| Early 6th century – Irish colonists & invaders, Scots, began migrating to Caledonia (later known as Scotland). Migration from south-west Britain to Brittany. |
| Early 6th century – Glendalough monastery, Wicklow Ireland founded by St. Kevin. Many similar foundations in Ireland & Wales. |
| - Rædwald of East Anglia |
| - Sigeberht of East Anglia |
| - Kenneth I of Scotland |
| - 600's Taliesin, Welsh poet |
| - 600's Earliest attested English poetry. |
| - 535 Postulated volcanic eruption in tropics which causes several years of abnormally cold weather, resulting in mass famine in Northern Hemisphere. (See Extreme weather events of 535–536.) |
| - 537 Battle of Camlann, final battle of legendary King Arthur. |
| - 600's Hereswitha Northumbria |
| - X743 Withburga East Anglia Princess |
| - x 601 Saint Asaph North England |
| - 616 Aethelfrith of Northumbria defeats Welsh in a battle at Chester. |
| - 600's Sutton Hoo ship burial, East Anglia (modern England). |
| - 540 - 615 75 Columbanus. Irish monk & missionary |
| - The first European triangular harp designed by Picts of Scotland. |
| - Harald Fairhair was victorious at battle of Hafrsfjord, & Norway was unified into one kingdom. |
| - The Anglo-Saxon Heptarchy emerges at beginning of this century. |
| - The Medieval Warm Period begins. |
| - 841 Dublin is founded on east coast of Ireland by Vikings. |
| - 871 - 99 28 Reign of Alfred Great. |
| - Large-scale Viking attacks on Europe begin, devastating countless numbers of people. |
| - 850 - 75 25 first Norse settlers arrive on Iceland. |
| - 800-900s Hop (plant) first mentioned in connection with beer brewing |
| Erik Red, Norwegian explorer, founded Greenland |
| Leif Eiriksson, Norwegian explorer, son of Erik Red, made first European attempt to settle in America. |
| Olav Tryggvason becomes first king to try to Christianize Norway, dies at Battle of Svolder in 1000. |
| Harald Fairhair, king of Norway, united Norway in 872 & remained its ruler until 933. One of most powerful lords of Europe at time. |
| King Edmund I of England (lived 921–946, reigned 939–946) |
| - 595 Pope Gregory sends Roman monks led by Augustine to England. |
| - 900's Reindeer become extinct in Scotland |
| - Bede Venerable, English monk & scholar |
| - The beginning of Medieval Warm Period |
| - 878 Battle of Ethandun results in victory of Alfred Great over Danish warlord Guthrum. |
| - Hrodgar, legendary Danish king depicted in Beowulf |
| - Beowulf, legendary king of Geats |
| - 563 monastery on Iona Scottland is founded by St. Columba. |
| - 800's Beowulf might have been written down in this century, though it could also have been in 8th century. |
| - 800's Oseberg, Norway ship burial. |
| - Horse collar in use in Northern Europe in 8th or 9th century—perhaps introduced from Asia. |
| - 793 very first Viking raid is carried out on abbey of Lindisfarne in northern England. |
| - Probably at some time in this century, Beowulf is composed. |
| - Ælfflæd of Whitby |
| - Aethelbert, King of Kent |
| - Æthelburg of Faremoutiers |
| - Æthelburg of Kent |
| - Æthelthryth |
| - Augustine Eriugena, Irish scientist |
| - Caedmon, English poet |
| - Cenn Fáelad mac Aillila, Irish scholar, died 679 |
| - Saint Cuthbert |
| - Eanflæd |
| - Bertha of Kent |
| - Anna of East Anglia |
| - Seaxburh of Ely |
| - 614–680 Hilda of Whitby |
| Viking groups settle in northern France—Norse become Normans |
| - Reign of Charlemagne, & concurrent (and controversially labeled) Carolingian Renaissance in Western Europe. |
| - 814Charlemagne dies at Aachen. |
| Otto I Great, Holy Roman Emperor (lived 912–973, reigned 936–973) |
| - 538 - 94 66 Gregory of Tours. Frankish bishop & historian |
| Hugh Capet (lived 938–996), first Capetian King of France |
| - Breast-strap horse harness in use in Frankish kingdom. |
| Otto II, Holy Roman Emperor (lived 955–983, reigned 973–983) |
| - 623 Frankish merchant Samo, supporting Slavs fighting their Avar rulers, becomes ruler of first known Slav state in Central Europe. |
| Theophanu, wife of Otto II, mother & Regent of Otto III, (lived 956–991, reigned 983–991) |
| - 466 - 511 47 Clovis I, (c. ), first sole King of Franks |
| Otto III, Holy Roman Emperor (lived 980–1002, reigned 983–1002) |
| Second half of 10th century – Page with David Psalmist, from Paris Psalter, is made. It is now kept at Bibliothéque Nationale, Paris. |
| 20th century Belgian astronomer Jean Meeus asserts that positions of eight planets & Pluto were within same 90° arc of Solar System on 1 February 949. It is predicted this would next occur on 6 May 1492. |
| - 900's Foundation of Cluny France, first federated monastic order |
