300s
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Iron Age of Thailand 500 BC - 500 AD |
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European Iron Age 1200 - 400 AD |
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Axial Age 800 - 200 |
- Cast iron first used in Chinese Kingdom Wu with innovation of blast furnace, & soon becomes widespread for agricultural tools & weapons during Warring States.
- Trebuchet catapult is first used by followers of Chinese philosopher Mozi.
- Greeks invent Anchor with flukes.
- Greeks start to use shear-leg cranes for construction & loading of ships.
- Greeks invent linear perspective.
- Greeks develop an indirect lost wax process for casting bronze.
- 445 - 396 Chinese hydraulic engineer Ximen Bao oversees enormous canal system for agricultural irrigation, while employed by Marquis Wen of Wei
- Chinese philosopher Li Kui writes Book of Law in 407 BC, basis for law codes of following Qin Dynasty & partially that of Han Dynasty.
- Creation of Berlin Foundry Cup (early 5th century).
- 325 Odometer. Alexander.
- Oldest Brahmi script
- Romans build first aqueduct
- Chinese use handheld trigger crossbow for first time.
- 421 First crossbow, gastraphetes, is invented at Syracuse.
- Burnt brick first used in Greece.
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Donkey-powered mills first used in Greece.
- Torque with lion's-head terminals, from Susa made. now in Musee du Louvre, Paris.
- Daric, a coin first minted under Darius I of Persia made. It is now kept in Heberden Coin room, Ashmolean Museum, Oxford.
- 350 - 300 Tomb II, so called Tomb of Philip II of Macedon, Vergina, Macedonia made.
- 309 Qin cut through shoulder of mountain, making 'Separated Hill' that abated Mo River, & excavated two canals in plain of Chengdu. significance of this was phenomenal, as it allowed new Guanxian irrigation system to populate an area of some 40 by 50 miles (60 × 80 km) with over five million people, still in use today
- Chinese astronomer Gan De divides celestial sphere into 365¼ degrees, & tropical year into 365¼ days when most astronomers used Babylon division of celestial sphere as 360 degrees
- First Roman Sundial
- 290 sixth wonder of world, Brass Colossus of Rhodes, built.
| - 284 - 48 Alexandrian Library |
| - 263 - 46 Great Wall of China constructed |
- Eratosthenes accurately calculates diameter of Earth.
- Weiqi well-established in China, & may date back to 2nd millennium BC.
- Stone of Canopus (for Ptolemy III), No. 1, in Rosetta Stone Series of 3 stones. Implements Leap year in Egypt. Leap year not formally recognized until Caesar in 55 BC.
- Water screw invented by Archimedes.
- Musical instrument hydraulis, precursory to Pipe organ by Ctesibius, a Greek engineer working in Alexandria
- Emperor Gaozu of Han China discovers elaborate mechanical puppet theater in treasury of previous ruler Qin Shihuang.
- 256 Enormous Du Jiang Yan Irrigation System of China is engineered & constructed by Li Bing
- Burial chamber, Tomb of Reliefs, Cerveteri, made.
- Great Stupa, Sanchi, Madhya Pradesh, India, Maurya period, founded by King Ashoka.
- Silk exported to Europe from China.
- 190 Solar eclipse recorded in Rome
- 174 Streets of Rome paved.
- 170 First public bakery started in Rome.
- 168 Lunar eclipse recorded in Rome
- 100s Compass
- Chinese first produce Paper
- Silk Road between Europe & Asia
- Hipparchus discovers precession of Earth's equinoxes & compiles first trigonometric tables
- Liu An invented tofu
- Roman concrete (pozzolana) first used
- Rotary mill invented by ancient Greeks
- System for sending signs to communicate quickly over long distance described by Polybios
- Earliest known winnowing machine depicted in Han Dynasty Chinese tomb model. - 145 - 90 Chinese historian Sima Qian
- 00s Golf by Romans.
- Sunspots, first recorded by Chinese
- Antikythera mechanism is made
- First dome built by Romans
- Glass blowing invented in Roman Syria
- 40 Chinese Ji Jiu Pian dictionary published induring Han Dynasty is earliest known reference to hydraulic-powered trip hammer device.
- Late 1st century BC – Garden Scene, detail of a wall painting from Villa of Livia at Prima Porta, is made. It is now kept at Museo Nazionale Romano, Rome.
300's
200's
100's
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Kingdom of Breifne N Ireland 500 BC -1700 AD |
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Lithuania
Latvia
Estonia
Finland
Sweden
Norway
Denmark 
UK 
Ireland
Iceland Breifne
500 BC - 1700 AD
- N Ireland |
- West Germanic peoples migrate south into area of modern Germany, displacing Celts who had previously ruled this region.
- Proto-Germanic dividing into North & West Germanic & East Germanic (becomes Gothic, with no surviving modern language).
- 300's Invasion of Celts into Ireland.
| - 250 - 100 Development of runes |
- 10 Openwork box lid made now in National Museum of Ireland, Dublin.
- Odin settled Scandinavia.
- 84 Britain first known to be an island by Romans who sailed around it.
- 70 Odin settled Scandinavia.
| - 100 B.C. - 500 A.D. practice of sacrificing/executing people in bogs is carried out regularly in Scandinavia, especially Denmark. |
300's
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Austria
Germany
Liechtenstein
Switzerland
Monaco
France
Luxembourg
Belgium
Netherlands Jastorf Culture 500 - 50's
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La Tene Culture 450 - 50's
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Celtic rule 500 - 200
- Throughout most of Continental Europe |
- 279 Gallic invasion of Balkans
| - 150 - 100 Germans meet Romans- hate at first sight. |
300's
200's
100's
00's
Ancient Olympic Games in Greece 776 - 393 AD |
Roman Republic 753 - 27 AD  |
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< Punic Wars |
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Slovenia
Malta
Vatican City
San Marino
Italy
Andorra
Spain
Portugal
Turkey
Greece
Macedonia
Serbia
Montenegro
Albania
Bosnia & Herzegovina
CroatiaSparta 1490 - 146 1344
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Sparta 1490 - 146 1344
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Illyria 700 - 167 533
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- 500 - 400 Classical Period |
| - 570 - 495 Pythagoras Greek philosopher & mathematician, on island of Samos. |
- 499 - 494 Ionian Revolt
- 499 Sardisdestroyed by Athenian & Ionian troops.
- 498 Leontinisubjugated by Hippocrates of Gela.
- Alexander I succeeds his father Amyntas I as king of Macedon.
498 death of Amyntas I, king of Macedonia
- 497 Potidaea is struck by a tsunami.
- 496 Battle of Lake Regillus: A legendary early Roman victory, won over either Etruscans or Latins.
- 495 Temple to Mercury on Circus Maximus in Rome is built.
| - 495 - 05 Sophocles The second major Greek playwright & author of Oedipus Rex & Antigone. Wrote 113 plays. Only 7 are existent today. |
- 494 The year Rome changed from an Aristocratic Republic to a Liberalized Republic.
- 493 Piraeus, port town of Athens, is founded.
- 493 Coriolanus captures Volscian town of Corioli for Rome.
- 493 - 429 Pericles rules Athens. He solidifies Cleistenes' reforms & masterminds construction of Parthenon. |
- 491 Leotychidas II succeeds his cousin Demaratus as king of Sparta.
- 491 Gelo becomes Tyrant of Gela.
- 490 The Battle of Marathon, where Darius I of Persia is defeated by Athenians & Plataeans under Miltiades.
- 490 Phidippides runs 40 kilometers from Marathon to Athens to announce news of Greek victory; origin of marathon long-distance race.
- 488 Death of Miltiades, Athenian general
- 488 Leonidas I succeeds his brother Cleomenes I as king of Sparta after Cleomenes is judged insane.
- 491 death of Hippocrates, Tyrant of Gela
- 490 First Persian invasion of Greece, Battle of Marathon.
- 300 Spartans 1962
- Battle of Marathon between Athens & Darius' Persia; Athens is overwhelmingly victorious.
- 487 Aegina & Athens go to war.
- Athenian Archonship becomes elective by lot, an important milestone in move towards radical Athenian democracy.
- 485 Heraclitus of Ephesus flourishes. He teaches that reality is in a constant state of flux: "One cannot step into same river twice."
- 484 Joiakim became High Priest in Jerusalem.
- 484 Athenian playwright Aeschylus wins a poetry prize.
| - 484 - 425 Herodotus The father of history. |
- Second Persian invasion of Greece, Spartans are defeated at Thermopylae, Athens is occupied by Persians. Persians are finally defeated at Salamis.
- Battle of Artemisium. Persian fleet fights an inconclusive battle with Greek allied fleet.
- 480 First Sicilian War
- 480 - 406 Euripides lived 74 years. Last of three great Greek Tradegidians. Wrote 95 plays. |
- 479 Persians are defeated at Plataea.
- death of Mardonius, Persian commander at Plataea
- death of Ephialtes, betrayer of Greece at Battle of Thermopylae
- 478 - 477 Greek counterattack
Athenian Empire
- Ancient Greece Delos island Also known as Delian League. It was an association of Greek city-states.478 - 404 74 |
- Delian League inaugurated.
| - 776 - 393 Ancient Olympic Games in Greece |
- 476 Archidamus II succeeds his grandfather Leotychides, who is banished to Tegea, as king of Sparta.
Odrysian Kingdom
-475 - 46 AD |
- 474 Greekpoet Pindar moves to Thebes.
- 472 Tragedy The Persians is produced by Aeschylus.
- 471 Athenian politician Themistocles ostracized.
- 468 Sophocles, Greek playwright, defeats Aeschylus for Athenian Prize.
- 468 Antium captured by Roman forces.
- 475 death of Heraclitus of Ephesus, Greek philosopher
- Carystus in Euboea forced to join Delian League.
