| - Realism & Romanticism of early 19th century gave way to Impressionism & Post-Impressionism in later half of century, with Paris being dominant art capital of world. In United States Hudson River School was prominent. 19th century painters included: |
| - On literary front new century opens with romanticism, a movement that spread throughout Europe in reaction to 18th-century rationalism, & it develops more or less along lines of Industrial Revolution, with a design to react against dramatic changes wrought on nature by steam engine & railway. William Wordsworth & Samuel Taylor Coleridge are considered initiators of new school in England, while in continent German Sturm und Drang spreads its influence as far as Italy & Spain. |
| - French arts had been hampered by Napoleonic Wars but subsequently developed rapidly. Modernism began. |
| - Goncourts & Emile Zola in France & Giovanni Verga in Italy produce some of finest naturalist novels. Italian naturalist novels are especially important in that they give a social map of new unified Italy to a people that until then had been scarcely aware of its ethnic & cultural diversity. On February 21, 1848, Karl Marx & Friedrich Engels published Communist Manifesto. |
| - There was a huge literary output during 19th century. Some of most famous writers included Russians Leo Tolstoy, Anton Chekhov & Fyodor Dostoevsky; English Charles Dickens, John Keats, Alfred, Lord Tennyson & Jane Austen; Scottish Sir Walter Scott; Irish Oscar Wilde; Americans Edgar Allan Poe, Ralph Waldo Emerson, & Mark Twain; & French Victor Hugo, Honoré de Balzac, Jules Verne & Charles Baudelaire. Some other important writers of note included: |
| - Sonata form matured during Classical era to become primary form of instrumental compositions throughout 19th century. Much of music from 19th century was referred to as being in Romantic style. Many great composers lived through this era such as Ludwig van Beethoven, Franz Liszt, Frédéric Chopin, Piotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky & Richard Wagner. list includes: |
| - 19th century saw birth of science as a profession; term scientist was coined in 1833 by William Whewell.[9] Among most influential ideas of 19th century were those of Charles Darwin, who in 1859 published book Origin of Species, which introduced idea of evolution by natural selection. Louis Pasteur made first vaccine against rabies, & also made many discoveries in field of chemistry, including asymmetry of crystals. Thomas Alva Edison gave world a practical everyday lightbulb. Karl Weierstrass & other mathematicians also carried out arithmetization of analysis for functions of real & complex variables; they also began use of hypercomplex numbers. But most important step in science at this time was ideas formulated by Michael Faraday & James Clerk Maxwell. Their work changed face of physics & made possible for new technology to come about. Other important 19th century scientists included: |
| - Jack Ripper, serial killer whose identity remains unknown. |
| - 1821 - 1889 78 Churchill Babington, English. Archaeology |
| - 1832 - 1917 85 Edward Burnett Tylor, English Anthropology |
