Mahabharata

1 Introduction 2 64.6 53:50
1 Om! Bowing to Narayana and Nara, and goddess Saraswati, must the word Jaya be uttered. Ugrasrava, son of Lomaharshana, approached the sages in Naimisha forest. Welcomed, he began narrating the Mahabharata, composed by Krishna-Dwaipayana, and recited at King Janamejaya's Snake-sacrifice.
2 The Rishis said, "O son of Suta, tell us about Samanta-panchaka." Sauti said, "In the Treta Yuga, Rama, son of Jamadagni, annihilated the Kshatriyas and formed five lakes of blood at Samanta-panchaka. His ancestors, gratified by his valor, granted him absolution and sanctified the lakes. The region became a holy site. In the Dwapara Yuga, the armies of the Kauravas and Pandavas fought here, resulting in the deaths of eighteen Akshauhinis of soldiers, making it a renowned holy site."
 
 
 
 
2 Paushya Parva 1 24.6 20:30
3 Janamejaya's brothers beat a celestial dog, who reported to his mother Sarama. She cursed them. Alarmed, Janamejaya sought absolution. During a hunt, he found Srutasrava's son Somasrava, who became his Purohita, bringing peace. Meanwhile, Ayoda-Dhaumya's disciples, Upamanyu and Aruni, endured tests. Upamanyu invoked the Aswins to restore his sight. Aruni used his body to block a watercourse, earning blessings. Veda served his preceptor diligently, gaining knowledge. Janamejaya conducted a snake sacrifice to avenge his father, succeeding with divine help, fulfilling his duty.
 
 
 
 
3 Pauloma Parva 9 17.3 14:25
4 Saunaka asked Sauti for the history of the Bhrigu race. Sauti recounted how Bhrigu's wife, Puloma, was seized by the Rakshasa Puloma. Agni, the god of fire, confirmed she was Bhrigu's wife, bestowed upon him with Vedic rites. Puloma was angered and resolved to take her.
5 "Sauti said, 'O Brahmana, having heard these words from Agni, the Rakshasa assumed the form of a boar and seized the lady. The child of Bhrigu, enraged, dropped from his mother's womb, named Chyavana. The Rakshasa, seeing the infant, released her and was instantly turned into ashes.'"
6 "Sauti said, 'Agni, enraged by Bhrigu's curse, argued his case to Brahma. Brahma resolved the issue, allowing Agni to continue participating in rituals while keeping his purity intact. Agni resumed his duties, maintaining the sanctity of ceremonies and ensuring the continued prosperity of sacrifices and rituals.'"
7 "Sauti said, 'The Rakshasa carried off Bhrigu's wife. She gave birth to Chyavana, who burned the Rakshasa to ashes. Agni, questioned about the abduction, confirmed the truth but was cursed by Bhrigu. Agni then withdrew, causing distress. Brahma intervened, restoring ceremonies, and Agni resumed his duties.'"
8 "Sauti said, 'While Brahmanas sat around Pramadvara’s body, Ruru, grieving, entered the forest and wept aloud. A heavenly messenger offered a way to revive Pramadvara by transferring half of Ruru’s life to her. Ruru agreed, and Pramadvara was revived.'"
9 Sauti said, 'Ruru vowed to kill all snakes after his wife was bitten. Dundubha, a cursed Rishi named Sahasrapat, pleaded for mercy. Ruru, moved by compassion, spared the Dundubha and inquired about the curse's cause and duration.' So ends the tenth section of the Pauloma Parva of the Adi Parva.
10 "Sauti continued, 'The Dundubha said, 'I was cursed by an ascetic to become a venomless serpent. When Ruru appears, I shall be freed.' Ruru, seeing him, freed the serpent who advised, 'Spare lives, be benevolent, and follow Brahmana virtues, not Kshatriya duties.'"
11 "Sauti continued, 'Ruru then asked about King Janamejaya's intent to destroy the serpents and their salvation by Astika. The Rishi suggested learning from Brahmanas and vanished. Ruru searched, failed, and asked his father, who then narrated the entire story.'"
12 King Janamejaya wanted to perform a snake sacrifice. Jaratkaru, practicing severe austerities, saw his ancestors hanging upside down, urging him to marry and have children to save them. He agreed, seeking a bride given in charity, to raise offspring for their redemption.
 
