Etruscan League
? - 489 (?- 264)
| 38 - 79 (715 - 674) 49 Etruscan civilization dominates region. |
|
Kingdom of Alba Longa
416 BR - 103 (1169 - 650) 509 |
Amulius
41 BR - 1 (794 - 52) 42 |
| 30 BR (782) ^ King Numitor Rhea made Vestal Virgin |
| 31 BR (781) Princess Rhea begets Romulus & Remus by Mars |
| 0 (752) Numitor captures Remus & identifies Romulus & Remus |
| 0 (752) Coup by Romulus & Remus for vv Numitor |
Numitor
0 - 31 (752 - 22) 30 |
|
Kingdom of Sabines
? - 5 (- 748) 5 |
- Cures 26 miles from Rome
Titus Tatius
? - 5 (? - 748) ? |
|
Kingdom of Rome
1 - 244 753 - 509 244
| 1 (753) Rome founded by Romulus and Remus |
| 1 (753) Senate of 100 Men created from Patricians |
| 1 (753) 1st Legion made of 3,000 |
| 1 (753) Rome denied marraige rights by all surrounding towns |
| 2 (752) Rape of Sabine women by Romans at festival of Neptune |
2 (752) Sabines (Etruscans) attack Rome, breach gates & fight within city
|
| 2 (752) Rome & Sabines Unite & Kings Romulus & Tacius rule together. |
| 2 (752) Senate increased from 100 to 200 from Sabines |
| 2 (752) 1st Citizens assembly made "Comita Curiada" 10 Curiae for Comita Curiada to Appoint & Legislate |
| 2 (752) Constitution made with 2 Kings, Patricians & Plebians all making laws |
| 2 (752) Legion increased to 6,000 |
| 2 (752) King Tacius ambushed & killed by Lavinium & no revenge taken |
| 23 (730) Calares created by Romulus 300 personal bodyguard |
| 1 (753) Rome invades Alba Longa and kills their King |
| 3 (750) Three Cavalry Centuries Made |
| 13 (740) Rome defeats Fidenae |
| 18 (735) Rome defeats Veii in Battle & Takes land |
| 80 (673) King dissapears in Cloud while watching troops & standing with Patricians |
| 37 (716) Image of God in form of man or beast made Illegal |
| 37 (716) King disbands 300 personal bodyguard |
| 38 (715) Temple of Janus built to show peace or war |
| 100s (600s) Roman Forum built |
| 39 (714) Cult of Terminus instigated to peacefully preserve borders |
| 40 (713) Flamen of Quirinus for Jupiter office Created |
| 41 (712) Flamen of Quirinus for Mars office Created |
| 40 (713) Flamen of Quirinus for Romulus office Created |
| 42 (711) Vestal Virgins moved from Alba Longa to Rome |
| 43 (710) January & February Created |
| 44 (709) Pontiff Office Created |
| 45 (708) 8 Priest Offices Created: curiones, flamines, celeres, augurs, vestals, salii, fetials, pontiffs |
| 46 (707) Spolia Opima Ritual Created |
| 47 (706) Indigitamenta Lists Created |
| 48 (705) Occupational Guilds Created: 1 musicians, 2 goldsmiths, 3 carpenters, 4 dyers, 5 shoemakers, 6 skinners, 7 braziers, and 8 potters: and all other handicraftsmen |
|
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Locrians
| 73 (680) Locri founded by Locrians |
|
|
Etruscan League
? - 489 (- 264)
| 153 (600) Etruscans built tombs of Cerveteri. |
|
Kingdom of Alba Longa
416 BR - 103 (1169 - 650) 509 |
29 - 59 (724 - 694) 30 ?
