Past Perfect Passive expresses an action that happened to the subject at a time before the time in the past that is being mentioned. It follows the same rules as Past Perfect and Passive tenses.

         Example: James had a lot of trust in his parachute because it had been made by a respected manufacturer.

         * Past Perfect Passive and Past Passive can overlap in meaning, so it is often up to the discrimination of the speaker to decide which one to use. The example above could be used with past passive, but it is grammatically correct to use it as Past Perfect Passive. You know when to use a sentence as Past Passive when the action happens at a specific time in the past.

         Past Passive: James was hungry because he wasn't fed much.

         Past Perfect Passive: James was hungry after dinner because he hadn't been fed much.

1) Kyle was acting confidently when he was talking to Paola because he  ________________ (promote) the day before.

2) The store owners didn't hire Kyle because they knew he  ____________________ (arrest) three times before for shop lifting.

3) James didn't know why his dog Bowser was trying to mount the poodle because Bowser ___________________ (castrate) that morning.

4) Kyle was on the edge of tears when they told him his favorite team ___________________ (beat) in the finals of the championship.

5) The Japanese must have been frightened when they heard that Hiroshima and Nagasaki _________________ (attack) by a nuclear bomb.

6) Paola was sad to hear that Kyle was going to war, because everyone she knew who ________________ (send)   ___________________ (kill).