Speeches

1

 

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Chapter 1-1:
Eloquence and influence both challenge Publius Quinctius in his trial now.
Chapter 1-2:
Danger and formidable opposition cause Quinctius and Cicero great fear.
Chapter 1-3:
Quinctius' partnership with Naevius led to a financial dispute and betrayal.
Chapter 1-4:
Naevius manipulated Quinctius into trusting him, then betrayed that trust.
Chapter 1-5:
Quinctius, deceived by Naevius, faces unjust accusations and legal challenges.
Chapter 1-6:
Naevius falsely accused Quinctius, manipulated the legal system against him.
Chapter 1-7:
Quinctius seeks justice from Flaccus, Naevius' unjust actions are exposed.
Chapter 1-8:
Naevius delayed the trial, manipulated legal proceedings, and deceived Quinctius.
Chapter 1-9:
Quinctius was forced into an unfair choice between two unjust outcomes.
Chapter 1-10:
Hortensius pressures for a quick decision; Cicero promises a brief argument.
Chapter 1-11:
Quinctius never owed Naevius money; Naevius' claim is unfounded.
Chapter 1-12:
Naevius delayed demands, proving Quinctius owed nothing to him.
Chapter 1-13:
Naevius aims to ruin Quinctius' life, not just recover money.
Chapter 1-14:
Naevius unjustly claims Quinctius' goods without proper legal grounds.
Chapter 1-15:
Naevius should not have pursued such extreme measures against Quinctius.
Chapter 1-16:
Naevius' actions defy both legal procedure and moral duty.
Chapter 1-17:
Naevius neglected to consult legal counsel before taking drastic action.
Chapter 1-18:
Naevius fabricated the forfeiture of recognizances to justify his actions.
Chapter 1-19:
Quinctius' absence was justified, proving Naevius' claims false.
Chapter 1-20:
Alphenus, Quinctius' agent, defended him adequately against Naevius' actions.
Chapter 1-21:
Naevius' appeal to the tribunes was unjust and manipulative.
Chapter 1-22:
Naevius manipulated the legal system, using influence to unjustly target Quinctius.
Chapter 1-23:
Naevius' inability to sell Quinctius' goods reveals his dishonesty.
Chapter 1-24:
Naevius' actions were driven by greed, not justice or necessity.
Chapter 1-25:
Naevius' rapid actions demonstrate his intention to wrongfully seize Quinctius' estate.
Chapter 1-26:
Naevius' haste and deceit expose his disregard for legal processes.
Chapter 1-27:
Naevius violated the praetor's edict by forcibly seizing Quinctius' property.
Chapter 1-28:
Naevius avoided a simple trial to complicate and lengthen the dispute.
Chapter 1-29:
Quinctius' defense by his agent, Alphenus, proves the injustice of Naevius' claims.
Chapter 1-30:
Quinctius seeks justice and protection against Naevius' overwhelming influence.
Chapter 1-31:
Quinctius pleads for fairness and preservation of his dignity and reputation.

2

 

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Chapter 2-1:
Judges marvel why Cicero, less experienced, defends Sextus Roscius instead.
Chapter 2-2:
Cicero defends Roscius due to Chrysogonus's unjust seizure of property.
Chapter 2-3:
Cicero challenges the unfairness of Roscius's accusation and imminent danger.
Chapter 2-4:
Cicero's fear of addressing such atrocious actions impacts his advocacy.
Chapter 2-5:
Cicero urges the judges to severely punish obvious and manifest crimes.
Chapter 2-6:
Sextus Roscius Sr. was wealthy, noble, and politically influential before murder.
Chapter 2-7:
Roscius Sr. is murdered, suspicion falls on those with conflicting interests.
Chapter 2-8:
Chrysogonus and associates seize Roscius's property through deceit and violence.
Chapter 2-9:
Ameria's citizens lament Roscius's murder and property theft by conspirators.
Chapter 2-10:
Roscius, threatened, seeks refuge and support from influential Caecilia.
Chapter 2-11:
Roscius faces parricide accusations, designed to eliminate him unfairly.
Chapter 2-12:
Comparing Roscius's case to others, Cicero shows the absurdity of accusations.
Chapter 2-13:
Cicero emphasizes the necessity to prove audacity, motive, and opportunity.
Chapter 2-14:
Roscius, over forty, was not corrupted by youth or financial troubles.
Chapter 2-15:
Erucius fails to prove Roscius's father had justifiable reasons for dislike.
Chapter 2-16:
Disinheriting claims lack evidence, no witnesses, or deliberations proving intent.
Chapter 2-17:
Roscius's passion for farming, approved by his father, contradicts accusations.
Chapter 2-18:
Ancient values esteemed farming, making disinheritance claims implausible.
Chapter 2-19:
Erucius's baseless claims about disinheritance expose his malicious intent.
Chapter 2-20:
Accusations should aim to deter crime, not mock judicial processes.
Chapter 2-21:
Erucius's baseless allegations fail to establish any credible suspicions.
Chapter 2-22:
Cicero exposes Erucius's carelessness, highlighting the baseless accusations.
Chapter 2-23:
Historical case of mistaken suspicion shows need for solid evidence.
Chapter 2-24:
Mythological examples illustrate the psychological burden of familial murder.
Chapter 2-25:
Roman ancestors devised severe punishments to deter extreme familial crimes.
Chapter 2-26:
They stripped Roscius of nature, sun, water, and earth.
Chapter 2-27:
Cicero questions how Roscius could have murdered his father.
Chapter 2-28:
Cicero challenges the baseless claims against Roscius's character.
Chapter 2-29:
Erucius's lack of evidence reveals the accuser's malicious intent.
Chapter 2-30:
Cicero shifts focus to accuse Titus Roscius of true guilt.
Chapter 2-31:
Titus Roscius benefits from the crime, unlike the impoverished Sextus.
Chapter 2-32:
Cicero highlights the absurdity of Erucius's unfounded accusations.
Chapter 2-33:
Titus Roscius's presence in Rome makes him more suspect.
Chapter 2-34:
Titus Roscius acted suspiciously after Sextus Roscius's murder.
Chapter 2-35:
The rapid spread of news implicates Titus Roscius in conspiracy.
Chapter 2-36:
Titus Roscius is implicated further by Chrysogonus's involvement.
Chapter 2-37:
Chrysogonus acted on false pretenses to seize Roscius's property.
Chapter 2-38:
Capito's betrayal of deputation reveals his treach ery and guilt.
Chapter 2-39:
Titus Roscius's deceitfulness proves his untrustworthiness and involvement.
Chapter 2-40:
Titus Roscius deceived his partners, showing his treacherous nature.
Chapter 2-41:
Cicero condemns Titus Roscius's audacity and dishonesty.
Chapter 2-42:
Cicero argues Chrysogonus's protection of slaves hides the truth.
Chapter 2-43:
Cicero criticizes Chrysogonus's illegal and unethical actions.
Chapter 2-44:
Cicero challenges the legality of selling Roscius's property.
Chapter 2-45:
Cicero questions the property sale's legality and proper documentation.
Chapter 2-46:
Chrysogonus's luxurious lifestyle contrasts Roscius's dire poverty.
Chapter 2-47:
Cicero defends the nobility's actions, emphasizing justice and integrity.
Chapter 2-48:
Chrysogonus's actions insult the integrity of the nobility and courts.
Chapter 2-49:
Roscius's humility and innocence contrast Chrysogonus's cruelty.
Chapter 2-50:
Roscius, stripped of everything, seeks only to clear his name.
Chapter 2-51:
Defending Roscius is just; many would defend him if able.
Chapter 2-52:
Roscius's only hope is judges' kindness against Chrysogonus's cruelty.
Chapter 2-53:
Aiding unjust prosecutions risks worsening the republic's cruel proscriptions.
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Chapter 3-1:
Fannius's accounts contradict Roscius's, leading to a dispute over credibility.
Chapter 3-2:
Fannius relies on memoranda, not official accounts, to claim money.
Chapter 3-3:
Fannius's failure to update his accounts raises suspicion of deceit.
Chapter 3-4:
Fannius demanded money in arbitration, implying unresolved partnership issues.
Chapter 3-5:
Fannius's lack of witnesses and evidence weakens his claim against Roscius.
Chapter 3-6:
Fannius alleges partnership fraud; Roscius's character contradicts such claims.
Chapter 3-7:
Roscius's integrity makes fraud accusations by Fannius seem absurd.
Chapter 3-8:
Roscius had no motive to defraud Fannius given his past generosity.
Chapter 3-9:
Fannius's refusal to use partnership arbitration questions his sincerity.
Chapter 3-10:
Dispute over Panurgus's value; Roscius's skill made him valuable.
Chapter 3-11:
Roscius's reputation raised Panurgus's value; partnership terms are disputed.
Chapter 3-12:
Roscius received a farm for his share; Fannius's claims are exaggerated.
Chapter 3-13:
Fannius's agreement with Roscius contradicts claims of partnership settlement.
Chapter 3-14:
Fannius also received compensation from Flavius, weakening his case.
Chapter 3-15:
Testimony from Cluvius confirms Fannius received additional payment.
Chapter 3-16:
Credible witnesses like Cluvius undermine Fannius's dishonest claims.
Chapter 3-17:
Fannius's argument contradicts common legal practices of partnership claims.
Chapter 3-18:
Roscius's individual settlement with Flavius invalidates Fannius's partnership claim.