Gaius Cluilius
59 - 103 (694 - 650) 44 |
| 78 (675) Alba Longa Amphitheater |
|
Kingdom of Rome
1 - 244 (753 - 509) 244
| 2 (651) Rome defeats Alba Longa |
| 103 (650) Ostia Antica founded |
| 103 (650) Fidenae Revolts from Rome w/ help from Veii & is defeated |
| Metius Fufetius dismembered |
103 (650) Rome destroys Alba Longa
- Sins of Rome 1954 |
| 103 (650) Caelian Mount added to city |
| 103 (650) Tullii, Servilii, Quintii, Geganii, Curiatii, Cloilii familis from Alba Longa enrolled in Senate |
| 103 (650) 10 Troops of horsemen created & augmented army |
| 108 (645) Battle of Meletiosa Wood Rome VS Sabines |
| 110 (643) Battle of Anio River Rome Vs Sabines |
| 111 (642) Sublicius Bridge Rome |
| 125 (628) Temple of Hera Selinunte Founded |
138 (641) 1st Latine War
| 138 (641) 1st Formal Declaration of War 30 day warning |
| 138 (641) Politorium Conquered & Destroyed |
| 138 (641) Tellenae Conquered & Destroyed |
| 139 (640) Ficana Conquered & Destroyed |
| 139 (640) Medulia Beseiged & Conquered. Citizens moved to Rome. |
|
| 140 (639) Janiculum incorporated into city |
| 139 (640) Battle for Silvia Arsia Rome seizes Silva Arsia from Etruscans of Veii |
| 141 (638) 1st Bridge Pons Sublicius made in Rome |
| 142 (637) 1st Prison in Rome |
| 107 (646) Laurentum Conquered by Rome |
| 144 (635) Roman Territory extended to sea |
| 137 (616) Tarquinius elected King in landslide |
| 137 (616) Exile of Ancus Marcius' sons |
| 137 (616) 100 new Senators from younger families created to make 300 |
| 138 (615) Apioli Conquered by Storm |
| 138 (615) Circus Maximus Created |
139 - 143 (614 - 10) 4 War with Sabines
| 139 (614) 1st Battle with Sabines |
| 139 (614) Double Centuries to 1,800 in 6 centuries of 300 |
| 140 (613) 2nd Battle of Feiry Bridge Rome Vs Sabines |
| 141 (612) Collatia conquered |
| 141 (612) Triumph Created |
|
142 - 47 (611 - 06) 5 Latin Cities Conquered
| 142 (611) Corniculum conquered |
| 142 (611) Old Feculium conquered |
| 143 (610) Cameria conquered |
| 144 (609) Christomeria conquered |
| 145 (608) Ameriola conquered |
| 146 (607) Medulia conquered |
| 147 (606) Nomentum conquered |
|
| 158 (596) Servius Tullius adopted by King as child |
153 (600) 1st Sewer & Drained Swamps between hills
|
| 170 (583) Statues begin to be made |
| 171 - 3 (582 - 80) 2 Juno Temple Agrigento |
| 176 (578) King assasinated in plot by Ancus Marcius' sons |
|
| 176 (578) Temple of Diana to signify Rome as Capital of Latium |
| 176 (578) Daughters of King Tulia marry sons of Tarquinius Priscus Ancus & Aruns |
| Two Royal Couples switch after Tulia kills Aruns and Lucius kills his wife & Tulia Marries Lucius |
| 182 (571) Veiintians Conquered |
| 189 (564) Vestal Virgens increased from 2 to 4 |
|
|
|
Etruscan League 
? - 489 (- 264)
- |
Kingdom of Rome
1 - 244 (753 - 509) 244
203 (550) City Walls Completed
-
Builds Mound & Moats around city.
-
Defines sacred boundary of Rome. |
| 203 (550) 1st census at Circus Maximus. 80,000 Citizens who could bare arms. 35X2=70 Tribes. |
| 203 (550) Quirinal, Viminal & Esquiline Hills added to city |
| 204 (549) Rome made Capital of Latium with Temple of Ephesian Diana funded by all cities in Latium |
| 204 (549) Graduated Tax system created. |
| 253 (550) Comita Curiada replaced by Comita Centuriada |
205 (548) Reorganizes Army
1st Class 100,000 lbs+ Copper in property. 80 Centuries, 40 Junior fight on field & 40 Senior defend city. Round Sheild, Greaves, Helmet, Spear, Sword, Mail. Had 2 Centuries of Carpenters w/out arms to work engines of war
2nd Class 75 - 100,000 lbs - 20 Centuries. No mail, Oblong Sheild.
3rd Class 50 - 75,000 lbs - 20 Centuries. 10 Senior & 10 Junior. No Greaves.