- 470 - 399 Socrates
Famous philosopher of ethics. He leaves no written work himself, but is protagonist of Plato's dialogues.- Socrates 1970 - Barefoot in Athens 1966 |
- 469 death of Simonides of Ceos, Greek lyric poet
- 468 death of Aristides, Athenian statesman
- 466 Delian League defeats Persia at Battle of Eurymedon.
- 466 Greek colony of Taras, in Magna Graecia, is defeated by Iapyges, a native population of ancient Apulia; Tarentine monarchy falls, with installation of a democracy & expulsion of Pythagoreans.
- 464 - 455 3rd Messenian War
- 461 - 429 Pericles in public life, democracy perfected & court system completed. |
- 460 - 445 First Peloponnesian War
- 451 death of Verginia, legendary victim of decemviri
- 450 birth of Alcibiades, Athenian general & politician
- 450 death of Cimon, major political figure in Athens & son of Miltiades
- 450 death of Alexander I, king of Macedonia
- 449 - 448 Second Sacred War
- 449 B suicide of Appius Claudius, former decemvir
- 449 suicide of Spurius Oppius, former decemvir
- 446 - 385 Aristophanes of Athens, playwright
- 446 birth of Marcus Furius Camillus, Roman soldier & statesman traditional date
- 443 death of Pindar, Greek poet
- 442 death of King Zhending of Zhou, king of Zhou Dynasty of China
- 440 Meron determines two points of solstice.
- Democritus proposes existence of indivisible particles he calls atoms.
- 440 Samian War between Athens & Samos.
- 439 Cincinnatus again becomes dictator of Roman Republic; during his term he defeats Volsci.
- 439 According to legend, Gaius Servilius Ahala saves Rome from Spurius Maelius.
- 438 Ictinus & Callicrates finish construction of Parthenon, located on Athens' Acropolis.
- 435 The Statue of Zeus at Olympia by Phidias, one of seven wonders of world, is completed.
- 434 Conflict occurs between Greek island of Kerkyra & its mother-city Corinth.
- 434 Anaxagoras tries to square circle with straightedge & compass.
- 433 Battle of Sybota between Corcyra & Corinth.
- 432 Athens adopts a 19-year cycle of synchronizing solar & lunar calendars.
- 432 Athens defeats Corinth in battle of Potidaea.
- 432 The Greek colony of Heraclea is founded by Tarentum & Thurii.
- 431 - 404 Second Peloponnesian War begins between Sparta & Athens & their allies.
- 431 Defeat of Aequians by Romans under dictator A. Postumius Tubertus.
- 431 The Greek physician & philosopher Empedocles articulates notion that human body has four humors: blood, bile, black bile, & phlegm, a belief that dominates medical thinking for centuries.
- 430 Athens suffers a major pestilence, believed to be caused by epidemic typhus.
- 430 First performance of Sophocles's Oedipus King.
- 428 Mytilene rebels against Athens but is crushed.
- 428 Sparta attempts to crush a rebellion on Corcyra, but cancels effort when Athenians try to intercept them.
- Greek colony of Cumae in Italy falls to Samnites.
- 427 Leaders of Mytilenian revolt executed.
- 427 Platea surrenders to Spartans, who execute over 200 prisoners & destroy city.
- 427 Athenians intervene in Sicily to blockade Sparta from island.
- 426 Demosthenes unsuccessfully besieges Corinthian colony of Leukas.
- 426 When Ambracia invades Acarnania, they seek help from Spartans & Athenians respectively. Athenians then defeat Spartans in Battle of Olpae
- 425 Demosthenes captures port of Pylos in Peloponnesus.
- 425 Athenians invade Sphacteria & defeat Spartans in Battle of Pylos.
- 424 Sicily withdraws from war & expels every foreign power. Thus, Athens is forced to withdraw from island.
- 424 The Athenians try to capture Megara, but are defeated by Spartans.
- 424 Spartan general Brasidas captures Amphipolis, which is a setback for Athens. Thucydides is held responsible for Athenian failure & is ostracised. This gives him time to start writing his history book- 423 Athenians propose a cease-fire, which Spartan general Brasidas ignores.
- 422 Spartans defeat Athenians in Battle of Amphipolis, where Athenian Cleon & Spartan Brasidas are both killed.
- 421 Peace of Nicias puts a temporary end to hostilities between Athens & Sparta.
- 420 Alicibiades elected strategos of Athens & begins dominating Athenian politics.
- 419 Peace of Nicias is broken when Sparta defeats Argos.
- 418 Spartans win a major victory over Athenians in Battle of Mantinea, biggest land battle of Peloponnesian War.
- 416 Athenians capture island of Melos & treat inhabitants with great cruelty.
- 416 Athenians adheres a plea of help from Sicily & starts planning an invasion of island.
- 415 The sacred Hermae busts in Athens are mutilated just before expedition to Sicily is sent away. One of culprits, Andocides, is captured & is forced to turn informer. He names other mutilators, among them Alcibiades, who are sentenced to death in their absence.
- 415 Alcibiades defects from Athens to Sparta after having learned about his death sentence.
- 414 Athenians try to make a breakthrough in their siege of Syracuse but are defeated by Spartans.
- 413 Demosthenes suggests Athenians leave Syracuse in order to return to Athens, where help is needed. However, Nicias refuses & they are again defeated in battle by Spartans. Both Demosthenes & Nicias are killed.
- 413 Caria allies itself with Sparta.
- 437 death of Volumnius, Etruscan ruler, in Veii
- 436 birth of Isocrates, Athenian orator
- 435 - 380 Philoxenus of Cythera, Greek dithyrambic poet
- death of Phidias, Greek sculptor
- death of Zeno of Elea, Greek philosopher
- 458 Greek playwright Aeschylus completes Oresteia, a trilogy that tells story of a family blood feud. plays will have a great influence on future writers.
- Cincinnatus named dictator of Roman Republic in order to defend it against Aequi. Sixteen days later, after defeating invaders at Battle of Mons Algidus, he resigns & returns to his farm.
- 455 A thirty years' truce concluded between Athens & Lacedaemon.
- Euripides presents his first known tragedy, Peliades, in Athenian festival of Dionysia.
| - 460 - 370 Hippocratesknown as "The Father of Medicine" is born. |
- Battle of Tanagra Spartans defeat Athenians near Thebes.
- Battle of Oenophyta Athenians defeat Thebans & take control of Boeotia.
- 454 Delian League, a naval alliance of Athens & other city-states, is established through talks on isle of Delos.
- treasury of Delian League is moved from Delos to Athens.
- Athens loses a fleet & possibly as many as 50,000 men in a failed attempt to aid an Egyptian revolt against Persia.
- Hostilities between Segesta & Selinunte, two Greek cities on Sicily.
- 448 Peace with Persians
- 443 - 429 Pericles leader of Athens during Golden Age.
- 442 Sophocles writes Antigone.
- 440 Famine in Rome.
- 431 - 404 Peloponnesian War between Athens & Sparta. |
- 429 Battle of Chalcis- Chalcidians & allies defeat Athens.
- Battle of Naupactus - Phormio defeats Peloponnesian fleet.
- King Sitalkes of Thrace invades Macedonia.
- 429 - 347 Plato Socrates' most distinguished student lived 82 years. |
- 411The democracy in Athens is overthrown & replaced by oligarchic Council of Four Hundred. This council is itself soon defeated & order is almost restored, when Five Thousand start ruling. Early next year, they are also overthrown & old democracy is restored.
- 410 Athens regains control over its vital grain route from Black Sea by defeating Sparta in Battle of Cyzicus.
- 410 - 340 Second Sicilian War
- 409 Athens recaptures Byzantium, thereby putting an end to its revolt against Athens & taking control of whole Bosporus.
- 409 City of Rhodes founded.
- 409 Carthaginians invade Sicily.
- 408 Alcibiades returns to Athens in triumph after an absence of seven years.
- 407 Athenian fleet routed by Spartan one in Battle of Notium, which gives Alcibiades' opponents a reason to strip him of command. He never returns to Athens again.
- 406 Athens defeats Sparta in Battle of Arginusae & blockade of Conon is lifted.
- 406 Sparta sues for peace, but Athens rejects this.
- 406 Carthaginians once again invade Sicily & return to Carthage with spoils of war, but also with plague.
- 405 Spartan king Pausanias lays siege to Athens, which makes city start starving.
- 405 Dionysius Elder rises to power in Syracuse. He signs a peace with Carthage & starts consolidating & expanding his influence.
- 404 Athens surrenders to Sparta, ending Peloponnesian War. Sparta introduces an oligarchic system, Thirty Tyrants, in Athens.
- 406 Soldiers first paid in Rome.
- 404 Athens Surrenders to Sparta.
- 403 Some exiled Athenians return to fight Thirty Tyrants & restore democracy in Athens. are, however, narrowly defeated by Spartans in Battle of Piraeus. After this, Spartan king Pausanias allows democracy to be restored in Athens.
- 403 Thrasybulus restores Athenian democracy & grants an almost general amnesty.
- 403 The Athenians adopt Ionian alphabet.
- 400 Carthaginians occupy Malta.