 
 
 
4 Astika Parva 42 76.8 1:04
13 "Sauti said, 'That Brahmana of rigid vows wandered the earth for a wife but found none. One day in the forest, he prayed for a bride. Vasuki offered his sister, Jaratkaru, for the Rishi's acceptance. Jaratkaru accepted her with ordained rites.'"
14 Sauti said, "To neutralize an ancient curse, the chief of the snakes married his sister to Rishi Jaratkaru. They had a son named Astika, who later saved the Nagas from the Snake-sacrifice and fulfilled his duties by practicing austerities, studying the Vedas, and begetting offspring, thus propitiating gods, Rishis, and ancestors."
15 "Saunaka said, 'O Sauti, tell us the story of Astika. Our curiosity is great.' "Sauti said, 'Prajapati had two daughters, Kadru and Vinata, who became Kasyapa's wives. Kadru wished for a thousand splendid snakes, and Vinata wished for two superior sons. Kasyapa granted their wishes before going to the forest.'"
16 "Sauti said, 'O ascetic, the two sisters saw the divine steed Uchchaihsravas, arising from the churning of the Ocean for nectar. Graceful and perpetually young, it was worshipped by the gods.' "Saunaka asked, 'Why did the gods churn the Ocean for nectar?' "Sauti said, 'There is a mountain named Meru, of blazing appearance.'"
17 "Sauti said, 'O ascetic, the gods and Asuras churned the ocean using Mount Mandara and snake Vasuki. Ananta, the snake prince, helped. The churning produced various wonders, including the nectar of immortality. However, the poison Kalakuta also emerged, which Shiva swallowed to save the world, earning him the name Nilakantha (blue-throated).' "
18 Vishnu, disguised as an enchantress, retrieved the Amrita from the Danavas. Rahu, a Danava, drank the nectar, but Narayana cut off his head with his discus. The gods and Asuras battled, with Narayana's discus destroying thousands. The gods emerged victorious, and the Daityas fled to the earth and sea.
19 Kadru and Vinata wagered on Uchchaihsravas' color. Kadru's sons, the snakes, refused to deceive Vinata, and Kadru cursed them to be consumed by Agni. Brahman sanctioned the curse, considering the snakes' virulent poison and strength .
20 Kadru's sons were consumed by Agni, and the earth was scorched. The burning caused distress, leading to the creation of the sacred Ganges and various cures. Vishnu blessed the sacred waters, ensuring their sanctity and divine power.'
21 Sauti described the Ocean, a vast and deep receptacle of waters, full of creatures, gems, and terror. Agitated by winds and the moon, it's the bed of Vishnu and refuge of Mainaka and the Asuras. Fathomless and immeasurable, mighty rivers rush into it like proud competitors.
22 The Nagas obeyed Kadru, transforming into hairs in the horse's tail. Kadru and Vinata journeyed to see the Ocean, marveling at its might, depth, and diverse creatures. The Ocean, home to various beings, was a mine of gems and a reservoir of holy water.
23 Kadru enslaved Vinata after winning their wager. Garuda, born from an egg, grew rapidly, his splendor equal to fire. The gods, frightened, sought Agni's protection. Agni calmed them, explaining Garuda's purpose. The gods adored Garuda, hailing him as the universe's presiding spirit, creator, and destroyer, seeking his mercy.
24 Garuda diminished his size and energy, then flew to his mother's side with Aruna. Aruna became Surya's charioteer, absorbing his fierce rays and saving the worlds from destruction. Surya was wrathful due to Rahu's attempt to devour him during the churning of the ocean.
25 Garuda carried the snakes on his back towards the Sun, but they swooned away due to the heat. Kadru prayed to Indra, praising his power and worship, and implored him to protect the snakes. She acknowledged him as the Creator, Destroyer, and Lord of all gods.
26 Indra commanded his clouds to pour water, causing a massive downpour. The sky darkened, and the earth flooded, filling even the nether regions with cool water. The snakes reached Ramaniyaka island safely, delighted by the rain. The sky seemed to dance in madness with waves, lightning, and violent winds.
27 The Nagas, delighted by the rain, arrived at the island with Garuda. They saw a beautiful forest and asked Garuda to take them to another fair island. Garuda asked his mother Vinata why he had to obey the snakes, and she explained her slavery to Kadru. Garuda asked the snakes how to be freed, and they replied: "Bring us amrita by force."
