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110 question TOEFL Test

1. Because of the enormous pull gravitational of the Moon, the shape of the Earth actually changes as the largest oceans are "pulled" toward the Moon.

Because of
pull gravitational
as
toward

2. Only with the advent of refrigerator were most Americans able to begin to consume fresh meat.

refrigerator
were
to begin
meat

3. Although ______ a successful film, none of her other works have to date been adapted to the film format.

The Joy Luck Club is best known novel by Amy Tan was made into
The Joy Luck Club was made into a film by Amy Tan’s best known
Amy Tan’s best known novel, The Joy Luck Club, was made into
Amy Tan’s best known novel, The Joy Luck Club, made

4. The gross domestic product of a country is a figure expressed in monetary terms that represents the entire economy value of the goods and services produced in that country.

a figure
expressed
economy
goods

5. In addition to the more traditional simple oven many ______ either by circulating heated air around the food or by heating the moisture contained in the food with microwaves, and a few do both.

functioning modern ovens
modern ovens that function
modern ovens function
the function of modern ovens

6. One of the first state of the United States, Rhode Island is the smallest of all the states and is located north of the largest city in the United States, New York City.

state
the smallest
is located
north

7. Critical to understand the phenomenon of human intelligence is the notion that not all human thought patterns are either predictable or rational.

understand
not all
are
or

8. The advent of the personal computer and easy access to information via the Internet has allowed many more entrepreneurs ______ than ever before.

to open home-based businesses
who open home-based businesses
opening businesses home-based
base at home their business

9. Deciduous trees are those who have leaves that fall off once a year, typically before the advent of winter.

who
once a year
typically
winter

10. ______ "orca" means whale, the orca is actually a member of the dolphin family, the delphinids.

That
Why
While
It is

11. Located in the upper part of the hind shanks of the greyhound [are] the overdeveloped and powerful thigh muscles [enabling] it to make short, [yet] powerful sprints [in race].

are
enabling
yet
in race

12. ______ second in size to Jupiter, Saturn has a mass much smaller than that of Jupiter.

When
While
Despite
Nevertheless

13. [Given] the difficulty [of mastering] the subtleties of the violin, there is [not] difficulty understanding why there are few children proficient [in] playing it.

Given
of mastering
not
in

14. What is known as the Homestead Act of 1862 granted those who ventured westward ______ .

to receive needed and desired land
the land they both needed and desired
needing and desiring land
where they most needed and desired land

15. Almost ninety per cent of [American] high school [students] claim they know [how to read], yet this figure is probably [somewhat lower].

American
students
how to read
somewhat lower

16. From the simplest single-cell organism floating in prehistoric oceans ______ all forms of life now inhabiting the earth.

evolved
had evolved
evolve
evolving

17. Zirconium is [a] [metallic element] with a high [melting] point that is widely [used] alloys.

a
metallic element
melting
used

18. ______ is the earthquake that is most widely remembered, it was actually the fire that ensued that caused the most damage in San Francisco in 1906.

It
Being that
Although
Whereas it

19. After the Gold Rush in California in 1849 came [dramatically] higher number of [immigrants] than [had been] [seen in] the previous year.

dramatically
immigrants
had been
seen in

20. [Architect and founder] of the University of Virginia, Thomas Jefferson [built] his house Monticello [overlooking] the campus [in] Charlottesville, Virginia.

Architect and founder
built
overlooking
in

21. [Born] Marguerite Johnson in 1928, [author and poet] Maya Angelou has received [awards numerous] for her [works], including Grammy Awards in 1994 and 1996.
Born
author and poet
awards numerous
works

22. Modern psychological theory allows [for] the concept of [free will], a [recent relatively] development [in] this field.
for
free will
recent relatively
in

23. One of ______ smallest particles thought to exist, the quark is believed to exist in pairs, together forming a hadron.
what was the
what the
those of the
the

24. The first [years] of one's education are thought [to provide] the [basic] of one's ability [to learn] in later years.
years
to provide
basic
to learn

