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Definitions of Parts of Speech

Adverb - Word modifyng a verb, adjective, or other adverb.
Modifying a verb: You can do that easily.
Modifying an adjective: You are easily the best student I have every had.
Modifying another adverb: You are quickly going to be easily the best student I have ever had.
Comparative adverb - Used in comparason: I can do that faster.
Superlative adverb - Used as a superlative: I can do that the fastest.

Adjective - Word describing a noun or pronoun.
Describing a noun: John is big.
Describing a pronoun: He is big.
Comparative adjective - The -er form of an adjective. (bigger, greener).
Superlative adjective - The -est form of an adjective. (smallest, latest).
Demonstrative adjective - are the words that point to a noun (this book, those towns).
Compound adjective - An adjective consisting of two or more words. (big black jacket)
Possesive adjectiv e- define personal possession (my, your, his) as in his slippers are green.

Clause - Part of a sentence with it's own subject or predicate.
Adverbial clause - Quickly out the door, flew a big black bat.
Adjective clause - Born in 1958, John Johnson grew up in Miami.

Indicative mood - Describes actions in real life (she lived, we will become, I have
eaten).
Subjunctive mood - Describes wishes or desires (Let us pray, live long and prosper).
Imperative mood - The command form of the Verb (don't go, come here).

Active voice - The form where the subject and object are different (I see you, you see me).
Passive voice - Turns the action back onto the subject (I am seen, she is seen).

Noun - The person, place, or thing.

Pronoun - Word used as a substitute for a noun: It, me, her, him, them, that, those, this.
Reflexive pronoun - myself, yourself, him/her/itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves
Personal pronoun - Pronouns that refer to people. (I, you, he, she, we).
Demonstrative pronoun - Replace a specific item or group of items: this is good, that was my book, these are excellent, those are mine.
Posesive pronoun - Describe the ownership of items: mine, yours, theirs, his (the book is his).
Interrogative pronoun - Are used in asking questions: who are you?, which one?, why am I here?, what is a proton?
Relative pronoun - Have the same form as Interrogative pronouns but are not used in questions (the girl who looks like her, I did not understand what was said).

Predicate - Part of the sentence that expresses what is said of the subject.

Preposition - Word placed before a noun or adjective to indicate relationship of space. In sentences like I go to the shop and She is in the house, the to and in relate the verb to the noun. These are called prepositions because in most languages (English, Greek, Latin) they precede the noun. In Turkish and Hindi these words follow the noun and are called Postpositions. Further examples are towards, within, outside, below, with. In some languages (Latin or Greek), the meaning of a Preposition depends on the Case of the following Noun (In Romam - into Rome; In Roma - in Rome).

Sentenc e- Group of words expressing a complete thought.
Semicolon - Mark of punctuation between parts of a sentence.
Paragraph - Unit of written or printed manner, begun on a new line.
Phrase - Secuence of words used as a unit.Verb- Part of speech expressing a complete thought.

Auxiliary verbs - Verbs that are used with others to form a tense. ''Kyle will teach tomorrow''.

Present participle (gerundive) verb - Verbs with -ing.

Past participle verb - Verbs in the past participle form. Used in all conjugations.

Infinitive verbs - Verbs with to in front of them. They are used to connect verbs. I have to go shopping.

Reflexive verbs - Those where the action is redirected back to the subject: I feed myself. She feeds herself. He feeds himself. It feeds itself. We feed ourselves. You feed yourselves. They feed themselves.

Impersonal verbs - Those that only have meaning in the Third person (i.e it rains, it is possible). These usually involve weather.

Transitive verbs - Are capable of taking an object (in I see you, you is the object of the verb).

Intransitive verbs - Cannot take an object (the phrase, I go you, is meaningless because the verb to go is Intransitive).

Vowel - Letter that makes a clear sound through the middle of the mouth: a, e, i, o, u.
Consonant - Letter that makes a sound by the obstruction of breath. All letters other than the vowels.

Indirect object - The noun that receives the action. ''I tell you''.

Conjunction (connective) - Words that link phrases to form longer sentences. These are words like: and, but, so.

Cardinal numbers - Are in the form one, three, ten.
Ordinal numbers - Have the form first, third, tenth.

Interjection - Are sounds made to show emotion. Examples are ouch, a-ha, phew, wow!