4

 

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Chapter 4-1:
Verres, despite many crimes, presents himself boldly for defense.
Chapter 4-2:
Cicero argues the necessity of condemning Verres for public trust.
Chapter 4-3:
Verres's numerous crimes against Roman citizens and the gods.
Chapter 4-4:
Public outrage over Verres's crimes demands severe punishment.
Chapter 4-5:
Verres faces multiple accusations including releasing enemy leaders.
Chapter 4-6:
Verres's history of bribery and betrayal compromises his defense.
Chapter 4-7:
Verres's crimes during his quaestorship highlight his corruption.
Chapter 4-8:
Verres's excessive thefts of art and statues further indict him.
Chapter 4-9:
Cicero uses his remaining time to solidify Verres's guilt.
Chapter 4-10:
Verres's plundering of Greek temples exemplifies his audacity.
Chapter 4-11:
Verres’s systematic looting in Asia detailed by numerous witnesses.
Chapter 4-12:
Cicero bypasses Verres's earlier crimes to focus on public roles.
Chapter 4-13:
Verres deserted consul Carbo, demonstrating early treachery.
Chapter 4-14:
Verres's corrupt accounts and embezzlement during his quaestorship.
Chapter 4-15:
Verres's betrayal of both Carbo and Dolabella emphasizes his dishonesty.
Chapter 4-16:
Verres's lieutenant behavior in Asia marred by greed and violence.
Chapter 4-17:
Verres tortured a magistrate in Achaia for refusing bribes.
Chapter 4-18:
Verres looted Delos, defiling its sacred temple of Apollo.
Chapter 4-19:
Verres’s widespread looting in Asia, including sacred temples.
Chapter 4-20:
Verres’s plundering at Aspendus and Perga included taking sacred objects.
Chapter 4-21:
Verres's actions contrasted with honorable Roman generals.
Chapter 4-22:
Verres’s thefts displayed in Rome, causing public outrage.
Chapter 4-23:
Cicero challenges Verres to prove legal purchases of stolen art.
Chapter 4-24:
Verres's lust led to widespread sexual assaults during his tenure.
Chapter 4-25:
Verres tried to assault Philodamus's daughter in Lampsacus.
Chapter 4-26:
Philodamus and his son defended their home against Verres's men.
Chapter 4-27:
Lampsacenes almost burned Verres's house in righteous anger.
Chapter 4-28:
Verres's crimes in Lampsacus led to widespread local outrage.
Chapter 4-29:
Dolabella intervened to protect Verres, further implicating him.
Chapter 4-30:
Philodamus and his son were unjustly executed for resisting Verres.
Chapter 4-31:
Are your lusts, O Verres, to be so atrocious, that?
Chapter 4-32:
Will you then spare this man, O judges, whose offences?
Chapter 4-33:
And you say that a judicial decision was come to?
Chapter 4-34:
This crime committed at Lampsacus is very great; a crime.
Chapter 4-35:
That opinion of yours has much deceived you, and on?
Chapter 4-36:
When Caius Malleolus, the quaestor of Dolabella, had been slain?
Chapter 4-37:
This is that fellow's splendid guardianship. See to whom you?
Chapter 4-38:
But how he as proquaestor harassed the republic of?
< b id="4-39ten">Chapter 4-39:
You have heard the accounts of his quaestorship rendered?
Chapter 4-40:
However, let us now come to that splendid praetorship?
Chapter 4-41:
Publius Annius Asellus died while Caius Sacerdos was praetor.
Chapter 4-42:
Publius Annius had made his will in accordance with law.
Chapter 4-43:
You write, "If any one has made, or shall?
Chapter 4-44:
And I do not doubt that as this action?
Chapter 4-45:
Listen to another new edict of the fellow?
Chapter 4-46:
But, in the name of the immortal gods, what can?
Chapter 4-47:
But shall I first speak of his arrogance towards?
Chapter 4-48:
There was a man called Caius Sulpicius Olympus.
Chapter 4-49:
And as to how he behaved in the matter?
Chapter 4-50:
Publius Junius, O judges, had the guardianship of the temple.
Chapter 4-51:
Verres inspects Temple of Castor, plans to exploit pillar flaws.
Chapter 4-52:
Guardians appeal to Chelidon for help against Verres' corruption.
Chapter 4-53:
Witnesses testify to Verres' injustice, influence of Chelidon in trials.
Chapter 4-54:
Verres manipulates contracts, exploits minor's estate for personal gain.
Chapter 4-55:
Verres' fraudulent contracts for temple repairs exposed, blatant misappropriation.
Chapter 4-56:
Verres' contract terms favor himself, misuse of minor's funds.
Chapter 4-57:
Verres delays, falsifies records to cover up corrupt temple contract.
Chapter 4-58:
Hortensius defends Verres against public sentiment over corrupt dealings.
Chapter 4-59:
Verres' corruption detailed in temple repairs, misuse of public funds.
Chapter 4-60:
Verres' greed and corruption exposed through fraudulent temple repairs.
Chapter 4-61:
Verres' exploitation of contracts, disregard for public funds and justice.