| - 900s First image of a rotary grindstone in a European source—illustration shows crank, first known use of a crank in West (Utrecht Psalter, 843) |
| - Louis Pious France |
| - Arnulf of Carinthia France |
| - 840 Death of Louis Pious. |
| - 843 three sons of Louis Pious reach an agreement known as Treaty of Verdun & split Carolingian empire into three divisions; East Francia was given to Louis German, West Francia to Charles Bald & Middle Francia to Lothair I. |
| - Heavy plow in use in Rhine valley. |
| - Theodulf of Orléans, Carolingian scholar, poet, bishop of Orleans from 798 to 818 |
| - Pippin Younger, king of Franks until 768 |
| - 700's Charles Martel, Frankish leader until 741 (Battle of Tours, 732) |
| - 700's Charlemagne, King of Franks from 771 to 814 |
| - 700's Alcuin, English monk, deacon, scholar, & teacher; Charlemagne's advisor in educational affairs |
| - 772 – 804 Charlemagne invades what is now northwestern Germany, battling Saxons for more than thirty years & finally crushing their rebellion, incorporating Saxony into Frankish Empire & Christian world. |
| - 768 Pepin dies; Charles becomes king at Noyan & his brother Carloman becomes king at Soissons. |
| - 793 Frisian–Frankish wars come to an end with last uprising of Frisians. |
| - 732 Battle of Tours. Near Poitiers, France, leader of Franks Charles Martel & his men defeat a large army of Moors under governor of Cordoba, Abdul Rahman Al Ghafiqi, who is killed during battle. Battle of Tours halts advance of Islam into Western Europe & establishes a balance of power between Western Europe, Islam & Byzantine Empire. |
| - Basil 1 Macedonian (Βασίλειος Α') (811–886), ruled (867)–(886) |
| - Empress Irene of Athens |
| - 800 Charlemagne is crowned emperor of Rome by Pope Leo III. |
| - Vulgar Latin begins to develop into various Romance languages. |
| - 848 – 852 west bank of Tiber is annexed into city of Rome. A defensive wall, commissioned by Pope Leo IV, is built around what came to be called Leonine City. |
| Abd-ar-rahman III of Cordoba |
| Tomislav, king of Croatia,united medieval Croatian state into Kingdom of Croatia , crowned in 925 |
| Late 10th or early 11th century – Archangel Michail, icon, is made. It is now kept at Treasury of Cathedral of Saint Mark, Venice. |
| - Early 6th century – Basilica of Sant'Apollinare in Classe's apse's mosaic is completed. |
| - 606 Boniface elected papal successor on death of Pope Sabinian. He sought & obtained a decree from Byzantine Emperor Phocas which stated that "the See of Blessed Peter Apostle should be head of all Churches". This ensured that title of "Universal Bishop" belonged exclusively to Bishop of Rome. |
| - 534 - 601 67 Leander of Seville. Spanish bishop & theologian |
| - 900's The medieval Croatian state becomes a unified kingdom under Tomislav |
| - 589 Third Council of Toledo adds "filioque" clause to Nicene Creed in Spain. |
| - Clement of Ohrid Macedonia |
| - 826 - 85 51 Saints Cyril & Methodius of Thessoloniki |
| - 694 Hispano-Visigothic king Egica accuses Jews of aiding Muslims, & sentences all Jews to slavery. |
| - In Italy, some cities became free republics: for instance Forlì, in 889. |
| - 800 Arab fleet sails up Tiber. |
| - 827 – 902 Aghlabid dynasty colonises emirates in Sicily & subsequently raids Southern Italy. |
| - 600's Side panels, Basilica of Sant'Apollinare in Classe, are made. |
| - 7th & 9th century – Mosaics above apse, Basilica of Sant'Apollinare in Classe Italy, are made. |
| - The Unknown Archont led Serbs to Balkans from north |
| Early 6th century - Cassiodorus founds a cenobitic monastery & scrinium at Vivarium in Italy |
| - 529 Saint Benedict of Nursia founds monastery of Monte Cassino in Italy. |
| - 863 - 79 16 Period of schism between eastern & western churches. |
| - 813 – c. 915 Period of serious Arab naval raids on shores of Tyrrhenian & Adriatic seas. |
| - Stephen II, Pope from 752 to 757, enlisted Frankish aid against Lombards |
| - Paulinus II of Aquileia, Italy. Carolingian scholar, poet, patriarch of Aquileia from 787 to 802 |
| - 700's Liutprand, King of Lombards from 712 to 744 |
| - 700's Desiderius, last King of Lombards from 756-774 |
| - 700's Irene of Athens, Byzantine Empress from 797 to 802 |
| - 800 On Christmas Day, Charlemagne is crowned first Holy Roman Emperor by Pope Leo III. |
| - 700's Paolo Lucio Anafesto, first doge of Venice from 697 to 717 |
| - 700's Paul Deacon, Lombard scholar, historian, poet |
| - 712 Liutprand, King of Lombards begins his reign (until 744). |
| - 700's Iron horseshoes came into common use around 770. |
| - 711 Tariq ibn-Ziyad crosses Straits of Gibraltar. With creation of Al-Andalus, most of Iberian peninsula is conquered by Arab & Berber Muslims, thus ending Visigothic rule, & starting almost eight centuries of Muslim presence there. |