Illyria 385 - 135 250
- Illyria
- 385 - 58 27 Bardyllis - 358 - ? Audata probably daughter of Bardyllis & wife of Philip 2 married to him after battle of 358. - Cleitus Illyrian < - Bardyllis 2 ^ - Bircenna Queen ^ - Longarus - - 370 Bato ^
- 356 - 40 16 Lycceius - 340 - 15 25 Patraus - 315 - 285 30 Audoleon^ |
Sparta 1490 - 146 1344
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Sparta 1490 - 146 1344
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- 399 Craterus
- 399 - 6 3 Orestes & Aeropus 2 - 396 - 3 3 Archelaus 2 - 393 Amyntas 2 - 393 Pausanias 2 - 393 Amyntas 3 - 393 - 2 1 Argaeus 2 - 392 - 70 22 Amyntas 3 - 370 - 68 2 Alexander 2 - 368 - 59 9 Perdiccas 3 - 368 - 5 3 Ptolemy of Aloros 2 Regent of Macedon - 359 - 6 3 Amyntas 4 - 359 - 36 23 Philip 2 - 336 - 23 13 Alexander 3, Great - 334 - 23 11 Antipater Regent of Macedon - 323 - 17 6 Philip 3 Arrhidaeus - 323 - 10 13 Alexander 4 - 323 - 1 2 Perdiccas 2 Regent of Macedon Empire - 321 - 19 2 Antipater Regent of Macedon Empire - 319 - 7 2 Polyperchon 2 Regent of Macedon Empire - 317 - 05 12 Cassander Regent of Macedon |
- 400 - 330 Late Classical |
- 395 - 387 Corinthian War
| - 395 - 40 45 Warfare between rival Greek leagues. |
| - 384 - 22 62 Aristotle |
- 371 Thebes defeats Sparta at Leuctra
- 359 Philip II became king of Macedon. He first married Olympias, then Cleopatra.
- 358 - 338 Wars of Rise of Macedon
- 357 - 355 Social War between Second Athenian Empire & allies of Chios, Rhodes, & Cos as well as Byzantium
- 356 - 346 Third Sacred War
- 356 Alexander III Great born.
- 343 - 290 Samnite Wars between Rome & Samnium
- 343 - 341 First Samnite War
- 338 In Greece Philip of Macedon conquered country & was succeeded by his son 2 years later. Athens ceased to be a major power from this point on. Philip’s League of Corinth was composed of impotent Hellenic states that had lost their collective freedom at battle of Chaeronea.
- Philip II erected Olympia’s Philippeion in Athens following his victory at Chaeronea. round marble building was completed by his son, Alexander.
- Philip of Macedonia leads Greek City States.
- 336 - 32 Alexander greats conquerings.
Macedonian Empire
- Hellenistic Greece Pella Founded by Alexander Great. Wars of Alexander Great 334 - 323 11 |
- 332 Alexander Great defeated city of Tyre. Alexandria built, walls six miles in circumference residence of Ptolemies, Greek sovereigns of Egypt.
- 330 Persia fell to Alexander Great.
- Alexander Great 1956 2004
- 330 - 30 Hellenistic Age |
- 323 Alexander died in Babylon at 32. His general, Ptolemy, took possession of Egypt.
- 323 Macedonian empire divided into: Egypt Syria, under King of Phrygia, Anticonus; Cappadocia, Asia Minor, under Eumenes; Bithynia, under Bas; Pergamus, under Lysimachus; Greece, under Cassander; Thrace, under Lysimachus; & Macedon under, Philip Aridaeus III.
- 323 - 322 Lamian War Athenians & their Aetolian, Locrian, & Phocian allies against Macedonians in Thessaly
- 315 - 307 Third Sicilian War
- 312 Appius Claudius constructed first Roman military road, 350 mile long "Appian Way."
- 300's Battle of Allia & subsequent Gaulish sack of Rome.
- 300's Romans conquer Abruzzi region, decline of Etruscan civilization.
- 300's Dalmatae push Liburni west & Daorsi & Ardiaei east
- 390's Diadem, reputed to have been found in a tomb near Hellespont. It is now at Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York.
- 300's Praxiteles or his followers makes Hermes & infant Dionysos. A Hellenistic or Roman copy after a Late Classical original is at Archaeological Museum of Olympia. Discovered in rubble or ruined Temple of Hera at Olympia in 1875.
- 350's Skopas makes Panel from Amazon frieze, south side of Mausoleum at Halikarnassos. It is now kept at British Museum, London.
Sparta 1490 - 146 1344
- 309 - 265 44 Areus 1
- 265 - 2 3 Acrotatus 2 - 262 - 54 8 Areus 2 - 254 - 35 19 Leonidas 2 - 235 - 22 13 Cleomenes 3 Following Cleomenes 3's defeat in Battle of Sellasia by Antigonus 3 Doson of Macedon & Achaean League, Spartan system began to break down. Sparta was a republic from 221 to 219 BC. - 219 - 5 4 Agesipolis 3 (Agiad) last Agiad King of Sparta |
Sparta 1490 - 146 1344
- 305 - 275 30 Archidamus 4
- 275 - 45 30 Eudamidas 2 - 245 - 1 4 Agis 4 - 241 - 28 13 Eudamidas 3 - 228 - 7 1 Archidamus 5 - 227 - 1 6 Eucleidas (Eucleidas was actually an Agiad - his brother Cleomenes 3 deposed his Eurypontid colleague & installed his brother as co-king) - 219 - 10 4 Lycurgus (Eurypontid) - 210 - 7 3 Machanidas (tyrant) - 210 - 6 4 Pelops (king) (Eurypontid) last king from either of old dynasties, opponent of Machanidas |
- 297 Philip 4
- 297 - 4 3 Alexander 5 & Antipater 2 - 286 - 5 1 Pyrrhus of Epirus - 281 - 79 2 Ptolemy Keraunos 2 - 279 Meleager - 279 - 6 3 Sosthenes - 239 - 29 10 Demetrius 2 Aetolicus - 229 - 1 8 Antigonus 3 - 221 - 179 42 Philip 5 |
| - 323 - 148 Greek City States remain relatively independent. Frequent warfare continues between rival leagues. |
- 298 - 290 Third Samnite War
- 298 Samnites defeat Romans under Lucius Cornelius Scipio Barbatus in Battle of Camerinum, first battle of Third Samnite War.
- 293 Time first divided into hours by a sundial of L. Papirius, Cursor at Rome.
- 290 Sixth wonder of world Brass Colossus of Rhodes built.
- 287 Archimedes born. He invented, among other things, screw & lever.
- 280 King Pyrrhus of Epirus invades Italy in an attempt to subjugate Romans & bring Italy under a new empire ruled by himself.
- Construction of Colossus of Rhodes is completed
- "second" Brennus, Gaulish chieftain, invades Macedonia in 279
- 267 - 261 Chremonidean War Greek city-states against Macedonian domination.
- 264 First Punic War breaks out between Carthaginian Empire & Roman Republic.
- 260 First Roman fleet built.
- 250 Parthian Empire started.
Punic Wars 1 & 2
- Hannibal 1960246 - 241 & 218 - 202 - Scipio Africanus: Defeat of Hannibal 1939 - Cabiria 1910 |
Pergamon Kingdom
- 241 - 133 |
- 223 Macedonian empire divided into: Egypt under Ptolemy I Lagus (Reputed son of Philip, half brother of Alexander); Syria, under King of Phrygia, Anticonus; Cappadocia, Asia Minor, under Eumenes; Bithynia, under Bas; Pergamus, under Lysimachus; Greece, under Cassander; Thrace, under Lysimachus; & Macedon under, Philip Aridaeus III.
- 221 Hannibal of Carthage defeated Romans.
- 218 Second Punic War begins. Hannibal makes his famous Alpine crossing to invade Italy, Roman heartland.
- 216 Hannibal famously crushed Roman legions at Battle of Cannae.
- Roman armies penetrate into heart of Samnite territory & then capture Samnite cities of Taurasia, Bovianum Vetus & Aufidena
- Agathocles, king of Syracuse, assists Italian Greeks against Bruttians & supported Greeks against Romans.
- Ptolemy gives his stepdaughter Theoxena in marriage to Agathocles, tyrant of Syracuse (in south-eastern Sicily).
- Appius Claudius Caecus, Aqua Appia, Via Appia, invented letter G
- Arcesilaus, founder of new Academy
- 279 Singidunum & Taurunum, today's Belgrade & Zemun, is founded by Scordisci Celts.
- 270's After failing to decisively defeat Romans, Pyrrhus of Epirus withdraws from Italy.
- 270's Gallic migration to Macedon, Thrace & Galatia
- 287 - 212 Archimedes of Syracuse, mathematician, physicist, & engineer |
- 276 - 194 EratosthenesGreek mathematician, geographer & astronomer |
- 215 - 168 Macedonian Wars
- 215 - 205 First Macedonian War
- 202 Romans defeat Carthaginians, ending Second Punic War. Carthage's territories are reduced to city itself, & crippling reparations are demanded by Rome.
Sparta 1490 - 146 1344
- 192 Achaean League annexed Sparta in |
- 200 - 199 Cycliadas
- 199 - 8 Aristaenos of Megalopolis - 198 - 7 Nicostratos - 195 - 4 Aristaenos of Megalopolis - 193 - 2 Philopoemen of Megalopolis - 192 - 1 Diophanes - 191 - 86 5 Philopoemen of Megalopolis - 186 - 5 Aristaenos of Megalopolis - 185 - 4 Lycortas of Megalopolis - 184 - 2 2 Archon - 183 - 2 Philopoemen of Megalopolis - 182 - 1 Lycortas of Megalopolis - 180 - 79 Calicrates - 175 - 4 Xenarchos - 172 - 169 3 Archon - 151 - 50 Menalkidas of Sparta - 150 - 49 Diaeos of Megalopolis - 149 - 8 Damocritus - 148 - 6 2 Diaeos of Megalopolis - 147 - 6 Critolaos of Megalopolis |
- 200 - 196 Second Macedonian War
- 198 Greek Bible translated at Alexandria by 70 Hebrew scholars.
- 191 - 188 Roman-Syrian War
- 174 Streets of Rome paved.
- 171 - 168 Third Macedonian War
- 170 First public bakery started in Rome.
