400's |
300's |
200's |
100's |
|
|
| |
Alexandrian Library 284 - 48 |
|
|
|
| |
- 325 Odometer. Alexander. |
- 293 Timeg was first divided into hours by a sundial of L. Papirius, Cursor at Rome.
- 290 sixth wonder of world, Brass Colossus of Rhodes, was built.
| - 284 - 48 Alexandrian Library |
- 280 Pharos of Alexandria, seventh wonder of world was built by Plolemy-Philadelphus. It was 550 feet high.
| - 263 - 46 Great Wall of China constructed |
- 240 Archimedes screw |
- 100s Compass |
- 00s Golf by Romans. |
400's |
300's |
200's |
100's |
|
|
5000 year long Mayan age 3114 BC - 1755 AD  |
|
Age of Aries
1875 - 100 |
|
Age of Pisces
100 BC - 2680 |
|
| |
|
|
|
Development of Runes 250 - 100 |
|
|
|
500 - 200 Mahabharata finished |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
400's |
300's |
200's |
100's |
|
|
Demotic Egyptian 600's BC – 305 AD |
|
Ptolemaic Egyptian Dynasty 305 - 3 |
|
Roman Republic 753 - 27 AD |
|
Achaemenid Empire (Persia) 550 - 330 |
|
|
Parthian Empire 247 - 224 AD |
|
Celtic rule throughout most of Continental Europe 500 - 200 |
|
|
|
|
Ancient Nok culture thrives in forests of central Nigeria.
Claimed by Yoruba peoples as ancestors, Nok are justly revered for their art & terra cottas.
500 BC - 200 AD |
|
Magadhan Empire 500 - 300/139 |
|
|
|
|
Eastern Zhou Dynasty 1600 - 256 |
|
|
Han Dynasties 206 BC - 220 AD |
|
|
Warring States period
475 - 221 |
|
221-207 Qin |
|
Western Han
206 BC - AD 9 |
|
| |
Macedon
338 - 309 |
|
|
| |
Seleucid Empire 323 - 60 |
|
|
| |
Mauryan Empire 321 - 185 |
|
|
|
Late Preclassic Maya 300 BC - AD 250 |
|
|
400's |
300's |
200's |
100's |
|
|
Achaemenid Empire (Persia) 550 - 330 |
|
|
|
|
| |
Darius I of Persia 490 - 449 |
|
|
Parthian Empire 247 - 224 AD |
|
| |
|
|
Seleucid Empire 323 - 60 |
|
|
|
| - 490 - 449 Darius I of Persia defeated by Greeks at Marathon |
- 490 Persia, led by Xerxes, invades Greece
| - 485 - 64 Xerxes became king of Persia. Succeeded by Artabanus for 1 year. |
| - 483 - 43 Artaxerxes I Longimanus reigned Persia 40 years. (Xerxes or Ahashuerus) story of Esther occurred during his rule. |
- 480 Persians suffer defeat by Greeks at Plataea & Mycale Persian expansion halted
- 479 Egypt overthrows Persian rule
- 405 Cyrus Younger rebels in Persia, but is defeated by Artaxerxes II at Cunoxa
- Artaxerxes II Mnemon became king of Persia.
- 400 revolt of Jews against Artaxerxes III in Persia |
- 350 Lydia becomes a tributary of Macedon after Persia is conquered by Alexander Great
- 443 Sogdianus reigned Persia
- 334 Alexander Great defeats Darius III of Persia at Issus
- 333 remants of Persian Empire fall to Alexander Great
- 332 Persian capital of Persepolis burned by Alexander Great
- 330 Persia fell to Alexander Great. |
| - 247 - 224 AD Parthian Empire |
|
|
- 74 - 4 Herod Great
Herod Great 1960 |
- 57 Sanhedrin took over ruler ship of Jews. & Pompey were formed.
- Pompey of Rome conquered Jerusalem.
- 53 Crasus invaded Parthia
- 48 Syria became a part of Rome. |
400's |
300's |
200's |
100's |
|
|
27th Dynasty |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Alexandrian Library 284 - 48 |
|
|
|
Demotic Egyptian 600's BC – 305 AD |
|
Ptolemaic Egyptian Dynasty 305 - 3 |
|
|
|
Twenty-seventh Dynasty
525 - 404
- 525 – 21 Cambyses II
- 522 – 21 Smerdis Usurper
- 521 – 486 Darius I Great
- 486 – 65 Xerxes I Great
- 465 – 64 Artabanus Hyrcanian
- 464 – 24 Artaxerxes I Longhand
- 424 – 23 Xerxes II
- 424 – 23 Sogdianus
- 424 – 04 Darius II |
Twenty-eighth Dynasty
404 - 398
- 413 - 350 Egypt became free of Persia. lasted 63 years.
- 404 – 398 Amyrtaeus Descendant of Saite pharaohs of Twenty-sixth Dynasty; led a successful revolt against Persians precursors to Chess
- 400's - 300's battle games petteia & seega; possible |
- 413 - 350 Egypt free of Persian rule for 63 years. |
- 335 Upper Egypt returned to Persian control
- 332 Alexander III Greatdefeated city of Tyre. Alexandria, in Egypt, walls of which were six miles in circumference was built by Alexander Great. It became residence of Ptolemies, Greek sovereigns of Egypt.
- 323 Death of Alexander, division of his empire
- 322 Alexander was buried in Alexandria.
- 332 - 309 Argead Dynasty
- 323 – 317 Philip III Arrhidaeus Feeble-minded half-brother of Alexander III Great
- 317 – 309 Alexander IV of Macedon Son of Alexander III Great & Roxana
Twenty-ninth Dynasty
398 - 380
- 398 – 93 Nefaarud I
- 393 Psammuthes
- 393 – 80 Hakor
- 380 Nefaarud II |
Thirtieth Dynasty
380 - 343
- 380 – 62 Nectanebo I
- 362 – 60 Teos of Egypt
- 360 – 43 Nectanebo II |
Thirty-first Dynasty
343 - 332
- 343 – 38 Artaxerxes III Egypt came under Persian rule for second time
- 338 Artaxerxes IV Arses Only reigned in Lower Egypt
- 338 – 36 Khabbabash Leader of a Nubian revolt in Upper Egypt
- 336 – 32 Codomannus |
|
- 284 Alexandrian Library built by Plolemy-Philadelpohus with 700,000 volumes.
| - 284 - 48 Alexandrian Library |
- 280 Pharos of Alexandria, seventh wonder of world was built by Plolemy-Philadelphus. It was 550 feet high.
- 264 - 146 Punic Wars between Rome & Carthagec.
- 200 Use of iron in Sub-saharan Africa
- 146 Destruction of Carthage by Rome
- 47 Fire destroys great library at Alexandria
Ptolemaic Dynasty
- 305 – 285 Ptolemy I
- ? - 285 Soter Berenice I
- 288 – 46 Ptolemy II Philadelphos
- 284 - 74 Arsinoe I
- 277 - 70 Arsinoe II
- 270 Ptolemy III
- 246 – 22 Euergetes I
- 244 - 22 Berenice II
- 222 Ptolemy IV
- 222 – 04 Philopator
- 220 - 04 Arsinoe III |
|
- 195 Rosetta stone created
- 190 Greek Bible (Septuagint) was translated at Alexandria, in Egypt by 70 Hebrew scholars. This translation was authorized by Sanhedrin in Jerusalem in order to give Jewish exiles a scripture in language of their exile.
Ptolemaic Dynasty
- 204 – 180 Epiphanes
- 193 - 76 Cleopatra I
- 176 Ptolemy VI
- 180 – 64 Philometor
- 173 - 74 Cleopatra II
- 174 Ptolemy VIII
- 169 - 64 Ptolemy VI
Philometor & Cleopatra II - Ptolemy VI
- 163 - 45 Philometor
- 163 - 27 Cleopatra II
- 127 Ptolemy VII
- 145 - 144 Neos Philopator
- 144 Ptolemy VIII
- 145 - 31 Euergetes II
- 142 - 31 Cleopatra III
- 131 Ptolemy Memphitis
- 131 - 127 Ptolemy VIII
- 127 - 16 Euergetes II
- 127 - 07 Cleopatra III
- 124 - 16 Cleopatra II
- 116 Ptolemy IX
- 116 – 10 Soter II
- 116 - 15 Cleopatra IV
- Ptolemy X
- 110 – 09 Alexander I
- 109 Ptolemy IX
- 109 – 07 Soter II
- 107 – 88 Alexander I
- 88 Ptolemy X |
|
Ptolemaic Dynasty
- 204 - 181 Ptolemy V
- 116 - 81 Ptolemy IX
- 88 - 81 Soter II
- 81 - 80 Berenice III
- Ptolemy XI
- 80 Alexander II
- Ptolemy XII
-80 - 58 Neos Dionysos (Auletes)
- Cleopatra V
- ? - 57 Tryphaena
- ? - 58 Cleopatra VI
- 58 - 55 Berenice IV
- Ptolemy XII
- 55 - 51 Neos Dionysos
- 51 - 30 Cleopatra VII Jointly with her father Ptolemy XII, her brother Ptolemy XIII, her brother-husband Ptolemy XIV, & her son Ptolemy XV; also known simply as...
Cleopatra 69 - 30
- Cleopatra 1963
- Cleopatra 1999
- Caesar & Cleopatra 1946
- Antony & Cleopatra 1973 |
- 51 – 47 Ptolemy XIII
- 48 - 47 Arsinoe IV
- 47 - 44 Ptolemy XIV Ptolemy XV
- 44 – 30 Caesarion |
- 31 Octavius, at Actium, defeated Cleopatra & Antony.
- 30 Egypt became a Roman province. |
400's |
300's |
200's |
100's |
|
|
Magadhan Empire 500 - 300/139 |
|
|
Mahabharata finished 500 - 200 |
|
|
|
|
Mauryan Empire 321 - 185 |
|
|
|
| - 540 - 486 Mahavira, founder of Jainism. |
|
- 400 Panini's Sutra, earliest Sanskrit grammer, is written.
- Delhi founded in India.
- 327 - 26 Alexander Great passes through Indus Valley installing Greek officials in area.
- 323 Alexander Great dies, providing opportunity for an independent state in India. Chandragupta Maurya founds Maurya dynasty, first Indian empire. Its capital is in Patna. By 184, this dynasty will conquer most of India.
- 304 Chandragupta trades 500 war elephants to Seleucus in exchange for Indus region & regions immediately to West. |
- 273 - 32 Ashoka, grandson of Chandragupta Maurya & most impressive ruler in Maurya dynasty, rules in India & institutes a series of edicts designed to bring about moral reform. His policy on reform flows from his Buddhist orientation.
- Asoka 2001 |
- 251 - 246 The Aryan Hindus occupy Celyon.
- 250 A general council of Buddhist monks is held in Patna, where canon of Buddhist scriptures is selected. |
- 184 Maurya dynasty ends when last ruler is assassinated by an ambitious army commander. |
|
400's |
300's |
200's |
100's |
|
|
Eastern Zhou Dynasty 1600 - 256 |
|
|
Han Dynasties 206 BC - 220 AD |
|
|
|
Warring States period
475 - 221 |
|
221-207 Qin |
|
Western Han
206 BC - AD 9 |
|
|
- Lau Tzu was a contemporary of Confucius
- After 500 BC Iron Age Dong-Son culture (Vietnam). Bronze drums. "Moon of Bali" (Indonesia). Plain of Jars (Laos). |
|
| - 263 - 46 Great Wall of China constructed |
- 263 Forth Dynasty, Tsin, began in China. Chi-Hoang-Ti was first Emperor. "Great Wall " of China was started by Chihoang-Ti
- 236 "Great Wall" of China was completed. wall was 1,500 miles long, averaging a height of 20 feet, with a tower every 300 feet. It crossed mountains 5,000 feet high.