| - 603 last mention of Roman Senate in Gregorian Register. It mentions that senate acclaimed statues of emperor Phocas & empress Leontia. |
| - 787 Empress Irene of Athens convenes Seventh Ecumenical Council, ending first phase of Byzantine Iconoclasm. |
| - The first Serbian state is formed at beginning of century. |
| - Tirunavukkarasar, Indian poet (late 6th century-mid-7th century) |
| - 525 Having settled in Rome c. 500, Scythian monk Dionysius Exiguus invents Anno Domini era calendar based on estimated birth year of Jesus Christ. |
| - 590 Gregory Great succeeds Pope Pelagius II (who dies of plague) as 64th pope. |
| - 674 first Arab siege of Constantinople begins. |
| - 585 Suevi Kingdom conquered by Visigoths in Spain. |
| - 587 Reccared, king of Visigoths in Spain, converts to Catholicism. |
| - 540 - 609 69 Venantius Fortunatus. Venetian poet, traveler, bishop of Poitiers (c.599-600/9) |
| - 480 - 525 45 Boethius. Roman philosopher & theologian |
| - Augustine of Canterbury, Roman monk, missionary, & bishop |
| - 600's Serbs enter their present territory early in 7th century AD, settling in six distinct tribal delimitations. |
| - 524 Boethius Italian writes his Consolation of Philosophy. |
| - 554 Eviction of Ostrogoths from Rome, & re-unification of all Italy under Byzantine rule. |
| - 568 Lombards invade Italy & establish a federation of dukedoms under a king. |
| - 485 - 585 100 Cassiodorus, Roman senator & scholar |
| - 480 - 547 67 Benedict of Nursia Italy Umbrian founder of Western Monasticism |
| - 862 beginning Rurik Dynasty in Russia |
| Géza of Hungary, ruler of Magyars (lived 940–997, reigned 970–997) |
| Mieszko I, first duke of Poland, baptised a Christian in 966 |
| - Khazar kingdom is attacked & defeated by Kievan Rus (965) |
| - Boris I of Bulgaria |
| - Simeon I of Bulgaria |
| - 870 Prague Castle founded. |
| Swedish influence extends to Black Sea |
| Vladimir I, Prince of Kievan Rus, baptised a Christian in 988 |
| - 867 Onward Revival of Byzantine Empire under Macedonian dynasty. |
| - Bulgars of First Bulgarian Empire subjugate Eastern Roman Empire (Byzantium) & force it to pay annual tributes to Bulgaria. These same Bulgars use their innovative heavy calvalry divisions to save European Christian Civilization by defeating Arab invaders at battle of Constantinople. Bulgarian Emperor Tervel is declared Saviour of Europe. |
| - Krum Khan of Bulgaria |
| Vladimir I, Prince of Kievan Rus (lived 958–1015) |
| Simeon Great, Emperor of Bulgaria (reigned 893–927) |
| Tsar Samuil of Bulgaria (lived 958–1014, reigned 976–1014) |
| In 917 Bulgarians destroyed Byzantine army in Battle of Anchialus, one of bloodiest battles in Middle Ages |
| 927 official recognition of first independent national Church in Europe, Bulgarian Patriarchate |
| - 900's Incursions of Magyar (Hungarian) cavalry throughout Western Europe (47 expeditions in Germany, Italy & France, 899–970) |
| Collapse of Great Moravia |
| - Rurik |
| - Árpád, Grand Prince of Magyars Hungary |
| - 600 Smallpox spreads from India into Europe. |
| - 830 - 910 Naum of Preslav, Bulgaria |
| - 864 Christianization of Bulgaria under Boris I |
| - 895 supposed year of Magyars arrival in Pannonia. Whether or not this is exact date is still heavily debated inside & outside Hungary. |
| - 885 Arrival of disciples of SS. Cyril & Methodius, Clement of Ohrid & Naum of Preslav in Bulgaria. Development of Cyrillic Alphabet. |
| - 800's Magyars begin their conquest of Pannonia (roughly modern day Hungary, a process that will take several decades to be completed. |
| - 811 Battle of Pliska fought between a Byzantine force led by emperor Nicephorus I & a Bulgar army commanded by Khan Krum. Byzantines are defeated in a series of engagements, culminating with death of Nicephorus I |
| - Tervel, Khan of Bulgaria from 700 to 721 |
| - 792 Battle of Marcelae. Bulgarian victory over Byzantines marks end of half-century political instability in Bulgaria. |
| - 705 Justinian II is forced to give title Caesar of Byzantium to Bulgarian Emperor Tervel. Byzantine Empire begins to pay annual tributes to Bulgaria. * 708 – 711: Bulgarians defeat Justinian II at battle of Anchiallus. Arab armies occupied Sindh. |
| - The Moravian principality & Principality of Nitra arise in central Europe (see Great Moravia) |
| - Asparuh—Khan of Bulgars & founder of contemporary Bulgaria |
| - 680 Battle of Karbala took place near Kufa which led to killing of Husayn ibn Ali & division of Muslim community. Bulgars subjugate country of current-day Bulgaria. |
| - Dionysius Exiguus Romania creates Anno Domini system, inspired by birth of Jesus, in 525. This is system upon which Gregorian calendar & Common Era systems are based. |