- 168 Macedon conquered by Rome. Battle of Pydna
- 167 Rome takes Illyria
- 161 Jews signed a treaty with Romans. first treaty with Jews on record.
| - 160 - 25 Hipparchus of Nice, Bithynia. laid foundations of Geographical & Astronomical Science. |
| - 150 - 100 Germans meet Romans - hate at first sight. |
-149 - 6 3 3rd Punic War - Carthage in Flames 1959 |
- 146 Corinth destroyed by Romans.
- Greece became a Roman province under name of Athens.
- Carthiage was taken by Scipio & became a part of Rome.
- Greek city-states become part of Roman Empire.
- 135 - 71 Roman Servile Wars
- 135 - 132 First Servile War
- 133 Spain became a Roman province. Pergamus became a Roman province.
- 122 - 105 Jugurthine War
- 113 - 101 Cimbrian War between Roman Republic & Proto-Germanic tribes of Cimbri & Teutons (Teutones), who migrated from northern Europe into Roman controlled territory
- 107 Roman consul Gaius Marius passes Marian Reforms, which remove all ownership restrictions for joining Roman Army.
| - 106 - 43 Cicero Roman orator & philosopher |
- Terence, Latin playwright
- Apollonius of Perga, Greek geometer
- Apollonius of Rhodes, author of Jason & Argonauts
- Appius Claudius Pulcher, Roman consul & censor
- Lucius Aemilius Paullus Macedonicus, Roman general & politician
- Lucius Cornelius Sulla, Roman general & politician
- Lucius Mummius Achaicus, conqueror of Corinth
- Gaius Marius, Roman general & politician
- Perseus of Macedon, last King of Antigonid dynasty
- Plautus, Latin playwright
- Quintus Lutatius Catulus, Roman general
- Scipio Aemilianus Africanus, conqueror of Carthage
- 120's Temple perhaps dedicated to Portunes, Forum Boarium, Rome, is built.
- 110's Aulus Metellus, found near Perugia, is made. It is now kept at Museo Archeologico Nazionale, Florence.
- Segestani attacked by Romans
- Boiorix, king of Cimbri
- Flaccus, musical collaborator of Terence
- 104 - 100 Second Servile War
- Porta Augusta, Perugia, is built.
- House of Vettii, Pompeii built.
- 92 Lucullus invades Armeniasetting off centuries long Roman-Persian Wars.
- 91 - 88 Social War
- 89 - 63 Mithridatic Wars between Rome & Kingdom of Pontus
- 89 - 85 First Mithridatic War
- 88 - 87 Sulla's first civil war
- 86 Athens sacked by Sulla.
- 84 Britain first known to be an island by Romans who sailed around it.
- 83 - 82 Second Mithridatic War
- 82 - 81 Sulla's second civil war
- 81 Sulla appointed dictator of Rome brings major reforms.
- 74 - 63 Third Mithridatic War
- 73 - 71 Third Servile War or Spartacist Rebellion Sparticus's slave revolt 3rd Servile War.
- Spartacus 1960 - Spartacus 2004 - Sins of Rome 1954 |
| - 70 - 19 Virgil poet |
- 60 first Triumvirate of Julius Caesar, Crassus
- & Pompey were formed.
- Pompey of Rome conquered Jerusalem.
- 53 Crasus invaded Parthia, defeated.
- 49 Julius Caesar crossed Rubicon river, precipitating war with Rome.
- 49 - 45 Caesar's civil war
- 48 Syria became a part of Rome.
- 46 - 15 AD Ovid, "the love-poet of Romans" was born. He lived 61 years & authored over 54 books.
Julius Caesar 100 - 44 56
- Julius Caesar 1953- Julius Caesar 2002 - Julius Caesar 1970 - Rome 2005 |
- 44 - 30 Roman Civil War 44 Post-Caesarian civil war
- 44 - 42 The Liberators' civil war
- 44 - 36 Sicilian revolt
- 43 Octavius, Lepidus & Mark Antony formed second Triumvirate.
- 41 - 40 Fulvia's civil war
- 37 Roman Senate appointed Herod, an Idumean Arab, King of Judea. He ruled for 34 years. Herod began construction of great Jewish Temple on Mt. Moriah in Jerusalem.
- 36 Lepidus expelled from Triumvirate.
- 32 - 30 Antony's civil war
- 31 Octavius, at Actium, defeated Cleopatra & Antony.
- 30 Egypt became a Roman province.
| - 27 BC - 14 AD Octavius ruled 44 years as first Emperor of Rome. Golden Age of Rome started. |
- Livy, Roman historian
- Cato Younger, politician & statesma
- Lucius Licinius Lucullus, Roman general & politician
- Lucretius, Roman philosopher
- Marcus Licinius Crassus, Roman general & politician
- Marcus Junius Brutus, Caesar's adopted son, supposedly killed him
- Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa, Roman statesman & general
- Marcus Vitruvius Pollio Roman writer, architect & engineer
- Pompey Magnus, Roman general & politician
- Quintus Sertorius, Roman statesman & general
- Sextus Pompeius, Roman general & son of Pompey
- Ovid, Roman poet
- Virgil, Roman poet
300's
200's
100's
00's
Russia
Bulgaria
Moldova
Romania
Ukraine
Belarus
Hungary
Slovakia
Czech Rep
Poland300's
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100's
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Kush Kingdom |
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Egypt
Libya
Tunisia
Algeria
Morocco
Ethiopia
Eritrea
Djibouti
Somalia
Mauritius
Seychelles
Comoros
Tanzania
Malawi
Kenya
Uganda Carthage 814 - 308 506
- 480 - 40 40 Hanno 2 - 460 - 10 50 Himilco 1 (in Sicily) - 440 - 06 34 Hannibal 1 - 406 - 396 10 Himilco 2 |
Egypt
- 521 - 486 35 Darius 1 Great
- 486 - 65 21 Xerxes 1 Great - 465 - 4 1 Artabanus Hyrcanian - 464 - 24 40 Artaxerxes 1 Longhand - 424 - 3 1 Xerxes 2 - 424 - 3 1 Sogdianus - 424 - 04 20 Darius 2 |
Egypt
- 404 - 398 Amyrtaeus Descendant of Saite pharaohs of Twenty-sixth Dynasty; led a successful revolt against Persians precursors to Chess
- 400's - 300's battle games petteia & seega; possible |
Kush 1070 BC - 350 AD
- @ Kerma, Napata, Meroe, Sudan.
 #Egyptian phase 100K Meroite phase 1.15M - 487 - 468 King Siaspiqa Nuri 4 Queen Piankhqew-qa? (Nuri 28) - 468 - 463 King Nasakhma Nuri 8Queen Saka'aye? (Nuri 31) - 463 - 435 King Malewiebamani Nuri 11 - 435 - 431 King Talakhamani Nuri 16 - 431 - 405 King Amanineteyerike Nuri 12Queen Atasamale? - 405 - 404 King Baskakeren Nuri 17 |
- 487 Egypt revolts against Persians.
- 486 Egypt revolts against Persian rule.
- 484 Persians regain control of Egypt.
- 404 Egypt rebels against Persian rule.
Carthage 814 - 308 506
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- 335 Upper Egypt returned to Persian control
- 332 Alexander 3 Great defeated city of Tyre. Alexandria, in Egypt, walls of which were six miles in circumference was built by Alexander Great. It became residence of Ptolemies, Greek sovereigns of Egypt.
- 323 Death of Alexander, division of his empire
- 322 Alexander buried in Alexandria.
- 332 - 09 23 Argead Dynasty
- 323 - 317 Philip 3 Arrhidaeus Feeble-minded half-brother of Alexander 3 Great
- 317 - 09 8 Alexander 4 of Macedon Son of Alexander 3 Great & Roxana
Egypt
- 398 - 93 Nefaarud 1
- 393 Psammuthes - 393 - 80 Hakor - 380 Nefaarud 2 |
Egypt
- 380 - 62 Nectanebo 1
- 362 - 60 Teos of Egypt - 360 - 43 Nectanebo 2 |
Egypt
- 343 - 38 Artaxerxes 3 Egypt came under Persian rule for second time
- 338 Artaxerxes 4 Arses Only reigned in Lower Egypt - 338 - 36 Khabbabash Leader of a Nubian revolt in Upper Egypt - 336 - 32 Codomannus |
Punic Wars 1 & 2
- Hannibal 1960246 - 241 & 218 - 202 - Scipio Africanus: Defeat of Hannibal 1939 - Cabiria 1910 |
| - 220 - 183 Hannibal reigned Carthage |
- 284 Alexandrian Library built by Plolemy-Philadelpohus with 700,000 volumes.
| - 284 - 48 236 Alexandrian Library |
Egypt
- 305 - 285 20 Ptolemy 1
- ? - 285 Soter Berenice 1 - 288 - 46 42 Ptolemy 2 Philadelphos - 284 - 74 10 Arsinoe 1 - 277 - 70 7 Arsinoe 2 - 270 Ptolemy 3 - 246 - 22 24 Euergetes 1 - 244 - 22 22 Berenice 2 - 222 Ptolemy 4 - 222 - 04 18 Philopator - 220 - 04 16 Arsinoe 3 |
Kush 1070 BC - 350 AD
Second Phase
- 290's King Aktisanes Barkal 11 or 14 Kandake AlakhebaskenKush (Meroe) - 270's King Aryamani Barkal 11 or 14 - 270's King Kash(...) Barkal 15? - 270's King Piankhi-yerike-qa - 270's King Sabrakamani Barkal 7 Third Phase
- 270 - 260 King Arakamani (Arkamani-qo, Ergamenês)King of Kush (Meroe) - 260 - 250 King Amanislo - 240's King Aman-tekha - 240's King Sheshep-ankh-en-Amun Setepenre - 240's King Arnekhamani - 200's - 190's King Arqamani |
- Ptolemy finally brings rebellious region of Cyrene under his control. He places region under rule of his stepson Magas.