25. Most wood will float in water, but if it is ______ , it will sink.
dense enough
so dense that
enough dense
density

26. Nationwide elections are [held] in the United States every four years, [primarily] [choosing] public officials for the [offices] of president and vice-president.
held
primarily
choosing
offices

27. ______ are contained in DNA, the complex chemical mixture that determines the hereditary characteristics of an organism.
The genes
The genes that
Although the genes
There are genes

28. Although some species are among [the smallest] of all mammals, the shrew is known [as preying] [on] other animals [twice] its size.
the smallest
as preying
on
twice

29. Born in 1924, Shirley Chisholm became ______ elected to the Congress of the United States.
the first African-American woman who
the first African-American woman to be
first African-American woman who was
the first African-American woman to

30. The three-toed sloth [moves] so slowly [that] its movements from one place [to] another are [imperceptible practically].
moves
that
to
imperceptible practically

31. A lunar eclipse is a phenomenon occurring when the Earth blocks Sun's light from the Moon.

A
occurring when
Sun's
from the

32. ______ are most mammals able to receive the most information about what is happening in their immediate environment.

Because they use sight
By means of sight
With the sights
Using sight

33. The Consumer Price Index in the United States ______ the inflation rate.

as the primary indicates
is the indication primarily
primarily indicates of
is a primary indicator of

34. Some of the most influential works in twentieth-century American classical music were composed in the period between the first and the fifth decade.

works
were
and
decade

35. Although the grammar of the English language is chiefly derived ______ Germanic languages, some 80% of its vocabulary comes from Latin.

for
from
with
of

36. On the land or in the sea, carrion creatures have adapted to feed by any type of food that is available in their habitat.

On
have adapted
by
is available

37. The brightest point seen in the night sky is typically not a star but Venus, it is the second planet from the Sun.

seen in
typically
it is
the Sun

38. Information technology is quickly becoming the most important economic export ______.

in certain geographical areas
for area that are geographic
in certain areas geographical
of certain geographical area

39. Although originated in tropical Africa, watermelon is now cultivated all over the world.

Although
originated
is now
all over

40. In 1995, Newt Gingrich was sworn ______ Speaker of the House, the first Republican Speaker in more than 40 years.

in as
to be
to
in

41. The bonds holding protons neutrons and electrons together in orbit around an atom nucleus are among the strongest known to scientists.

together
in orbit
atom
are

42. Sufficient gravitational force is ______ atmosphere; otherwise the atmosphere will drift off into space.

necessary for retaining planet
retaining necessary planet
retained by necessary planet
necessary to retain a planet's

43. While oxygen is readily available in isolated form, ______ .

hydrogen does not
no hydrogen
not any hydrogen
hydrogen is not

44. The varying orbit of Pluto means that ambient temperatures also vary greatly.

varying
of
ambient
vary

45. Along northernmost edge of the United States runs the US/Canada border.

northernmost
of
runs
border

46. In most states a sales tax ranging from two per cent to ten per cent ______ on most purchases of luxury items.

is levied
are levied
to levy
levying

47. An iron smelting forge ______ ore into usable metals.

melts
is melting
melting
should melting

48. Only after losing its skin does snake begin to grow another.

losing
snake
to grow
another

49. Lost among the devastation of the tornado was the remains of the houses and buildings.

Lost among
devastation
was
buildings

50. The one in charge of a meeting ______ toward the end of the meeting.

table general important topics
tables generally the important topics
generally the topic of the table
generally tables important topics

51. Ellis Island ______ in 1892.
opening
opens
opened
was opening

52. Bill Clinton received his [former] education [at] Georgetown and Yale Universities, from the latter [of which] he received a degree [in law].
former
at
of which
in law

53. [Businesses] are responsible [to] the Internal Revenue Service [to keep] accurate [financial] records.
Businesses
to
to keep
financial

54. John Hancock's signature on the Declaration of Independence is known for ______.
large size
its large size
being large size
to be large size

55. [The] human body is composed [largely of] water and needs a [steady] supply of water to remain [healthily].
The
largely of
steady
healthily

56. Martha Graham was [an] excellent dancer; her body was strong and [flexible], [her movements] graceful and [power].
an
flexible
her movements
power