| - 600's The Bulgars arrive in Balkans; establishment of powerful Bulgarian Empire. |
| - 909 Fatimid Caliphate arises in eastern Algeria. |
| - 859 Muslims establish oldest university in world, University of Al Karaouine, in Fez, Morocco |
| 965 in Basra - c. 1039 in Cairo Alhazen, a Muslim scientist & mathematician. |
| Ubayd Allah al-Mahdi Billah, founder of Fatamid dynasty of Egypt in 909 |
| - 980 Al-Azhar University is established in Cairo by Fatimid dynasty. |
| - 900's The Christian Nubian kingdom reaches its peak of prosperity & military power (Early history of Sudan) |
| - The Christian Nubian kingdom reaches its peak of prosperity & military power. (Early history of Sudan). |
| - The Coptic period, at its most broad definition, ends. |
| - 868 Ahmad ibn Tulun breaks away from Abbasid Caliphate & establishes independent Tulunid dynasty. |
| - 800 – 909 Rule of Aghlabids as an independent Muslim dynasty in North Africa, with their capital at Tunis. |
| - 698 Arabs capture Carthage from Byzantine Empire. |
| - 642 Library of Alexandria destroyed again. |
| - 641 Coptic period, in its more specific definition, ends when Islam is introduced into Egypt. |
| - 639 Muslim conquest of Egypt |
| - 600's Timgad, Algeria, is destroyed by Berbers. |
| - 616 Shah Chosroes II invades Egypt. |
| - 545 Nubian Kingdom of Nobatia converts to Christianity. |
| - 569 Nubian kingdom of Alodia converts to Christianity. |
| - 569 Nubian kingdom of Makuria converts to Christianity. |
| - 550's Second half of 6th century – Virgin & Child with Saints & Angels, icon, is made. It is now kept at Saint Catherine's Monastery, Mount Sinai, Egypt. |
| - 948 Nri Kingdom in what is now Southeastern Nigeria starts. |
| - The Tukolor settle in Senegal river valley. |
| - 800 Beginning of ancient West African state of Takrur or Tekrour, which flourished roughly parallel to Ghana Empire. |
| - Kanem-Bornu arises north of Lake Chad. |
| - 600's Arab traders penetrate area of Lake Chad. |
| - 800's Muslim traders settle in northwest & southeast of Madagascar. |
| - 518 Eastern Roman Emperor Anastasius I dies & is succeeded by Justin I. |
| - 522 Byzantines obtain silkworm eggs & begin silkworm cultivation |
| - The Byzantine empire reaches height of its military & economic strength |
| - 9th – 10th century – Bowl with kufic border, from Samarkand, Uzbekistan, is made. It is now kept at Musée du Louvre, Paris. |
| - 809 – 817 War between Byzantine empire & Bulgars. |
| - 900's Lions become extinct in Europe by this date, with last dying in Caucasus. |
| - 670s, Greek fire invented in Constantinople. |
| 993 Arab maritime captain Abu Himyarite from Yemen toured Guangzhou port, & was an avid visitor to China |
| - 800's Arab merchant Shulama wrote that Chinese junk ships could carry 600 to 700 passengers aboard for sailing missions into Indian Ocean. He wrote that draft of Chinese ships was too deep for entering Euphrates River (modern-day Iraq), which forced them to land small boats on banks of river for passengers & cargo instead. |
| - Harun al-Rashid Iraq |
| - Al-Jahiz Iraq |
| - 862 Bagratuni Dynasty of Medieval Armenia begins with Ashot I |
| - 851 Arab merchant Suleiman al-Tajir visits Chinese seaport at Guangzhou in southern China, & observes manufacturing of porcelain, Islamic mosque built at Guangzhou, granary system of city, & how its municipal administration functioned. |
| - Page from Koran (Surah II:286 & title Surah III) in kufic script, from Syria, is made. It is now kept at Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York. |
| - Timothy, Assyrian Church Patriarch of Baghdad, promoter of missions to China |
| - 830 House of Wisdom, a library & translation institute, established by al-Ma'mun, Abbasid caliph, in Baghdad to transfer knowledge of Greeks, Persians, Indians, etc. to Muslim world. Also The Compendious Book on Calculation by Completion & Balancing which is one of book of algebra is written by Al-Khwarizmi who worked there. |
| - John of Damascus, Syrian Christian monk, scholar |
| - 553 Second Council of Constantinople |
| - 700's Muhammad bin Qasim, Syrian Arab general who conquered Sindh & Punjab |
| - 726Byzantine Emperor Leo III Isaurian destroys icon of Christ above Chalke Gate in capital city of Constantinople, beginning first phase of Byzantine Iconoclasm. |
| - 717 – 718 Siege of Constantinople. Bulgarians come to aide of Byzantines & defeat army of invading Arabs, thus completely neutralizing their advance towards Europe. In decisive battle, Bulgarian army slaughtered between 20,000 & 32,000 Arabs. |