5

 

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Chapter 5-1:
Cicero defends Sicily, citing its historical importance and loyalty to Rome.
Chapter 5-2:
Sicily praised by Roman leaders for its loyalty and resources.
Chapter 5-3:
Sicily's economic benefits and virtues praised by Cicero.
Chapter 5-4:
Sicilians seek justice against Verres despite his powerful influence.
Chapter 5-5:
Few support Verres in Sicily; many cities seek justice against him.
Chapter 5-6:
Plans for plundering Sicily, exploits name, extorts large sums illicitly.
Chapter 5-7:
Inquiry into robbery types, victim names; impudent preparations upon arrival.
Chapter 5-8:
False accusation for inheritance, illegal fines, Venus Erycina pretext exploited.
Chapter 5-9:
Extorts from Sosippus and Epicrates, false Venus claim, impoverishes defendants.
Chapter 5-10:
Denies receiving millions, shifts blame, corrupt officials aid extortion.
Chapter 5-11:
Select trustworthy men, punish deceivers, live accountably, protect reputation, avoid risk.
Chapter 5-12:
Legal corruption in trials, biased judges, Verres' exploitative judicial practices.
Chapter 5-13:
Verres' manipulation of Sicilian legal procedures, biased tribunals, unjust rulings.
Chapter 5-14:
Verres seizes Heraclius' inheritance, manipulates legal proceedings, corrupt advisors.
Chapter 5-15:
Heraclius resists Verres' schemes, legal delays, fights biased judgments.
Chapter 5-16:
Verres' corruption of justice in Sicily, ignoring Rupilian law.
Chapter 5-17:
Heraclius flees, Verres pressures judges, condemns him in absentia.
Chapter 5-18:
Verres' illegal seizure of Heraclius' inheritance, Syracusan complicity.
Chapter 5-19:
Verres seizes Heraclius' property, enriches himself, sparks public outrage.
Chapter 5-20:
Verres caught taking bribes, blames relative, faces Senate's scrutiny.
Chapter 5-21:
Verres committed numerous crimes with accomplices against Syracuse's citizens.
Chapter 5-22:
Epicrates faced unjust claims on his inheritance due to Verres.
Chapter 5-23:
Verres extorted eighty thousand sesterces from the people of Bidis.
Chapter 5-24:
Verres unjustly gave away Epicrates' inheritance and seized his property.
Chapter 5-25:
Heraclius and Epicrates lost everything due to Verres' corrupt actions.
Chapter 5-26:
Metellus nullified Verres' unjust acts upon his arrival in Sicily.
Chapter 5-27:
Heraclius and Epicrates faced obstruction from Verres, delaying their testimony.
Chapter 5-28:
Verres extorted money from Sopater after manipulating legal proceedings.
Chapter 5-29:
Verres manipulated the trial of Sopater to ensure a conviction.
Chapter 5-30:
Verres hastily condemned Sopater without due process or fairness.
Chapter 5-31:
Keep him in the city to judge causes and declare opinions.
Chapter 5-32:
Wicked to take money to influence court decisions.
Chapter 5-33:
Witnesses confirm money taken; decision changed against defendant.
Chapter 5-34:
Verres took valuable items from Sthenius's house at Thermae.
Chapter 5-35:
Verres coveted statues from Thermae, including those of Stesichorus.
Chapter 5-36:
Verres couldn't plunder Thermae due to Sthenius' defiance and eloquence.
Chapter 5-37:
Verres falsely accused Sthenius, extorted him, and drove him to flee.
Chapter 5-38:
Verres unfairly tried Sthenius in absentia, extorted fines, and harassed him.
Chapter 5-39:
Senate proposed laws against trying absentees after Sthenius' unjust trial.
Chapter 5-40:
Verres summoned Sthenius unjustly, but his accuser failed to appear.
Chapter 5-41:
Verres alarmed by senate and public assembly complaints against Sthenius.
Chapter 5-42:
Verres openly declared it lawful to accuse absentees in Sicily.
Chapter 5-43:
Verres appointed a Roman citizen as Sthenius's advocate unfairly.
Chapter 5-44:
Caius Claudius, Verres's agent in Sicily, implicated in corruption.
Chapter 5-45:
Verres condemned Sthenius unjustly, violating hospitality and Sicilian respect.
Chapter 5-46:
Sthenius, a respected man in Sicily, unjustly accused and condemned.
Chapter 5-47:
Verres plundered Sthenius's property, leaving monuments of his crimes.
Chapter 5-48:
Verres accused of corruption and accepting bribes in judicial decisions.
Chapter 5-49:
Verres's agents paid bribes for favorable judicial decisions.
Chapter 5-50:
Verres's corrupt practices documented extensively in Sicilian judicial proceedings.
Chapter 5-51:
Verres manipulates Syracusan priesthood by rigging lots for Theomnastus.
Chapter 5-52:
Verres changes election date to favor Herodotus in Cephaloedium.
Chapter 5-53:
Verres sells censor appointments, bribes in packed Syracuse house.
Chapter 5-54:
Timarchides aids Verres in corruption, womanizing, political maneuvering.
Chapter 5-55:
Verres extorts money for statues, corrupts census in Sicily.
Chapter 5-56:
Metellus restores Peducaeus' census, nullifies Verres' manipulations.
Chapter 5-57:
Metellus annuls Verres' corrupt decisions, exposes financial extortion.
Chapter 5-58:
Verres extorts 120,000 sesterces for statues, misuse of public funds.
Chapter 5-59:
Verres fails to account for extorted money, faces embezzlement charges.
Chapter 5-60:
Verres accused of large-scale financial corruption through statue extortion.
Chapter 5-61:
Advocates plan defense against influential Sicilian testimonies; Verres alienates agriculturists.
Chapter 5-62:
Verres refuses to acknowledge Sicilian contributions to his honor. Witnesses confirm.
Chapter 5-63:
Verres' actions in Sicily alienate cities; public displays against him.
Chapter 5-64:
Sicilians show hostility towards Verres; testimonials and petitions against him.
Chapter 5-65:
Sicilian cities dismantle Verres' statues; public resentment evident.
Chapter 5-66:
Sicilian cities, including Tauromenium and Tyndaris, dismantle Verres' statues.
Chapter 5-67:
Centuripa Senate orders removal of Verres' statues; Metellus intervenes to preserve them.
Chapter 5-68:
Centuripa initially removes Verres' statues; Metellus orders their reinstatement.
Chapter 5-69:
Verres extorts money for statues; no genuine support from Sicilians.
 
Chapter 5-71:
Collectors of tenths remove letters to protect Caius Verres' reputation.
Chapter 5-72:
Verres exported goods without paying port dues, letters reveal.
Chapter 5-73:
Resolution to remove letters passed, witnesses will testify truth.
Chapter 5-74:
Investigator finds incriminating books, reveals Verres' illegal exports.
Chapter 5-75:
Conjecture Verres' total theft from these small books' evidence.
Chapter 5-76:
Carpinatius' accounts show Verres' corruption and money laundering scheme.
Chapter 5-77:
Metellus' tribunal exposes Carpinatius' fraud and Verres' involvement.
Chapter 5-78:
Erased accounts reveal Verres' guilt, proof of his corruption.

6

 

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Chapter 1-1:
Public prosecutors should act for common good, not personal gain.
Chapter 1-2:
Accusers must exemplify virtues opposite to accused offenses.
Chapter 1-3:
Verres' offenses provoke enmity due to opposition to public good.
Chapter 1-4:
Verres favored over virtuous citizens, affecting societal standards.
Chapter 1-5:
Focus now shifts to corruption in corn management in Sicily.
Chapter 1-6:
Sicilian taxation differs from other provinces; Verres disrupted established norms.
Chapter 1-7:
Verres unlawfully altered Sicilian taxation laws without authority.
Chapter 1-8:
Consuls permitted auction of tributes under strict legal adherence.
Chapter 1-9:
Verres disregarded established laws, damaging Sicilian revenue system.
Chapter 1-10:
Verres' amendments to laws harmed revenue and Sicilian interests.