4th Class 25 - 50,000 lbs - 20 Centuries. Only had spear & Javelin
5th Class 11 - 25,000 lbs - 30 Centuries. Slings & Stones. Had 3 Centuries of Trumpeters & Hornblowers
6th Class <11,000 lbs - One Century. Except from Service |
205 (548) Reorganized Cavalry
- 1st Class: 12 Centuries Paid 10,000 lbs
- 2nd Class: 6 Centuries. Paid 10,000 lbs |
| 206 (547) Changed Voting so only knights could vote. If higher classes can't agree they bring in lower classes to break balance. Seldom happened. |
| 219 (534) King assasinated in Coup |
| 220 (533) King stops advising with Senate |
| 238 (515) Gabii annexed peacefully |
| 244 (509) Overthrow of Etruscan kings and destruction of monarchy by L. Junius Brutus. |
| 233 (520) Takes Suessa Pometia |
| 219 (534) Peace Treaty with Aequi |
| 239 (514) Seats around Circus Maximus built |
| 228 (525) Princes Aruns & Titus & King's Nephew Brutus go to Delphi to interprete King's dream |
| 239 (514) Subterranian Sewer Built |
| 241 (512) Council of Latium: Tarquin appears late & it critisized by a man who is framed for treason & executed without trial |
| 244 (509) Rape of Lucrecia by Prince Sextus at Colatinus' house. She commits suicide in front of husband & father to start the revolution |
| 244 (509) Mutiny in Ardea |
| 244 (509) Revolution whole Royal Family exiled |
|
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Republic of Rome
244 - 727 (509 - 27) 482 |
| 244 (509) Ardea of Rutulians conquered |
| 244 (509) Jupiter Optimus Maximus Temple Rome |
| 244 (509) Praetors Created |
| 244 (509) Seige of Rome by Porcena Mucius attempts to assasinate King & burns hand to show his strength & is released |
244 (509) Battle of Silva Arsia Rome vs Tarquinii, Veii
-
Brutus & Lucius kill each other.
-
Horacius burns bridge and swims accross river |
| 244 (509) Temple of Jupiter Capitolinus built on Capitoline Hill |
| 244 (509) Brutus executes 2 sons for attempted Coup |
P. Valerius Poplicola 2X
245 - 7 (508 - 7) 2 |
| 245 (508) Pontifex Maximus Created to oversee Rex Sacrorum. |
| 245 (508) Consuls residence moved from hill to streets by Publicola |
| 246 (507) Legalized murder to anyone who tries to be King |
Sp. Larcius Rufus
248 (506) |
M. Valerius Volusus
249 (505) |
| 249 (504) Claudii Migrate to Rome |
Agrippa Menenius Lanatus
251 (503) |
| 250 (503) Rome & Carthage 1st alliance |
| 250 (503) Cora Revolts from Rome unsuccessfully |
| 250 (503) Pometia Revolts from Rome unsuccessfully |
Opet. Verginius Tricostus
252 (502) |
Post. Cominius Auruncus
253 (501) |
Ser. Sulpicius Camerinus Cornutus
254 (500) |
| 253 (500) Crustumerium Conquered |
T. Aebutius Elva
255 (499) |
Q. Cloelius Siculus
256 (498) |
A. Sempronius Atratinus
257 (497) |
257 (497) Saturn Temple Rome
|
A. Postumius Albus Regillensis
258 (496) |
Appius Claudius Sabinus Inregillensis
259 (495) |
259 (495) Castor & Pollux Temple Rome
|
| 259 (495) Rome invades Volscia but they give 300 hostages for peace |
Conflict of Orders
260 - 467 (494 - 287) 207
| 266 (488)Corioli Recaptured by Volsci w/ help from Coriolanus |
| 266 (488)Lavinium Recaptured by Volsci lead by Coriolanus |
M. Fabius Vbulanus
271 - 5 (483 - 79) 4 |
| Battle of Mons Algidus Rome vs Aequi |
|
|
| 203 - 23 (550 - 30) Panionium Detail from Vucli |
| 223 (530) Apollo Temple Pompeii |
| 253 (500) Hera Temple Campania |
| 253 (500) Paestum founded |
274 - 94 (480 - 60) 20 Crotone Coin
|
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Etruscan League
? - 489 (- 264)
-
|
Republic of Rome
244 - 727 (509 - 27) 482
Patrician Era
244 - 386 (509 - 367) 142 |
300 (454) Plebs, suffering from a number of economic and financial ills, force the city’s patricians to begin the reform and codification of the law. As a first act, a three-man commission is sent to Athens to study that city's laws. |
304 (450) Decemviri:
| Decemviri add 2 plebians & 2 laws to the Tables |
305 (449) Decemviri:
| 305 (449) Appius Claudius Crassus makes Verginia a prostitute so her father kills her |
| 305 (449) Decemviri refuse to step down & are disbanded |
|
310 (444) Consular Tribunes
311 (443) Censor office created. Duties of Censor were Consular duties until this point, where consuls are replaced. |