China Unification 221
- Emperor's Shadow (Qin Song) 1999 - China/English subtitles
- Hero 2004 - China's first emperor unifies nation |
|
|
400's |
300's |
200's |
100's |
|
|
Ancient Olympic Games in Greece 776 - 393 AD |
|
Roman Republic 753 - 27 AD |
|
Classical Period
500 - 400 |
|
Late Classical
400 - 330 |
|
Hellenistic Age
330 - 30 |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
Greek City States remain relatively independent
323 - 148 |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
Maced
338 - 309 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| - 570 - 495 Pythagoras Greek philosopher & mathematician, on island of Samos. |
|
Sophocles 495 - 05 second major Greek playwright & author of Oedipus Rex & Antigone. Wrote 113 plays. Only 7 are existent today. |
- 493 - 429 Pericles rules Athens. He solidifies Cleistenes' reforms & masterminds construction of Parthenon.
- 490 First Persian invasion of Greece, Battle of Marathon.
- 300 Spartans 1962
- Battle of Marathon between Athens & Darius' Persia; Athens is overwhelmingly victorious.
- 485 Heraclitus of Ephesus flourishes. He teaches that reality is in a constant state of flux: "One cannot step into same river twice."
- 484 Joiakim became High Priest in Jerusalem.
Herodotus 484 - 425 father of history. |
- 480 In September, thanks to military genius of Themistocles, Athenians crush Xerxes & Persians at naval Battle of Salamis.
-
Second Persian invasion of Greece, Spartans are defeated at Thermopylae, Athens is occupied by Persians. Persians are finally defeated at Salamis.
- 480 - 406 Euripides lived 74 years. Was last of three great Greek Tradegidians. Wrote 95 plays.
- 479 Persians are defeated at Plataea.
- 477 Construction on Parthenon begins under guidance of Pericles.
| - 776 - 393 Ancient Olympic Games in Greece |
- 472 Playwright Aeschylus submits a play called Persians to annual drama competition in Athens. play tells story of Battle of Salamis from Persians' perspective.
Socrates 470 - 399
Famous philosopher of ethics. He leaves no written work himself, but is protagonist of Plato's dialogues.
- Socrates 1970
- Barefoot in Athens 1966 |
- 461 - 429 Pericles enters public life, democracy is perfected & court system is completed.
- 443 - 429 Pericles is leader of Athens during Golden Age.
Hippocrates 460 - 370
known as "The Father of Medicine" is born. |
- 454 Delian League, a naval alliance of Athens & other city-states, is established through talks on isle of Delos.
- 448 Peace with Persians
- 431 - 404 Peloponnesian War between Athens & Sparta.
- 430 Plague in Athens
- 429 - 347 Plato philosopher lived 82 years.
- 427 Birth of Plato, Socrates' most distinguished student.
- 411 Revolts in Athens
- 406 Soldiers were first paid in Rome.
- 404 Athens Surrenders to Sparta. |
| - 395 - 340 Warfare between rival Greek leagues. |
| - 384 - 22 Aristotle lived 62 years. |
- 371 Thebes defeats Sparta at Leuctra
- 359 Philip II became king of Macedon. He first married Olympias, then Cleopatra.
- 356 Alexander III Great born.
- 338 In Greece Philip of Macedon conquered country & was succeeded by his son 2 years later. Athens ceased to be a major power from this point on. Philip’s League of Corinth was composed of impotent Hellenic states that had lost their collective freedom at battle of Chaeronea.
- Philip II erected Olympia’s Philippeion in Athens following his victory at Chaeronea. round marble building was completed by his son, Alexander.
- 338 Philip of Macedonia leads Greek City States.
- 336 - 323 Alexander Great's reign.
- 336 Alexander inherited throne of Macedonia & all of Greece. Within 4 years he conquered entire Persian Empire.
- 333 Hittite lands & village known as Ancyra was conquered by Macedonians led by Alexander Great.
- 332 Alexander Great defeated city of Tyre. Alexandria built, walls six miles in circumference residence of Ptolemies, Greek sovereigns of Egypt.
- 330 Persia fell to Alexander Great.
- Alexander Great 1956 2004
- 323 Alexander died in Babylon at 32. His general, Ptolemy, took possession of Egypt.
- 323 Macedonian empire divided into: Egypt Syria, under King of Phrygia, Anticonus; Cappadocia, Asia Minor, under Eumenes; Bithynia, under Bas; Pergamus, under Lysimachus; Greece, under Cassander; Thrace, under Lysimachus; & Macedon under, Philip Aridaeus III.
- 312 Appius Claudius constructed first Roman military road, 350 miles long & called "Appian Way." |
| - 323 - 148 Greek City States remain relatively independent. Frequent warfare continues between rival leagues. |
- 293 Time was first divided into hours by a sundial of L. Papirius, Cursor at Rome.
- 290 sixth wonder of world, Brass Colossus of Rhodes, was built.
- 287 Archimedes was born. He invented, among other things, screw & lever.
- 285 - 247 Ptolemy II of Macedonia began his rule of Egypt. During his reign he founded Cyprian port of Famagusta.
- 260 first Roman fleet was built.
- 250 Parthian Empire is started.
Punic Wars 1 & 2
246 - 241 & 218 - 202
- Hannibal 1960
- Scipio Africanus: Defeat of Hannibal 1939
- Cabiria 1910 |
- 223 Macedonian empire divided into: Egypt under Ptolemy I Lagus (Reputed son of Philip, half brother of Alexander); Syria, under King of Phrygia, Anticonus; Cappadocia, Asia Minor, under Eumenes; Bithynia, under Bas; Pergamus, under Lysimachus; Greece, under Cassander; Thrace, under Lysimachus; & Macedon under, Philip Aridaeus III.
- 221 Hannibal of Carthage defeated Romans.
|
- 200 - 196 First Roman victories over Greece.
- 198 Greek Bible translated at Alexandria by 70 Hebrew scholars.
- 174 streets of Rome were paved.
- 170 first public bakery was started in Rome.
- 168 Macedon conquered by Rome.
- 161 Jews signed a treaty with Romans. first treaty with Jews on record.
| - 160 - 25 Flourishing of Hipparchus of Nice, Bithynia who laid foundations of Geographical & Astronomical Science. Elder Pliny called him "the confidant of nature" & "Patriarch of Astronomy." |
| - 150 - 100 Germans meet Romans - hate at first sight. |
-149 - 146 Third Punic War
- Carthage in Flames 1959
- 148 Macedonia becomes a Roman providence.
- 146 Corinth destroyed by Romans.
- Greece became a Roman province under name of Athens. Carthiage was taken by Scipio & became a part of Rome.
- Greek city-states become part of Roman Empire.
- 133 Spain became a Roman province. Pergamus became a Roman province.
| - 106 - 43 Cicero Roman orator & philosopher |
|
- 86 Athens is sacked by Sulla.
- 84 Britain was first known to be an island by Romans who sailed around it.
71 Sparticus's slave revolt
- Spartacus 1960
- Spartacus 2004
- Sins of Rome 1954 |
-
Odin settled Scandinavia.
- 65 - 27 Horace poet
- 60 first Triumvirate of Julius Caesar, Crassus
- 57 Sanhedrin took over ruler ship of Jews. & Pompey were formed.
- Pompey of Rome conquered Jerusalem.
- 53 Crasus invaded Parthia
- 48 Syria became a part of Rome.
- 46 - 15 AD Ovid, "the love-poet of Romans" was born. He lived 61 years & authored over 54 books.
Julius Caesar 100 - 44
- Julius Caesar 1953
- Julius Caesar 2002
- Julius Caesar 1970
- Rome 2005 |
- 44 Caesar, then dictator for four years, was slain in Senate House by Brutus & Cassius, & fell at Pompey's statue, He sustained 23 wounds. He was known as a great general, statesman & warrior.
- 43 Octavius, Lepidus & Mark Antony formed second Triumvirate.
- 37 Roman Senate appointed Herod, an Idumean Arab, King of Judea. He ruled for 34 years. Herod began construction of great Jewish Temple on Mt. Moriah in Jerusalem.
- 36 Lepidus was expelled from Triumvirate.
- 31 Octavius, at Actium, defeated Cleopatra & Antony.
- 30 Egypt became a Roman province.
- 27 Octavius, being sole ruler, assumed Imperial Purple. first Emperor of Rome. Golden Age of Rome started. ruled 44 years. died 14 A.D.
|
400's |
300's |
200's |
100's |
|
|
|
400 years of Biblical silence |
|
J |
|
| - 588 - 455 Kingdom of Judah |
- 458 Ezra was sent to govern Jerusalem.
- 445 Nehemiah was sent to "restore & rebuild" walls of Jerusalem.
- Book of Nehemiah written.
- 433 Eliashib was high priest in Jerusalem.
| - 420 - 397 Book of Malachi. Prophesied 23 years. |
- 413 Joiada was High Priest in Jerusalem. |
- 397 39 books of Old Testament ended. Four hundred years of Biblical silence started.
- 373 John was High Priest in Jerusalem.
- 321 Onias became High Priest in Jerusalem.
Esther
- Esther & King 1960
- Esther 1999 |
|
- 217 Simon became high priest of Jerusalem |
- 198 Jewish Sanhedrin was first mentioned.
- 175 Jason became High Priest in Jerusalem.
- 165 Jud was vaascant in Jerusalem.
- 161 Jews signed a treaty with Romans. first treaty with Jews on record.
- 150 Simon became High Priest & governor in Jerusalem.
- 136 Hyrcanus became High Priest in Jerusalem.
- 130 John Hyrcanus destroyed temple on Mount Gerizim.
- 107 Hyrcanus, High Priest of Jerusalem, took title "King of Jews."
- 106 government of Maccabees began in Palestine.
- Janneus became King of Jews |
- 79 Alexandra Janneus' widow, became Queen of Jews.
- 74 - 4 Herod Great
Herod Great 1960 |
- 69 Hyrcanus became ruler of Jews.
- 57 Sanhedrin took over ruler ship of Jews. & Pompey were formed.
- Pompey of Rome conquered Jerusalem.
- 47 Antipater ruled Jews.
- 37 - 3 Roman Senate appointed Herod, an Idumean Arab, King of Judea. He ruled for 34 years. Herod began construction of great Jewish Temple on Mt. Moriah in Jerusalem.
- 36 Lepidus was expelled from Triumvirate.
- 10 - 68 Apostle Peter who
| - 6/4 Jesus Christ born. John Baptist born. |
|
400's |
300's |
200's |
100's |
|
|
| |
The Invasion of Transoxiana & capture of Samarkand by Greeks under Alexander Great, resulting in rule of Greek Seleucids in both Bactria & Soghdiana
329 - 28 |
|
|
| |
Seleucid Empire 323 - 60 |
|
|
|
- 500's Invasion of Transoxiana by Achaemenids of Persia under Darius I & Cyrus.
|
- 300's Samartians begin to absorb Scythians.
|
- 250 Parthians take Soghdiana from Greeks, leaving latter to rule only in Bactria.
- 206 Han dynasty is established in China.
- 200 Emergence of Hsiung-nu (later known as Huns?) on western borders of China.u |
- 174 - 161 Hsiung-nu attack Yüeh-chih (known in West as Tocharians), driving them from Gansu.
- 141 - 128 Yüeh-chih, fleeing from Hsiung-nu, overrun Greco-Bactrian kingdom, which is renamed Tocharistan.
- 138 first Chinese diplomatic mission to Ferghana Valley, led by Chang Chien.
- 121 Chinese, under General Ho Chu-ping, defeat Hsiung-nu.