7

 

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Chapter 1-1:
Verres' plundering in Sicily causes outrage and judicial scrutiny.
Chapter 1-2:
Heius, esteemed Mamertine, suffers Verres' theft of sacred statues.
Chapter 1-3:
Heius' chapel stripped of revered statues by Verres' greed.
Chapter 1-4:
Verres' audacious thefts include prized statues from Heius' chapel.
Chapter 1-5:
Laws against purchasing slaves in provinces highlight Verres' abuses.
Chapter 1-6:
Verres claims innocence in purchasing statues, defying Sicilian laws.
Chapter 1-7:
Verres seizes priceless statues, undervalues them, flaunts impunity.
Chapter 1-8:
Heius, Mamertine delegate, confronts Verres, exposing thefts and abuses.
Chapter 1-9:
Heius, Mamertine spokesman, challenges Verres, seeks justice against pillaging.
Chapter 1-10:
Verres faces condemnation by Sicilians and Mamertines for rampant looting.
Chapter 11:
"Do you dare to praise anyone, Mamertines, without authority?"
Chapter 12:
"Is there any city or king who wouldn't invite a Roman Senator?"
Chapter 13:
"Verres traced stolen goods with assistance from skilled Greek brothers."
Chapter 14:
"Pamphilus saved goblets from Verres with clever negotiation."
Chapter 15:
"Verres, despite trial, couldn't resist examining Lucius Sisenna's plate."
Chapter 16:
"Verres used Cibyratic brothers to find and trace valuable items."
Chapter 17:
"Verres took silver vessels and tables without hesitation across Sicily."
Chapter 18:
"Verres coveted Thericlean goblets from Diodorus of Melita intensely."
Chapter 19:
"Verres' defense of purchasing Sicilian plate lacks documented proof."
Chapter 20:
"Verres faced condemnation for his extensive unrecorded acquisitions."
Chapter 21:
Boasted of buying items from Calidius, including censers and goblets.
Chapter 22:
Stole goblets from Aeschylus and dishes from Thraso in Sicily.
Chapter 23:
Ordered silver plate collection in Catina, Centuripa, Agyrium, Haluntium.
Chapter 24:
Looted Haluntium’s chased silver, remade into golden vessels openly.
Chapter 25:
Established workshop in Syracuse, transformed stolen silver into golden cups.
Chapter 26:
Known for stealing golden rings openly, even from Roman citizens.
Chapter 27:
Hosted Syrian kings, sent them domestic gifts, plundered their retinue.
Chapter 28:
"Antiochus sent a precious candelabrum to Rome but it disappeared."
Chapter 29:
"Verres kept the candelabrum, ignored requests for its return."
Chapter 30:
"Antiochus protested in Syracuse, outraged by Verres's audacity and disrespect."
Chapter 31:
Appeal to Catulus: Ensure Capitol's grandeur and magnificence in restoration.
Chapter 32:
Verres' house displays stolen candelabrum meant for Jupiter's temple.
Chapter 33:
Segesta's Diana statue taken to Carthage, then restored by Scipio.
Chapter 34:
Diana statue in Segesta resisted Verres' attempt to take it.
Chapter 35:
Segestan reverence: Diana statue removal met with public mourning and protest.
Chapter 36:
Marcus Tullius appeals to Publius Scipio to defend family honor.
Chapter 37:
Publius Scipio urged to protect family honor and monuments.
Chapter 38:
Verres accused of stealing and defacing monuments of Publius Africanus.
Chapter 39:
Verres accused of removing the statue of Mercury from Tyndaris.
Chapter 40:
Verres abuses Sopater and forces removal of Mercury statue.
Chapter 41:
Verres committed multiple crimes: extortion, embezzlement, treason, impiety, inhumanity.
Chapter 42:
Caius Marcellus denies Verres' accusations; public documents contradict Verres' claims.
Chapter 43:
Verres stole a statue from Agrigentum, inciting city-wide outrage.
Chapter 44:
Verres stole from temples at Assorum and Agrigentum, angering Sicilians.
Chapter 45:
Verres stole Ceres' statue, blamed others, and faced public condemnation.
Chapter 46:
"Verres desired plundering the ancient temple after hearing about it."
Chapter 47:
"Verres plundered Juno's shrine on Melita, leaving nothing sacred."
Chapter 48:
"Sicily's Ceres worship violated by Verres, taking sacred artifacts."
Chapter 49:
"Ceres of Enna revered widely; Verres's sacrilege shocked Sicily deeply."
Chapter 50:
"Verres's crimes at Enna against Ceres deeply outraged Sicilians."
Chapter 51:
Theodorus, Numinius, Nicasio from Enna demand statues from Verres.
Chapter 52:
Syracuse's contrast under Marcellus and Verres' corruption exposed.
Chapter 53:
Syracuse described: Island, Achradina, Tyche, Neapolis with unique features.
Chapter 54:
Marcellus spared Syracuse's beauty; Verres plundered and desecrated it.
Chapter 55:
Verres looted Syracuse's Minerva temple, desecrating sacred artworks.
Chapter 56:
Magnificent gold and ivory doors taken from Syracuse's temple.
Chapter 57:
Verres took Sappho's statue and other treasures from Syracuse.
Chapter 58:
Stole statues of Jupiter Imperator and other revered artworks.
Chapter 59:
Pillaged marble tables, brass goblets, Corinthian vases from Syracuse.
Chapter 60:
Greeks outraged by theft of cultural treasures from their cities.
Chapter 61:
Heraclius requests presence, discusses grievances, and exposes Verres' misdeeds.
Chapter 62:
Syracusans detail Verres' thefts, protest panegyric with strong resentment.
Chapter 63:
Syracusans provide documents on Verres' crimes, rescind insincere panegyric.
Chapter 64:
Syracusan senate deliberates Panegyric; Verres' supporters remain silent, exposed.
Chapter 65:
Decree passed for Lucius; Verres's panegyric rescinded; praetor adjourns the senate.
Chapter 66:
Syracusans refuse document; crazy man's disruptive accusations at tribunal.
Chapter 67:
Mamertines praise Verres; Syracusans resent Verrean festival, Marcellean festival abolished.

8

 