C. Iulius Iullus
319 (435) |
L. Pinarius Mamercus & L. Furius Medullinus
322 (432) |
T. Quinctius Pennus Cincinnatus
323 (431) |
C. (or L.) Papirius Crassus (II?)
324 (430) |
Hostus Lucretius Tricipitinus
325 (429) |
A. Cornelius Cossus
326 (428) |
| Cumae in Italy falls to the Samnites, who begin to take control of the Campanian plain. |
C. Servilius Ahala
327 (427) |
Quaestorship opens to Plebs |
T. Quinctius Pennus Cincinnatus & C. Furius Pacilus Fusus
328 (426) |
Atratinus, Medullinus, Cincinnatus and Barbatus
329 (425) |
Atratinus and Ambustus
331 (423) |
Capitolinus, Mugillanus and Merenda
332 (422) |
Vibulanus and Barbatus
333 (421) |
333 (421) Number of quaestors raised from 2 to 4: office opened to plebeians |
| Cumae, the most northerly of the Greek colonies in Italy, falls to the Samnites. |
Cincinnatus and Medullinus
334(420) |
Lanatus, Rutilus, Tricipitinus and Axilla
335 (419) |
Fidenas, Axilla and Mugillanus
336 (418) |
Tricipitinus, Lanatus, Crassus (or Cicurinus) and Axilla
337 (417) |
Atratinus, Ambustus, Mugillanus and Rutilus
338 (416) |
Cossus, Vibulanus, Volusus and Cincinnatus
339 (415) |
A. Cornelius Cossus
341 (413) |
Q. Fabius Vibulanus Ambustus
342 (412) |
M. Papirius Mugillanus (or Atratinus?)
343 (411) |
M'. Aemilius Mamercinus
344 (410) |
344 - 414 (410 - 340) 70 2nd Sicilian War |
Cn. Cornelius Cossus
345 (409) |
| 346 - 60 (408 - 394) 14 Consular Tribunes: |
Iullus, Ahala and Cossus
346 (408) |
| Himera Sicily destroyed by the Carthaginians |
The Carthaginians again invade Sicily and attack Agrigentum (Acragas). Plague breaks out in their camp and Hannibal Mago dies. Himilcoassumes command and captures Agrigentum (Acragas), Gela and Camarina. Gela is destroyed and its treasures sacked. The survivors take refuge in Syracuse. The plague is carried back to Carthage by its soldiers. |
348 58 (406 - 396) 10 Seige of Veii
Augurinus, Longus, Priscus, Cicurinus, Rufus & Philo
355 (399) |
Potitus, Medullinus, Lactucinus, Fidenas, Camillus and Cornutus
356 (398) |
| Dionysius, tyrant of Syracuse, breaks his peace treaty with Carthage and strikes at Carthaginian cities in the western corner of Sicily which have been weakened by the plague. There is a massacre of Carthaginians in many of these cities. Motya, with its fine harbour, is attacked and captured. |
Himilco crosses to Sicily from Carthage with a fresh army, conquers the north coast, puts Dionysius I, the Tyrant of Syracuse, on the defensive and besieges Syracuse. However, the Carthaginian army again suffers from the plague. The Syracusans counterattack and completely defeat Himilco's army. Himilco has to escape back to Carthage. |
Iullus, Albinus, Medullinus, Maluginensis, Fidenas and Capitolinus
357 (397)
|
The Carthaginians establish the town of Lilybaeum in Sicily to replace Motya. |
Saccus, Capitolinus, Esquilinus, Augurinus, Capitolinus and Priscus
358 (396)
|
| Marcus Furius Camillus is made dictator by the Romans. |
Camillus finally destroys the Etruscan city of Veii in southern Etruria as the town falls to Roman forces after what is said to be a 10 year siege. The capture of Veii and its surrounding territories marks the first major expansion of Rome which doubles its territory after this victory. |
The Carthaginians are forced to abandon their siege of Syracuse (begun in 398 BC), but destroy Messina. Dionysius' first war with Carthage ends with a notable victory for Dionysius, who confines his enemy's power to an area of northwest Sicily. On his return home, the Carthaginian general, Himilco, commits suicide. |
|
Cossus, Medullinus, Scipio, Fidenas, Ambustus and Lactucinus
359 (395) |
| 359 (395) Labicana Road Arco di Gallieno Rome |
L. Valerius Potitus Poplicola
361 (393) |
L. Valerius Potitus Poplicola 2ndx
362 (392) |