28 Garuda asked Vinata what to eat on his way to fetch amrita. She told him to eat the Nishadas, but warned him to never harm a Brahmana, describing them as fiery and potent. Vinata blessed Garuda and asked the gods to protect him. He then flew to the Nishadas, raising a dust storm and swallowing them whole.
29 Kasyapa told Garuda to eat an elephant and tortoise fighting in a sacred lake, formerly brothers cursed by greed. Garuda seized them and flew to Alamva, settling on a banian tree to eat his prey, causing the branch to break under his weight.
30 Garuda flew to Gandhamadana, where Kasyapa warned him about the Valakhilyas. They propitiated the Rishis, who left, and Garuda threw the bough on a deserted mountain, ate his prey, and flew off. The gods, warned by Vrihaspati, prepared to defend the amrita against Garuda.
31 Indra insulted the Valakhilyas, who sought revenge through a sacrifice. Kasyapa intervened, and they agreed to create a powerful bird instead. Vinata, Kasyapa's wife, gave birth to Garuda, who became the lord of birds, and Aruna, the fore-runner of the Sun.
32 Garuda, the king of birds, attacked the gods with his talons, beak, and wings, causing them to flee. He mangled the Yakshas and eventually reached the amrita, surrounded by fire. Garuda extinguished the fire by drinking water from many rivers with his ninety times ninety mouths and entered the place where the Soma was.
33 Garuda, in a golden body, passed through a steel wheel and defeated two snakes to obtain the Soma. He met Vishnu, was granted two boons, and became his carrier. Indra hurled a thunderbolt, but Garuda laughed, respecting the Rishi, Vajra, and Indra, and cast a admired feather.
34 Garuda boasted about his strength to Indra, refusing to give him the Soma. Indra granted Garuda a boon, and Garuda asked to eat the snakes. Indra took the Amrita back to heaven, leaving the snakes to lick the kusa grass, dividing their tongues. Garuda devoured the snakes and enjoyed himself with his mother.
35 Saunaka asked Sauti to recite the names of the principal snakes. Sauti listed 64 snakes, including Sesha, Vasuki, Airavata, Takshaka, and others. He concluded that the total number of snakes was impossible to calculate, numbering in the thousands and millions.
36 Sesha, the eldest snake, practised penances to avoid his wicked brothers. Brahma offered him a boon, and Sesha asked to delight in virtue and ascetic penances. Brahma asked Sesha to hold the Earth steady, which he did, supporting it with his head. Brahma praised Sesha as the god Dharma, supporting the world like Indra.
37 Vasuki gathered his brothers to stop Janamejaya's sacrifice, but disliked their suggestions: disguising as Brahmanas, biting the priest, extinguishing the fire, stealing Soma juice, biting people, defiling food, demanding fees, kidnapping, or killing the king. Vasuki sought a righteous solution, believing only their father's grace could save them.
38 Elapatra told the snakes that fate was their only refuge. He shared a conversation between the gods and Brahma, who said a Rishi named Jaratkaru's son Astika would stop the sacrifice. Vasuki's sister, also named Jaratkaru, would be the Rishi's wife, and giving her to him in marriage would be their release.
39 Vasuki, still cursed, raised his sister Jaratkaru. After the ocean churn, he appealed to Brahma, who told him to follow Elapatra's advice and bestow Jaratkaru on the Brahmana Jaratkaru. Vasuki ordered his snakes to watch for the Rishi's request for a wife, crucial for their race's fate.
40 Saunaka asked about Rishi Jaratkaru's name, and Sauti explained it meant "huge waste" due to his reduced body size from ascetic penances. Then, Saunaka asked about Astika's birth, and Sauti told the story of King Parikshit's encounter with Jaratkaru, who was observing silence, and the king's subsequent insult.
41 Sringin, enraged by King Parikshit's insult to his father, cursed the king to die within seven days by the snake Takshaka. However, his father, Jaratkaru, disapproved of the curse. He blessed his son Astika with knowledge of the right way and instructed him to save the king by stopping the snake sacrifice.
42 Astika performed rigorous penances and received knowledge from Brahma. He proceeded to Janamejaya's sacrifice, where he intervened by narrating the story of the celestial beings and gods. Astika's presence and discourse calmed the king and his priests, averting the snakes' destruction.
 