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Chapter 1-1:
Verres plundered Sicily openly, without disguise, sacred and public.
Chapter 1-2:
Defense claims Verres preserved Sicily from fugitive slaves, war dangers.
Chapter 1-3:
Cicero challenges Verres' military valor during slave and pirate threats.
Chapter 1-4:
Hortensius defends Verres' conduct during Sicilian piracy and slave wars.
Chapter 1-5:
Verres acquitted despite accusations of robbery and temple desecration.
Chapter 1-6:
Cicero faces defending Verres' alleged valor versus criminal accusations.
Chapter 1-7:
Verres' military valor debated amidst accusations of corruption and theft.
Chapter 1-8:
Verres released slaves condemned for conspiracy against Roman citizens.
Chapter 1-9:
Verres accused of accepting bribes for releasing condemned slaves in Sicily.
Chapter 1-10:
Verres extorted bribes from wealthy Sicilians under false accusations.
Chapter 1-11:
Verres parades with luxury, bribery, and indulgence in Sicily.
Chapter 1-12:
Verres sets up camp at Syracuse, indulges in excess.
Chapter 1-13:
Verres neglects duties, revels in debauchery and corruption openly.
Chapter 1-14:
Cicero contrasts his own virtuous service with Verres' abuses.
Chapter 1-15:
Cicero contrasts Verres' neglect with his own conscientious duties.
Chapter 1-16:
Verres neglects duties, scandalizes with misconduct during service.
Chapter 1-17:
Cicero criticizes Verres' ineffective handling of pirate threats.
Chapter 1-18:
Verres abuses power, extorts wealth under false pretenses.
Chapter 1-19:
Cicero exposes Verres ' misuse of public funds and resources.
Chapter 1-20:
Verres illegally builds and uses a luxurious personal ship.
Chapter 1-21:
Mamertines relieved from equal grain contribution; others paid as usual.
Chapter 1-22:
Tauromenians and Netians forced to provide grain despite treaty.
Chapter 1-23:
Mamertines exempted from contributions; received special privileges unjustly.
Chapter 1-24:
Verres accepted a ship unlawfully from Mamertines, abusing authority.
Chapter 1-25:
Verres altered naval expense customs, profited from sailors' release.
Chapter 1-26:
Verres kept pirate captain alive secretly for potential monetary gain.
Chapter 1-27:
Pirate captain kept hidden, contrary to Roman practice of execution.
Chapter 1-28:
Verres feared Syracusan stone-quarries for captive pirates; sent elsewhere.
Chapter 1-29:
Verres' handling of pirates' assets brought under scrutiny; profited illicitly.
Chapter 1-30:
Verres manipulated expenses, profited from fleet inadequacies and maintenance.
Chapter 1-31:
Verres neglected fleet and troops for luxury and revelry, endangering Sicily.
Chapter 1-32:
Verres appointed locals, neglected Roman allies' defense and dignity.
Chapter 1-33:
Cleomenes led poorly equipped fleet; Verres indulged in luxury.
Chapter 1-34:
Pirates attacked; Verres' fleet burned due to neglect and inaction.
Chapter 1-35:
Verres' fleet burned by pirates; he hides from public outcry.
Chapter 1-36:
Praetor's absence causes uproar; pirates infiltrate Syracuse's defenses, embarrassing him.
Chapter 1-37:
Pirates breach Syracuse, sailing into the heart of the city.
Chapter 1-38:
Pirates roam Syracuse, exposing Verres' corruption and neglect.
Chapter 1-39:
Verres schemes to silence witnesses, fearing impeachment over lost fleet.
Chapter 1-40:
Verres plans to execute witnesses, including Cleomenes, to evade justice.
Chapter 1-41:
Verres accuses naval captains falsely, condemns them without evidence.
Chapter 1-42:
Parents plead for unjustly condemned sons, Verres shows no mercy.
Chapter 1-43:
Heraclius pleads innocence, suffers cruelty despite medical exemption.
Chapter 1-44:
Verres condemns innocents without proper judicial process, ignores advisers.
Chapter 1-45:
Families suffer, denied access to imprisoned sons, forced to bribe.
Chapter 1-46:
Innocents executed, Verres seeks to silence witnesses of his crimes.
Chapter 1-47:
Cities devastated, citizens killed unjustly under Verres' corrupt rule.
Chapter 1-48:
Where shall allies flee? Whose help? What hope if abandoned?
Chapter 1-49:
Judges, behold allies' misery. Verres robbed them of safety.
Chapter 1-50:
Defense futile. Ships dismantled. Revelry during allies' disaster exposed.
Chapter 1-51:
Naval captains, soldiers, rowers discharged; cities testify to truth, famine.
Chapter 1-52:
Father's friend accuses praetor of naval neglect, corruption, debauchery.
Chapter 1-53:
Verres' tyranny: Roman citizens beaten, punished unjustly, for no reason.
Chapter 1-54:
Gaius Servilius beaten by lictors before Verres, public spectacle at Lilybaeum.
Chapter 1-55:
Verres abuses power, imprisons Roman citizens in Syracusan stone-quarries.
Chapter 1-56:
Verres' cruelty was fueled by plundering ships from Asia, Syria, Tyre.
Chapter 1-57:
Roman citizens were brutally executed in Verres' Sicilian prison.
Chapter 1-58:
Verres' treatment of Roman citizens warrants severe punishment and retribution.
Chapter 1-59:
Verres' defense reveals his savage cruelty and relentless avarice.
Chapter 1-60:
Verres' executions of Roman citizens in Sicily caused widespread horror.
Chapter 1-61:
Publius Gavius, a Roman citizen, unfairly punished by Verres.
Chapter 1-62:
Verres ordered Gavius's torture despite citizenship proclamation in Messana.
Chapter 1-63:
Gavius's crucifixion violated Roman rights and justice under Verres.
Chapter 1-64:
Verres falsely accused Gavius of espionage to justify his punishment.
Chapter 1-65:
Verres's disregard for Roman citizenship's protections condemned Gavius unjustly.
Chapter 1-66:
Verres's placing Gavius's cross for all to see was barbaric.
Chapter 1-67:
Cicero appeals for justice and condemns Verres's abuse of power.
Chapter 1-68:
Cicero urges judges to uphold justice for Roman citizens' rights.
Chapter 1-69:
I have done my duty, despite those who doubt me.
Chapter 1-70:
I will speak out against corruption, despite personal risk.
Chapter 1-71:
New men face hostility, must overcome opposition with diligence.
Chapter 1-72:
Gods, protect justice, punish Verres for sacrilege, corruption, and crimes.

9

 

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Chapter 1-1:
Admission of guilt shifts case strategy for Tullius's defense.
Chapter 1-2:
Shift in defense approach, reluctantly criticizing Fabius's character.
Chapter 1-3:
Request for concise defense from Fabius’s lawyer to judges.
Chapter 1-4:
New laws for violent household conduct, inspired by civil unrest.
Chapter 1-5:
Establishment of judicial process for household damages during unrest.
Chapter 1-6:
Overview of Tullius's land dispute with aggressive neighbor Fabius.
Chapter 1-7:
Fabius's aggressive attempts to acquire Tullius's field, escalating tensions.
Chapter 1-8:
Fabius's armed men murder Tullius's slaves, destroy property in dispute.
Chapter 1-9:
Violent attack by Fabius's slaves on Tullius's property described.
Chapter 1-10:
Witnesses and Fabius confirm violent attack and property destruction.
Chapter 1-11:
Legal definition and implications of damage caused by a household.
Chapter 1-12:
Explanation of legal nuances regarding household liability for damages.
Chapter 1-13:
Malice inherent in each action; entire transaction tainted with malice.
Chapter 1-14:
Use rocks, reefs as harbour; evade using word "malice."
Chapter 1-15:
Nothing Quinctius can say; defence cuts off and excluded.
Chapter 1-16:
Inquiry needed if Marcus Tullius' men slain wrongfully or not.
Chapter 1-17:
Prohibitory law about violence existed; judges rightly summoned them.
Chapter 1-18:
Violent acts brought to court; not inquiry about right or wrong.
Chapter 1-19:
Pleas of defence allowed; even if confessed guilty of violence.
Chapter 1-20:
Consider another prohibitory law; laws protect magistrates and actions.
Chapter 1-21:
Read laws not relevant; ancestors disapproved of unnecessary slayings.
Chapter 1-22:
Man pardoned if kills without intent; silent law of humanity.
Chapter 1-23:
Slay thief wrongfully without established law; defending with weapon lawful.
Chapter 1-24:
House demolished unlawfully; powerless to slay men lawfully.

10

 

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Chapter 1-1:
Fonteius accused of oppression and arbitrary tax on wines.
Chapter 1-2:
Fonteius followed precedent; Hirtuleius example in account-books defended.
Chapter 1-3:
No loss or embezzlement found in Fonteius' treasury accounts.
Chapter 1-4:
Charges related to roads and corn supply questioned in context.
Chapter 1-5:
Gauls' debt and loans handled by Roman citizens, not Fonteius.
Chapter 1-6:
Fonteius governed Gaul, managed enemies, and exacted resources for Rome.
Chapter 1-7:
Colonists and allies support Fonteius; adversaries are disloyal Gauls.
Chapter 1-8:
Fonteius accused of profiting from road-making; lieutenants handled details.
Chapter 1-9:
Plaetorius accuses Fonteius of imposing transit duty on wine.
Chapter 1-10:
Gauls' accusations against Fonteius questioned; witnesses' credibility discussed.
Chapter 1-11:
Judges often disbelieved testimony from illustrious men like Caepio and Metellus.
Chapter 1-12:
Marcus Scaurus's authority was immense, yet his testimony doubted.
Chapter 1-13:
Lucius Crassus's credibility doubted against Marcus Marcellus due to enmity.
Chapter 1-14:
Judges in the past were keen, assessing witness credibility thoroughly.
Chapter 1-15:
Roman knights doubted Scaurus; Gauls' testimony against Fonteius doubted.
Chapter 1-16:
Gauls' testimony doubted due to hostility, political differences with Fonteius.
Chapter 1-17:
Induciomarus' testimony lacked moderation, using certainty over cautious language.
Chapter 1-18:
Gauls historically hostile, untrustworthy in Roman judicial matters.
Chapter 1-19:
Gauls attacked Delphi, besieged Capitol, questioning their testimony credibility.
Chapter 1-20:
Gauls' sacrificial practices question their honesty in testimony in court.
Chapter 1-21:
Gauls' threats shouldn't sway court against Fonteius, supported by allies.