- 106 Diplomatic ties are established between Chinese & Persians.
- 102 Chinese capture Kokand. |
- 51 Hsiung-nu split into two hordes, with Eastern Horde subject to China. |
400's |
300's |
200's |
100's |
|
|
Celtic rule throughout most of Continental Europe 500 - 200 |
|
|
|
|
| |
Development of runes 250 - 100 |
|
|
|
- 500 Iron Age begins in Scandinavia.
|
| - 500 - 200 Celtic rule throughout most of Continental Europe |
|
- 200 East Germanic peoples (Goths, Burgundians) migrate from Scandinavia to Eastern Europe, settling Steppes & Black Sea area.
-
West Germanic peoples migrate south into area of modern Germany, displacing Celts who had previously ruled this region.
-
Proto-Germanic dividing into North & West Germanic & East Germanic (becomes Gothic, with no surviving modern language). |
| - 250 - 100 Development of runes |
| - 150 - 100 The Germans meet Romans - hate at first sight. |
|
| - 100 B.C. - 500 A.D. practice of sacrificing/executing people in bogs is carried out regularly in Scandinavia, especially Denmark. |
- 84 Britain was first known to be an island by Romans who sailed around it.
- 70 Odin settled Scandinavia. |
400's |
300's |
200's |
100's |
|
|
5000 year long Mayan age 3114 BC - 1755 AD |
|
|
|
Early Teotihuacan 200 BC - 300 |
|
Middle Preclassic Maya 900 - 300 |
|
Late Preclassic Maya 300 BC - AD 250 |
|
|
| - 900 - 300 Middle Preclassic Maya |
|
- 400 earliest known solar calendars carved in stone are in use among Maya, although solar calendar may have been known & used by Maya before this date. |
- 300 Maya adopt idea of a hierarchical society ruled by nobles & kings. |
| - 100 city of Teotihuacan is founded & for centuries is cultural, religious & trading center of Mesoamerica |
|
|
400's |
300's |
200's |
100's |
|
|
Ancient Nok culture thrives in forests of central Nigeria.
Claimed by Yoruba peoples as ancestors, Nok are justly revered for their art & terra cottas.
500 BC - 200 AD |
|
|
- 500 Aksumites migrated to Ethiopia
- 400 Working iron in Congo area |
- 300 Rulers of Nubia established their capital at Meroë around 300 B.C., & kingdom lasted there for more than nine centuries. Wonders: City of Meroe, Black Kingdoms of Nile
|
- 250 A Tale of Two Floodplains: Comparative Perspectives on Emergence of Complex Societies & Urbanism in Middle Niger & Senegal Valleys
- 221 Hannibal of Carthage defeated Romans.
| - 220 - 183 Hannibal reigned Carthage |
|
- 500 BC - 200 AD Ancient Nok culture thrives in forests of central Nigeria.
Claimed by Yoruba peoples as ancestors, Nok are justly revered for their art & terra cottas.
|
|
|
900's |
800's |
700's |
600's |
|
|
| |
|
|
- 626 Thales, first of seven sages, or wise men of Greece, suggested that earth was round. |
|
900's |
800's |
700's |
600's |
|
|
5000 year long Mayan age 3114 BC - 1755 AD |
Age of Aries 1875 - 100 |
|
| - 1000 Rig Veda, first Vedic literature written |
|
|
- 599 Jainism, Mahavira |
- 560 Buddhism - Gautama Buddha
- 550 Taoism - Lao Tzu |
900's |
800's |
700's |
600's |
|
|
Late Egyptian 1300 – 700 |
|
|
Demotic Egyptian 600's BC – 300's AD |
|
Elamite Empire 2700 - 539 |
|
|
Israel 1050 - 920 |
|
|
Eastern Zhoo Dynasty 1046 - 256 |
|
Western Zhou 1027 - 771 |
|
Spring & Autumn period 770 - 476 |
|
| |
Assyrian Empire 900 - 612 |
|
|
|
Middle Preclassic Maya 900 - 300
|
|
|
Roman Republic 753 - 27 AD |
|
|
Persia
550 - 330 |
|
|
900's |
800's |
700's |
600's |
|
|
Elamite Empire 2700 - 539 |
|
|
Israel
1050 - 920 |
|
|
Assyrians expanded
900 - 840 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Persia
550 - 330 |
|
| |
Assyria reclaims
934 - 859 |
|
|
|
| |
Assyrian Empire 900 - 612 |
|
|
|
- 980 Syria lost to Israel. Hadad (or Benhadad) was ruler of Syria. He was hired by Asa, King of Judah, to make war on Bassha, King of Israel.
- Benhadad, son of Hadad, became king of Syria. He was at war with King Ahab of Israel for two years. (Circa. 925 B.C.)
- 900 Urartu adopts Assyrian cuneiform script
| - 900 - 612 Assyrian Empire |
- 900 Benhadad besieged Samaria. A severe famine resulted. Miraculously Syrian army panicked & fled, producing a great plenty. |
| - 934 - 859 Assyria reclaims lands lost to Urartian invasion |
| - 900 - 840 Assyrians expanded empire to west. By 840 they conquered Syria & Turkey, territory that had formerly belonged to Hittites. |
- 885 Hazael became king of Syria. He reigned 40 years.
- 880 Ashurnasirpal II moves Assyrian capital to Calah
- Nebo-Baladan became king of Babylon. A boundary was fixed by treaty with Assyria.
- 856 Shalmeneser III of Assyria defeats first known king of Urartu, Aramu
|
- 774 Assyrian incursions of Phoenicia begin
- 763 A remarkable eclipse of sun was noted in Assyrian Chronological Canon. date proved correct.
- 745 Tiglath-Pileser III rebuilds decaying Assyrian empire
- Tiglathpileser II became king of Assyria & conquered Babylon.
- 743 Tiglath-Pileser III of Assyria defeats Urartu & re-asserts Assyrian control over northern Syria
- 738 Assyria invades Phoenicia
- 735 Assyrians begin incursions into Urartu
- 734 Tyre falls to Tiglath-Pileser III of Assyria
- 731 Assyria conquers Babylon. Shalmaneser IV is king.
- 728 Shalmaneaser invaded Israel. Israel, under King Hoshea, became a tributary to Assyria.
- 724 Assyria invades Israel.
- 722 Sargon II reorganizes Assyrian empire into 70 provinces
| - 721 - 703 Chaldaeans enter Babylonia & compete for Babylonian throne |
- 721 Samaria, capital of Israel, captured by Sargon II of Assyria
-
Sargon II of Assyria deports 28,000 Israelites who become "Ten Lost Tribes of Israel"
-
Humban-Nikash of Elam defeats Sargon II of Assyria at Battle of Der
- 714 Sargon II of Assyria defeats a Urartian army under Rusa I
- 709 Phrygia becomes a tributary to Assyria
- 705 Sargon II moves Assyrian capital to Dur Sharrukin
- Media revolted against Assrya. Deioces became king of Media & Persia. He ruled for 53 years. (705 B.C.)
- 701 Assyria attacks Jerusalem
-
Assyrians invade & conquer most of Phoenicia
- 700 Sennacherib moves Assyrian capital to Nineveh
- Achaemenes, first king of Persia
- Bablyon was destroyed & Jerusalem besieged by Sennacherib, king of Assryia. |
- 689 Assyrians destroy Babylon
- 681 Esarhaddon restored Babylon.
| - 671 - 651 Assyrian rule in Egypt |
- 654 Kushites driven from Egypt by Assyrians
- 653 Elam becomes an Assyrian vassal
- 652 - 648 Babylonians rebel against their Assyrian rulers
- 646 Ashurbanipal of Assyria sacks Susa bringing Elamite power to an end
- 641 Arabs conquer Persia & Egypt
- 627 A revolt occurs within Assyrian court following death of Ashurbanipal
- 626 Nabopolassar became king of Babylon. Uniting with Necho of Egypt & Cyaxares of Media, he took Nineveh & ended Assyrian Empire.
- Cortigiana di Babilonia (Queen of Babylon) 1956
- 625 - 605 Chaldaean king, Nabopolassar, secures Babylonian throne
- 614 Medes capture Ashur
- Persians capture Damascus & Jerusalem
- 612 Medes ally with Babylonia to conquer Assyria
- Medes ally with Babylonia to conquer Assyria
- 609 Ashur-Uballit II, last Assyrian king, retreats & is defeated at Harran
- 606 Babylon invaded Judah & took educated captives.
- 605 Nebuchadnezzar became king of Babylon. He ruled 43 years. Chaldee-Babylonian Empire extended from Tigris River to Nile River. Daniel 11:38 |
- 595 Babylon again invaded Judah & took captives.
- 587 Nebuchadnezzar II of Babylonia captures Jerusalem
- Judah becomes a province of Babylonia
- 586 exile of Jews to Babylon
- Nebuchadnezzar II of Babylonia conquers Phoenicia
- 581 Nebuchadnezzar II of Babylonia burns Jerusalem
- 559 Persia conquers Medes
- Cyrus became ruler of Media.
- 552 Temple of Diana built at Ephesus.
- 550 Persia conquers Lydia
- Cyrus conquered Asia Minor.
- 547 - 546 Cyrus Great of Persia conquers Babylonia absorbing Babylon into Persian empire
- Intolerance 1916
- 539 Nebuchadnezzar II builds Hanging Gardens Cyrus Great of Persia conquers Babylonia absorbing Babylon into Persian empire
-
Cyrus Great of Persia frees captive Jews from Babylonia - Cyrus Great of Parsa rebels against Medes & founds Persian empire
- Cyrus Great of Persia frees captive Jews from Babylonia
- Cyrus Great absorbs Phoenicia into Persian Empire
- Elam is absorbed into Persian Empire
- 538 Cyrus conquered Babylon, setting Darius on throne as an under-king. It had walls 350 feet high & 87 feet thick which incorporated 25 brass gates on each side.
- Egypt conquered by Persians
- 529 Cambyses became king of Persia.
- 527 dynasty of Pharaohs ended & Egypt became a Persian Province.
- 525 Darius I quells a rebellion in Persia & becomes king
- 522 birth of Xerxes, future king of Persia
- 521 Darius I became king of Persian Empire.
- 500 Persian Wars
|
900's |
800's |
700's |
600's |
|
|
Late Egyptian 1300 – 700 |
|
Demotic Egyptian 600's BC – 300's AD |
|
|
Twenty-second Dynasty
945 - 720 |
|
|
Twenty-sixth Dynasty
672 - 525 |
|
|
|
Libu
805 - 732 |
|
Twenty-fifth Dynasty
732 - 656 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Twenty-third Dynasty
836 - 720 |
|
|
|
Twenty-second Dynasty
945 - 720
- 945 - 24 Shoshenq I biblical Shishaq
- 924 - 889 Osorkon I
- 890 Shoshenq II
- 889 - 74 Takelot I
- 875 - 62 Harsiese
- 874 - 34 Osorkon II
- 834 - 795 Shoshenq III
- 795 - 82 Shoshenq IV
- 782 - 76 Pami
- 776 - 40 Shoshenq V
- 740 - 20 Osorkon IV |
Twenty-third Dynasty
836 - 720
- 837 - 13 Takelot II
- 826 - 01 Pedubast A rebel, seized Thebes from Takelot II
- 812 - 11 Iuput I
- 801 - 795 Shoshenq VI
- 795 - 67 Osorkon III Son of Takelot II, recovered Thebes, then proclaimed himself king
- 773 - 65 Takelot III
- 765 - 62 Rudamun
- 762 - 28 Iuput II |
|
|
- 723 Ethiopian twenty-fifth Dynasty began in Egypt. Shabak was ruler for 12 years. (723 B.C.)