Dionysius I of Syracuse, having increased his power over the native Sicilians (Sicels), is now attacked by a second Carthaginian expedition. He is forced to ally himself with the Sicels. The Carthaginian army, under Mago, is defeated, makes peace, and returns to Carthage. The treaty with Carthage is advantageous to Dionysius. |
Flavus, Medullinus, Camerinus, Fusus, Mamercinus and Mamercinus
363 (391) |
| 363 (391) Marcus Furius Camillus Dictator accused of making unfair distribution of Veii victory spoils. Goes into voluntary exile. |
363 (391) Quintus Fabius Ambustus and two other Fabii sent from Rome to talk with Celts but kill a leader & don't turn themselves in so Celts attack Rome |
With the aid of the Lucanians, Dionysius I of Syracuse devastates the territories of Thurii, Crotone, and Locri in mainland Italy. When Rhegiumfalls, Dionysius becomes the chief power in Greek Southern Italy. He then turns his attention to the Adriatic.
Plato is forced by Dionysius to leave Syracuse after having exercised the right of free speech too broadly. Plato returns to Athens, outside which he founds a school. |
Rome begins to rebuild after being invaded by the Gauls under Brennus. |
Marcus Furius Camillus introduces the Capitoline Games (Ludi Capitolini) in honour of Jupiter Capitolinus, and in commemoration of Rome's Capitol not being captured by the Gauls. |
Dionysius I of Syracuse extends the influence and trade of Syracuse to the Adriatic, planting a colony as far north as the Etruscan city of Hadria. |
373 (381) Tusculum Revolts
| Tusculum Annexxed After an expression of complete submission to Rome, Tusculum becomes the first "municipium cum suffragio", and thenceforth the city continues to hold the rank of a municipium. |
|
Dionysius I's third war with Carthage proves disastrous. He suffers a crushing defeat at Cronium and is forced to pay an indemnity of 1,000 talents and cede the territory west of the Halycus River to the Carthaginians. |
| Servian Wall is constructed around Rome to prevent the city from being captured or sacked |
| 354 - 79 (400 - 375) 25 Roman del Casale Bikinimaedchen |
|
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Consular Tribunes
384 - 7 (370 - 67) 3 |
Capitolinus, Medullinus, Praetextatus, Cornelius, Volusus and Poplicola
384 (370) |
Fidenas, Cicurinus, Cossus, Cornelius, Cincinnatus and Ambustus
385 (369) |
|
Conflict of Orders
386 - 467 (367 - 287) 80
| limit on the interest rate of loans |
| restriction on private ownership of land. |
Cossus, Maluginensis, Macerinus, Capitolinus, Cicurinus and Poplicola
387 (367) |
| one of the two consuls to be a plebeian |
The temple to Concordia on the Forum Romanum in Rome is built by Marcus Furius Camillus. |
Dionysius I of Syracuse dies and is succeeded as tyrant of the city by his son Dionysius II. As the younger Dionysius is weak and inexperienced, Dion, brother-in-law of the elder Dionysius, assumes control and persuades Plato, whose friendship he has acquired, to train the new tyrant in the practical application of his philosophical principles. |
| 388 (366) Plebeian Consuls created 1st Lucius Sextius Sextinus |
| Plebeians can be Censor or Dictator |
| A new magistracy is established, which is called the praetorship. Its holder, the praetor, is elected annually by the Assembly and takes charge of civil matters, thus relieving the consuls of this responsibility. The praetor is regarded as a junior colleague of the consuls. Nevertheless, the praetor can command an army, convene a Senate or an assembly, as well as exercise the consular functions. |
Two additional aediles, called curule ("higher") aediles, are created in the Roman hierarchy. These are at first patricians; but those of the next year are plebeians and so on year by year alternately. They are elected in the assembly of the tribes, with the consul presiding.