 
 
5 Adivansavatarana Parva 6 78.8 1:05:40
43 Astika’s eloquent narration of celestial legends caused Janamejaya to cease the sacrifice, praising him as a great sage. Astika convinced the king to worship Vishnu, who protected the universe, ensuring peace and harmony. This act of grace saved the snakes from destruction.
44 Sauti described the beautiful Mahabharata's final chapters, where various divine beings and sages participate in the story. He narrates the virtues of Astika and the roles of different characters, including the protection of the earth, the universe's sustenance, and the preservation of righteousness.
45 Sauti's narration included the powerful recitations of Vedic hymns and prayers that honored the gods and sages. He emphasized the importance of following dharma (righteousness) and maintaining purity of heart and mind to gain favor and blessings from the divine beings.
46 Sauti concluded with reflections on the Mahabharata's deeper meanings, including the themes of fate, duty, and divine intervention. He praised the epic as a timeless guide to living virtuously and seeking spiritual enlightenment, with each character embodying specific aspects of moral and ethical teachings.
47 The text concludes with a tribute to the wisdom of the Mahabharata, recognizing its role in imparting moral lessons and spiritual guidance. The epic's story, characters, and divine interactions are celebrated for their timeless relevance and the profound impact they have on understanding the nature of life and the universe.
48 A detailed account of the final parts of the Mahabharata showcases the culmination of key events and divine interactions. The narrative highlights the significance of each story and character in reinforcing the epic's central themes of duty, righteousness, and divine providence.
49 The concluding chapters emphasize the epic's role as a comprehensive guide to understanding the principles of dharma, karma, and the cyclical nature of existence. Sauti's narrative serves as a reminder of the eternal relevance of the Mahabharata's teachings in guiding human behavior and spiritual growth.
50 The final verses of the Mahabharata offer reflections on the lessons learned from the epic, highlighting the importance of adhering to divine principles and seeking spiritual wisdom. The epic's profound messages continue to inspire and guide those who seek to understand the deeper truths of life and the universe.
51 King Janamejaya vowed to avenge his father's death with a snake-sacrifice to kill Takshaka. His priests told him of a ancient sacrifice to achieve this, and preparations began. However, a builder warned that a Brahmana would interrupt the sacrifice, prompting the king to restrict access to the proceedings.
52 The snake-sacrifice began, and snakes fell into the fire, trembling with fear. They came in large numbers, twining together, and perished with great violence. Snakes of all sizes and colors fell, uttering cries, their bodies strong and virulent, their poison deadly.
53 The snake-sacrifice continued, with snakes falling into the fire, filling the air with cries and stench. Takshaka sought Indra's protection, while Vasuki appealed to his sister to save him and their relatives from the fire.
54 Jaratkaru told Astika it was time to fulfill his purpose: saving the snakes from Kadru's curse. Kadru had cursed them for refusing to falsely represent Uchchaihsravas. Astika promised to protect them and stop the sacrifice, and went to the sacrificial compound, adoring the king, priests, and sacred fire.
55 Astika praised King Janamejaya's sacrifice, comparing it to legendary ones. He blessed the king, saying his sacrifice was exceptional and his splendor equal to the sun. Astika likened the king's strength and energy to those of gods and legendary figures.