| - 1846 - 96 50 Karl Verner, Danish Linguist |
| - 1872 - 1928 56 Roald Amundsen, Norwegian explorer |
| - 1821 - 93 72 Samuel Baker, British explorer |
| - 1820 - 75 55 Thomas Baines, artist, British explorer |
| - 1825 - 92 67 Henry Walter Bates, naturalist, English explorer |
| - 1832 - 1922 90 Sir John Kirk, Scottish explorer, physician, companion of David Livingston |
| - 1817 - 1911 94 Sir Joseph Dalton Hooker, British botanist, explorer, friend of Charles Darwin |
| - 1785 - 1865 80 Sir William Jackson Hooker, English botanist, explorer, father of Sir Joseph Dalton Hooker |
| - 1813 - 73 60 David Livingstone, Scottish missionary |
| - 1851 - 1917 66 Frederick Selous, British explorer |
| - 1827 - 64 37 John Hanning Speke, British explorer |
| - 1841 - 1904 63 Henry M. Stanley, journalist, Welsh explorer |
| - 1830 - 1904 74 Eadweard Muybridge, English pioneer motion photographer, chronophotographer |
| - 1800 - 77 77 William Fox Talbot, British inventor of negative / positive photographic process. |
| - 1757 - 1827 60 William Blake English |
| - 1776 - 1837 61 John Constable English |
| - 1775 - 1851 76 Joseph Mallord William Turner England |
| - 1834 - 1903 69 James Abbott McNeill Whistler American-British |
| - 1805 - 75 70 Hans Christian Andersen Denmark |
| - 1775 - 1817 42 Jane Austen England |
| - 1806 - 61 55 Elizabeth Barret Browning England |
| - 1820 - 49 29 Anne Brontë Yorkshire, England |
| - 1816 - 55 39 Charlotte Brontë Yorkshire, England |
| - 1818 - 48 30 Emily Brontë English |
| - 1863 - 1944 81 Edvard Munch Norwegian |
| - 1843 - 1907 64 Edvard Grieg Nowegian |
| - 1836 - 1911 75 Gilbert & 1842 - 1900 58 Sullivan England |
| - 1788 - 1824 36 Lord Byron English |
| - 1772 - 1834 62 Samuel Taylor Coleridge English |
| - 1812 - 70 58 Charles Dickens English |
| - 1859 - 1930 71 Arthur Conan Doyle Scottish |
| - 1819 - 80 59 George Eliot English |
| - 1810 - 65 55 Elizabeth Gaskell British |
| - 1856 - 1925 69 Henry Rider Haggard England |
| - 1840 - 1928 88 Thomas Hardy England |
| - 1828 - 1906 78 Henrik Ibsen Norway |
| - 1795 - 1821 26 John Keats English |
| - 1819 - 1900 81 John Ruskin English |
| - 1804 - 76 72 George Sand (Amandine-Aurore-Lucile Dupin) England |
| - 1797 - 1851 54 Mary Shelley England |
| - 1792 - 1822 30 Percy Shelley England |
| - 1850 - 94 44 Robert Louis Stevenson Scottish |
| - 1847 - 1912 65 Bram Stoker Irish |
| - 1809 - 92 83 Alfred, Lord Tennyson England |
| - 1866 - 1946 80 HG Wells English |
| - 1854 - 1900 46 Oscar Wilde English |
| - 1770 - 1850 80 William Wordsworth English |
| - 1791 - 1867 76 Michael Faraday, scientist English |
| - 1805 - 65 60 William Rowan Hamilton, Irish physicist & mathematician |
| - 1850 - 1925 75 Oliver Heaviside, English electrical engineer, physical mathematician |
| - 1831 - 79 48 James Clerk Maxwell, Scottish physicist |
| - 1833 - 96 63 Alfred Nobel, Swedish chemist, engineer, inventor |
| - 1824 - 1907 83 William Thomson, Lord Kelvin, Scottish physicist |
| - 1829 - 1912 83 William Booth, British social reformer, founder of Salvation Army |
| - 1813 - 55 42 Søren Kierkegaard, Danish philosopher |
| - 1806 - 73 67 John Stuart Mill, British philosopher |