- 190 Greek Bible (Septuagint) translated at Alexandria, in Egypt by 70 Hebrew scholars. This translation was authorized by Sanhedrin in Jerusalem in order to give Jewish exiles a scripture in language of their exile.
Egypt
- 204 - 180 24 Epiphanes
- 193 - 76 17 Cleopatra 1 - 176 Ptolemy 6 - 180 - 74 16 Philometor - 174 1 Cleopatra 2 - 174 - 69 5 Ptolemy 8 - 169 - 64 Ptolemy 6 Philometor & Cleopatra 2 - Ptolemy 6 - 163 - 45 Philometor - 163 - 27 Cleopatra 2 - 127 Ptolemy 7 - 145 - 144 Neos Philopator - 144 Ptolemy 8 - 145 - 31 Euergetes 2 - 142 - 31 Cleopatra 3 - 131 Ptolemy Memphitis - 131 - 127 Ptolemy 8 - 127 - 16 Euergetes 2 - 127 - 07 Cleopatra 3 - 124 - 16 Cleopatra 2 - 116 Ptolemy 9 - 116 - 10 Soter 2 - 116 - 15 Cleopatra 4 - 115 - 110 Ptolemy 10 - 110 - 09 Alexander 1 - 109 Ptolemy 9 - 109 - 07 Soter 2 - 107 - 88 Alexander 1 - 88 Ptolemy 10 |
Kush 1070 BC - 350 AD
- 100's King Adikhalamani
- 100's King mr t - 100's King (unknown Qore) - 100's Queen Shanakdakhete - 100's - 90's King Tanyidamani |
Egypt
- 204 - 181 Ptolemy 5
- 116 - 81 Ptolemy 9 - 88 - 81 Soter 2 - 81 - 80 Berenice 3 - Ptolemy 1 - 80 Alexander 2 - Ptolemy 12 -80 - 58 22 Neos Dionysos (Auletes) - Cleopatra 5 - 58 - 7 Tryphaena - ? - 58 Cleopatra 6 - 58 - 55 Berenice 4 - Ptolemy 12 - 55 - 1 4 Neos Dionysos - 51 - 30 21 Cleopatra 7 Jointly with her father Ptolemy 12, her brother Ptolemy 13, her brother-husband Ptolemy 14, & her son Ptolemy 15
- 48 - 7 1 Arsinoe 4 - 47 - 4 3 Ptolemy 14 Ptolemy 15 - 44 - 30 14 Caesarion |
Kush 1070 BC - 350 AD
- 90's King Naqyrinsan
- 90's King (unknown Qore) - 50's King (unknown Qore) - 29 - 25 King Aqrakamani - 29 - 25 King Teriteqas - 20's Queen Amanirenas - 10's BC Queen Amanishakheto |
- 31 Octavius, at Actium, defeated Cleopatra & Antony.
- 30 Egypt became a Roman province.
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Ancient Nok culture thrives in forests of central Nigeria. 500 BC - 200 AD |
Liberia
Sierra Leone 
Guinea
Guinea-Bissau
Gambia 
Senegal
Mauritania
Cape Verde
Nigeria
Niger
Benin
Togo
Ghana
Burkina Faso
Cote d'Ivoire
Mali| - 500 BC - 200 AD Ancient Nok culture thrives in forests of central Nigeria. Claimed by Yoruba peoples as ancestors, Nok are justly revered for their art & terra cottas. |
- 400 Working iron in Congo area
- 400 - 900's AD Axum |
- 200 Use of iron in Sub-saharan Africa
300's
200's
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00's
 Angola |
 Burundi |
 Rwanda |
 Zaire |
 Congo |
 Gabon |
 ST & Princ |
 CAF |
 Cameroon |
Chad300's
200's
100's
00's
Swaziland
Lesotho
South Africa
Madagascar
Mozambique
Zimbabwe
Botswana
Namibia
Zambia300's
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100's
00's
Scythia 700's BC - 100's AD |
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Armenia
Georgia
Jordan
Palestine
Israel
Lebanon
Cyprus
Oman
Yemen
UAE 
Qatar
Bahrain
Kuwait
Saudi Arabia
Iraq
Azerbaijan
Tajikistan
Kyrgyzstan
Uzbekistan
Turkmenistan
Kazakhstan| - 536 - 476 Book of Ezra |
| - 588 - 455 Kingdom of Judah post capture |
Book of Esther 483
- Esther & King 1960- Esther 1999 |
- 445 Nehemiah sent to "restore & rebuild" walls of Jerusalem.
- Book of Nehemiah written this year about wall.
- 433 Eliashib high priest in Jerusalem.
- 422 Destruction of Temple of Solomon. Book of Lamentations is about this
| - 420 - 397 Malachi Prophesied 23 years. |
Scythia 700's - 100's AD
- @Kazakstan |
Satrapy of Armenia
- 500's - 100's |
- 1550 - 300 Phoenicia |
Persian Babylonia
- @ Pasargadae, Ecbatana, Persepolis, Susa, Babylon, Iraq Second Persian Empire,The largest in Classical Antiquity, Founded by Cyrus Great.- 521 - 486 Darius 1 of Persia Greatbrother-in-law of Smerdis & grandson of Arsames - 485 - 465 Xerxes 1 of Persiason of Darius 1 - 465 - 424 Artaxerxes 1 of Persia Longimanusson of Xerxes 1 - 424 Xerxes 2 of Persiason of Artaxerxes 1 - 424 - 423 Sogdianus of Persiahalf-brother & rival of Xerxes 2 - 423 - 405 Darius 2 of Persia Nothushalf-brother & rival of Xerxes 2 - 404 - 359 Artaxerxes 2 of Persia Mnemon(see also Xenophon) son of Darius 2 |
- Aristagoras investigates Ionic Revolt, beginning Persian Wars between Greece & Persia.
- 494 Battle of Lade, where Persians take back Ionia.
- 492 First expedition of King Darius I of Persia against Greece, under leadership of his son-in-law Mardonius. This marks start of campaign that culminated in Battle of Marathon in 490 BC.
| - 490 - 449 Darius I of Persia defeated by Greeks at Marathon |
- 486 Xerxes I succeeds Darius I as Great King of Persia.
- 485 Xerxes I succeeds Darius I as King of Persia.
- 484 Xerxes I abolishes Kingdom of Babel & removes golden statue of Bel (Marduk, Merodach)
- 483 Xerxes I of Persia starts planning his expedition against Greece.
| - 485 - 64 21 Xerxes became king of Persia. Succeeded by Artabanus for 1 year. |
| - 483 - 43 40 Artaxerxes 1 Longimanus reigned Persia 40 years. (Xerxes or Ahashuerus) story of Esther occurred during his rule. |
Achaemenid Persia 2
- @ Pasargadae, Ecbatana, Persepolis, Susa, Babylon, Iraq Second Persian Empire,The largest in Classical Antiquity, Founded by Cyrus Great.
550 - 330 220 Persian Kings 538 - 332
- 521 - 486 35 Darius 1- 485 - 65 20 Xerxes 1 - 464 - 24 40 Artaxerxes 1 - 423 - 05 18 Darius 2 - 404 - 59 45 Artaxerxes 2 - 358 - 38 20 Artaxerxes 3 Ochus - 337 - 6 1 Arses Arogus - 335 - 2 3 Darius 3 |
- 480 King Xerxes I of Persia sets out to conquer Greece.
- 479 Egypt overthrows Persian rule
- 479 Battle of Mycale.
- 465 death of Xerxes I, king of Persia (murder)
- 465 King Xerxes I of Persian Empire is murdered by Artabanus Hyrcanian. He is succeeded by Artaxerxes I, possibly with Artabanus acting as Regent.
- 464 death of Artabanus of Persia, Regent King for Artaxerxes I
- 436 birth of Artaxerxes II, king of Persia
- 423 - 404 Darius II reigns Persia
- 412 Persian Empire starts preparing an invasion of Ionia & signs a treaty with Sparta about it.
- 408 Persian king, Darius II, decides to aid Sparta in war & makes his son Cyrus a satrap. However, Cyrus starts collecting an army to benefit his own interests, rather than his father's.
- 405 Cyrus Younger rebels in Persia, but is defeated by Artaxerxes II at Cunoxa
- Artaxerxes II Mnemon became king of Persia.
- 401 Cyrus Younger rebels against Persian king Artaxerxes II but is, however, eventually slain in battle.
- 400 After Cyrus has been killed, his Greek mercenaries make their way back to Greece, where Sparta is so impressed with their feats in & march through Persia that they declare war on Persians.
- 400 revolt of Jews against Artaxerxes III in Persia
Sarmatian tribes of Iran
-400's - 300's AD |
- 373 John High Priest in Jerusalem.
- 321 Onias became High Priest in Jerusalem.
Lesser Armenia 331 - 72
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- 300's Samartians begin to absorb Scythians.
- 329 - 28 Invasion of Transoxiana & capture of Samarkand by Greeks under Alexander Great, resulting in rule of Greek Seleucids in both Bactria & Soghdiana |
Persian Babylonia
- 404 - 359 Artaxerxes 2 of Persia Mnemon(see also Xenophon) son of Darius 2- 358 - 38 Artaxerxes 3 of Persia Ochusson of Artaxerxes 2 - 338 - 6 Arses of Persia (Artaxerxes 4)son of Artaxerxes 3 - 336 - 30 Darius 3 of Persia Codomannusgreat-grandson of Darius 2 |
- 443 Sogdianus reigned Persia
- 334 Alexander Great defeats Darius 3 of Persia at Issus
- 333 remants of Persian Empire fall to Alexander Great
- 332 Persian capital of Persepolis burned by Alexander Great
- 330 Persia fell to Alexander Great.