11

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Chapter 1-1:
Caecina faces Aebutius in court over disputed land ownership.
Chapter 1-2:
Aebutius delays with audacity and legal maneuvers; Caecina counters firmly.
Chapter 1-3:
Caecina argues against delays in justice due to legal nuances.
Chapter 1-4:
Caecina recounts inheritance and Aebutius' opportunistic involvement in legal disputes.
Chapter 1-5:
Aebutius influences Caesennia's affairs, causing disputes over her estate.
Chapter 1-6:
Caesennia's death triggers dispute over inheritance with Aebutius.
Chapter 1-7:
Aebutius challenges Caecina's inheritance rights due to civil issues.
Chapter 1-8:
Conflict escalates as armed men block Caecina from disputed farm.
Chapter 1-9:
Aebutius threatens Caecina with armed force; legal proceedings ensue.
Chapter 1-10:
Witnesses confirm armed intimidation; Caecina asserts rightful inheritance claims.
Chapter 1-11:
Caecina's situation questioned due to extreme wickedness and stupidity defense.
Chapter 1-12:
Debate over legal action in armed conflict, defending against violence.
Chapter 1-13:
Praetor's role questioned in violent prevention of property entry.
Chapter 1-14:
Violence defined in legal terms, including fear and military comparisons.
Chapter 1-15:
Fear's impact on violence claims in legal disputes analyzed.
Chapter 1-16:
Precedents cited for proving violence with armed confrontations.
Chapter 1-17:
Violence considered when entry prevented despite intent to enter.
Chapter 1-18:
Legal implications of violence defined by intent and armed presence.
Chapter 1-19:
Impact of armed presence in legal disputes over entry rights.
Chapter 1-20:
Defining violence in legal terms, including prevention and armed presence.
Chapter 1-21:
"Men collected together" also includes those assembled without invitation.
Chapter 1-22:
"Armed" men include those with potential to harm others.
Chapter 1-23:
Violence includes repelling with threats, not just physical removal.
Chapter 1-24:
Laws should prioritize justice, not just literal wording.
Chapter 1-25:
Civil law ensures certainty and security of property ownership.
Chapter 1-26:
Upholding civil law is crucial for property and societal stability.
Chapter 1-27:
Violent repulsion, even without physical entry, requires restitution.
Chapter 1-28:
Laws must be interpreted based on intent, not just wording.
Chapter 1-29:
Driven away means prevented from approaching or forcibly removed.
Chapter 1-30:
Interdict considers both repulsion from and within a place.
Chapter 1-31:
Interpret "from which" place as where repulsion occurred.
Chapter 1-32:
Two interdicts: one for physical violence, one for armed violence.
Chapter 1-33:
Citizenship and liberty cannot be taken away by law.
Chapter 1-34:
Banished individuals abandon, not lose, their citizenship rights.
Chapter 1-35:
Sulla's law avoids stripping citizenship and inheritance rights.
Chapter 1-36:
Focus on justice over legal technicalities in defending rights.

12

 

 