| - 1834 - 96 62 William Morris, English social reformer |
| - 1804 - 81 77 Benjamin Disraeli, British novelist & politician |
| - 1809 - 98 89 William Ewart Gladstone, British prime minister |
| - 1775 - 1860 85 Thomas Cochrane British |
| - 1853 - 1902 49 Cecil Rhodes English-South African |
| - 1769 - 1852 83 Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington, British General & prime minister |
| - 1814 - 74 60 Charles Étienne Brasseur de Bourbourg, French Archaeology |
| - 1814 - 82 68 Jules Etienne Joseph Quicherat, French Archaeology |
| - 1821 - 65 44 Heinrich Barth, German explorer |
| - 1846 - 1907 61 Ottomar Anschütz, German chronophotographer |
| - 1787 - 1951 64 Louis Daguerre, French inventor of daguerreotype process of photography, chemist |
| - 1804 - 79 75 Hércules Florence, French-Brazilian pioneer inventor of photography |
| - 1862 - 1954 92 Auguste & Louis Lumière, French pioneer filmmakers, inventors |
| - 1830 - 1904 74 Étienne-Jules Marey, Frech pioneer motion photographer, chronophotographer |
| - 1820 - 1910 90 Nadar aka Gaspard-Félix Tournachon, French portrait photographer |
| - 1765 - 1833 68 Nicéphore Niépce, French pioneer inventor of photography |
| - 1842 - 90 48 Louis Le Prince, French motion picture inventor & pioneer filmmaker |
| - 1827 - 1901 74 Arnold Bocklin Swiss |
| - 1864 - 1943 79 Camille Claudel French |
| - 1839 - 1906 67 Paul Cézanne French |
| - 1796 - 1875 79 Camille Corot French |
| - 1836 - 1902 68 James Tissot French |
| - 1819 - 77 58 Gustave Courbet French |
| - 1808 - 79 71 Honoré Daumier French |
| - 1834 - 1917 83 Edgar Degas French |
| - 1798 - 1863 65 Eugène Delacroix French |
| - 1774 - 1840 66 Caspar David Friedrich German |
| - 1848 - 1903 55 Paul Gauguin French |
| - 1791 - 1824 33 Théodore Géricault French |
| - 1853 - 90 37 Vincent van Gogh Netherlands |
| - 1780 - 1867 87 Jean Auguste Dominique Ingres French |
| - 1832 - 83 51 Édouard Manet French |
| - 1840 - 1926 86 Claude Monet French |
| - 1826 - 98 72 Gustave Moreau French |
| - 1841 - 95 54 Berthe Morisot French |
| - 1830 - 1903 73 Camille Pissarro French |
| - 1841 - 1919 78 Pierre-Auguste Renoir French |
| - 1840 - 1917 77 Auguste Rodin French |
| - 1859 - 91 32 Georges Seurat French |
| - 1864 - 1901 37 Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec French |
| - 1770 - 1827 57 Ludwig van Beethoven German |
| - 1803 - 69 66 Hector Berlioz French |
| - 1838 - 75 37 Georges Bizet French |
| - 1833 - 97 64 Johannes Brahms German |
| - 1824 - 97 73 Anton Bruckner Austrian |
| - 1810 - 49 39 Frédéric Chopin French-Polish |
| - 1862 - 1918 56 Claude Debussy French |
| - 1860 - 1911 51 Gustav Mahler Austrian |
| - 1835 - 1921 86 Camille Saint-Saëns French |
| - 1797 - 1828 31 Franz Schubert Austrian |
| - 1810 - 56 46 Robert Schumann German |
| - 1809 - 47 38 Felix Mendelssohn German |
| - 1819 - 80 61 Jacques Offenbach German |
| - 1813 - 83 70 Richard Wagner German |
| - 1813 - 37 24 Georg Büchner Germany |
| - 1768 - 1848 80 François-René de Chateaubriand French |
| - 1820 - 87 67 Eduard Douwes Dekker Netherlands |
| - 1821 - 80 59 Gustave Flaubert French |
| - 1802 - 70 68 Alexandre Dumas, père France |