| - 750 last Umayyad Caliph Marwan II (744–750) is overthrown & executed by first Abbasid Caliph, Abu al-Abbas al-Saffah. Caliphate is moved to Baghdad, within territory of former Persian Empire; this would prove to be a momentous event for Baghdad which developed into a centre of trade & culture. Ghana Empire begins. |
| - An account of Buddha's life is translated into Greek by Saint John of Damascus, & widely circulated to Christians as story of Barlaam & Josaphat. |
| - 656 - 61 5 First Islamic civil war. |
| - 683 - 52 Second Islamic civil war. |
| - 688 Emperor Justinian II of Byzantine Empire defeats Bulgars. |
| - Heraclius—Warrior Emperor of Byzantium who won numerous victories against Sassanids (Persians) |
| - 700Isaac of Nineveh Nestorian theologian |
| - Antara Ibn Shaddad, Arab poet Saudi Arabia |
| - 527 Justinian I succeeds Justin I as Emperor of Eastern Roman Empire. |
| - 638 Muslim conquest of Palestine. |
| - 639 Muslim conquest of Armenia. |
| Early 6th century – Archangel Michael, panel of a dyptich probably from court workshop at Constantinople, is made. It is now kept at British Museum, London. |
| Early 6th century – Page with Rebecca at Well, from "Book of Genesis", probably made in Syria or Palestine, is made. It is now kept at Österreichische Nationalbibliothek, Vienna. |
| - Byzantine Empire acquires silk technology from China. |
| - Silk is a protected palace industry in Byzantine Empire. |
| - 610 Heraclius arrives by ship from Africa at Constantinople, overthrows East Roman Emperor Phocas & becomes Emperor. His first major act is to change official language of East Roman Empire from Latin to Greek (already language of vast majority of population). |
| - 615 Sassanid Empire under Shah Chosroes II sacks Jerusalem, taking away relic of True cross. |
| - 532 Nika riots in Constantinople; cathedral is destroyed. They are put down a sennight later by Belisarius & Mundus; up to 30,000 people are killed in Hippodrome. |
| - 632 Muslim conquests begin. |
| - 626 Avars & Persians jointly besiege but fail to capture Constantinople. |
| - 592–642Khalid ibn al-Walid (), Muslim Arab military commander who defeated Roman & Persian empires in over eighty battles |
| - 670 In 670 an Arab Muslim army under Uqba ibn Nafi entered region of Ifriqiya. Finally in late 670s conquest of North Africa has been completed. |
| - 677 Most of Arab fleet is destroyed by Greek fire; Persian crown prince fless to T'ang court. |
| - Jordanes, Byzantine author of Getica |
| - Ali ibn Abi Talib (600–661), cousin of Muhammad, fourth caliph of Islam, first Shi'a Imam |
| - Belisarius, Byzantine general |
| - Procopius, Byzantine historian |
| - 600's Islam begins in Arabia, Qur'an is documented. |
| - 622 Year one of Islamic calendar begins, during which Hijra occurs—Muhammad & his followers emigrate from Mecca to Medina in September. |
| - 627 Emperor Heraclius defeats Persians, ending Roman-Persian Wars. |
| - 629 Byzantine-Arab Wars begin. Much of Roman Empire is conquered by Muslim Arabs led by Khalid ibn al-Walid. |
| - 636 Around this time Battle of al-Qādisiyyah Iraq. resulted in a decisive victory for Muslims in Islamic conquest of Persia, Persian Empire is conquered by Muslim Arabs led by Sad Ibn Abi Waqqas. |
| - 650 Khazar-Arab Wars begin. |
| - 661 Caliph Ali ibn Abi Talib is assassinated. He is succeeded by Hasan ibn Ali but abdicated Caliph to Muawiyah I. This was foundation of Umayyad caliphate. |
| - 541 - 2 1 First pandemic of bubonic plague (Plague of Justinian) hits Constantinople & rest of Byzantine Empire. |
| - 543 - 4 1 One of Justinian's edict leads to Three-Chapter Controversy |
| - Vimalamitra, Buddhist monk from India |
| - Late 9th century – Pallava dynasty ends in Southern India. |
| - Adikavi Pampa an early Kannada language poet (born in 902) |
| - Ranna, an early Kannada language poet from India, (born in 949) |
| - Tailapa II, re-established Western Chalukya Empire of India (reigned 973–997) |
| - Ferdowsi Persian poet |
| - Construction begins on Brihadeeswarar Temple of India, during reign of Rajaraja Chola I |
| Al-Farabi, Krososan, Iran. a Muslim polymath & one of greatest scientists & philosophers(c. 872 – between 14 December 950 & 12 January 951). |
| Abu Rayhan Biruni, a Muslim Scientist.(born 5 September 973 in Kath, Khwarezm , died 13 December 1048 in Ghazni, Afghanistan) |
| 928, Ziyarid dynasty was established in northern Iran. |
| - 900's Seljuks Iran convert to Islam. |
| 999 Samanid dynasty Afghanistan was defeated & conquered by Ghaznavids. |
| - 664 Conquest of Kabul by Muslims. |
| 910, Parantaka I of Chola Dynasty drove out Pandyan from southern India into Lanka (now Sri Lanka), which he also eventually conquered. |
| - 930s, Persian Shia Buyid dynasty established & controlled central & western part of Iran as well as most of Iraq. |
| - Adi Sankara India |