- 700 Earliest Greek settlement in Egypt's Nile delta
Libu 805 - 732
- 805 - 795 Inamunnifnebu
- 780 - 55 Niumateped
- 763 - 55 Titaru
- 755 - 50 Ker
- 750 - 45 Rudamon
- 745 - 36 Ankhor
- 736 - 32 Tefnakht |
Twenty-fourth Dynasty
732 - 720
- 732 - 25 Tefnakhte Bakenrenef
- 725 - 20 Bocchoris |
|
Twenty-fifth Dynasty
732 - 656
- 752 - 21 PiyeKing of Nubia
- 721 - 07 Shabaka
- 707 - 690 Shebitku
- 690 - 64 Taharqa
- 664 - 56 Tantamani |
Twenty-sixth Dynasty
672 - 525
- 672 – 64 Necho I
- 664 – 10 Psamtik I
- 610 – 595 Necho II
- 595 – 89 Psamtik II
- 589 – 70 Wahibre
- 570 – 26 Ahmose II
- 526 – 25 Psammetichus III |
|
- 536 Pythagora, of Magna-Graecia visited Egypt.
- 527 dynasty of Pharaohs ended & Egypt became a Persian Province.
- 525 Cambyses, Persian ruler, conquers Egypt
|
900's |
800's |
700's |
600's |
|
|
|
The Brahmans begin to emerge 800 - 600 |
|
|
Buddha 563 |
|
Late Vedic period, Aryans integrated into Indian culture. Caste system emerges. 1000 - 600 |
|
|
|
|
Upanishads written; doctrines of reincarnation 800 - 500 |
|
|
| - 1000 Rig Veda, first Vedic literature written.
|
|
| - 540 - 486 Mahavira, founder of Jainism. |
- 537 Cyrus Persian campaigns west of Indus River.
- 517 - 509 Darius Persian conquers Indus Valley region, making area a province of Persian Empire.
- 500 Brush |
900's |
800's |
700's |
600's |
|
|
Eastern Zhoo Dynasty 1046 - 256 |
|
Western Zhou 1046 - 771 |
|
Spring & Autumn period 770 - 476 |
|
|
| |
|
|
- 651 Chinese historian, Sematsin, affixed first dates to Chinese history. King-Vang I was ruler of China. (651 B.C.) |
- 520 Confucius remodeled sacred books of Chinese. |
900's |
800's |
700's |
600's |
|
|
The Dark Age 1100 - 800 |
|
Archaic Period 800 - 500 |
|
First settlements on Palatine Hill 1000 - 800 |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
Ancient Olympic Games in Greece 776 - 393 AD |
|
|
Roman Republic 753 - 27 AD |
|
|
|
- 900 Dorian migration to Aegean islands, Asia Minor (area around Rhodes), & through Peloponnesus.
| - 884 - 834 Homers estimated life |
- 869 Dido, from Tyre, founded Carthage.
- 813 Caranus founded Macedon.
- 800 Emergence of Greek city-states, including Athens, Thebes & Megara.
|
| - 800 - 700 Monarchies begin to be replaced by Aristocratic Republics. |
| - 776 - 393 Ancient Olympic Games in Greece |
- 770 Romulus born.
- 753 Traditional Founding of Rome by Romulus & Remus.
- 716 Rule of Romulus
- 750 Greek cities founded in Italy.
| - 715 - 674 Etruscan civilization dominates region. |
- 700 Homer's epic poems first set down in writing
- Hesiod composes his Theogony, Works & Days, & other poems
|
| - 673 - 642 Reign of Numa Pompilius |
- 650 Rome destroys Alba Longa
- Sins of Rome (1954)
- 642 - 617 Reign of Tullius Hostilius
| - 616 - 579 Reign of Ancus Marcius
Reign of L. Tarquinius Priscus |
- 667 Byzantium founded.
- 650 Sparta was reorganized by Lycurgus, who made aristocratic city into an oligarchy based on warfare.
- 626 Thales, first of seven sages, or wise men of Greece, suggested that earth was round.
- 621 Draco's code of law
- Athens founded.
| - 620 - 564 Aesop lived 56 years. |
- 616 Rome flourished under Tarquin.
| - 612 - 570 Sappho, famous female lyric poet from isle of Lesbos. |
- 600 Etruscans build tombs of Cerveteri.
- Forum in Rome is built. (Coincides with a more historical foundation of city of Rome)
-
Coin currency introduced.
|
- 594 Solon became Athens' chief magistrate. He established Council of 400 & made other legal reforms designed to give citizens more voice.
- 585 Thales, founder of school of philosophy in Miletus, is first to present a rational explanation of cosmos (namely, that all things are made of moisture).
| - 570 - 495 Pythagoras Greek philosopher & mathematician, on island of Samos. |
- 578 Tarquinius Priscus builds Cloaca Maxima, first sewer.
- 578 - 535 Reign of Servius Tullius
- 566 Panathenaic festivals established.
- 559 Persian Empire founded by Cyrus Great
- 552 Temple of Diana built at Ephesus.
| - 547 - 527 Pisistratus is ruler of Athens. He establishes festivals, builds temples & fountains, & encourages growth of olives for export. |
- 550 Servius Tullius builds city walls.
- 549 Thespis, Greek poet & tragedian.
- 546 Persian invasion & conquest of Greek territories through out Asia Minor.
- 544 Pisistratus founded first public library at Athens & collected poems of Homer.
- 536 Pythagoras discovered forty-seventh problem, multiplication table & suggested ideas of which Copernican system was full development.
- 535 - 510 Reign of L. Tarquinius Superbus
- 534 According to tradition, Thespis becomes first actor by reciting poetry as characters in poem.
- 530 Pythagoras, mathematician & philosopher, & his followers found city of Croton. Their community is based on philosophy, literature, & political activity.
- 525 Greek drama begins to grow out of Dionysian festivals, especially with plays of Aeschylus.
- 525 - 455 Aeschylus first of three ancient Greek tragedians whose work has survived
- 518 Birth of Pindar, Greek lyric poet who is especially inspired by athletic victory.
- 515 Birth of Parmenides of Elea, founder of Eleatic school that focused on metaphysics.
- 510 Athens drove out tyrant Hippias, son of Pisistratus. Cleisthenes & Isagoras struggle for power.
- Rape of Sabines
- 509 Overthrow of Etruscan kings & destruction of monarchy by L. Junius Brutus.
- temple of Jupiter Capitolinus is built on Capitoline Hill
-
Establishment of Roman Republic
- 508 Creation of position of Pontifex Maximus as an official, to oversee Rex Sacrorum.
- Cleisthenes flees Athens as Spartan troops approach to assist Isagoras, & Isagoras becomes ruler of Athens.
- 507 Cleisthenes returns to Athens & institutes a democracy – one vote for each free man on every matter of importance.
- Cleisthenes' democratic constitution.
-
A republic was established in Carthage.
- 504 Migration of Claudii to Rome.
- 503 Carthage made first alliance with Rome.
- 501 Appointment of first-ever dictator, T. Larcius
- 500 Sparta dominated Peloponnese region of southern Greece
- Height of Greek sculpture begins with work of Phidias & Myron. |
900's |
800's |
700's |
600's |
|
|
|
|
2nd Book of Kings 890 - 582 308 year history |
|
|
|
|
Manaseh
998 - 943 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Book of Second Chronicles 1015 - 588 |
|
|
|
|
Kingdom of Israel 975 - 721 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Kingdom of Judah
975 - 588 |
|
Kingdom of Judah
Post capture 588 - 455 |
|
|
| - 1017 - 898 1st Book of Kings |
House of Jeroboam
- 922 – 901 Jeroboam I
- 901 – 900 Nadab |
- 984 Jehu
- 980 Syria lost to Israel
Solomon's reign
1015 - 975
- Solomon & Sheba 1959
- La Regina di Saba (Queen of Sheba) 1952 |
- 975 Solomon died. fight for his throne resulted in twelve tribes of Israel dividing, creating Great Schism.
| - 975 - 58 Rehoboam ruled 17 years. two southern tribes, Benjamin & Judah. Kingdom of Judah. |
| - 975 - 588 Kingdom of Judah lasted 387 years. Jerusalem is capital. |
| - 975 - 54 Jeroboam ruled 21 years. ten northern tribes. Kingdom of Israel. |
| - 975 - 721 Kingdom of Israel lasted 254 years. Samaria is capitol. |
- 958 - 55 Abijah reigned Judah three years.
- 955 - 14 Asa reigned Judah 41 years as a good & godly king. |
- 954 - 52 Nadab king of Israel.
- 952 - 30 Baasha reigned Israel 23 years.
- 930 - 20 Elah ruled Israel 10 years.
- 920 Omri reigned Israel |
- 925 Benhadad became king of Syria. He was at war with King Ahab of Israel for two years.
- 920 Zimri ruled Israel 7 days
Israel. 10 years
- 918 Ahab became king of Israel. 21 years
| - 914 - 889 Jehoshaphat, son of Asa reigned Judah 25 years. |
|
House of Baasha
- 900 - 877 Baasha
- 877 - 876 Elah
- 876 Zimri
The House of Omri
- 876 - 869 Omri
- 869 - 850 Ahab
- 850 - 849 Ahaziah
- 849 - 842 Joram
The House of Jehu
- 842 - 815 Jehu
- 815 - 801 Jehoahaz |
| - 892 - 80 Joram reigned Israel 12 years. |
- 891 Ahaziah 1 year evil
| - 890 - 582 2nd Book of Kings 308 year history |
- 889 - 85 Jehoram reigned Judah four years.
- 885 Ahaziah reigned Judah one year.
| - 884 - 78 Athaliah reigned Queen of Judah six years. |
| - 884 - 857 Jehu reigned Israel 27 years. |
| - 878 - 39 Joash reigned Judah 39 years. Became king at seven years of age, under guidance of Jehoiadah High Priest. While Jehoiadah lived Joash was a good king. At Jehoiadah's death Joash turned evil & was finally slain. |
| - 857 - 41 Jehoahaz reigned Israel 16 years. |
- Elisha Tishbite was a prophet in Israel. He served for about 55 years.
| - 841 - 25 Jehoash reigned Israel 16 years. |
| - 839 - 10 Amaziah reigned Judah 29 years. |
| - 825 - 784 Jeroboam II reigned Israel 41 years. |
- 813 Caranus founded Macedon.
| - 810 - 758 Uzziah reigned Israel 52 years. |
|
House of
Jehoash
- 801 - 786 Jehoash
( Joash
- 786 - 746 Jeroboam II
- 746 Zachariah
House of Jabesh
- 745 Shallum |
- 785 Book of Jonah written. Jonah called to preach to Nineveh.
- 784 Book of Amos written.
| - 784 - 73 Inter-regnum of 11 years in Israel. Zechariah reigned for one year & Shallum for one month. |
| - 770 - 59 Menahemreinged Israel 11 years. |
| - 760 - 698 Book of Isaiah prophesied lasted 62 years. |
- 761 - 59 Pekahiah ruled Israel two years.
| - 759 - 39 Pekah reigned Israel 20 years. |
- 758 Book of Joel written.
| - 758 - 42 Jotham reigned Judah 16 years. Good King. |
Last Houses of Israel
745 - 22
- 745 - 38 Menahem
- 738 - 37 Pekahiah
- 737 - 32 Pekah
- 732 - 22 Hoshea |
| - 742 - 26 Ahaz reigned Judah 16 years. Bad King. |
- 739 Anarchy reigned in Israel.
- 730 Hoshea became king of Israel.
| - 728 - 05 Hezekiah reigns Judah 23 years well. |
- 728 Israel
became a tributary to Assyria when Shalmaneaser invades.
| - 725 - 665 Hosea prophesied 60 years. Reprove Israel for their sins & idolatry, warned Judah & revolted against Assyrian domination. |
- 724 Assrya invaded Israel.