|
The experiment by Dion (brother-in-law of Dionysius I) and Plato to educate the new ruler of Syracuse, Dionysius II, in the practical application of Plato's philosophical principles fails and Dion and Plato are banished from Syracuse. |
Etruscan actors stage the first theatrical performances in Rome. |
Plato returns once more to Syracuse to teach the young Syracusan tyrant Dionysius II. He fails to reconcile the tyrant to Dion, who Dionysius II banished in 366 BC. Because of this, Plato is forced to flee Syracuse to save his life. |
| The Gauls again reach the gates of Rome, but are beaten back |
The Romans defeat the Volsci, annex most of their territory, and settle it with Roman colonists. The Romans also force the Latin League to renew its close alliance with Rome, an alliance which was weakened by Rome’s defeat at the hands of the Gauls in 390 BC. |
The brother-in-law of Dionysius I, Dion, exiled from Syracuse in 366 BC by Dionysius II, assembles a force of 1,500 mercenaries at Zacynthusand sails to Sicily. Dion wrests power from the weak Dionysius II, who is exiled and flees to Locri. |
A plebeian is chosen for the first time as a dictator in Rome. |
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|
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Kingdom of Syracuse
20 - 542 (734 - 212) 522
Tyrants
263 - 542 (491 - 212) 279 |
329 (424) Sicily withdraws from war & expels every foreign power. Thus, Athens is forced to withdraw from island.
|
348 (406) Carthaginians once again invade Sicily & return to Carthage with spoils of war, but also with plague. |
Dionysius 1, Elder X65
349 - 87 (405 - 367) 38 |
Dionysius 2, Younger
387 - 97 (367 - 57) 10 |
Dion
397 - 400 (357 - 4) 3 |
Calippus
400 - 2 (354 - 2) 2 |
Hipparinus
402 - 3 (352 - 1) 1 |
Aretaeus
402 - 4 (352 - 50) 2 |
Nysaeos
404 - 8 (350 - 46) 4 |
Dionysius 2, Younger restored
408 - 12 (346 - 4) 2 |
Timoleon
411 - 9 (345 - 37) 8 |
Oligarchy
409 - 29 (337 - 17) 20 |
Agathocles of Syracuse
429 - 65 (317 - 289) 28 |
|
|
Etruscan League
? - 489 (- 264) |
| 474 (280) Italy dell'Abbadia Bridge Etruscans |
|
Republic of Rome
244 - 727 (509 - 27) 482
Conflict of Orders
260 - 467 (494 - 287) 207
400 (354) Rome itself with Samnites and they agree on a mutual defence pact against the Gauls. Rome also defeats the Etruscans of the city of Caere. |
403 (351) Etruscans are badly defeated by the Romans and abandon their attacks on the city and sue for peace. |
403 (351) Pilum 1st use heavy throwing spear against Gauls |
406 (348) Rome & Carthage trade agreement under which Carthage will not attack those Latin states which are faithful to Rome. This agreement demonstrates that Rome is now the dominant power in the Latin League. |
407 (347) Coinage is introduced into Rome for the first time. |
| 411 (343) Lucanians & Bruttians, invade colonies including Tarentum. Responding to calls for help from these former Greek colonies, King Archidamus III of Sparta sets sail with a band of mercenaries for Italy. |
411 - 3 (343 - 1) 2 1st Samnite War Rome withdraws from conflict with Samnites
Q. Servilius Ahala 3rdx
412 (342) |
412 (342) 2nd Law passed, disallowing any man from holding two offices at once. |
C. Plautius Venno (or Venox) 2ndx
413 (341) |
|
T. Manlius Imperiosus Torquatus 3rdx
414 (340) |
Ti. Aemilius Mamercinus
415 (339) |
415 (339) Law passed (the lex Publilia) which requires election of one Plebeian censor for each five year term. |