| - Pattadakal, Chalukya architecture, India. |
| - Śāntideva, a Buddhist monk at Nalanda Monastery in India, composes famous Bodhicharyāvatāra, or Guide to Bodhisattva's Way of Life. |
| - The stirrup introduced to Persia from China, late 7th century |
| - Brahmagupta, Indian mathematician |
| - Cambandar, Indian poet (late 6th century-mid-7th century) |
| - Mid-7th century – Durga Mahishasura-mardini (Durga as Slayer of Buffalo Demon), rock-cut relief, Mamallapuram, Tamil Nadu, India, is made. Pallava period. It is now kept at Asian Art Archives, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor. |
| - mid-7th century – Dharmaraja Ratha, Mamallapuram, Tamil Nadu, India, is built. Pallava period. |
| - 651 Emperor Yazdgerd III is murdered in Merv, ending rule of Sassanid dynasty in Persia (Iran). |
| - Earliest known record of game Chatrang, in India predecessor to Chess |
| - 550's Mid-6th century – Cave-Temple of Shiva at Elephanta Caves, Maharashtra, India, is built. Post-Gupta period. |
| - Tirunavukkarasar, Indian poet (late 6th century-mid-7th century) |
| - Backgammon (nard) invented in Persia by Burzoe. |
| - Chess, as chaturanga, entered Persia from India & was modified to shatranj. |
| - Vaghbata, Indian medical books. |
| - 600's End of sporadic Buddhist rule in Sindh, Pakhistan. |
| - 588 Shivadeva ascends throne of Lichchhavi dynasty in Nepal. |
| - Aryabhata, Indian Discoverer of Zero & First to propose Heliocentre Model of solar system |
| - Karaikkal Ammeiyar, one of few females amongst sixty three Nayanmars, is one of greatest figures of early Tamil literature |
| - Buddhist Jataka stories are translated into Syriac & Arabic as Kalilag & Damnag. |
| - Narasimha Pallava, Pallava Dynasty, Tamilnadu |
| - Pulakesi II, comes to power |
| - Bozorgmehr, Persian sage |
| - 550's Mid-6th century – Eternal Shiva, rock-cut relief in Cave-Temple of Shiva at Elephanta Caves, is made |
| - 712 Metropolitan epicopal see is established by Assyrian Church in Chinese capital of Chang'an. |
| - 713 Death of Dajian Huineng, sixth & last Patriarch of Chán Buddhism. |
| - Yeon Gaesomun, Generalissimo of Goguryeo |
| - The Xumi Pagoda in Zhengding, China is built in 636 AD |
| - 650, first Chinese Paper money is issued. |
| - 803 Construction on Leshan Giant Buddha in Tang Dynasty China is complete, after 90 years of rock-carving on a massive cliff-side. |
| - 600's The religion of Shugendo evolves from Buddhism, Taoism, Shinto & other influences in mountains of Japan. |
| - 813 China was reunited. |
| - 805 - 820 Tang Dynasty was under rule of Emperor Xianzong of Tang. |
| - Chess reaches Japan. |
| - 824 Han Yu died. |
| - 845 Buddhism is persecuted & banned in China. |
| - 846 - 859: Emperor Xuānzong of Tang reigned; He was considered last capable emperor of Tang Dynasty. |
| - Han Yu |
| - Huyan Zan, Chinese general (died in 1000) |
| - Li Cheng, Chinese landscape painter |
| - Li Fang, Chinese scholar & encyclopedist (925–996) |
| - Zhang Sixun, Chinese astronomer & mechanical engineer |
| - 10th century-12th century - Seated Guaryin Bodhisattva, is made. Liao dynasty. It is now kept at Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art, Kansas City, Missouri. |
| Zhang Sixun of China uses for first time liquid mercury (element) instead of water to power escapement mechanism rotating an armillary sphere, since liquid mercury does not freeze easily like water during winter, & does not rust metal parts |
| - Fire Arrows are invented by Chinese, along with use of first blackpowder impregnated fuses for igniting blast of double-piston flamethrowers which employed Greek Fire, an imported good from Arabia in early part of century. |
| - Wu Zetian, Empress of China from 690 to 705 |
| - Xuanzong, Emperor of China at height of Tang cultural influence from 712 to 756 |
| - Mid 8th century – papermaking introduced from China to Arabs. |
| - The Chinese Buddhist monk Yi Xing applies a clockwork escapement mechanism to operate & rotate his astronomical celestial globe. |
| - Taizu of Later Liang |
| - Wang Kon |
| - Wang Xianzhi |
| - First known printed book, Diamond Sutra, printed in China using woodblock printing in 868 AD. |
| - Invention of gunpowder by Chinese Taoist Alchemists. |
| - Late 9th century - Womb World mandala, To-ji, Kyoto, is made. Heian period. |
| - Late 9th century Bulgaria stretches from mouth of Danube to Epirus & Bosnia. |
| - Two syllabaries or kana are developed from simplified Chinese characters in Japan. |
| - 800-900s The first pound lock is invented by Chinese engineer Qiao Weiyo, improving canal lock system. |
| - 800-900s Three of Four Great Books of Song are published (the last one in 1013), which were enormous Chinese encyclopedias having millions of written Chinese characters each. |