- 721 Kingdom of Israel came to an end. Israel, comprised of 10 northern tribes of "Children of Israel," was carried away into Assrya, never to return. They disappeared into lands across north, vanishing from worldview. Hence they are called "The Lost Tribes."
- 710 Micah prophesied. Book of Micah was written.
- 705 Media revolted against Assrya. Deioces became king of Media & Persia.
- 700 Bablyon destroyed & Jerusalem besieged by Sennacherib, king of Assryia.
- Book of Nahum was written. |
| - 698 - 43 Manasseh's 55 year reign over kingdom of Judah. most wicked of Judah's kings until he was taken captive & then became good. |
-
Ark of Covenant goes to Aksum, Ethiopia
- 681 Esarhaddon restored Babylon.
- 651 Chinese historian, Sematsin, affixed first dates to Chinese history. King-Vang I ruler of China.
- 643 - 41 Amon reigned Judah poorly
| - 641 - 11 Josiah reigned Judah 31 years nobly |
- 630 Zephaniah prophesied. Book of Zephaniah written.
- 629 - 588 Book of Jeremiah. Prophesied for 41 years.
- Jeremiah 1998 TV |
- 610 Jehoahaz reigned Judah 3 months. Pharoah Neco of Egypt then deposed & imprisoned him, installing his son, Jehoiakim as king. Jehoahaz was taken prisoner to Egypt where he died.
- Book of
Habakkuk written. This is time of Sappho, Greek poetess.
| - 610 - 599 Jehoiakim became king of Judah. He ruled for 11 years. |
- 606 Babylon invaded Judah & took educated captives.
| - 606 - 544 Book of Daniel. prophesied for 72 years. |
- 605 Nebuchadnezzar became king of Babylon. ruled 43 years. |
- 595 Book of Ezekiel written.
- Babylon again invaded Judah & took captives.
- 588 Babylon invaded Jerusalem & brought Jewish independence to an end. From this time on Jews are under Babylon, Persia, Egypt, Syria & Rome until 70 A.D. when they were scattered around world. On tenth of Loos, Solomon's temple burned.
| - 588 - 455 Kingdom of Judah post capture |
- 587 Book of Obadiah written.
- 554 Daniel cast into Lion's den.
- 550 Book of Ezra started
- 536 Zerubbabel was sent up to Judah with 42,360 people to rebuild Temple. Zerubbabel was governor of Jerusalem.
- 520 Books of Haggai & Zechariah written.
- 515 Jeshua became High Priest in Jerusalem. |
900's |
800's |
700's |
600's |
|
|
|
- 700 Scythians replace Cimmerians in Steppe region |
|
900's |
800's |
700's |
600's |
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
900's |
800's |
700's |
600's |
|
|
Olmec 1500 - 400 |
| |
Middle Preclassic Maya 900 - 300 |
|
|
| |
- 700 Writing is developed in Mesoamerica. |
|
900's |
800's |
700's |
600's |
|
|
1000 - 800 Bantu migration |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| - 1000 - 800 Bantu migration spreads through sub-Saharan Africa over some 2,000 years. originated in West Africa, migrating downward gradually into southern Africa. one of largest in human history. |
- 869 Dido, from Tyre, sister of Pygmhlion, founded Carthage. ("Dido purchased, for her city, as much land as a bullock's hide would enclose; then cutting it into a very fine string made it enclose a large space.") |
- 750 – 600 Kush or Nubia (upper or southern reaches of Nile River) rules Egypt from capital Meroe; with metal technology, widened economic influence in sub-Saharan Africa
Civilizations in Africa: Kush |
|
-
Before 500 Neolithic/Early Farming |
- 500 Aksumites were a people formed from mix of Kushitic speaking people in Ethiopia & Semitic speaking people in southern Arabia who settled territory across Red Sea around 500 BC. Civilizations in Africa: Axum
- 550 A republic was established in Carthage.
- 503 Carthage made first alliance with Rome. |
1400's |
1300's |
1200's |
1100's |
|
|
- 1493 Roman alphabet was developed. Cadmus was said to have brought fifteen Phoenician letters into Greece.
- 1400s Glass |
- 1300 Guitar |
- 1244 Palamedes invented dice. |
- 1160 Turin papyrus, world's earliest known geologic & topographic map |
- 1100 A Chinese dictionary containing 40,000 characters was completed by Pa-out-she. |
1400's |
1300's |
1200's |
1100's |
|
|
5000 year long Mayan age 3114 BC - 1755 AD |
Age of Aries 1875 - 100 |
|
1400's |
1300's |
1200's |
1100's |
|
|
Middle Egyptian Kingdom 2000 – 1300 |
|
Late Egyptian 1300 – 700 |
|
Egyptian Empire 1550 - 1070 |
|
|
|
Bronze Age of Greece 3000 - 1100 Late Minoan age in Crete 1600 - 1100 |
|
|
|
Elamite Empire in Iran 2700 - 539 |
|
Shang Chinese Dynasty 1700 - 1027 |
|
|
1600 - 1000 Early Vedic period of Indian civilization unfolds. |
|
| |
Hittite Empire in Iraq 1460 - 1180 |
|
|
|
Olmec culture in Mexico 1200 - 1000 |
|
|
1400's |
1300's |
1200's |
1100's |
|
|
Elamite Empire (Assyria) 2700 - 539 |
|
|
Hittite Empire 1460 - 1180 |
|
|
|
| - 1473 - 1184 Troy bronze age settlement of site of Trojan War. inhabitants probably spoke Luvian, an Indo-European language related to Hittite. |
- 1473 Troas founds city of Troy
- 1400 Kurigalzu I of Babylonia conquers Elam |
Hittites
- 1450 - 1300 The Hittite culture reached its highpoint & dominated territory North & East of Babylon including Turkey & northern Palestine.
- 1350 1st recorded smallpox epidemic took place during an Egyptian-Hittite war. Hittite warriors caught disease from Egyptian prisoners. king & heir were fatally infected & empire fell apart.
- 1347 - 1338 Tutankhamun |
- 1363 Ashur-Uballit revolts against Mitanni rule & founds Assyrian Empire
- 1350 Elam regains independence from Babylonia under King Igi-Halki
|
Assyria (Elam)
- 1273 Shalmaneser of Assyria conquers Mitanni
- 1271 Assyria & Babylon united under Tiglathninip I "King of nations"
- 1260 Assyrian scribes first mention Urartu
- 1240 Assyrians sack Babylon
- Assyria resists incursions by Mushki & Urartu
- 1240 Assyrians sack Babylon
- 1230 Rimmon became king of Babylon beginning its separation from Assyria.
- 1220 Babylon & Assyria became separate nations again.
- 1200 Gilgamesh Epic |
Hittites
- 1295 - 1272 Hittite king Muwatalli II signed a treaty with Alaksandu, ruler of Arzawa land known as Wilusa.
- 1286 Hittites fought off invading Egyptians. This reflected power gained from trading metals abundant in Turkey.
- 1285 Battle of Kadesh, in fifth year of his reign Ramesses moved to meet & destroy forces of Hittite king, Muwatallis, grandson of Suppililiumas. Here some 70,000-100,000 armed men clashed for two days... & was decisive in that Hittite advanced no further.
- 1267 -1237 King Hattusili III ruled Hittites. |
- 1271 Assyria & Babylon united under Tiglathninip I, son of Shalmaneser I. He was first to assume title, "King of Nations" as king of Sumir & Akkad.
- Troy was captured by Argonauts. (1239 B.C.)
- Rimmon became king of Babylon beginning its separation from Assyria. (1230 B.C.)
- 1220 Priam, father of Paris, became ruler of Troy. |
Hittites
- 1192 Ramessu III beat back a more formidable attack. inscription describing this war was engraved on second pylon of temple of Medinet Habu. Hittites & North Syrians had been so crippled by them that Ramessu took opportunity to extend frontier of Egyptian territory northward.
- 1185 The Hittite empire fell to “Sea People,” an invading group coming from west whose precise identity is unknown.
- 1168 Shutruk-Nahhunte of Elam invades Babylon & places his son on throne
- 1155 Assyria & Elam attack Babylonia ending Kassite rule
- 1125 Nebuchadnezzar I, king of Babylonia
-1104 Nebuchadnezzar I of Babylon invades & conquers Elam |
Trojan war 1194 - 1184
- Helen of Troy 2003
- Helen of Troy 1956
- Trojan Horse 1962
- Trojan Women 1972
- Troy 2004
- Odyssey 1977
- Odyssey 1997 TV miniseries
- Ulysses 1954 |
- 1155 Assyria & Elam attack Babylonia ending Kassite rule
|
- 1114 - 1076 reign of Tiglath-Pileser I of Assyria
- 1080 few Assyrian inscriptions were known for about 150 years. Hebrew kings, David & Solomon, became strong as Assyria became weak.
- 1000 Urartu overruns much of Assyria |
1400's |
1300's |
1200's |
1100's |
|
|
Middle Egyptian 2000 – 1300 |
|
Late Egyptian 1300 – 700 |
|
Eighteenth Dynasty
1550 - 1295 |
|
Nineteenth Dynasty
1295 - 1186 |
|
Twentieth Dynasty
1185 - 1070 |
|
Twenty-first
1069 - 945 |
|
|
Eighteenth Dynasty
- 1504 - 1492 Thutmose I
- 1492 - 79 Thutmose II
- 1479 - 25 Thutmose III
- 1473 - 58 Hatshepsut
- 1427 - 00 Amenhotep II
- 1400 - 1390 Thutmose IV
- 1390 - 52 Amenhotep III - Amenhotep IV
Akhenaten 1352 - 1336
- Egyptian 1954
- Nefertiti, regina del Nilo 1961 |
- 1338 - 36 Smenkhkare
- 1336 - 27 Tutankhamun Commonly believed to be son of Akhenaten, probably reinstated polytheistic religion.
- 1327 - 23 KheperkheprureAy
- 1323 - 1295 Horemheb |
|
- 1398 Seti I, Ramesses' son, began his 25-year rule of Egypt. Seti I built "Grand Hall of Columns" at Karnak, began Belzoni's tomb, dug canal from Nile to Red Sea & made "Great Table of Abydos."
- 1375 Akhenaton introduces monotheism in Egypt
-
Naturalistic art in Egypt
- 1373 Ramseese II, Great, son of Seti I, began his 61-year rule of Egypt. Ramseese II was most famous of Egyptian kings. He built cities & magnificent temples, Rock Temple of Ipsambul great wall, Raameseum at Thebes & introduced polygamy in Egypt.