| 415 (339) Battle of Trifanum Roman consul Titus Manlius Imperiosus Torquatus defeats the Latins |
L. Furius Camillus
416 (338) |
416 (338) With the fall of their chief city, Antium, to the Romans, the Volsci finally abandon their resistance against the Romans and accept an alliance with Rome. |
C. Sulpicius Longus
417 (337) |
417 (337) 1st Pleibian Praetor Elected Q. Publilius Philo |
L. Papirius Crassus
418 (336) |
M. Atilius Regulus Calenus 4thx
419 (335) |
419 (335) Cales (modern Calvi), a city in Campania, is taken by the Romans and a Roman colony is established there. |
420 (334) Alexander of Epirus, at the request of colony of Taras (Tarentum) crosses over into Italy, to aid them against the Lucanians and Bruttii. He wins victories over the Italian Samnite tribes. |
Dictator: P. Cornelius Rufinus
421 (333) |
Cn. Domitius Calvinus
422 (332) |
After a victory over the Samnites and Lucanians near Paestum, Alexander of Epirus makes a treaty with the Romans. |
C. Valerius Potitus
423 (331) |
423 (331) Alexander of Epirus takes Heraclea from the Lucanians, and Terina and Sipontum from the Bruttii. |
423 (331) Tarentum turn against Alexander of Epirus when they realize that he intends to create a kingdom of his own in southern Italy. Alexander is defeated and killed in the Battle of Pandosia on the banks of the Acheron. |
423 (331) Gallic tribe of the Senones and the Romans conclude a peace and enter upon a period of friendly relations which lasts the rest of the century. |
L. Papirius Crassus 2ndx
424 (330) |
| 424 (330) Fondi and Privernum, led by Vitruvius Vaccus, launch a failed revolt against Rome. |
L. Aemilius Mamercinus Privernas 2ndx
425 (329) |
P. Plautius Proculus
426 (328) |
L. Cornelius Lentulus
427 (327) |
427 - 450 (327 - 04) 23 2nd Samnite War
| 428 (326) Samnites declare war on Rome. |
| Romans allies with people north of Samnium and Apulians to the southeast |
| 427 (327) Samnites capture Neapolis then Rome evicts them & makes them an allie |
C. Poetelius Libo Visolus 3rdx
428 (326) |
L. Furius Camillus 2ndx
429 (325) |
430 (324) Dictator: L. Papirius Cursor
|
C. Sulpicius Longus 2ndx
431 (323) |
Q. Fabius Maximus Rullianus
432 (322) |
T. Veturius Calvinus 2ndx
433 (321) |
| 433 (321) Samnites attempt peace but Rome is too stringent war goes on |
L. Papirius Cursor 2ndx
434 (320) |
L. Papirius Cursor 3rdx
435 (319) |
M. Folius Flaccinator
436 (318) |
C. Iunius Bubulcus Brutus
437 (317) |
Sp. Nautius Rutilus
438 (316) |
L. Papirius Cursor 4thx
439 (315) |
439 - 47 (315 - 07) 8 3rd Sicilian War
| Campania is on the verge of deserting Rome. |
| Peace is established between Rome and some Samnite towns. |
L. Papirius Cursor 5
441 (313)
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M. Valerius Maximus Corvus
442 (312) |
| 442 (312) Appian Road Brindisi Colonna end |
| 442 (312) Lazio - Via Appia Antica |
442 (312) 1st Roman military road "Appian Way" 350 mile long to Capua |
| Censor Appius distributes of landless citizens of Rome into tribes |
| Censor Appius admits sons of freedmen into Roman Senate |
C. Iunius Bubulcus Brutus 3rdx
443 (311) |
Q. Fabius Maximus Rullianus 2ndx
444 (310) |
| Battle of Longula Rome vs Samnites |
| Revolt Rome vs Umbrians, Picentini, and Marsians |
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446 - 50 (308 - 4) 4 2nd Samnite war escalates when Umbrians, Picentini, & Marsians join war- against Rome. Rome establishes many new colonies & gains control over much of central & southern Italy.