57. The 1984 Democratic Convention ______ in San Francisco.
was held
holds
held
is holding

58. Montana is the [four] largest state in the United States, but [it is] one of [the] most [sparsely] populated.
four
it is
the
sparsely

59. The Procrastinators Club of America, founded in 1956, has ______ some 10,000.
members
a membership of
members of
the membership

60. Mosquitoes are [easily] [found] wherever there is [standing] water and [temperate] climate.
easily
found
standing
temperate

61. Engraving is a process [which] the surface of metal is [first covered] with [an acid] and then inscribed with some sharp [instrument].
which
first covered
an acid
instrument

62. For many [years ago], [much of] what was possible to know was derived [from] inspiration or divination and did not involve the rational process of reasoning in [wide use] today.
years ago
much of
from
wide use

63. Ayn Rand, ______ novels deal with the nature of capitalism in a democracy, is often taught in introductory courses in economics.
of many whose
whose many of
whose of many
many of whose

64. The formation of a rainbow [occurs] a process in which light is diffused at [varying] rates by the surrounding atmosphere, [resulting in] the reflection of different [wavelengths] of light.
occurs
varying
resulting in
wavelengths

65. [Though] difficult, it [possible] for an adult learner of a new language [to master] the subtleties of the grammar and syntax of [the new] language.
Though
possible
to master
the new

66. When a bird molts, ______ loses its feathers, it is actually preparing itself for the regeneration of the lost feathers.
so its
as if
as when it
so that

67. The scientific method is a system [which] a problem or challenge [is] identified and possible solutions are created and tested, [with] the final results evaluated to determine the best approach to the [resulting] theory.
which
is
with
resulting

68. The Smithsonian Institution in Washington D.C. is [home to] the largest [collecting] of Native American artifacts in the United States, most [of which] remain [uncatalogued] and hidden from public view.
home to
collecting
of which
uncatalogued

69. Many modern critics of American literature have called Mark Twain, born Samuel Clemens, ______ .
as America's greatest writer
was America's greatest writer
America's greatest writer
to have been America's greatest writer

70. In the modern [era], face-to-face communication is becoming [near] [as uncommon as] [hand-written] letters.
era
near
as uncommon as
hand-written

71. When iron is exposed to water, oxidizes, a process commonly known as rusting.

exposed
to
oxidizes
known as

72. Somewhat analogous to the Chinese system of writing in difficulty for non-native speakers to learn and loosely based on the Chinese system of writing the Japanese system of writing known as Kanji.

to
difficulty
loosely based
the

73. ______ big cats, housecats have polyphasic sleeping patterns; that is, they take several naps a day.

They are like
Like
It is the
The

74. It was as a direct result of the widespread implementation electricity that the U.S. had a source of light other than gas lights.

It was as
result of
implementation
a source of

75. ______ many communications companies are now able to offer radio and television broadcasts over the Internet.

Advanced technology has enabled
Introducing advanced technology and
Because the introduction of advanced technology
With the introduction of advanced technology

76. While it is actually a planet, Venus is often mistaken a star in the night sky.

While it
a planet
mistaken
the night

77. ______ its area of defense, a fort should be built on an elevation and with some sort of natural feature of the landscape to obstruct direct access to the fort.

To better protect
Protecting better
For the better of
It is better for

78. In 2000 William Jefferson Clinton entered his last year office as President of the United States.

In 2000
entered
office
as President

79. It was ______ the Industrial Revolution that the United States was able to increase productivity through mechanization.

when
at the time
during
because

80. ______ Einstein was able to come up with a theory that has yet to be disproved.

Other scientists
Similar to other scientists
Just as other scientists
To be a scientist

81. Engraving is a process which the surface of metal is first covered with an acid and then inscribed with some sharp instrument.

82. For many years ago much of what was possible to know was derived from inspiration or divination and did not involve the rational process of reasoning in wide use today.

83. Ayn Rand, ______ novels deal with the nature of capitalism in a democracy, is often taught in introductory courses in economics.

O of many whose
O whose many of
O whose of many
O many of whose

84. The formation of a rainbow occurs a process in which light is diffused at varying rates by the surrounding atmosphere resulting in the reflection of different wavelengths of light.