| - 980 - 1037 57 Avicenna, one of foremost physician & philosopher of Medieval Era. B Uzbekihstan D Iran |
| - 919, first use of gunpowder in battle occurred with Chinese Battle of Lang-shan Jiang (Wolf Mountain River), where naval fleet of Wen-Mu-King defeated Chien Yuan Kuan because Wen had used 'fire oil' (huo yóu, 火油) of gunpowder-fuse ignited flamethrowers to burn Chien's fleet. |
| - 975, Ghaznavids dynasty, as first Turk Sultanate, was established in Central Asia. |
| - Huang Chao China |
| - 787 - 850 Li Deyu China |
| - 780 - 849 Niu Sengru China |
| - 863 Chinese author Duan Chengshi describes slave trade, ivory trade, & ambergris trade of Somalia in East Africa. |
| - 875 - 84 9 Huang Chao leads an unsuccessful rebellion against Tang Dynasty in China. |
| - Dezong, Emperor of China from 779 to 805 |
| - Du Fu, Chinese poet |
| - Gemmei, Empress of Japan from 707 to 715 |
| - Guo Ziyi, who ened An Shi Rebellion & was revered as best general in East Asia during his lifetime. |
| - Han Gan, Chinese painter |
| - Jia Dan, Chinese scholar-official, cartographer, & geographer |
| - Jianzhen or Ganjin, Chinese monk who helped to spread Buddhism in Japan |
| - Kammu, Emperor of Japan from 781 to 806 |
| - Kōken, Empress of Japan from 749 to 758 & again with name Shōtoku from 764 to 770 |
| - Li Po, Chinese poet |
| - 835 Ganlu Incident. China |
| - 800's Although in a short time Tang Dynasty was resurgented, government controlled by eunuchs backslided, lots of in-fightings broke up, finally weakened by Huang Chao seriosly & dissolved. |
| - 700's Padmasambhava, Tantric master who created vajrayana buddhism in Tibet |
| - 794 Emperor Kammu moves capital to Heian-kyō (present day Kyoto), initiating Heian period of Japan. |
| - 785 - 805 Chinese geographer Jia Dan describes large lighthouse pillars built in Persian Gulf, which is confirmed a century later by al-Mas'udi & al-Muqaddasi. |
| - 781 Nestorian Monument is erected in China. |
| - 782 Buddhist monk Prajna reaches Chang'an & enlists help of Christian bishop Ching Ching (Adam) in translating sutras into Chinese. |
| - 785 Tang Dynasty begins landing regular maritime missions on coast of East Africa, cutting out middlemen Arab sea merchants. |
| - mid-8th century - Great Wild Goose Pagoda at Ci'en Temple, Xi'an, Shanxi, is rebuilt. |
| - mid-8th century - Camel Carrying a Group of Musicians, from a tomb near Xi'an, Shanxi, is made. Tang dynasty. It is now kept at Museum of Chinese History, Beijing. |
| - 751 Arabian armies defeat Chinese Tang Dynasty troops in Battle of Talas, in high Pamirs near Samarkand, & conquer Central Asia completely. |
| - 755 – 763 An Shi Rebellion devastates China during mid Tang Dynasty. |
| - 758 Arab & Persian pirates & travelers burn & loot Chinese city of Guangzhou, while Tang Dynasty authorities shut port down for next five decades. |
| Early 6th century – Zen Buddhism enters Vietnam from China. |
| Early 6th century – Haniwa, from Kyoto, is made during Kofun period |
| - 580 - 651 71 Dayi Daoxin. fourth Chán Buddhist Patriarch |
| - 487 - 593 106 Dazu Huike. second Chán Buddhist Patriarch |
| - 748 Chinese Buddhist monk Jian Zhen writes in his Yue Jue Shu of international sea traffic coming to Guangzhou, ships from Borneo, Persia, Sri Lanka, Indonesia, & others bringing tons of goods. |
| - The height of Giant Wild Goose Pagoda in Xian, China is extended by 5 stories. |
| - 701 Taihō Code is enacted in late Asuka period Japan. |
| - 705 Overthrow of Empress Wu Zetian,the reign of China's first & only sole-ruling empress ends. |
| - 700's An Lushan, military leader of Sogdian & Tujue origin, led An Shi Rebellion China from 755 to 763 |
| - 638-713Huineng, () sixth & last Patriarch of Chán Buddhism |
| - 710 Empress Gemmei moves capital to Heijō-kyū (present day Nara), initiating Nara period of Japan. |
| - After sailing from Ethiopia, Sa`d ib n Abi Waqqas brings first Quran to China, & establishes first Islamic mosque of China in Guangzhou in 630s. |
| - Dae Jo Yeong, founder of Balhae, a state in ancient Manchuria |
| - Li Jing, Chinese general who conquered Eastern Turkic Khaganate & defeated Tuyuhun Kingdom |
| - Li Shiji, Chinese general & later prime minister |
| - Su Dingfang, a general of Chinese dynasty Tang Dynasty who succeeded in destroying Western Turkic Khaganate |
| - 649 - 83 24 Chinese Emperor Gaozong permits establishment of Christian monasteries in each of 358 prefectures. |
| - 690 Pro-Buddhist imperial consort Wu Zetian seizes power & rules as Empress of China |
| - 691 Buddhism is made state religion of China |
| - 698 Active but unofficial anti-Christian persecution begins in China |
| - 649-683Emperor Gaozong of Tang ( AD), China |