Macedonian Empire
- @ All over. 330 - 129
- 330 - 23 7 Alexander 1 the Great 356 - 323 son of Philip 2 of Macedonia *Macedonia 336- as Alexander 3 - 323 - 17 6 Philip son of Philip 1 of Macedonia King of Macedonia as Philip 3. X42 by Olympias - 323 - 17 6 Alexander 2 Egusson of Alexander Great 323 - 309 King of Macedonia as Alexander 4 until 310 BC, X by Cassander ^Antipater - 323 - 1 2 PerdiccasRegent, ? - 321prince of Orestis - 321 Peithon 355 - 314 son of CrateuasRegent - 321 Arrhidaeus ? - 319 Regent - 321 - 19 2 Antipater 398 -319 son of Iollas Regent, Killed by Seleucus I - 319 - 6 3 Polysperchon394 - 303 son of SimmiasRegent - 317 - 6 1 Olympias 375 - 316 daughter of king Neoptolemus I of Epirus & mother of Alexander I. Killed by Cassander son of Antipater - 316 - 2 4 AntigonusMonophthalmus 382 -301 son of Philip of ElymiotisKing of Anatolia, Syria & Macedonia as Antigonus I until 301 BC. Killed by Seleucus I |
Hellenistic Babylonia 330 - 141
Babylon was captured by Alexander Great in 330 BC. It was captured by Parthians in 141 BC.- 330 - 23 7 Alexander Great - 323 - 09 14 Alexander 4 of Macedon - 311 - 305 305 - 281 Seleucus 1 Nicator Satrap |
Persia Achaemenid Empire
550 - 330 220 Persian Kings 538 - 332
- 404 - 359 45 Artaxerxes 2- 358 - 38 20 Artaxerxes 3 Ochus - 337 - 6 1 Arses Arogus - 335 - 2 3 Darius 3 |
- 319 - 315 Second War of Diadochi
- 312 Seleucus I Nicator establishes himself in Babylon, founding Seleucid Empire.
- 311 - 309 Babylonian War
- 300's Priene, Western Turkey is rebuilt.
- 330 Alexander Great conquers Persian Empire, decline & depopulation of Ancient Greece with large migrations towards conquered lands.
- 217 Simon high priest of Jerusalem
- 200 Emergence of Hsiung-nu (later known as Huns?) on western borders of China
- 200's Scythians occupy Sogdiana, in modern-day Uzbekistan.
Sophene
200's - 94 100's
- Armenia |
- 281 Antiochus I Soter, on assassination of his father Seleucus becomes emperor of Seleucid empire.
- 275 end of history of Babylon.
- 274 - 200 Syrian Wars
- 274 - 1 3 First Syrian War
- 261 Antiochus 2 Theos, 2nd son, at death of his father becomes emperor of Seleucid empire.
- 260 - 255 Second Syrian War
| - 247 - 224 AD Parthian Empire |
Macedonian Empire
330 - 129
 - 312 - 281 31 Seleucus Inicator X77 son of Antiochus son of Seleucus Assumed title of "King" from 306 BC. X by Ptolemy Ceraunus - 281 - 61 Antiochus 1 Soterco-ruler from 291 - 261 - 46 15 Antiochus 2 Theos 286 - 246 - 246 - 25 21 Seleucus 2 Callinicus. Moves capital to Antioch - 225 - 3 2 Seleucus 3 Alexander Ceraunus. X20 - 223 - 187 36 Antiochus 3 Megas X54 |
Middle Persian Empire
- 247 - 211 Tiridates 1 or ArsacesArsaces 1 King, Karen, AutocratorA descendant of Arsaces son of Phriapatius who was probably son of Artaxerxes 2 247 BC - 670 AD
- 211 - 185 ArsacesArsaces 2 Son of Arsaces 1 |
- 219 - 217 Fourth Syrian War
- 209 - 88 Parthian–Seleucid Wars
- 202 - 200 Fifth Syrian War
- 175 Jason High Priest in Jerusalem.
- 165 Jud was vaascant in Jerusalem.
- 164 Judas Maccabaeus, son of Mattathias of Hasmonean family, restores Temple in Jerusalem. Events commemorated each year by festival of Hanukkah.
- 161 Jews signed treaty with Romans. First treaty with Jews on record.
- 150 Simon High Priest & governor in Jerusalem.
- 147 Hasmonean victories restore autonomy to Judea.
- 130 John Hyrcanus destroyed temple on Mount Gerizim.
- 107 Hyrcanus, High Priest of Jerusalem, took title "King of Jews."
- 106 Government of Maccabees began in Palestine.
- Janneus became King of Jews
- Jonathan Maccabaeus, leader of Hasmonean rebellion & first autonomous ruler of Judea
- Judas Maccabeus, leader of Hasmonean rebellion & its first successful general
- 175 Antiochus 4 Epiphanes, took possession of Syrian throne, at murder of his brother Seleucus IV Philopator, which rightly belonged to his nephew Demetrius I Soter.
Armenia
190 - 428 AD 618
- Armenia Tigranakert Tigranes Great took title king of kings. |
Commagene
163 - 72 AD
- @ Armenia |
Awsan
110's BC - 00's
- Yemen |
Macedonian Empire
- 187 - 75 12 Seleucus 4 Philopator330 - 129
- 175 - 63 12 Antiochus 4 Epiphanes X48 Killed in Elymais - 163 - 1 2 Antiochus VEupator 172 - 161 - 161 - 50 11 Demetrius 1 Soter 185 - 150 - 150 - 46 4 Alexander 3 BalasSeleucid king of Syria As Alexander 1 - 146 - 39 7 Demetrius 2 Nicator Defeated & captured by Parthians. He married to Rhodogune daughter of Mithridates I - 139 - 29 10 Antiochus 7 Sidetes Killed in battle with Phraates 2 |
Middle Persian Empire
- 211 - 185 26 Arsaces Arsaces 2 Son of Arsaces 1247 BC - 670 AD
- 185 - 70 15 PhriapatiusArsaces 3 Grandson of Tiridates 1 - 170 - 67 3 Phraates 1 Arsaces 4 Son of Phriapatius - 167 - 32 35 Mithridates 1 Arsaces 5 - 132 - 27 5 Phraates 2 Arsaces 6 Killed in battle with Scythians - 127 - 6 1 Artabanus 1 Arsaces 7 Killed in battle with Tocharians - 126 - 2 4 Vologases 1 Arsaces 8 He was first Arsacid king of Media, Arran & Iberia - 122 - 1 1 Artabanus 2 Arsaces 9 Killed in battle with Medians - 121 - 91 30 Mithridates 2 Arsaces 10 |
- 108 - 63 55 Mithridates 1
- 63 - 47 16 Pharnaces - 47 - 4 3 Mithridates 2 - 44 - 323 Incoorporated into Rome as Moesia Inferior |
- 79 Alexandra Janneus' widow, Queen of Jews.
| - 74 - 4 Herod Great Herod Great 1960 |
- 63 Pompey captures Jerusalem
- 57 Sanhedrin took over rulership of Jews.
- Pompey of Rome conquered Jerusalem.
- 47 Antipater ruled Jews.
- 37 - 3 Roman Senate appointed Herod, an Idumean Arab, King of Judea. He ruled for 34 years. Began construction of great Jewish Temple on Mt. Moriah in Jerusalem.
- 10 - 68 Apostle Peter who
| - 6/4 Jesus Christ born. John Baptist born. |
| - 74 - 4 Herod Great Herod Great 1960 |
- Pompey of Rome conquered Jerusalem.
- 53 - 51 Crasus invaded Parthia, Parthians defeat Romansin Battle of Carrhae.
- 48 Syria became a part of Rome.
- 40 - 37 Parthian invasion on Syria & Asia Minor
- 36 - 33 Marc Anthony's invasion on Parthian Empire
Middle Persian Empire
- 121 - 91 30 Mithridates 2 Arsaces 10247 BC - 670 AD
- 91 - 87 4 Gotarzes 1 Arsaces 11 - 91 - 77 14 Artabanus 3 Arsaces 12 - 88 - 67 21 Mithridates 3 Arsaces 13 - 80 - 75 5 Orodes 1 Arsaces 14 - 77 - 70 7 Sanatruces 1 Arsaces 15 157 BC - 70 - 77 - 66 11 Arsaces 16 - 70 - 57 13 Phraates 3 Arsaces 17 Killed by Orodes 2 - 66 - 3 3 Arsaces 18 - 65 - 54 11 Mithridates 3 or 4Arsaces 19 Killed by Orodes 2 - 57 - 38 19 Orodes 2 Arsaces 20 Killed by Phraates 4 - 50 - 38 12 Pacorus 1 Arsaces 21 Son of Orodes 2 Killed in battle with Romans - 38 - 2 6 Phraates 4 Arsaces 22 Son of Orodes 2 Killed by Musa - 30 - 25 5 Tiridates 2 Arsaces 23 Probably a descendant of Mithridates 3 Deposed & went to Rome - 12 - 9 3 Mithridates 5 Arsaces 24 Probably a descendant of Mithridates 3 |
- Tigranes Great, king of Armenia
- 00's - Roman Armenia
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Sri Lanka
Bhutan
Bangladesh
Nepal
India
Pakistan
Afghanistan
Iran Upatissa Nuwara 505 - 377
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| - 563 - 483 Buddha |
- 545 - 493 52 Bimbisara founder of first Magadhan empire - 493 - 61 32 Ajatashatru - 461- 45 16 Udayabhadra - ? Aniruddha - ? Munda - 437 - 13 24 Nagadasaka |
Upatissa
505 - 377 128
- Nuwara- 505 - 4 1 Upatissa interregnum regent. Chief Minister under Vijaya - 504 - 474 30 Panduvasdeva ^< Vijaya - 474 - 54 20 Abhaya ^ Panduvasdeva - 454 - 37 17 Tissa interregnum regent < - 437 - 377 60 Pandukabhaya 474 - 367 X107 ^^ Panduvasudeva |
Shishunaga dynasty
- 413 - 395 Shishunaga established kingdom of Magadha
413 - 345 |
Satavahana 30 - 220 190
- Puranic list of Satavahana kings (Source: "A Catalogue of Indian coins in British Museum. Andhras etc...", Rapson). This list, most complete one with - 30 kings, is based on Matsya Purana.- 271 - 48 23 & 230 - 207 23 Simuka or Sisuka ruled 23 years kotilingala, karim nagar district - 207 - 189 18 Krishna ruled 18 years. - Sri Mallakarni (or Sri Satakarni), ruled 10 years. - Purnotsanga, ruled 18 years - Skandhastambhi, ruled 18 years - 195 Sātakarnī I ruled 56 years - 87 - 67 20 Lambodara, ruled 18 years. - 75 - 35 40 Probably as vassals of Kanva dynasty - 35 - 23 12 Apilaka - 23 - 5 18 Meghasvati (Saudasa) - 5 BC - 13 AD 18 Svati (Svami) - 13 - 20 7 Skandasvat - 20 - 8 8 Mahendra Satakarni (Mrgendra Svatikarna, Satakarni 2) - 28 - 36 8 Kuntala Satakarni (Kuntala Svatikarna) - 36 - 7 1 Svatikarna - Pulomavi (or Patumavi), ruled 36 years. - Riktavarna (or Aristakarman), ruled 25 years. - 20 - 24 Hāla, author of Gathasaptasati, an Indian literature classic, ruled 5 years. - Mandalaka (or Bhavaka, Puttalaka), ruled 5 years. - Purindrasena, ruled 5 years. - Sundara Satakarni, ruled 1 year. - Cakora Satakarni (or Cakora Svatikarna), ruled 6 months. - Sivasvati, ruled 28 years. |
| - 540 - 486 Mahavira, founder of Jainism. |
- 481 Isthmus of Corinth ends a war between Athens & Aegina.