| - 1749 - 1832 83 Johann Wolfgang von Goethe German |
| - 1785 - 1863 78 & 1786 - 1859 73 Brothers Grimm German |
| - 1805 - 80 75 Ida Gräfin Hahn-Hahn Germany |
| - 1770 - 1843 73 Friedrich Hölderlin German |
| - 1797 - 1856 59 Heinrich Heine German |
| - 1860 - 87 27 Jules Laforgue French-Uruguayan |
| - 1842 - 98 56 Stéphane Mallarmé French |
| - 1844 - 1900 56 Friedrich Nietzsche Germany |
| - 1871 - 1922 51 Marcel Proust French |
| - 1810 - 74 64 Fritz Reuter Germany |
| - 1851 - 91 40 Arthur Rimbaud French |
| - 1783 - 1842 39 Stendhal (Marie-Henri Beyle) France |
| - 1844 - 96 52 Paul Verlaine French |
| - 1828 - 1905 77 Jules Verne French |
| - 1840 - 1902 62 Émile Zola French |
| - 1825 - 98 73 Johann Jakob Balmer, mathematician, physicist Swiss |
| - 1852 - 1908 56 Henri Becquerel, physicist French |
| - 1844 - 1906 62 Ludwig Boltzmann, physicist Austrian |
| - 1809 - 52 43 Louis Braille, inventor of braille France |
| - 1811 - 99 88 Robert Bunsen, chemist German |
| - 1867 - 1934 67 Marie Curie, physicist, chemist Polish-French |
| - 1859 - 1906 47 Pierre Curie, physicist French |
| - 1834 - 1900 66 Gottlieb Daimler, engineer, industrial designer & industrialist German |
| - 1803 - 53 50 Christian Doppler, physicist, mathematician Austrian. |
| - 1819 - 68 49 Léon Foucault, physicist French |
| - 1848 - 1925 77 Gottlob Frege, mathematician, logician & philosopher German |
| - 1856 - 1939 83 Sigmund Freud, father of psychoanalysis Austrian |
| - 1777 - 1855 78 Carl Friedrich Gauss, mathematician, physicist, astronomer German |
| - 1834 - 1919 85 Ernst Haeckel, German biologist |
| - 1857 - 94 37 Heinrich Hertz, German physicist |
| - 1769 - 1859 90 Alexander von Humboldt, German naturalist, explorer |
| - 1843 - 1910 67 Robert Koch, German physician, bacteriologist |
| - 1803 - 73 70 Justus von Liebig, German chemist |
| - 1846 - 1929 83 Wilhelm Maybach, German car-engine & automobile designer & industrialist |
| - 1822 - 84 62 Gregor Mendel, Austrian biologist |
| - 1822 - 95 73 Louis Pasteur, French microbiologist & chemist |
| - 1826 - 66 40 Bernhard Riemann, German mathematician |
| - 1798 - 1957 59 Auguste Comte, French philosopher |
| - 1820 - 95 75 Friedrich Engels, German political philosopher |
| - 1770 - 1831 61 Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel, German philosopher |
| - 1804 - 69 65 Allan Kardec, French sistematizer of Spiritist Doctrine |
| - 1818 - 83 65 Karl Marx, German political philosopher |
| - 1844 - 1900 66 Friedrich Nietzsche, German philosopher |
| - 1760 - 1825 65 Claude Henri de Rouvroy, Comte de Saint-Simon, founder of French socialism |
| - 1788 - 1860 72 Arthur Schopenhauer, German philosopher |
| - 1815 - 98 83 Otto von Bismarck, German chancellor |
| - 1759 - 1820 61 Joseph Fouché, French politician |
| - 1860 - 1904 44 Theodor Herzl, Austrian founder of modern political Zionism |
| - 1773 - 1859 76 Klemens von Metternich, Austrian Chancellor |
| - 1754 - 1838 84 Charles Maurice de Talleyrand, French politician |
| - 1782 - 1840 58 Niccolò Paganini Italian |
| - 1750 - 1825 75 Antonio Salieri Venice, Italy |
| - 1813 - 1901 88 Giuseppe Verdi Italian |
| - 1852 - 1901 49 Leopoldo Alas Spain |