- 1300 Berlin Mathematical Papyrus algebraic equations
- Transparent glass invented in Egypt
-
Use of Papyrus, pen, & ink for writing in Egypt |
Nineteenth Dynasty
- 1295 - 94 Ramesses I
- 1294 - 79 Seti I
| - 1279 - 13 Ramesses II Great |
- 1213 - 03 Merneptah A stele describing his campaigns in Libya & Palestine contains first known reference to Israelites
- 1203 - 00 Amenemses
- 1200 - 1194 Seti II |
- 1280 Ramesses III, "Egyptian Solomon." "built Temple of Ammon at Meoinet-Abou. last of heroic Kings of Egypt,
- 1275 Reached a stalemate with Hittites at Battle of Kadesh
- 1258 earliest known peace treaty was signed
- Peace treaty, world's earliest known
- 1225 decline of Egypt began. Art almost disappeared & literature was wanting. |
Nineteenth Dynasty
- 1194 - 88 Merneptah Siptah
- 1188 - 86 Twosret A rare female ruler |
- 1160 Turin papyrus, world's earliest known geologic & topographic map
- 1186 - 83 Setnakhte
- 1175 Ramesses III Fought Sea Peoples
- 1152 - 46 Ramesses IV
- 1146 - 42 Ramesses V
- 1142 - 34 Ramesses VI
- 1134 - 26 Ramesses VII
- 1126 - 24 Ramesses VIII
- 1124 - 06 Ramesses IX
- 1106 - 02 Ramesses X
- 1102 - 1069 Ramesses XI |
|
Twenty-first dynasty
- 1069 -43 Nesbanebdjed I
- 1043 - 39 Amenemnisu
- 1039 - 991 Psusennes I
- 993 - 84 Amenemope
- 984 - 78 Osorkon Elder
- 978 - 59 Siamun
- 959 - 45 Psusennes II
- 1000 Petroleum tar used in mummification |
- Third intermediate Libyan period
|
1400's |
1300's |
1200's |
1100's |
|
|
Early Vedic period of Indian civilization unfolds 1600 - 1000 |
|
| |
|
|
|
- 1000 Kingdoms of Media & Parsa founded by migrating Aryans |
1400's |
1300's |
1200's |
1100's |
|
|
Shang 1600 - 1046 |
|
|
|
| |
|
|
- 1132 Third Dynasty, Tchou, of China began. first sovereign was Ven Vang
- 1100 A Chinese dictionary containing 40,000 characters was completed by Pa-out-she. |
| - 1045 - 256 Eastern Zhou Dynasty in China. Western went until 771. |
|
1400's |
1300's |
1200's |
1100's |
|
|
1600 - 1200 Rule of Myceneans 1600 - 1200 |
|
|
|
|
Destruction of palace of Cnossus 1600 - 1400 |
|
|
|
|
Ionian Immigration to Asia Minor 1100 - 1000 |
|
Bronze Age of Greece 3000 - 1100 Late Minoan 1600 - 1100 |
|
|
|
| - 1600 - 1200 Rule of Myceneans, based in city of Mycenae |
- 1495 Panathenaean games began.
- 1493 Roman alphabet was developed. Cadmus was said to have brought fifteen Phoenician letters into Greece.
- 1490 City of Sparta was founded.
- 1459 Helen came to power in Greece.
- 1400 Myceneans conquer Knossos & begin to replace more peaceful Minoan civilization with their own military-centered culture.
- The rise of Mycenean naval strength.
|
- 1373 Troas founded city of Troy.
| - 1600 - 1400 Destruction of palace of Cnossus |
- 1425 Linear B in Crete-Minoan maritime hegemony
- Greeks at Cnossus
- 1375 Construction of domed tombs
- 1326 Isthmian Games by Sisyphus was established.
- 1300 Apogee of palaces at Mycenae, Tiryns, Pylos & Athens
|
- 1293 Siculi, from Italy, settled Sicily.
- 1266 Tyndareus, father of Helen, became ruler of Sparta.
- 1263 Temple of Apollo at Delphi built.
| - 1263 Argonautic Expedition, under Jason |
- 1250 Linear B in Greece-Destruction of Troy
- Myceneans may have warred with Troy & triumphed (as retold in Homeric epics).
- 1244 Palamedes invented dice.
- 1240 Hercules became ruler in Mycenae.
- 1239 Troy was captured by Argonauts.
- 1234 Theseus, King in Attica, gathered his people into one city, which he named Athens.
- 1228 King Theseus of Attica carried off Helen,
- 1220 Priam, father of Paris, became ruler of Troy.
- 1200 Oracle at Delphi founded
- Beginning of first iron age. Latini migrate to Italy from Danube region.
- Trojan War, civil war, & fall of Mycenean.
- Catastrophe HR III C |
- Greek Temple at Cyprus
- 1194 Paris, son of Priam, visited Greece & carried away Helen wife of Menelaus, King of Sparta. Menelaus assembled princes of Greece with their forces, under command of Agamemnon, brother of Menaiaus,
Trojan war 1194 - 1184
- Helen of Troy 2003
- Helen of Troy 1956
- Trojan Horse 1962
- Trojan Women 1972
- Troy 2004
- Odyssey 1977
- Odyssey 1997 TV miniseries
- Ulysses 1954 |
- 1150 Dorian Immigration into Greece mainland.
- 1150 - 1100 Aeolian Immigrations begin to Asia Minor.
- 1150 - 1050 Greeks at Cyprus Sub-mycenaen
- 1125 Second wave of "Greeks" in Poloponnese
- 1100 Dawn of recorded history
- 1115 biarchy of Sparta began at death of Aristodemus
- 1100 End of Mycenean age & civilization. Early city states are ruled through monarchy.
- Myceneans conquered by Dorian invaders
- biarchy of Sparta began at death of Aristodemus, in 1100 B.C. His twin sons succeeded him.
| - 1100 - 800 "Dark Ages," characterized by decline in architecture, writing, & other forms of material culture in Greece. |
|
| - 1100 - 1000 Ionian Immigration to Asia Minor. |
- 1000 Founding of Sparta
- Latins settle in Latium region.
- Etruscan tribes move into Italy.
|
1400's |
1300's |
1200's |
1100's |
|
|
Book of First Chronicles from Creation to deat of King David 4004 - 1015 |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1st Book of Samuel
1171 - 1056 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Numbers |
|
|
|
|
| - 1636 - 1491 Book of Exodus145 years long |
Moses 1571 - 1451
- Ten Commandments 1956
- Moses 1996 TV
- Moses Law Giver 1975
- Prince of Egypt 1998 |
| - 1574 - 1451 Aaron lived 123 years. fathered four children & created Levitical priesthood was founded. |
- 1491 marriage of brother & sister was common until prohibited by Law of Moses
- Moses sees burning bush
| - 1491 - 52 Book of Numbers 39 year wandering of Israelites. |
- 1451 Entrance into Canaan.
- twelve tribes of Israel reached Promised Land.
- Palestine became home of both Canaanites & Children of Israel.
- Book of Deuteronomywritten in five weeks
| - 1451 - 26 Book of Joshua 25-year history. |
| - 1426 - 1409 time of Elders 17 years from death of Joshua to first Judge. Once these Elders died nation began to abandon Theocracy. Leadership was weak & for most part people did "every man what is right in his own eyes." |
- 1417 Israelite's first servitude to Mesopotamia
| - 1409 - 1369 first judge Othnel ruled for 40 years. |
|
- 1369 Israel's second servitude by Elgon, king of Moab, lasted 18 years.
| - 1356 - 43 Israel's second judge Ehud ruled 13 years |
| - 1356 - 1276 80 years of peace |
- 1343 Shamgar 3rd Judge
| - 1338 - 1298 Deborah & Barak fourth judges lasted 40 years. |
- 1326 Institution of Isthmian Games by Sisyphus was established.
| - 1409 - 1155 Book of Judges |
|
| - 1291 - 51 Israel's fifth Judge, Gideon |
- 1256 time of Book of Ruth in progress.
- Story of Ruth 1960
- Abimelech sixth judge. one of Gideon's sons, killed his brothers & appointed himself as Judge. His term lasted 3 years.
- 1251 Tola, ruled for 23 years. Israel's seventh Judge
- 1230 Israel's eighth Judge, Jair, ruled for 22 years.
- 1228 Philistine & Ammonite oppression of Israel lasted for 18 years.
- 1206 Israel's ninth Judge, Jephthah 6 years
- 1200 Israel's tenth Judge, Ibzan
7 y |
- 1193 Israel's eleventh Judge, Elon, 10
- 1183 Israel's twelfth Judge, Abdon 8
- seventh servitude of Israel, under Philistines, lasted for 40 years.
- 1175 Israel's thirteenth Judge, Samson, ruled for 20 years.
| - 1171 - 1056 1st Book of Samuel 115-year record of history. |
- 1155 Israel's fourteenth Judge, Eli, ruled for 40 years. Book of Judges concluded its 271-year history.
- Israel's eighth servitude, under Philistines, lasted 20 years.
- 1115 Israel's fifteenth Judge, Samuel Prophet, ruled for 20 years.
- Samson & Delilah 1949 1984 TV 1996 TV
|
- 1095 Theocracy ended & Jewish Monarchy began. Saul became first King of Israel.
- 1080 David became strong as Assyria became weak. David began writing his Psalms
| - 1060 - 1020 Book of Numbers |
- 1056 Saul, son of Kish, of tribe of Benjamin, became first King of Israel. Theocracy ended & Jewish Monarchy began.
- 1055 David, son of Jesse, of tribe of Judah, became king of Israel.
| - 1055 - 17 2nd book of Samuel 38 year history |
- 1048 David defeated Jebusites & Jerusalem became capital of Israel.
David 1055 - 15
- David & Goliath 1960
- King David 1985
- David 1997
- David & Batsheba 1951
|
- 1033 Solomon David's son by Bathsheba born.
- 1023 Absolom revolted, was defeated & died.
- 1015 Solomon became King of Israel. His reign is called "The Glorious Kingdom." These were Israel's greatest years.
-
Solomon's Temple was built.
- 1000 Solomon's books, Proverbs, Ecclesiastes & Song of Solomon were written.
| - 1015 - 588 Book of Second Chronicles |
|
1400's |
1300's |
1200's |
1100's |
|
|
| |
Increasing use of iron in Western Asia 1300 - 1100 |
|
|
|
|
- 1200 Cimmerians begin to occupy South Russian Steppe. |
|
1400's |
1300's |
1200's |
1100's |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
- 1000 Proto-Germanic peoples settle in general area of modern Scandinavia & begin to develop a linguistic/cultural/religious complex separate from that of general Indo-European stock. |
1400's |
1300's |
1200's |
1100's |
|
|
Early Preclassic Maya 1800 - 900 |
Olmec 1500 - 400
|
|
1400's |
1300's |
1200's |
1100's |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
- Practicing agriculture in Congo area |
1900's |
1800's |
1700's |
1600's |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
- 1500 Trumpet |
1900's |
1800's |
1700's |
1600's |
|
|
Age of Taurus 4525 - 1875 |
|
Age of Aries 1875 - 100 |
|
5000 year long Mayan age 3114 BC - 1755 AD |
|
| |
|
|
|
- 1500 Hinduism - no specific founder |
1900's |
1800's |
1700's |
1600's |
|
|
Middle Egyptian Kingdom 2000 – 1300 |
Indus valley civilization grows along banks of Indus River in Pakistan
3200 - 1600 |
|
Aryans invade India
1600 - 1500 |
|
Early Minoan
3000 - 1900 |
|
Middle Minoan age in Crete 1900 - 1600 |
|
Late Minoan 1600 - 1100 |
|
Elamite Empire in Iran 2700 - 539 |
|
Xia Chinese Dynasty 2000 - 1500 |
|
| |
Babylonian Empire 1900 - 1600 |
|
|
|
|
|
Shang Chines Dynasty 1756 - 1027 |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
1900's |
1800's |
1700's |
1600's |
|
|
| |
Babylonian Empire 1900 - 1600 |
|
|
Elamite Empire 2700 - 539 |
|
|
|
- 1852 Assyria, a colony from Babylonia, capital Asshur, became independent under Ismi.
|
- 1813 - 1781 Shamshi-Adad I rules city of Ashur in Assyria |
- 1764 Hammurabi conquers Elam,
- 1763 founds Babylonia
- 1760 conquers Ashur ending first Assyrian empire
- Hammurabi of Babylon conquers Ashur ending first Assyrian empire
- 1758 Code of Hammurabi
- 1752 Kutur-Nahhunte of Elam conquers southern Babylonia |
- 1700 All Babylonia was permanently united. capital, "Babylon Great," for some 1700 years stood as queen city of world. Pliny says, "It was greatest city sun ever shone upon." "Its walls, 300 feet high & 75 feet wide, enclosed an area of 225 square miles. Its temples, palaces, fortresses, brazen gates, quays, artificial mountains & lakes, made it one of Seven Wonders of World." Strabo.
