Irregular Nouns

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Irregular Nouns

Most Nouns are regular, Just add an s:
boy	boys
horse	horses
If the word ends in a -Y and is preceded by a consonant, change the Y to an I and add an -ES
spy	spies
poppy	poppies
penny	pennies
If the word ends in a vowel, just add an -s
osprey	ospreys
bay	bays
Some nouns that end in -f or -fe are changed to -ves in the plural
calf	calves
elf	elves
half	halves
hoof	hooves
knife	knives
leaf	leaves
life	lives
loaf	loaves
scarf	scarves
self	selves
sheaf	sheaves
shelf	shelves
thief	thievs
wife	wives
Some nouns change the vowel sound in becoming plural
man	men
woman	women
foot	feet
goose	geese
louse	lice
mouse	mice
tooth	teeth
Some Old English plurals are still in use
child	children
ox	oxen
Some nouns ending in -o take -s as the plural, while others take -es
Regular Nouns
auto	autos
kangaroo	kangaroos
kilo	kilos
Irregular Nouns that end in -O that add an -ES
echo	echoes
embargo	embargoes
hero	heroes
potato	potatoes
tomato	tomatoes
torpedo	torpedoes
veto	vetoes
Some Nouns can go either way
buffalo	buffalos/buffaloes
cargo	cargos/cargoes
halo	halos/haloes
mosquito	mosquitos/mosquitoes
motto	mottos/mottoes
no	nos/noes
tornado	tornados/tornadoes
volcano	volcanos/volcanoes
zero	zeros/zeroes
Some nouns do not change at all
cod	cod
deer	deer
fish	fish
offspring	offspring
perch	perch
sheep	sheep
trout	trout
Nouns that are traditionally plural, but are also used for singular forms
barracks	barracks
crossroads	crossroads
dice/die	dice
gallows	gallows
headquarters	headquarters
means	means
series	series
species	species
Nouns that use the Latin plural form
Words ending in - A turn to - AE
alga	algae
larva	larvae
vertebra	vertebrae
Nouns ending in - US with plural - A
corpus	corpora
genus	genera
Nouns ending in - US with plural - I
alumnus	alumni
bacillus	bacilli
focus	foci
nucleus	nuclei
radius	radii
stimulus	stimuli
terminus	termini
Nouns ending in - UM with plural - A
addendum	addenda
bacterium	bacteria
datum	data
erratum	errata
medium	media
ovum	ova
stratum	strata
Nouns ending in - EX, - IX becoming plural - ICES
vortex	vortices
Nouns ending in - IS becoming - ES in plural
analysis	analyses
axis	axes
basis	bases
crisis	crises
diagnosis	diagnoses
emphasis	emphases
hypothesis	hypotheses
neurosis	neuroses
oasis	oases
parenthesis	parentheses
synopsis	synopses
thesis	theses
Nouns ending in - ON becoming - A
criterion	criteria
phenomenon	phenomena
automaton	automata
Other irregular plurals, retained from different languages
Italian
libretto	libretti
tempo	tempi
virtuoso	virtuosi
Hebrew
cherub	cherubim
seraph	seraphim
Greek
schema	schemata