| - 1836 - 70 34 Gustavo Adolfo Bécquer Spanish |
| - 1837 - 85 48 Rosalía de Castro Spain |
| - 1798 - 1837 39 Giacomo Leopardi Italy |
| - 1785 - 1873 88 Alessandro Manzoni Italian |
| - 1817 - 93 76 José Zorrilla Spanish |
| - 1776 - 1856 80 Amedeo Avogadro, physicist Italian |
| - 1852 - 1934 62 Santiago Ramón y Cajal, Spanish biologist |
| - 1807 - 82 75 Giuseppe Garibaldi, unifier of Italy & Piedmontese soldier |
| - 1846 - 88 42 Nicholai Miklukho-Maklai, Ukrainian-Russian Anthropology |
| - 1839 - 88 49 Nikolai Przhevalsky, Russian explorer |
| - 1833 - 87 54 Alexander Borodin Russian |
| - 1841 - 1904 63 Antonín Dvořák Czech |
| - 1839 - 81 42 Modest Mussorgsky Russian |
| - 1840 - 93 53 Piotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky Russian |
| - 1809 - 52 43 Nikolai Gogol Ukrainian-Russian |
| - 1799 - 1837 38 Aleksandr Pushkin Russian |
| - 1828 - 1920 92 Leo Tolstoy Russian |
| - 1802 - 60 58 János Bolyai, mathematician Hungarian |
| - 1792 - 1856 64 Nikolai Lobachevsky, Russian mathematician |
| - 1834 - 1907 73 Dmitri Mendeleev, Russian chemist |
| - 1814 - 76 62 Mikhail Bakunin, Russian anarchist |
| - 1791 - 1860 69 István Széchenyi, aristocrat, leader of Hungarian reform movement |
| - 1811 - 86 75 Franz Liszt Hungarian |
| - 1836 - 1912 76 Nikolai (Nicholas) of Japan, Russian religious leader, introduced Eastern Orthodoxy into Japan |
| - 1802 - 94 92 Lajos Kossuth, Hungarian governor; leader of war of independence |
| - 1817 - 92 75 Bahá'u'lláh founded Bahá'í Faith in Persia Iraq |
| - 1835 - 1908 73 Mirza Ghulam Ahmad founded Ahmadiyya Islamic movement in India. |
| - 1836 - 86 50 Ramakrishna Paramahamsa, Indian Hindu mystic |
| - 1810 - 51 41 Ayya Vaikundar, Indian initiator of belief system of Ayyavazhi |
| - 1797 - 1858 61 Ando Hiroshige Japan |
| - 1760 - 1849 89 Hokusai Japan |
| - 1839 - 92 53 Tsukioka Yoshitoshi Japanese |
| - 1814 - 64 50 Hong Xiuquan, Chinese revolutionary, self-proclaimed Son of God |
| - 1837 - 1913 76 Tokugawa Yoshinobu, Japanese Shogun (The Last Shogun) |
| - 1850 - 96 46 Marcelo H. del Pilar, Philipino writer, journalist, editor of La Solidaridad. |
| - 1815 - 66 51 John McDouall Stuart, Australian explorer |
| - 1838 - 65 27 John Wilkes Booth, assassin |
| - 1859 - 81 21 William Bonney aka Henry McCarty aka Billy Kid, Wild West, outlaw |
| - 1796 - 1836 40 James Bowie, Soldier, Texan who died at Alamo, invented Bowie knife |
| - 1804 - 81 77 Jim Bridger, Wild West, Mountain man |
| - 1800 - 59 59 John Brown, a fanatical abolitionist who led an armed insurrection at Harpers Ferry, Virginia, in 1859. |
| - 1809 - 68 59 Kit Carson, Wild West, frontiersman |
| - 1805 - 74 69 Cochise, Chiricahua Apache leader |
| - 1839 - 76 37 George Armstrong Custer, soldier, whose last stand was in Wild West |
| - 1848 - 1929 81 Wyatt Earp, Wild West, lawman |
| - 1850 - 1908 58 Pat Garrett, Wild West, lawman |
| - 1841 - 82 41 Charles J. Guiteau, American assassin |
| - 1829 - 1909 80 Geronimo, Chiricahua Apache leader |
| - 1837 - 76 39 Wild Bill Hickock, Legendary Wild West, lawman |
| - 1851 - 87 36 Doc Holliday, Legendary Wild West, gambler, gunfighter |
| - 1840 - 77 37 Crazy Horse, War leader of Lakota |