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Chapter 1-1:
Caecina faces Aebutius in court over disputed land ownership.
Chapter 1-2:
Aebutius delays with audacity and legal maneuvers; Caecina counters firmly.
Chapter 1-3:
Caecina argues against delays in justice due to legal nuances.
Chapter 1-4:
Caecina recounts inheritance and Aebutius' opportunistic involvement in legal disputes.
Chapter 1-5:
Aebutius influences Caesennia's affairs, causing disputes over her estate.
Chapter 1-6:
Caesennia's death triggers dispute over inheritance with Aebutius.
Chapter 1-7:
Aebutius challenges Caecina's inheritance rights due to civil issues.
Chapter 1-8:
Conflict escalates as armed men block Caecina from disputed farm.
Chapter 1-9:
Aebutius threatens Caecina with armed force; legal proceedings ensue.
Chapter 1-10:
Witnesses confirm armed intimidation; Caecina asserts rightful inheritance claims.
Chapter 1-11:
Caecina's situation questioned due to extreme wickedness and stupidity defense.
Chapter 1-12:
Debate over legal action in armed conflict, defending against violence.
Chapter 1-13:
Praetor's role questioned in violent prevention of property entry.
Chapter 1-14:
Violence defined in legal terms, including fear and military comparisons.
Chapter 1-15:
Fear's impact on violence claims in legal disputes analyzed.
Chapter 1-16:
Precedents cited for proving violence with armed confrontations.
Chapter 1-17:
Violence considered when entry prevented despite intent to enter.
Chapter 1-18:
Legal implications of violence defined by intent and armed presence.
Chapter 1-19:
Impact of armed presence in legal disputes over entry rights.
Chapter 1-20:
Defining violence in legal terms, including prevention and armed presence.
Chapter 1-21:
"Men collected together" also includes those assembled without invitation.
Chapter 1-22:
"Armed" men include those with potential to harm others.
Chapter 1-23:
Violence includes repelling with threats, not just physical removal.
Chapter 1-24:
Laws should prioritize justice, not just literal wording.
Chapter 1-25:
Civil law ensures certainty and security of property ownership.
Chapter 1-26:
Upholding civil law is crucial for property and societal stability.
Chapter 1-27:
Violent repulsion, even without physical entry, requires restitution.
Chapter 1-28:
Laws must be interpreted based on intent, not just wording.
Chapter 1-29:
Driven away means prevented from approaching or forcibly removed.
Chapter 1-30:
Interdict considers both repulsion from and within a place.
Chapter 1-31:
Interpret "from which" place as where repulsion occurred.
Chapter 1-32:
Two interdicts: one for physical violence, one for armed violence.
Chapter 1-33:
Citizenship and liberty cannot be taken away by law.
Chapter 1-34:
Banished individuals abandon, not lose, their citizenship rights.
Chapter 1-35:
Sulla's law avoids stripping citizenship and inheritance rights.
Chapter 1-36:
Focus on justice over legal technicalities in defending rights.
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Chapter 1-1:
Accuser's speech focuses on past trial unpopularity, poisoning allegations.
Chapter 1-2:
Unpopularity shouldn't sway trials; facts and fairness must prevail.
Chapter 1-3:
Eight years of negative perception against Cluentius; seek justice.
Chapter 1-4:
Cluentius accused of bribing judges to convict Statius Albius.
Chapter 1-5:
Cluentius prosecuted Oppianicus out of necessity for self-defense.
Chapter 1-6:
Sassia, Cluentius's mother, sought to marry her daughter's husband.
Chapter 1-7:
Oppianicus accused of poisoning Cluentius, evidenced by caught act.
Chapter 1-8:
Oppianicus bribed informant, murdered Marcus Aurius for inheritance.
Chapter 1-9:
Oppianicus killed sons to marry Sassia, motivated by greed.
Chapter 1-10:
Oppianicus's numerous crimes caused strong hatred and condemnation.
Chapter 1-11:
Oppianicus poisoned his brother and pregnant sister-in-law for inheritance.
Chapter 1-12:
Magius foresaw danger; wife sold unborn child for Oppianicus’s bribe.
Chapter 1-13:
Asinius murdered for wealth; Avilius confessed, implicating Oppianicus.
Chapter 1-14:
Oppianicus poisoned grandmother Dinea and falsified her will.
Chapter 1-15:
Habitus defended city's rights against Oppianicus and Fabricius’s claims.
Chapter 1-16:
Fabricius bribed Cleophantus’s slave to poison Habitus; plan failed.
Chapter 1-17:
Oppianicus’s guilt undeniable; forced Cluentius to prosecute for survival.
Chapter 1-18:
Fabricius tried tampering with Cleophantus’s slave, caught red-handed.
Chapter 1-19:
Cluentius faced overwhelming evidence, including testimonies against Oppianicus.
Chapter 1-20:
Scamander’s conviction implied Oppianicus’s guilt; Fabricius next target.
Chapter 1-21:
Fabricius was condemned due to weak defense and evident guilt.
Chapter 1-22:
Oppianicus was already condemned by previous judgments against accomplices.
Chapter 1-23:
The judges had no reason to be bribed by Cluentius.
Chapter 1-24:
Oppianicus bribed Stalenus; his guilt and corruption were evident.
Chapter 1-25:
Stalenus manipulated the trial, taking bribes and betraying Oppianicus.
Chapter 1-26:
Stalenus's greed and deceit led him to betray Oppianicus.
Chapter 1-27:
Canutius uncovered the bribery; Stalenus's guilt became clear.
Chapter 1-28:
Corrupt judges condemned Oppianicus, who relied on bribery.
Chapter 1-29:
Public outrage against judicial corruption led to investigations.
Chapter 1-30:
Time revealed Oppianicus's guilt and Cluentius's innocence.
Chapter 1-31:
Stalenus claimed money was for goodwill, not judge bribery.
Chapter 1-32:
Money given to Stalenus proves bribery, not goodwill conciliation.
Chapter 1-33:
Junius's condemnation unrelated to Cluentius; driven by tribune's bias.
Chapter 1-34:
Decision against Junius shouldn't impact Cluentius's case at all.
Chapter 1-35:
Tribune's power can bias trials, Junius's trial was unfair.
Chapter 1-36:
Bulbus and others' cases don't relate to Cluentius's innocence.
Chapter 1-37:
Stalenus's condemnation supports Cluentius's innocence, Oppianicus's guilt.
Chapter 1-38: < br/> Fidiculanius acquitted; Oppianicus guilty, convictions supported.
Chapter 1-39:
Quinctius used public influence, failed in fair legal process.
Chapter 1-40:
Quinctius was inexperienced, relied on public assemblies, not law.
Chapter 1-41:
Egnatius accused son of bribery, despite senate rejecting claim.
Chapter 1-42:
Censorial animadversion doesn't carry the weight of judicial decisions.
Chapter 1-43:
Censors' decisions often overturned by judicial sentences and magistrates.
Chapter 1-44:
Question the truth of censor notes; look for evidence.
Chapter 1-45:
Prove Cluentius' bribery with evidence, not censor statements.
Chapter 1-46:
Censors' punishments should be consistent, not selectively applied.
Chapter 1-47:
Censors sought popularity, not truth; decisions influenced by rumors.
Chapter 1-48:
Censors acted on hearsay; no solid evidence against Cluentius.
Chapter 1-49:
Senate expressed anger, not judgment, regarding bribery allegations.
Chapter 1-50:
Speeches in court driven by circumstances, not personal opinions.
Chapter 1-51:
Crassus effectively countered Brutus' contradictions, proving the case's circumstances.
Chapter 1-52:
I defended Cluentius based on his actions, not legal technicalities.
Chapter 1-53:
Arguing for equal treatment under the law disregards established legal distinctions.
Chapter 1-54:
Investigations must adhere to law, specifying roles and responsibilities.
Chapter 1-55:
Laws apply differently to different social ranks; senators face stricter regulations.
Chapter 1-56:
Equestrians historically resisted laws meant for senators, preferring their rank's benefits.
Chapter 1-57:
Avoiding legal protections weakens the foundation of our republic's justice.
Chapter 1-58:
Judges must prioritize law, duty, and impartiality over personal feelings or biases.
Chapter 1-59:
Injury claims against Cluentius lack significant evidence or merit, easily refuted.
Chapter 1-60:
Poisoning allegations against Cluentius disproved by credible witnesses and circumstances.
Chapter 1-61:
Oppianicus died naturally, not poisoned by Cluentius; mother plotted everything.
Chapter 1-62:
Asellius, friend of Oppianicus, unlikely to aid Habitus' scheme.
Chapter 1-63:
Mother's torture of slaves failed to implicate Cluentius in poisoning.
Chapter 1-64:
Mother betrothed daughter to Oppianicus to ensure son's prosecution.
Chapter 1-65:
Three years later, mother reopens investigation, tortures slaves again.
Chapter 1-66:
Investigation documents were falsified by mother; no credible witnesses.
Chapter 1-67:
Mother manipulated connections, planning son's downfall through marriage.
Chapter 1-68:
Mother's journey filled with horror; people fled her presence.
Chapter 1-69:
Larinum citizens support Cluentius, showing community's belief in innocence.
Chapter 1-70:
Respected neighbors and friends testify, opposing mother's accusations.
Chapter 1-71:
If convicted, Cluentius's life ruined, despite overwhelming evidence of innocence.
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Chapter 1-1:
I have been prevented from addressing this honorable assembly previously.
Chapter 1-2:
Important war threatening revenues and allies, requiring immediate attention.
Chapter 1-3:
Romans, remove the stain of Mithridates' unpunished butchery in Asia.
Chapter 1-4:
Mithridates prepared for war, seeking help from other nations.
Chapter 1-5:
Your ancestors waged wars for minor insults; act similarly.
Chapter 1-6:
Asia’s wealth and importance demand protection from all calamity.
Chapter 1-7:
Roman citizens’ fortunes in Asia must be carefully safeguarded.
Chapter 1-8:
Lucullus' achievements praise-worthy, but Mithridates still a threat.
Chapter 1-9:
Mithridates fled, leaving treasures, strengthened army, reignited war efforts.
Chapter 1-10:
This war is unavoidable and dangerous, requiring Pompey's leadership.
Chapter 1-11:
Pompey’s unparalleled valor acknowledged, spanning numerous military achievements globally.
Chapter 1-12:
Rome’s naval dominance lost; Pompey restores order, conquers pirates swiftly.
Chapter 1-13:
Pompey’s virtues: incorruptibility, moderation, affability, humanity, universal respect.
Chapter 1-14:
Pompey’s unparalleled moderation in conduct ensures swift, effective military campaigns.
Chapter 1-15:
Pompey’s authority and reputation inspire fear in enemies, loyalty allies.
Chapter 1-16:
Pompey’s rapid influence; enemies surrender, recognizing his unmatched military prowess.
Chapter 1-17:
Pompey’s readiness and presence in region bolster strategic advantage significantly.
Chapter 1-18:
Rome’s past naval dominance contrasts with current vulnerabilities against pirates.
Chapter 1-19:
Public’s preference for Pompey’s leadership outweighs previous authoritative objections significantly.
Chapter 1-20:
Ancestors’ flexibility in war: precedence for adapting leadership strategies.
Chapter 1-21:
Pompey’s unprecedented achievements justify continued leadership despite traditional norms.
Chapter 1-22:
Public support for Pompey’s command crucial for effective, honorable leadership.
Chapter 1-23:
Pompey’s moderation and integrity vital for maintaining allies’ trust.
Chapter 1-24:
Commitment to Pompey’s leadership reflects dedication to republic’s best interests.

