Table 1. Global economics and politics co-evolving in the modern world system 1. K-Waves 2. Global leading sectors 3. Date 4. Long Cycles 5. System-builders Market economies * ** Transitions K1 Printing and paper 930 LC1 Northern Song K2 National market 990 K3 Fiscal framework 1060 LC2 Southern Song K4 Maritime trade 1120 K5 Champagne Fairs 1190 LC3 Genoa K6 Black Sea trade 1250 K7 Galley fleets 1300 LC4 Venice K8 Pepper 1350 ** Global nucleus K9 Guinea gold 1420 LC5 Portugal K10 Spices 1492 K11 Baltic trade 1540 LC6 Dutch Republic K12 Asian trade 1580 K13 American plantations 1640 LC7 Britain I K14 Amerasian trade 1680 K15 Cotton, iron 1740 LC8 Britain II K16 Railroads 1792 *World market **Global organization K17 Electric power, steel 1850 LC9 USA K18 Electronics, oil, autos 1914 K19 Computers, internet (IT) 1973 LC10 K20 2030 Notes: Based on Modelski and Thompson 1996: 137, table 8.5. * periods of the world economy process ** phases of global political evolution
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