| - 1843 - 1915 62 Frank James, Wild West, outlaw, older brother of Jesse |
| - 1847 - 82 35 Jesse James, Legendary Wild West, outlaw |
| - 1852 - 1903 51 Calamity Jane, Frontierswoman |
| - 1819 - 84 65 Allan Pinkerton, spy, founded Pinkerton Agency, first detective agency in United States |
| - 1853 - 1921 68 Bat Masterson, Wild West, lawman, gambler, newspaperman |
| - 1821 - 55 34 William Poole aka Bill Butcher, member of New York City gang, Bowery Boys, a bare-knuckle boxer, & a leader of Know Nothing political movement. |
| - 1848 - 89 41 Belle Starr Legendary Wild West, female outlaw |
| - 1800 - 31 31 Nat Turner, led a slave rebellion in Southampton County, Virginia during August 1831. |
| - 1840 - 1914 74 Adolph Francis Alphonse Bandelier, American Archaeology |
| - 1858 - 1942 84 Franz Boas, German-American Anthropology |
| - 1874 - 1927 53 Louis Agassiz Fuertes, American Ornithology |
| - 1849 - 1938 89 George Bird Grinnell, American Anthropology |
| - 1823 - 1901 78 Joseph LeConte, Scholar, American preservationist |
| - 1855 - 1942 87 Clinton Hart Merriam, American Zoology |
| - 1818 - 81 63 Lewis H. Morgan, American Anthropology |
| - 1850 - 1929 89 Robert Ridgway, American Ornithology |
| - 1804 - 81 77 Jim Bridger, American explorer |
| - 1821 - 90 69 Richard Francis Burton, American explorer |
| - Lewis&Clark expedition, exploration |
| - 1853 - 1935 82 Frederick Samuel Dellenbaugh, American explorer |
| - 1853 - 1935 82 Percy Fawcett, American adventurer, explorer, proto-Indiana Jones |
| - 1811 - 72 63 Horace Greeley, American journalist |
| - 1808 - 56 48 Peter Jones (missionary), Canadian Methodist minister, & go-between between Christians & his fellow Mississaugas & other Indian tribes. |
| - 1788 - 1850 72 Adoniram Judson, American missionary |
| - 1774 - 1809 35 Meriwether Lewis, American explorer |
| - 1840 - 1902 62 Thomas Nast, German-American journalist, caricaturist & editorial cartoonist |
| - 1856 - 1920 64 Robert Peary, American explorer |
| - 1813 - 95 82 John L. O'Sullivan, American journalist who coined Manifest Destiny |
| - 1822 - 96 78 Mathew Brady, documented American Civil War |
| - 1868 - 1952 84 Edward S. Curtis, documented American West notably Native Americans |
| - 1844 - 1916 72 Thomas Eakins, American pioneer motion photographer |
| - 1854 - 1932 78 George Eastman, American inventor of roll of film |
| - 1830 - 1902 72 Albert Bierstadt German-American |
| - 1844 - 1926 82 Mary Cassatt American |
| - 1826 - 1900 74 Frederic Edwin Church American |
| - 1801 - 48 47 Thomas Cole American |
| - 1844 - 1916 72 Thomas Eakins American |
| - 1836 - 1910 74 Winslow Homer American |
| - 1847 - 1915 68 Albert Pinkham Ryder American |
| - 1856 - 1925 69 John Singer Sargent American |
| - 1867 - 1917 50 Scott Joplin American |
| - 1851 - 1904 53 Kate Chopin American |
| - 1789 - 1851 62 James Fenimore Cooper American |
| - 1871 - 1900 29 Stephen Crane American |
| - 1830 - 86 56 Emily Dickinson American |
| - 1803 - 82 79 Ralph Waldo Emerson American |
| - 1810 - 50 40 Margaret Fuller American |
| - 1836 - 1902 66 Francis Bret Harte American |
| - 1804 - 64 60 Nathaniel Hawthorne American |