| - 657 Chinese Tang Dynasty under Emperor Gaozong of Tang defeats Western Turkic Kaganate. |
| - 658 Two Chinese monks, Zhi Yu & Zhi You, reconstruct 3rd century South Pointing Chariot mechanical compass-vehicle for Emperor Tenji of Japan. |
| - 663 Tang Dynasty of China & Korean Silla Kingdom gain victory against Korean Baekje Kingdom & their Yamato Japanese allies in naval Battle of Baekgang. |
| - Xuan Zang (aka Hsuan-Tsang) traveled from China to India, before returning to Chang An in China to translate Buddhist scriptures. |
| - 742 For municipal census of Tang Dynasty Chinese capital city Chang'an & its metropolitan area of Jingzhou Fu (including small towns in vicinity), New Book of Tang records that in this year there were 362,921 registered families with 1,960,188 persons. |
| - 552 Buddhism introduced to Japan from Baekje during Asuka period. |
| - 600's world's population shrinks to about 208 million people. |
| - 668 end of Goguryeo-Tang Wars, as Goguryeo fell to a joint attack by Tang China & Unified Silla of Korea, latter of which held Goguryeo domains. |
| - 550's Buddhist Jataka stories are translated into Persian by order of Zoroastrian king Khosrau. |
| - 561 - 92 31 Buddhist monk Jnanagupta translates 39 sutras from Sanskrit to Chinese. |
| - Guangzhou, China, becomes a major international seaport, hosting maritime travelers from Egypt, East Africa, Arabia, Persia, India, Sri Lanka, & South East Asia, including Muslims, Jews, Hindus, & Nestorian Christians. |
| - 638 Emperor Taizong (627-649) issues an edict of universal toleration of religions; Nestorians build a church in Chang'an. |
| - 618 Tang Dynasty of China initiated by Li Yuan. |
| By 6th century – Shilpa Shastras is written. |
| Early 6th century – first academy of east Academy of Gundeshapur founded in Iran by Khosrau I of Persia. |
| - Empress Suiko, Japanese empress |
| - 573 - 621 48 Prince Shōtoku. Japanese statesman, philosopher, & writer of a 17 article constitution |
| - In 589 AD, Chinese scholar-official Yan Zhitui makes first reference to use of toilet paper in history. |
| - Significant to history of agriculture, Chinese author Jia Sixia wrote treatise Qi Min Yao Shu in 535, & although it quotes 160 previous Chinese agronomy books, it is oldest existent Chinese agriculture treatise. In over one hundred thousand written Chinese characters, book covered land preparation, seeding, cultivation, orchard management, forestry, animal husbandry, trade, & culinary uses for crops. |
| - 589 China reunified under Sui Dynasty (589 – 618). |
| - 606 Jianzhi Sengcan. third Chán Buddhist Patriarch |
| - 549 - 623 74 Jizang. Buddhist monk & scholar, founder of Three Treatise School |
| - 629 - 301 Emperor Taizong's campaign against Eastern Tujue, Chinese Tang Dynasty forces under commanders Li Jing & Li Shiji destroy Göktürk Khanate. |
| - 635 - 4914 Alopen, a Persian Christian priest introduces Nestorian Christianity into China. |
| - 600's Main compound, Horyu-ji, Nara Prefecture, Japan is built. Asuka period. |
| - Muhan Khan, Khagan of Göktürk Empire from (554 - 572) during which Sogdian influence reached its zenith |
| - Buddhist temple construction commences at Bagan, Burma |
| - 900's Coastal cities on Malay Peninsula are seed for first recorded Malay kingdoms |
| - 802 Jayavarman II of Khmer people in Cambodia founds Khmer empire & establishes Angkorian dynasty. |
| - Laguna Copperplate Inscription, Kavi script, inscribed in Luzon, Philippines, dated Saka year 822 (900) |
| - Borobodur, famous Indonesian Buddhist structure, begins construction, probably as a non-Buddhist shrine. |
| - 618 Chenla kingdom completely absorbed Funan. |
| Formation of Tu'i Tonga Empire & of Tuʻi Tonga dynasty in Tonga |
| 'Aho'eitu (early 10th century), first king of Tuʻi Tonga |
| - Earlist known occurrence in Mexico of Lost-wax casting. |
| Topiltzin Ce Acatl Quetzalcoatl, semi-legendaric Toltec ruler, (exact years of his life are unknown) |
| - 900's Collapse of central lowland Maya civilization. End of Classic Maya period, begin Post-Classic Maya. |
| - 900's Rise of Toltecs in Mexico |
| - 900's Golden age of Ancestral Puebloans (Pueblo II) |
| - 900's The Mississippian culture begins in present day Southern United States |
| - 800's An unknown event causes decline of Maya Classical Era. |
| - Height of Classic period in pre-Columbian Maya civilization history. |
| - Classical Maya civilization begins to decline. |
| - Pacal Great, ruler of Maya state of Palenque |
| - 700 Mount Edziza volcanic complex erupts in northern British Columbia, Canada. |
| - 615 Pacal Great becomes king of Mayan city-state of Palenque |
| - 600's Teotihuacan is sacked. political & religious buildings are burned. |