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| Treaty Rome & Samnites Rome gains no territory, but Samnites renounce hegemony over Campania. |
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Tarentum vs Lucanians Tarentum seeks help from Spartan general, Cleonymus who pacifies Lucanians with help from Romans |
M. Fulvius Paetinus
455 (299) |
456 - 64 (298 - 90) 8 3rd Samnite War Samnites, seizing their chance when Rome is engaged on Lombard plain, start third Samnite War with a collection of mercenaries from Gaul & Sabine & Etruscan allies to help them.
L. Cornelius Scipio Barbatus
456 (298) |
456 (298) Samnite cities 1 Taurasia, 2 Bovianum Vetus & 3 Aufidena captured by Rome |
456 (298) Agathocles, king of Syracuse, assists Italian Greeks against Bruttians & supported Greeks against Romans |
456 (298) Ptolemy gives his stepdaughter Theoxena in marriage to Agathocles, tyrant of Syracuse (in south-eastern Sicily). |
| 458 (296) Bellona Temple Rome |
459 (295) Suasa Founded
| 459 (295) Suasa Amphitheater |
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| 460 (294) Rusellae Amphitheater Captured by Romans |
461 (293) Time 1st divided into hours by a sundial of L. Papirius, Cursor at Rome. |
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M. Valerius Maximus Corvus
465 (289) |
Q. Marcius Tremulus
466 (288) |
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Supremacy of New Nobility
467 - 621 (287 - 133) 154
M. Valerius Maximus
468 (286) |
| 468 (286) di Porta Cappuccina Bridge Becomes Fedrated City in Rome |
| 468 (286) Tiburtina Bridge Lucano 1850 |
C. Claudius Canina
469 (285) |
P. Cornelius Dolabella
471 (283) |
C. Fabricius Luscinus
472 (282) |
L. Aemilius Barbula
473 (281) |
P. Valerius Laevinus
474 (280) |
474 - 82 (280 - 72) 8 Pyrrhic War Pyrrhus lands army in Italy. Beginning of the.Pyrrhus withdraws to Epirus, end of Pyrrhic War. King Pyrrhus of Epirus invades Italy in an attempt to subjugate Romans & bring Italy under a new empire ruled by himself.
P. Sulpicius Saverrio
475 (279) |
C. Fabricius Luscinus 2ndx
476 (278) |
P. Cornelius Rufinus 2
477 (277) |
Q. Fabius Maximus Gurges 2ndx
478 (276) |
M'. Curius Dentatus 2ndx
479 (275) |
C. Fabius Licinus
481 (273) |
| 281 (273) Paestum Amphitheater City Founded |
L. Papirius Cursor 2ndx
482 (272) |
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K. Quinctius Claudus
483 (271) |
C. Genucius Clepsina
484 (270) |
Q. Ogulnius Gallus
485 (269) |
P. Sempronius Sophus
486 (268) |
M. Atilius Regulus
487 (267) |
487 (267) Number of quaestors raised from 4 to 6 |
Q. Fabius Maximus Gurges
489 (265) |
M'. Valerius Maximus Mesalla
491 (263) |
| 491 (263) Catăna Amphitheater Catĭna Becomes Roman |
L. Postumius Megellus
492 (262) |
L. Valerius Flaccus
493 (261) |
Cn. Cornelius Scipio Asina
494 (260) |
| 494 (260) Segesta Conquered |
494 (260) 1st Roman fleet built |
L. Cornelius Scipio
495 (259) |
A. Atilius Calatinus
496 (258) |
C. Atilius Regulus
497 (257) |
L. Manlius Vulso Longus
498 (256) |
Ser. Fulvius Paetinus Nobilior
499 (255) |
| Storm disaster off Camarina 270 ships & 100,000 men lost. Greatest single loss in history. |
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Samnite Confederation
444 - 64 (310 - 290) 20? |
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| 542 (212) Syracuse Amphitheater Conquered by Rome |
| 504 (250) Lupiae Amphitheater Lecce |
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