| - 1783 - 1859 76 Washington Irving American |
| - 1843 - 1916 73 Henry James American-English |
| - 1801 - 64 63 Caroline Kirkland American |
| - 1811 - 96 85 Harriet Beecher Stowe American |
| - 1817 - 62 45 Henry David Thoreau American |
| - 1835 - 1910 75 Mark Twain American |
| - 1827 - 1905 78 Lew Wallace American |
| - 1819 - 92 73 Walt Whitman American |
| - 1847 - 1931 84 Thomas Edison, inventor American |
| - 1839 - 1903 64 Josiah Willard Gibbs, American physicist |
| - 1827 - 1915 88 Ellen White American religious author & co-founder of Seventh-day Adventist Church |
| - 1820 - 1906 86 Susan B. Anthony, U.S. women's rights advocate |
| - 1782 - 1850 78 John C. Calhoun, U.S. senator |
| - 1777 - 1852 75 Henry Clay, U.S. statesman, "The Great Compromiser" |
| - 1808 - 89 81 Jefferson Davis, President of Confederate States of America just before & during American Civil War. |
| - 1819 - 91 72 Herman Melville America |
| - 1847 - 1922 75 Alexander Graham Bell, Scottish-Canadian inventor |
| - 1856 - 1944 88 William Emerson Ritter, American biologist |
| - 1856 - 1943 87 Nikola Tesla, inventor |
| - 1821 - 1910 89 Mary Baker Eddy, American religious leader, founder of Christian Science |
| - 1824 - 93 69 Leland Stanford, Governor of California, U.S. Senator, entrepreneur |
| - 1814 - 73 59 Gertrudis Gómez de Avellaneda Cuba |
| - 1853 - 95 42 José Martí Cuban |
| - 1762 - 1843 81 Samuel Morey, American inventor |
| - 1805 - 44 39 Joseph Smith, Jr. & 1801 - 77 76 Brigham Young, founders of Mormonism |
| - 1818 - 95 77 Frederick Douglass, U.S. abolitionist spokesman |
| - 1813 - 1890 77 John C. Frémont, Explorer, Governor of California |
| - 1805 - 79 74 William Lloyd Garrison, U.S. abolitionist leader |
| - 1820 - 91 71 George Hearst, U.S. Senator & father of William Randolph Hearst |
| - 1807 - 70 63 Robert E. Lee, Confederate general |
| - 1753 - 1811 58 Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla Mexico |
| - 1783 - 1824 41 Agustín de Iturbide Mexico |
| - 1765 - 1815 50 José María Morelos Mexican |
| - 1815 - 91 76 Sir John A. Macdonald, Canada, first Prime Minister of Canada |
| - 1820 - 91 71 William Tecumseh Sherman, Union general during American Civil War |
| - 1765 - 1839 74 Fulwar Skipwith, first & only president of short lived Republic of West Florida |
| - 1822 - 1913 81 Harriet Tubman, African-American abolitionist, humanitarian, played a part in Underground Railroad |
| - 1823 - 78 55 William M. Tweed, aka Boss Tweed, influential New York City politician, head of Tammany Hall |
| - 1839 - 1908 69 Machado de Assis Brazil |
| - 1818 - 92 74 Juana Manuela Gorriti Argentina |
| - 1852 - 1909 58 Clorinda Matto de Turner Peruvian |
| - 1844 - 1918 74 Manuel González Prada Peru |
| - 1783 - 1830 47 Simón Bolívar Venezualan |
| - 1778 - 1850 72 José de San Martín Argentine |
| - 1764 - 1850 86 José Gervasio Artigas Uruguay |
| - 1770 - 1820 50 Manuel Belgrano Argentine |
| - 1750 - 1816 46 Francisco de Miranda Venezuela |
| - 1778 - 1811 33 Mariano Moreno Argentine |
| - 1778 - 1842 64 Bernardo O'Higgins Chilean |
| - 1798 - 1834 36 Pedro I of Brazil |
| - 1795 - 1830 35 Antonio José de Sucre Venezuelan |