- 480 Cimon & his friends burn horse-bridles as an offering to Athena & join marines.
- 480 Pleistarchus succeeds his father Leonidas I as king of Sparta.
- 480 Battle of Salamis between Greece & Persia, leading to a Greek victory.
- 480 Battle of Himera—The Carthaginians under Hamilcar are defeated by Greeks of Sicily, led by Gelon of
- 480 Roman troops march against Veientines.
- 479 The Battle of Plataea, Greeks defeat Persians, ending Persian Wars.
- 500 - 300/139 Magadhan Empire |
Nanda Empire 424 - 321 103
- India Pataliputra Dravidian Empire.- 424 Mahapadma Nanda - Pandhuka - Panghupati - Bhutapala - Rashtrapala - Govishanaka - Dashasidkhaka - Kaivarta - Mahendra - ? - 321 Dhana Nanda (Argames) |
Chera
400's BC - 1102 AD
First recorded Chera Kings- Perumchottu Uthiyan Cheralathan (Contemporary to Karakala chola) - Antuvancheral - Imayavaramban Nedun-Cheralatan or Imayavaramban Kudako Nedum Cheralathan (Son of Uthiyan Cheralathan) - Cheran Chenkutuvan or Senguttuvan - Palyanai Sel-Kelu Kuttuvan - Poraiyan Kadungo - Kalankai-Kanni Narmudi Cheral - Vel-Kelu Kuttuvan - Selvak-Kadungo - Adukotpattu Cheralatan - Kuttuvan Irumporai - Tagadur Erinda Perumcheral - Yanaikat-sey Mantaran Cheral - Ilamcheral Irumporai - Perumkadungo - Ilamkadungo - Kanaikal Irumporai |
Shishunaga 413 - 345 78
- 413 - 395 Shishunaga- 395 - 367 Kakavarna Kalashoka - 367 - 345 Mahanandin |
Mahadha
- 558 - 491 Bimbisara
- Ajatasattu - Udayabhadra |
- 395 - 67 28 Kakavarna Kalashoka |
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Nanda 345 - 21 24
- 345 - Mahapadma Nanda Ugrasena ^I Mahanandin, founded Nanda Empire after inheriting Mahanandin's empire- Pandhuka - Panghupati - Bhutapala - Rashtrapala - Govishanaka - Dashasidkhaka - Kaivarta - - 321 Dhana (Agrammes, Xandrammes) defeated by Chandragupta Maurya |
- Delhi founded in India.
- 383 Second Buddhist council at Vesali, 100 years after Parinirvana.
Anuradhapura
- Sri Lanka377 BC - 1017 1394 AD
- 377 - 67 10 Pandukabhaya 474 - 367 - 367 - 07 60 Mutasiva |
- 323 Alexander Great dies, providing opportunity for an independent state in India. Chandragupta Maurya founds Maurya dynasty, first Indian empire. Its capital is in Patna. By 184, this dynasty will conquer most of India.
- 304 Chandragupta trades 500 war elephants to Seleucus in exchange for Indus region & regions immediately to West.
Ilamcetcenni, Cholas ruler of South India in Sangam Age around 301 BC.
Ror 450 BC - 489 AD 939
- Rori, capital of Sindh, built by Dhaj, Ror Kumar. |
Anuradhapura
377 BC - 1017 AD 1394
- Sri Lanka
- 307 - 267 40 Devanampiya Tissa - 267 - 57 10 Uttiya - 257 - 47 10 Mahasiva - 247 - 37 10 Suratissa Sena & Guttika X22
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Chera
300 - 300 600
- Southern India Vanchi MuthurA Tamil Empire. |
Mauryan Empire
- 297 - 72 25 Bindusara321 - 185 - 273 - 32 40 Asoka Great - 232 - 24 8 Dasaratha - 224 - 15 9 Samprati - 215 - 02 13 Salisuka - 202 - 195 7 Devavarman - 195 - 87 8 Satadhanvan - 187 - 5 2 Brihadratha - 324 - 301 23 Chandragupta Maurya (Sandrakottos), founded Mauryan Empire after defeating both Nanda Empire & Macedonian Seleucid Empire - 301 - 273 28 Bindusara or Amritrochates - 273 - 32 41 Ashoka Vardhana (Ashoka Great), considered greatest ancient Indian emperor, first emperor to unify India (after conquering most of South Asia & Afghanistan), adopt Buddhism, grant animal rights & promote non-violence, a secular administrator,often called emperor of all ages. - 232 - 24 8 Dasaratha - 224 - 15 9 Samprati - 215 - 02 13 Salisuka - 202 - 195 7 Devavarman |
| - 273 - 32 Ashoka, grandson of Chandragupta Maurya & most impressive ruler in Maurya dynasty, rules in India & institutes a series of edicts designed to bring about moral reform. His policy on reform flows from his Buddhist orientation. - Asoka 2001 |
- 251 - 246 The Aryan Hindus occupy Celyon. |
Satavahana
- Kotilingala,
Pratishthana230 BC - 220 AD 450 Amaravati, India |
- 174 - 61 13 Hsiung-nu attack Yüeh-chih (known in West as Tocharians), driving them from Gansu. |
- 141 - 28 13 Yüeh-chih, fleeing from Hsiung-nu, overrun Greco-Bactrian kingdom, which is renamed Tocharistan. |
- 121 Chinese, under General Ho Chu-ping, defeat Hsiung-nu.
- 106 Diplomatic ties established between Chinese & Persians.
- 102 Chinese capture Kokand.
- Antiochus 4 Epiphanes, last effective ruler of Seleucid Empire
Kuninda
100's BC - 200's AD
- @ Uttarakhand, India |
- 200 - 180 20 Demetrius 1 The territory won by Demetrius was separated between western & eastern parts, ruled by several sub-kings & successor kings: - 185 - 70 15 Antimachus 1 brother of Demetrius. Defeated by usurper Eucratides. - 190 - 80 10 Agathocles - 180 - 60 20 Apollodotus 1 - 160 - 55 5 Antimachus 2 Nikephoros - 155 - 50 5 Demetrius 2 - 155 - 30 25 Menander Legendary for size of his Kingdom, & his support of Buddhist faith. It is unclear whether he was related to other kings, & thus if dynasty survived further. - Followed by Indo-Greek kings in northern India.
- 170 - 45 25 Eucratides 1 - 166 Plato co-regent - 145 - 40 5 Eucratides 1 - 145 - 30 15 Heliocles, last Greek king of Bactria, was invaded by nomadic tribes of Yuezhi from North. Descendants of Eucratides may have ruled on in Indo-Greek kingdom. |
Anuradhapura
377 BC - 1017 AD 1394
- 205 - 161 Elara 235 - 161 Defeated Asela in battle House of Vijaya 161 - 103
- 161 - 137 Dutthagamani Abhaya Defeated Elara Eldest son of Kavan Tissa Originally ruler of Ruhuna - 137 - 119 Saddha TissaBrother of Dutugemunu -119 Thulatthana Second son of Saddha Tissa - 119 - 109 Lanja Tissa - 109 - 104 Khallata Naga - 104 - 103 Vattagamani Abhaya |
- 195 - 87 8 Satadhanvanthe Mauryan Empire had shrunk by time of his reign - 187 - 4 3 Brihadrata assassinated by Pusyamitra Shunga |
Shunga
185 - 73 112
- Pataliputra, Vidisa Magadha dynasty that controlled North-central & Eastern India.- 185 - 49 36 Pusyamitra Shunga founded dynasty after assassinating Brihadrata - 149 - 1 8 Agnimitra son & successor of Pusyamitra - 141 - 31 10 Vasujyeshtha - 131 - 24 7 Vasumitra - 124 - 2 2 Andhraka - 122 - 19 3 Pulindaka - Ghosha - Vajramitra - Bhagabhadra, mentioned by Puranas - 83 - 73 Devabhuti last Sunga king |
- Theravada Buddhism is officially introduced to Sri Lanka by Venerable Mahinda.