- 1600 Hittites, under King Mursilis I, sack Babylon |
- 1595 The Hittites captured Babylon & retreated. They left city open to Kassite domination which lasted about 300 years.
| - 1546 - 1184 Troy bronze age settlement of site of Trojan War. inhabitants probably spoke Luvian, an Indo-European language related to Hittite. Founded by Scamander |
- 1500 Assyria subject to Mitanni rule |
1900's |
1800's |
1700's |
1600's |
|
|
Middle Egyptian Kingdom 2000 – 1300 |
|
|
|
Hykso's three dynasties Middle Kingdom 1750 - 1500 |
|
|
|
|
15th Dynasty - Hyskos
1674 - 1535 |
|
|
| |
|
|
14
|
|
|
16th Dynasty
1663 - 1555 |
|
|
| |
Seventeenth Dynasty
1660 - 1550 |
|
|
|
Considered by later Egyptians to have been their greatest dynasty.
- 1991 – 62 Amenemhat I
- 1971 – 26 Senusret I
- 1929 – 1895 Amenemhat II |
|
- 1860 possible Nile-Red Sea Canal
- 1800 Alphabet, world's oldest known
- Moscow Mathematical Papyrus, generalized formula for volume of frustum
-
Egyptian belief in personal immortality
- 1897 – 78 Senusret II
- 1878 – 60 Senusret III
- 1860 – 15 Amenemhat III
- 1815 – 07 Amenemhat IV
- 1807 – 3 Sobekneferu |
|
Thirteenth Dynasty
1803 - 1649
- Sekhemre
- Khutawy
- 1803 – 1799 Wegaf
- Sekhemkare
- 1795 – 2 Amenemhat
- 1790 Sehetepre
- Iufni
- Seankhibre
- Semenkare
- Sehetepre
- Sewadjkare
- Nedjemibre
- Sobekhotep I
- 1775 Renseneb
- Hor
- Sedjefakare
- Sekhemre
- Khutawy
- 1767 Sobekhotep
- 1765 Khendjer
- Imyremeshaw
- Antef V
- 1755 Sobekhotep III
- 1751 – 40 Neferhotep I
- 1740 – 30 Sobekhotep IV
- 1730 Sobekhotep V
- Wahibre
- 1725 – 14 Ibiau
- 1714 – 1691 Merneferre
- Merhetepre Ini
- Seankhenre
- Sewadtjew
- Mersekhemre
- Ined
- Sewadjkare
- Hori
- 1654 Dudimose I
- Dudimose II
- Senebmiu
- Mentuhotep V
- Senaayeb |
- 1715 Joseph was made governor of Egypt. |
| - 1750 - 1500 "Middle Empire." beginning of Hykso's three dynasties. Set, for 19 years, Bnon for 40 years & Pacchnan for 36 years. |
- 1655 Aahmes became Pharoah of Egypt. expelling Hyksos
- 1650 Rhind Mathematical Papyrus: geometry, cotangent analogue, algebraic equations, arithmetic series, geometric series
- 1600 Edwin Smith papyrus, medical tradition traces as far back as 3000
Fourteenth Dynasty eastern Delta, based at Xois (Avaris)
1705 - 1690
- 1705 Nehesy
- Khakherewre ?
- 1704 Nebefawre
- Sehebre ?
- 1699 Merdjefare
- Sewadjkare ?
- 1694 Nebdjefare
- Webenre ?
- djefare ?
- 1690 webenre |
Fifteenth Dynasty - Hyskos 1674 - 1535
- 1674 Sheshi
- Yakubher
- Khyan 30 - 40 Years
- Apepi I 40 Years or more
- 1535 Khamudy ? |
Sixteenth Dynasty
Sinai 1663 - 1555
- Djehuty
- Sobekhotep VIII
- Neferhotep III
- Mentuhotepi
- Nebiryraw I
- Nebiryraw II
- Bebiankh |
|
- 1560 - 1087 New Kingdom in Egypt
- 1580 - 1090 Temple building in Egypt
- 1550 Ebers Medical Papyrus, traditional empiricism; world's earliest known documented tumors
- 1500 Glass-making, world's earliest known
Eighteenth Dynasty
- Ahmose I
- 1550 - 25 Ahmosis I
- 1525 - 04 Amenotep I |
Seventeenth Dynasty
- Rahotep
- 1650 Sekhemrewahkhaw
- Intef V Elder
- Antef VI
- Sekhemrewepmaat
- Antef VII
- Nubkheperre
- Intef VIII
- Sekhemreherhermaat
- Sobekemsaf II
- Sekhemrewadjkhaw
- Thuty
- Mentuhotep VI
- Nebiryerawet I
- Nebiryerawet II
- Semenmedjatre
- Seuserenre
- ShedwastIntef VII
- 1558 Tao I Elder
- 1558 -1554 Tao II Bravec.
- 1554 - 1549 Kamose |
|
1900's |
1800's |
1700's |
1600's |
|
|
Indus valley civilization grows along banks of Indus River in Pakistan
3200 - 1600 |
|
Aryans invade
1600 - 1500 |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
- 1600 Krishna
- Harappa & Mohenjo-Dara. collapsed from natural disaster altering course of River.
- 1550 Writing disappears from India for a time with destruction of cities |
1900's |
1800's |
1700's |
1600's |
|
|
|
|
| |
- 1852 Whang-ti became Emperor of China discovered use of magnet |
|
|
|
1900's |
1800's |
1700's |
1600's |
|
|
Bronze Age of Greece 3,000 - 1100 |
|
Mycenean enter mainland Greece 2000 - 1700 |
|
Height of Minoan Civilization 1700 - 1500 |
|
Early Minoan
3000 - 1900 |
|
Middle Minoan 1900 - 1600 |
|
Late Minoan 1600 - 1100 |
|
|
|
|
The Fabulous (Oral) Age. first immigration into Greece by Inachus 1856 - 1184 |
|
Minoan civilization reaches its height on Crete, with its capital at Knossos 2000 - 1500 |
|
|
| |
|
- 1700 Earthquake catastrophe |
- 1694 Pelasgi, from Ardacia, settled Italy. Pelasgi were primitive inhabitants of Greece & Italy & probably belonged to Indo-Germanic race. From Pelasgi came Dorians, Aeolians & Ionians, all three being Heilenes or Greeks.
|
- 1588 Atlas, Astronomer came on scene.
| - 1600 - 1200 Rule of Myceneans, based in city of Mycenae |
- 1556 Cecrops from Egypt, founded Athens.
- 1546 Scamander founded kingdom of Troy.
- 1504 institution of Areopagus was founded in Greece |
1900's |
1800's |
1700's |
1600's |
|
|
Book of First Chronicles from Creation to deat of King David 4004 - 1015 |
|
Shem 2446 - 1846 |
|
|
|
Moses 1571 |
|
|
Abraham 1996 - 1821 |
|
|
|
Book of Exodus 1636 - 1491 |
|
|
| - 2347 - 1909 Arphaxad lived 438 years |
| - 2217 - 1978 Reu lived 239. |
| - 2185 - 1955 Serug lived 230 years. Shem's great-great-great-great grandchild |
- 1998 Noah died at age of 950.
- 1996 - 1821 Abraham
- Abraham 1994 |
- 1921 Abraham & Lot left Ur for Canaan.
- 1919 A famine drove Abraham & Lot into Egypt.
- 1916 Abraham & Lot separated
- 1913 Elamites invaded Sodom. Chedoralaomer took Lot & all people of Sodom captive. Abraham pursued & recaptured all. He killed four kings. Genesis 14
| - 1913 - 1776 Ishmael lived 137 years, fathered 12 sons & became father of Arab nations. |
- 1908 Hagar, Sarah's slave mistress, bore Abraham a son, Ishmael. Ishmael lived 137 years. He fathered 12 sons & became father of Arab nations.
|
- 1898 covenant of circumcision was made
| - 1876 - 1716 Isaac lived 180 years. |
- 1852 Assyria became independent from Babylonia under Ismi.
- 1846 Shem died at 600.
- 1836 Twin sons, Esau & Jacob, born to Isaac & Rebekah.
- 1821 Abraham died at age of 175.
- 1817 Eber died at 464
- 1892 Sodom & Gomorah destroyed
- Sodom & Gomorrah 1963 |
|
- 1773 Ishmael died at 137.
- 1752 Jacob had twelve sons from whom sprang "Twelve Tribes" of Israelites. Jacob married both Leah (by trickery) & Rachel. Leah bore Jacob six sons & one daughter. Her maid, Zilpah, whom she caused to be a surrogate mother for her, bore Jacob two sons. Rachel bore Jacob two sons & her maid, Bilhah, whom she caused to be a surrogate mother for her, bore Jacob two sons.
| - 1745 - 1635 Joseph lived 110 years |
| - 1735 - 1602 Kohath Levi's second son lived 133 years. Levitical priesthood came from him. Direct ancestor of Moses & Aaron. |
- 1732 Jacob was called by God to move back to Canaan. changed his name to "Israel."
- Jacob 1994 TV
- Story of Jacob & Joseph 1974 TV
- 1728 Joseph was sent captive to Egypt at age of seventeen.
- Joseph 1995
- 1715 Joseph was made governor of Egypt.
- 1706 Jacob, now called Israel, & his family went into Egypt. 75 people in all. |
- 1655 book of Job.
| - 1636 - 1491 Book of Exodus145 years long |
|
- 1580 Miraim became a prophetess & leader in Israelite exodus.
| - 1574 - 1451 Aaron lived 123 years. fathered four children & created Levitical priesthood was founded. |
| - 1536 - 1426 Joshua son of Nun, of tribe of Ephraim, was born. Leader of Israel after Moses' death |
- 1530 Exodus, Moses escaped Egypt & settled in Midian.