17

 

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Chapter 1-1:
Verres openly plundered Sicily, sacred and profane, public and private.
Chapter 1-2:
Verres boasts he saved Sicily from fugitive slaves and war.
Chapter 1-3:
Sicily was distant from Italy's runaway slave war threat.
Chapter 1-4:
Previous strict regulations prevented another servile war in Sicily.
Chapter 1-5:
Verres released condemned slaves, undermining the province's security efforts.
Chapter 1-6:
Verres released dangerous slaves while imprisoning innocent Apollonius unjustly.
Chapter 1-7:
Verres extorted money from Sicilians through false accusations and threats.
Chapter 1-8:
Verres's contradictory actions proved his corruption and disregard for justice.
Chapter 1-9:
Hortensius might argue severity was needed for public safety.
Chapter 1-10:
Verres’s military command focused more on comfort than strategic efficiency.
Chapter 1-11:
Verres travels luxuriously, focusing on feasts and illicit affairs.
Chapter 1-12:
Verres stays in a tent, indulging in leisure and debauchery.
Chapter 1-13:
Verres' scandalous behavior disrupts law and order in Syracuse.
Chapter 1-14:
Cicero contrasts his conscientious service with Verres' corruption.
Chapter 1-15:
Verres transported his praetorship to Chelidon's house, prioritizing indulgence.
Chapter 1-16:
Verres ignored Valentia's plea, showing cowardice and scandalous behavior.
Chapter 1-17:
Verres mismanaged Sicily's defense against pirates, focusing on greed.
Chapter 1-18:
Verres acquired a ship through corruption, neglecting legal obligations.
Chapter 1-19:
Verres violated treaties, favoring Mam ertines for personal gain.
Chapter 1-20:
Verres' bribery undermined Rome's authority, excusing allies from duties.
Chapter 1-21:
Verres excused Mamertines from providing grain, unlike other cities.
Chapter 1-22:
Netians proved treaty similar; Verres inconsistency shows probable bribery.
Chapter 1-23:
Verres accepted ship, exempted Mamertines, compromising Sicily's defense.
Chapter 1-24:
Cities paid Verres for fleet exemption; corruption undermined defense.
Chapter 1-25:
Verres profited from sailor exemptions, compromising fleet effectiveness.
Chapter 1-26:
Verres concealed pirate captain, executed innocent Roman citizens.
Chapter 1-27:
Verres transferred pirate captain to Centuripans, avoiding public scrutiny.
Chapter 1-28:
Verres executed Roman citizens as pirates to cover theft.
Chapter 1-29:
Verres detained pirates privately, not executing real captain.
Chapter 1-30:
Verres' pirate captain in private custody risked public safety.
Chapter 1-31:
Verres lived luxuriously, neglecting fleet; indulged in daily banquets.
Chapter 1-32:
Verres appointed Cleomenes commander, ignoring Roman citizens and allies.
Chapter 1-33:
Cleomenes commanded fleet, but neglected duties, causing hunger.
Chapter 1-34:
Cleomenes fled from pirates, abandoning fleet; resulting in captures.
Chapter 1-35:
Pirates burned Roman fleet; Verres' negligence caused disaster.
Chapter 1-36:
Verres' incompetence led to chaos; pirates approached Syracuse harbor.
Chapter 1-37:
Pirates entered Syracuse harbor, revealing Verres' failure as praetor.
Chapter 1-38:
Pirates celebrated triumph; Verres' actions humiliated Roman reputation.
Chapter 1-39:
Verres manipulated captains' testimony to protect himself.
Chapter 1-40:
Verres plotted to kill captains, including Cleomenes, to eliminate witnesses.
Chapter 1-41:
Verres imprisoned naval captains, falsely accusing them of treasonous betrayal.
Chapter 1-42:
Parents pleaded for sons' lives, denied by Verres' cruelty.
Chapter 1-43:
Heraclius wrongly accused, suffered punishment despite obvious innocence.
Chapter 1-44:
Verres condemned captains without seeking advice, causing public outcry.
Chapter 1-45:
Families bribed guards for merciful executions, highlighting Verres' inhumanity.
Chapter 1-46:
Verres' executions revealed his cruel nature, unable to hide crimes.
Chapter 1-47:
Sicilians, once loyal, now fear Verres' unjust executions and cruelty.
Chapter 1-48:
Allies seek justice from court, fearing Verres' unchecked atrocities.
Chapter 1-49:
Parents mourn lost children, demand Verres' punishment for wrongful deaths.
Chapter 1-50:
Verres blamed for negligence, feasts during critical military duties.
Chapter 1-51:
Blame lies with Verres, not naval captains; multiple witnesses testify.
Chapter 1-52:
Verres' father's friendship wouldn't excuse his numerous corrupt actions.
Chapter 1-53:
Roman citizens, not just allies, suffered under Verres' cruelty.
Chapter 1-54:
Roman citizen Servilius scourged to death before Verres' tribunal.
Chapter 1-55:
Roman citizens imprisoned and mistreated in Syracuse's stone-quarries.
Chapter 1-56:
Verres plundered merchants, imprisoning them falsely as Sertorius' soldiers.
Chapter 1-57:
Merchants executed; Verres disregarded the plea, "I am a Roman."
Chapter 1-58:
Roman citizens' rights violated; Verres' actions would provoke war.
Chapter 1-59:
Verres' defense accuses him of cruelty worse than avarice.
Chapter 1-60:
Verres executed Romans with veiled heads, fearing identification.
Chapter 1-61:
Gavius, a Roman citizen, imprisoned, tortured, and crucified by Verres.
Chapter 1-62:
Verres ignored Gavius' citizenship, ordering his public crucifixion in Messana.
Chapter 1-63:
Roman citizen Gavius was tortured and crucified despite his protests.
Chapter 1-64:
Verres claimed Gavius was a spy, ignoring his Roman citizenship.
Chapter 1-65:
Citizenship should protect Romans abroad; Verres' actions undermine this principle.
Chapter 1-66:
Verres wanted Gavius crucified with a view of Italy.
Chapter 1-67:
All Roman citizens feel threatened by Verres' actions against Gavius.
Chapter 1-68:
Warning to Verres' defenders: public opinion and judgment are at stake.
Chapter 1-69:
Verdict on Verres impacts judges and future judicial reform.
Chapter 1-70:
Cicero vows to continue prosecuting corruption if Verres is acquitted.
Chapter 1-71:
Prosecution necessary due to public distrust in existing judicial system.
Chapter 1-72:
Prayers to gods for justice, hoping Verres faces deserved punishment.

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Chapter 1-1:
Clodius delayed praetorship to disrupt Republic for a full year.
Chapter 1-2:
Clodius aimed to prevent Milo's consulship by any means necessary.
Chapter 1-3:
Clodius publicly threatened Milo's life to ensure his own power.
Chapter 1-4:
Clodius ambushed Milo on his journey, planning an assassination.
Chapter 1-5:
Milo traveled with his wife and entourage, unprepared for attack.
Chapter 1-6:
Clodius' men attacked Milo; Milo's slaves defended him fiercely.
Chapter 1-7:
Milo's bravery overpowered Clodius' ambush; public interests benefitted greatly.
Chapter 1-8:
Milo defended himself from Clodius' attacks, justified by necessity.
Chapter 1-9:
Clodius sought Milo's death for political gain and power.
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