85. Though difficult, it possible for an adult learner of a new language to master the subtleties of the grammar and syntax of the new language.

86. When a bird molts, ______ loses its feathers, it is actually preparing itself for the regeneration of the lost feathers.

O so its
O as if
O as when it
O so that

87. The scientific method is a system which a problem or challenge is identified and possible solutions are created and tested, with the final results evaluated to determine the best approach to the resulting theory.

88. The Smithsonian Institution in Washington D.C. is home to the largest collect of Native American artifacts in the United States most of which remain uncatalogued and hidden from public view.

89. Many modern critics of American literature have called Mark Twain, born Samuel Clemens, ______ .

O as America's greatest writer
O was America's greatest writer
O America's greatest writer
O to have been America's greatest writer

90. In the modern era, face-to-face communication is becoming near as uncommon as hand-written letters.

91. It is the lack of gravity on the moon that makes ______ leaps of 30 feet or more.
possible
it possible
to be possible
it to be possible

92. Money [donated] by [philanthropist] H. R. Brandenberg
[was earmark] for AIDS research in [developing countries].
donated
philanthropist
was earmark
developing countries

93. In ancient [times] banking transactions often [were taken]
place in [common areas], for example, a [town square].
times
were taken
common areas
town square

94. From the beginning of the twentieth century to the present, technology ______ people are beginning to imagine there are no limits to what we can achieve.
progressed to the point that
has to progress to a point
has progressed to the point that
progressed a point that

95. It is believed that the modern bird ______ the pterodactyls that existed millions of years ago.

was evolved from
evolved from
evolved
was evolving from

96. A trap ______ disguise is what has come to be called a Trojan Horse, from the ancient story of the gift of the wooden horse from the Greeks.

offered a gift of
offers a gift in
offering a gift to
offered as a gift in

97. The log cabin, [among others], was a commonplace
[dwelling] for the early settlers in North because of the ease
[which] it was able to be constructed and the [relatively ready] availability of its building material, wood.
among others
dwelling
which
relatively ready

98. The Great Fire of 1906 in San Francisco [was happened] [primarily] as [a result of] the great earthquake preceding [it].
was happened
primarily
a result of
it

99. The development of the light bulb ______ partly as a result of the widespread availability of electricity and the need for cheap, clean light.

occurring
was occurring
was occurred
occurred

100. Telecommuting is a new form of work ______ to work, such as fathers with children, the chance to work while remaining at home.
affording those previously unable
affords those who were previously unable
that affording those unable previously
afforded those previously unable

101. Popular belief in the United States is that an early life of hardship and poverty made Abraham Lincoln to be the great leader he was.

an early
made
to be
he was

102. According to the scientific method, a scientist must consider ______ outcome.

any outcome and to be a possible
any outcome and the possible
any outcome a possibility
any outcome a possible

103. After her death in 1986 many documentaries ______ Georgia O'Keeffe were produced.

related the life and work of
to relate life and work
life and working to relate
relating the life and work of

104. ______ the passage of light, many new plastics are processed using technologies rivaling those used in the manufacture of computer chips.

To better permit
Permitting better
For the better of
It is better for

105. The architecture exhibited in the Empire State Building and conveyed us an idea of the prevailing attitudes of the day is important for the historical and cultural value it represents.

conveyed
prevailing
is
it represents

106. In 2001 George W. Bush, Jr., entered his first year office as President of the United States.

In 2001
entered
office
as President

107. Similar in climate and geography many northeastern cities is Portland, the largest city in Oregon.

in
many
is
largest

108. Uranium, ______ , is an exceedingly rare and potentially dangerous element.

to found in trace quantities
found in trace quantities
finding in trace quantities
to be found in trace quantities

109. The Flower Market in San Francisco is ______, and was established in the 1930's.

home to the country's second largest flower market
home of the second largest flower market in the country
the second flower market in the country's home of
the home to the second country's large flower market

110. Because of extensive research in the field of genetic engineers, scientists can now create plants that farmers can grow in harsh climates.

research
engineers
farmers
harsh