Moses 1571 - 1451
- Ten Commandments 1956
- Moses 1996 TV
- Moses Law Giver 1975
- Prince of Egypt 1998 |
- 1500 Book of Leviticus written in one month
|
1900's |
1800's |
1700's |
1600's |
|
|
| |
1900's |
1800's |
1700's |
1600's |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
- 1500 Bronze Age begins in Scandinavia. |
1900's |
1800's |
1700's |
1600's |
|
|
|
1900's |
1800's |
1700's |
1600's |
|
|
| |
2400's |
2300's |
2200's |
2100's |
|
|
| |
- 4000's - 2000's Snowshoe
- 2300 Abacus |
- 2200 Beer invented in Egypt
- Terra-cotta pottery in Egypt
- Solar Calendar in Egypt |
|
- 2000 Pasta
- Locks
- Kayak |
2400' |
2300's |
2200's |
2100's |
|
|
Age of Taurus 4525 - 1875 |
5000 year long Mayan age 3114 BC - 1755 AD |
|
| |
|
|
|
- 2085 BC. Judaism-Abraham |
2400's |
2300's |
2200's |
2100's |
|
|
Old Egyptian 3200 - 2000 |
|
Indus Valley Civilization 3200 - 1600 |
|
Summer 3200 - 2360 |
|
|
Akkadian Empire 2350 - 2150 |
|
|
Ur III Empire 2100 - 2000 |
|
Early Minoan
3000 - 1900 |
Elamite Empire 2700 - 539 |
|
|
2400's |
2300's |
2200's |
2100's |
|
|
Summer 3200 - 2360 |
|
|
Elamite Empire 2700 - 539 |
|
|
Akkadian Empire 2350 - 2150 |
|
|
Ur III Empire 2100 - 2000 |
|
|
Cultural exchange between Indus Valley civilization & Mesopotamia (present day Iraq) is especially prominent. 2300 - 2000 |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
- 2000 Hittites lived around what is now Cappadocia, Turkey. They mixed with already-settled Hatti & were followed by Lydians, Phrygians, Byzantines, Romans & Greeks. |
2400's |
2300's |
2200's |
2100's |
|
|
Old Egyptian 3000 – 2000 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
11th Upper Egypt 2134 - 1991 |
|
|
Fifth Dynasty
2498 - 2345
- 2498 - 91 Userkaf
- 2487 - 77 Sahure
- Neferirkare
- 2477 - 67 Kakai
- Shepseskare
- 2467 - 60 Isi
- 2460 - 53 Neferefre
- 2453 - 22 Nyuserre Ini
- Menkauhor
- 2422 - 14 Kaiu
- 2414 - 2375 Djedkare Isesi |
- 2400 Astronomical Calendar, used even in Middle Ages for its mathematical regularity
|
Sixth Dynasty
2345 - 2181
- 2345 - 33 Teti
- 2333 - 32 Userkare
- 2332 - 83 Pepi I Meryre
- 2283 - 78 Merenre Nemtyemsaf I
- 2278 Pepi II
- 2278 - 2184 Neferkare
- 2184 Merenre
- 2184 Nemtyemsaf II
- 2184 - 81 Nitiqret |
|
- 2200 Beer invented
- 2000 Solar Calendar in Egypt
- Terra-cotta pottery in Egypt
|
Intermediary period
Ninth Dynasty
2160 - 2130
- 2160 – ? Meryibre Khety
- Meribre Khety II
- Neferkare III
- Nebkaure (Acthoes II)
- Setut
- Wakhare
- Khety I
- Merykare
- Wankhare
- Khety II
- Menethoupe I
- Wankhare
- Khety III
- Khety II
- Khety II's daughter
- 2130 Merikare's daughter |
Seventh & Eighth Dynasties 2181 - 2160
- Neferkara I
- Neferkara
- Nebi
- Djedkara
- Shemai
- Neferkara
- Khendu
- Neferkamin
- Seneferka
- Nikara
- Neferkara
- Tereru
- Neferkahor
- Neferkara
- Pepyseneb
- Neferkamin
- Anu
- Qakare
- Ibi
- Neferkara II
- Neferkawhor
- Khuwihap
- Neferirkara |
|
Tenth Dynasty Lower Egypt 2130 - 2040
- 2130 Meryhathor
- Neferkare IV
- Wankare
- Merykare - 2040 |
Eleventh Dynasty
Upper Egypt
2134 - 1991
- 2134 - 17 Intef I
- 2117 - 2069 Intef II
- 2069 - 60 Intef III
- 2060 - 10 Mentuhotep I - Sankhkare
- 2010 - 1998 Mentuhotep II - Nebtawyre
- 1997 - 91 Mentuhotep III |
|
2400's |
2300's |
2200's |
2100's |
|
|
Indus Valley civilization grows along banks of Indus River in Pakistan. 2500 - 1800
sites are Harappa & Mohenjo-Dara. 3200 - 1600. |
|
2400's |
2300's |
2200's |
2100's |
|
|
|
| |
- 2240 Fohi (or Yao) founded China. he invented a symbolic mode of writing. He also invented music, dressmaking & custom of sacrificing at solstices. |
|
|
2400's |
2300's |
2200's |
2100's |
|
|
Early Minoan
3000 - 1900 |
|
Bronze Age of Greece 3000 - 1100 |
|
Ancient palaces at Crete 2500 -1900 |
|
|
|
|
- 2200 Mycenean civilization emerges |
|
2400's |
2300's |
2200's |
2100's |
|
|
Book of First Chronicles from Creation to death of King David 4004 - 1015 |
|
|
|
Shem 2446 - 1846 |
|
| |
Eber 2281 - 1817 lived 464 years |
|
Methuselah
3400 - 2431 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| - 2468 Noah was called to build ark & warn of coming flood. Noah began 120 years of prophesying about coming flood. God asked him to conduct this warning for humanity. |
- 2450 Mizraim or Egypt began to be established.
|
| - 2446 - 1846 Shem elder son carried on Seth's godly line. Lived 600 years & fathered five sons. |
- 2369 Genesis came to an end. Exodus, began.
- 2353 Lamech died five years before flood at age of 777.
- 2348 Methuselah died shortly before flood at age of 969.
- Ark completed. 120 years of warning came to an end. flood deluged earth.
| - 2348 - 2347 Flood Noah & his three sons, Shem, Japheth & Ham began to repopulate earth after living on ark for a year & ten days. |
- Shem had four of his five sons: Arphaxad, who lived 438 years & carried on Seth's godly family line, then Elam, then Asshur "Builder of Nineveh" & finally Lud. Gen. 10:11
- Japheth had three of his seven sons: Comer, Magog & Madai.
-
Ham had four sons: Cush, Mizraim, Phut & Canaan.
-
Shem's first grandchild, Salah, son of Arphaxad was born. Salah lived 433 years, & carried on Seth's godly posterity. He fathered a number of sons & daughters.
| - 2347 - 1909 Arphaxad lived 438 years |
|
- 2300 beginning of Babylon
- Ham's first grandchild, Nimrod (also known as Izdhubar), son of Cush was born. Nimrod founded Babylon (or Chaldea, capital was Ur). Tower of Babel was started. ("The Tower of Babel" probable "Temple of Jupiter Belus" in Babylon was seen & described by Herodotus in 440 B.C. It was a quarter of a mile square at base & in eight stories rose 650 feet high.) Gen.10:10
| - 2247 Tower of Babel in Babylon built by Nimrod. Confusion of tongues when it was destroyed. |
| - 2247 - 2008 Peleg lived 239. |
|
| - 2281 - 1817 Eber lived 464 years |
| - 2217 - 1978 Reu lived 239. |
| - 2185 - 1955 Serug lived 230 years. Shem's great-great-great-great grandchild |
| - 2200 - 2052 Nahor lived 148. Shem's great-great-great-great-great grandchild. Had three sons. |
|
| - 2126 - 1921 Terah lived 205 years |
- 2007 Nahor, son of Serug died at 148. |
2400's |
2300's |
2200's |
2100's |
|
|
| |
2400's |
2300's |
2200's |
2100's |
|
|
| |
2400's |
2300's |
2200's |
2100's |
|
|
Pre-Olmec cultures 2500 - 1600 |
|
| |
|
|
|
- 2000 rise of Olmec civilization, from which many aspects of Maya culture are derived. Village farming becomes established throughout Maya regions. |
2400's |
2300's |
2200's |
2100's |
|
|
Rice culture from 2300 BC. Stone axes, megaliths, cist graves, terraced burial mounds. |
|
2900's |
2800's |
2700's |
2600's |
|
|
| - 2900 possible steel |
|
|
- 2636 Chinese calendar begins |
- 2500 Beekeeping in Egypt |
2900's |
2800's |
2700's |
2600's |
|
|
5000 year long Mayan age 3114 BC - 1755 AD |
Age of Taurus 3750-1800 |
|
2900's |
2800's |
2700's |
2600's |
|
|
Old Egyptian 3200 – 2000 |
Indus Valley Civilization 3200 - 1600 |
Summer 3200 - 2360 |
Early Minoan
3000 - 1900 |
| |
Elamite Empire 2700 - 539 |
|
|
2900's |
2800's |
2700's |
2600's |
|
|
Summer 3200 - 2360 |
| |
Elamite Empire 2700 - 539 |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
- 2500 Cities of Ashur, Nineveh, & Arbel flourishing |
2900's |
2800's |
2700's |
2600's |
|
|
Old Upper Egypt 3200 – 2000 |
|
- Menes (Narmer, Hor-Aha, Serket II)
- 3050 Hor-Aha Arguably unifier of Upper & Lower Egypt
- Djer 41 years
- Merneith Regent for Den 23 years
- Den 14 to 20 years
- Anedjib 10 years
- Semerkhet 9 years
- 2916 - 2890 Qa'a |
- 2900 possible steel
|
- 2890 Hotepsekhemwy
- Raneb 39 years
- Nynetjer 40 years
- Wneg 8 years
- Senedj 20 years
- Seth-Peribsen 17 years
- 2686 Sekhemib-Perenmaat Khasekhemwy 17 to 18 years |
|
- 2700 Surgery, world's earliest known precision
- Uniliteral signs, forming basis of world's earliest known alphabet
|
- 2686 - 68 Sanakhte
- 2668 - 49 Djoser
Commissioned Step Pyramid designed by Imhotep
- 2649 - 43 Sekhemkhet
- 2643 - 37 Khaba
- 2637 - 13 Huni |
- 2650 Construction of first pyramid in Egypt, first monumental columnar forms
- 2600 Sphinx, still today world's largest single-stone statue 2600s
- Barge transportation, stone blocks
-
Pyramid of Djoser, world's earliest known large-scale stone building
-
Menkaure's Pyramid & Red Pyramid, world's earliest known works of carved granite
- Red Pyramid, world's earliest known "true" smooth-sided pyramid; solid granite work |
- 2613 - 2589 Sneferu Bent Pyramid
- 2589 - 66 Khufugreat pyramid
- 2566 - 58 Djedefra (Radjedef)
- 2558 - 32 Khafra
- 2532 - 03 Menkaura
- 2503 - 2498 Shepseskaf |
- 2580 Great Pyramid of Giza, world's tallest structure until AD 1300
- Land of Pharaohs (1955)
- 2500 Shipping expeditions: King Sneferu & Pharaoh Sahure.
- Beekeeping
- Basic forms for furniture, wind instruments in Egypt |
2900's |
2800's |
2700's |
2600's |
|
|
Indus Valley civilization grows along banks of Indus River in Pakistan. sites are Harappa & Mohenjo-Dara. 3200 - 1600 |
|
2900's |
2800's |
2700's |
2600's |
|
|
| |
|
|
- 2636 Chinese calendar begins |
|
2900's |
2800's |
2700's |
2600's |
|
|
Minoan civilization. Bronze Age of Greece. 3000 - 1100 |
Early Minoan
3000 - 1900 |
|
2900's |
2800's |
2700's |
2600's |
|
|
Book of First Chronicles from Creation to deat of King David 4004 - 1015 |
Enos 3800 - 2695 lived 905 years |
|
|
Cainan 3679 - 2769 lived 910 years |
|
|
|
Mahalaleel 3609 - 2714 lived 895 years |
|
|
Jared 3544 - 2582 lived 962 years |
|
|
Methuselah 3400 - 2431 lived 569 years
|
Lamech 3204 - 2427 lived 777 years |
| |
Noah 2962 - 2057 lived 905 years |
|
|
|
- 2962 Seth died at age of 912.
| - 2962 - 2057 Noah Seth's great-great-great-great-great-great grandson. Son of Lamech. Lived 905 years & fathered three sons. |
|
- 2864 Enos died at 905
-
With intermarriage now common, Cainites held pervasive influence over godly descendants of Seth. High moral, social & religious principles were fast becoming extinct. |
- 2700 Wickedness continued to increase. great ages of people allowed for an unparalleled pool of united experience, appetite & imagination applied to any given pursuit. |
|
- 2582 Jared died at age of 962.
-
Society essentially became corrupt. Only a few godly people remained.
- 2500 Noah's sons were born. |
2900's |
2800's |
2700's |
2600's |
|
|
| |
2900's |
2800's |
2700's |
2600's |
|
|
| |
2900's |
2800's |
2700's |
2600's |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
- 2600 Maya civilization begins. |
2900's |
2800's |
2700's |
2600's |
|
|
| |