Indo-Greek
- 180 BC - 10 AD 190 |
- 100's Twipra Kingdom Bangladesh
Chola
300s BC - 1279 AD 1600
- Southern India Various, including Poompuhar, Urayur, Pazhaiyaarai, Thanjavur, Gangaikonda Cholapuram A Tamil Empire.
- 235 - 161 74 Elara Chola- Ilamcetcenni Karikala Chola - Nedunkilli - Killivalavan Kopperuncholan - Kocengannan Perunarkilli |
Indo-Parthia 20 BC - 100 AD
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Anuradhapura
377 BC - 1017 AD 1394
- 103 - 100 3 Pulahatta*Tamil Chief - 100 - 98 2 Bahiya Chief Minister of Pulahatha - 98 - 91 7 Panya Mara Prime Minister of Bahiya - 91 - 90 1 Pilaya Mara Chief Minister of Panayamara - 90 - 88 2 Dathika*Chief Minister of Pilayamara House of Vijaya 89 BC - 66 AD - 89 - 76 13 Vattagamani Abhaya Fourth son of Saddha Tissa - 76 - 62 14 Mahakuli Mahatissa Son of Khallatanaga Nephew & adopted son of Valagambahu 1 - 62 - 50 12 Chora Naga Son of Valagambahu 1 Cousin of Mahakuli Mahatissa - 50 - 47 3 Kuda Tissa Son of Mahakuli Mahatissa - 47 Siva 1 - 47 Vatuka - 47 Darubhatika Tissa - 47 Niliya - 47 - 2 5 Anula*Widow of Chora Naga & Kuda Tissa - 42 - 20 22 Kutakanna Tissa Brother of Kuda Tissa Second son of Mahakuli Mahatissa - 20 BC - 9 AD 29 Bhatikabhaya Abhaya Son of Kuttakanna Tissa |
Main Indo-Scythian rulers
- NW India- 90 - 60 30 Maues - 75 - 65 10 Vonones - 75 - 65 10 Spalahoressatrap & brother of King Vonones, & probably later King Spalirises. - 60 - 57 3 Spalirises king & brother of King Vonones. - 50 Spalagadamessatrap, & son of Spalahores. - 60 Azilises before - 60 - 20 40 Azes 1 - 10 Zeionises - 10 Kharahostes - 10 Indravarman - 10 Hajatria |
- 66 - 52 14 Bhumimitra - 52 - 40 12 Narayana - 40 - 26 14 Susarman |
- Lord Mahavir, 24th Tirthankar in great 'Jain Religion'
Kshaharatas
- 90 - 20 70 Liaka Kusuluka, satrap of Chuk- 20 - 40 20 Zeionises (Jihonika) may have succeeded Patika around - 40 BC - 6 AD 46 Kusulaka Patika, satrap of Chuksa & son of Liaka Kusulaka dated between - Abhiraka - ? - 119 Bhumaka - 119 - 124 Nahapana (founder of Western Satraps) |
Ror 450 BC - 489 AD 939
- Rori, capital of Sindh, built by Dhaj, Ror Kumar. |
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East Timor
Philippines
Brunei
Indonesia
Singapore
Malaysia
Vietnam
Cambodia
Laos
Thailand
MyanmarHồng Bàng 2897 - 258 2639
- Hồng & Mã rivers, Vietnam. Founded by Hùng Vương. Also called Lạc.
- Hùng Nghi Vương ? - Hùng Nghi Vương ? - Hùng Nghi Vương ? |
Hồng Bàng 2897 - 258 2639
- Hồng & Mã rivers, Vietnam. Founded by Hùng Vương. Also called Lạc.
- Hùng Duệ Vương ? - Hùng Duệ Vương ? |
Hồng Bàng 2897 - 258 2639
- Hồng & Mã rivers, Vietnam. Founded by Hùng Vương. Also called Lạc.
- Hùng Duệ Vương ? - Hùng Duệ Vương ? |
Triệu Dynasty 207 - 111 97
- - 179 - 37 42 Triệu Đà Triệu Vũ Vương - 137 - 25 12 Triệu Hồ Triệu Văn Vương - 125 - 13 12 Triệu Anh Tề Triệu Minh Vương - 113 - 2 1 Triệu Hưng Triệu Ai Vương - 112 - 1 1 Triệu Kiến Đức Triệu Thuật Dương Vương |
- 100 BC - 832 AD Pyu City - states of Burma |
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Taiwan
Japan
South Korea
North Korea
Mongolia
China- 14000 - 300 Jomon Period of Japan |
- 2333 - 108 Jin in Korea |
| - 551 - 479 Confucius |
- 478 First part of Grand Canal of China is built.
- 478 Establishment of Temple of Confucius at (modern-day) Qufu.
- 476 death of King Jing of Zhou / Ji Gai, King of Zhou Dynasty of China
- 475 King Xuan of Zhou becomes King of Zhou Dynasty.
- 475 - 221 Wars of Warring States Period in China
- Lau Tzu was a contemporary of Confucius
- After 500 BC Iron Age
- Dong-Son culture (Vietnam). Bronze drums. "Moon of Bali" (Indonesia). Plain of Jars (Laos).
- 468 King Zhending of Zhou becomes King of Zhou Dynasty of China.
- 453 Taiyuan, a city in China, gets flooded.
- 433 Burial of Marquis Yi of Zeng in China.
- 342 Battle of Maling in China.
Dian 300's - 109 191
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- 300 - 250 AD Yayoi Period |
- 280 - 233 Han Fei, Chinese philosopher from State of Han
| - 263 - 36 Great Wall of China constructed by Chihoang-Ti. wall was 1,500 miles long, averaging a height of 20 feet, with a tower every 300 feet, crossing mountains 5,000 feet high. |
- 260 Battle of Changping between State of Qin & State of Zhao in China; a decisive Qin victory.
- 246 - 210 Qin Shi Huang, Chinese Emperor 259 - 210 reigned |
- 202 - 195 Emperor Gaozu of Hans reign, founder of Han Dynasty in China. Lived 256 - 195 |
- 257 Thục Dynasty takes over Viet Nam.
- 232 - 202 Xiang Yu Chinese rebel general against Qin Dynasty & arch nemesis of Liu Bang in Chu-Han contention. |
- 227 The assassination against Ying Zheng, king of Qin State, by Jing Ke from Yan failed.
- 225 The Chinese Qin State conquers Wei.
- 223 The Chinese Qin State conquers Chu.
- 222 The Chinese Qin State conquers Yan & Zhao.
- 221 With conquest of State of Qi, Qin Shihuang unifies whole of China into one empire that also included northern Vietnam, forming Qin Dynasty.
- 221 China Unification
- Emperor & Assassin 1999
- Emperor's Shadow (Qin Song) 1999 - China/English subtitles
- Hero 2004 - China's first emperor unifies nation
221 - 07 15 Qin
Xianyang First dynasty of Imperial Period.- 246 - 210 Yíng Zhèng Shǐ Huángdì - 209 - 207 Yíng HúhàiÈr Shì Huángdì - 207 Yíng ZiyīngSān Shì Huángdì |
- 208 Zhao Tuo (Triệu Đà) defeats Vietnamese king An Dương Vương.
- 206 BC - 202 426 AD Han dynasty Chang'an, Luoyang, Xuchang |
- 206 - 202 Civil war of Chu-Han contention in China after fall of Qin Dynasty. |
- 200's Song Yu, Chinese poet Xun Zi, founder of Legalism (philosophy)
- 206 BC - AD 9 Western Han of China |
- 108 Gojoseon-Han War, Han Dynasty finally destroyed Wanggeom seong, capital of Gojoseon. & Han Dynasty founded Four Commanderies of Han to govern Gojoseon.
- Zhang Qian, Chinese diplomat & explorer
- Liu An, Chinese prince & noted geographer
- Sima Qian, father of Chinese historiography
- 100's Wei Qing, a general of Han Dynasty, who strike Xiongnu deeply leading Chinese army & enabled Han control Western Regions later
- Emperor Wu of Han, considered one of greatest emperors throughout History of China
- 108 - 57 Proto 3 kingdoms of Korea |
- 57 BC - 668 3 Kingdoms of Korea
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- 00's Jing Fang, Chinese mathematician & music theorist
- Sima Qian, Chinese historian, father of Chinese historiography
Buyeo 100's BC - 494
- Ruled in modern-day Manchuria. rulers continued to use titles of Dangun. Some records refer to Bukbuyeo (North Buyeo) & Dongbuyeo (East Buyeo). It was absorbed into Goguryeo.
Eastern Buyeo- 86 BC - 22 AD The rulers of Dongbuyeo submitted to Bukbuyeo in 86 BC, & thus used title Wang ("King"). - 86 - 48 Hae Buru - 48 - 7 Geumwa - 7 BC - 22 AD aeso Galsa Buyeo
- 21 - ? King of Galsa |
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Vanuatu
Solomon
Papau New Guinea
Kiribati
Marshall
Nauru
Micronesia 
Palau
New Zealand
Australia
Tonga
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Tuvalu
Fiji300's
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 United States of America |
 Canada |
Olmec 1500 - 400
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Middle Preclassic Maya
-900 - 300 |
Palenque 100 BC - 800
- 252 - ? BC "Ch'a Ruler I"?
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- 200's Appearance of Hopewell culture in Ohio, USA.
Teotihuacan
-founded & for centuries is cultural, religious & trading center of Mesoamerica 200 BC - 300 AD |
Palenque 100 BC - 800 AD
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5000 year long Mayan age 3114 BC - 1755 AD |
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Panama
Costa Rica
Nicaragua
Honduras
El Salvador
Belize
Guatemala
Lesser Antilles
Greater Antilles
Lucayan Archipelago - 100 BC - 2680 Age of Pisces |
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Peru
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