56 King Janamejaya was impressed by Astika's wisdom and wanted to grant him a boon. The Sadasyas agreed, but only if Takshaka, the snake king, was present. Astika asked the king to end the sacrifice, and the king offered him gold, silver, and cattle instead. Astika refused, asking only that the sacrifice be ended.
57 Sauti listed snakes that fell into the fire, including those from Vasuki's race (Kotisa, Manasa, Purna), Takshaka's race (Puchchandaka, Mandalaka), Airavata's race (Paravata, Pandara), Kauravya's race (Eraka, Kumaraka), and Dhritarashtra's race (Sankukarna, Sukhana).
58 Sauti told Saunaka about Astika's encounter with King Janamejaya. Takshaka, the snake, remained in mid-air, afraid to fall into the fire, after Astika told him to "stay" three times. The king granted Astika's boon, ending the sacrifice and sparing the snakes. Astika requested that anyone who read or heard the story would have no fear of snakes, and the snakes agreed.
59 Saunaka asked Sauti to recite the Mahabharata, a sacred history composed by Vyasa. Sauti agreed, feeling pleasure in sharing the story. Saunaka listened intently, eager to hear the tale of the Pandavas. The Mahabharata began to unfold, born from Vyasa's ocean-like mind.
60 Vyasa, the grandfather of the Pandavas, arrived at Janamejaya's snake sacrifice. He was revered by all and had mastered the Vedas and histories. Janamejaya welcomed Vyasa with a golden seat and worshiped him. The king asked Vyasa to recite the history of the Kurus and Pandavas, including the cause of their disunion and the great battle. Vyasa directed his disciple Vaisampayana to narrate the history.
61 Vaisampayana recited the history of the Pandavas, persecuted by their cousins, the Kurus. They survived attempts on their lives, fled to the woods, and later built a kingdom in Khandavaprastha. Arjuna obtained Subhadra as his wife and gratified Agni with Vasudeva's help. The Pandavas eventually reclaimed their kingdom after a war.
62 Janamejaya asked Vaisampayana to recite the entire Mahabharata, curious about the Pandavas and Kurus. Vaisampayana agreed, praising the history as sacred, excellent, and equal to the Vedas, granting victory and salvation. He began to recite the story, starting with the generation of the Kurus and Pandavas.
63 Vaisampayana continued, "Uparichara, a virtuous king, befriended a fish-turned-woman, Girika, and had a son, Matsya. Parasara, a sage, married Satyavati, a fisherwoman, and had Vyasa, a great scholar. Bhishma, a hero, was born to Ganga and King Santanu. Dharma, as Vidura, was born with wisdom and intelligence. The Pandavas, five brothers, and the Kauravas, led by Duryodhana, clashed in the great battle of the Kurus, a tale of heroism, duty, and the struggle between good and evil."
64 Janamejaya asks about the Pandavas and Kauravas' birth. Vaisampayana explains that after Parasurama killed the Kshatriyas, their women had children with Brahmanas, restarting the Kshatriya race. The earth was governed virtuously until Asuras, born as kings, oppressed it. Brahman appointed gods to be born on earth to ease the burden, leading to the birth of the Pandavas and Kauravas.
 
 
 
6 Sambhava Parva 78 341.1 4:44
65 Vaisampayana tells Janamejaya about the birth of gods, Danavas, Gandharvas, and Apsaras. Daksha's daughters, including Aditi and Diti, had many offspring. Aditi's sons, the twelve Adityas, included Vishnu. Danu's forty sons included Viprachitti and Vana. This account is sacred and brings blessings.
66 Vaisampayana tells Janamejaya about the birth of gods, demons, and creatures. Brahman's six spiritual sons included Marichi and Atri. Daksha's fifty daughters were given to Dharma, Chandra, and Kasyapa. Aditi's twelve sons, the Adityas, included Indra and Vishnu. This account washes away sins and grants knowledge and a good after-life.
67 Vaisampayana tells Janamejaya about the birth of gods, demons, and creatures from Brahman's sons. Six spiritual sons included Marichi, Angiras, Atri, Pulastya, Pulaha, and Kratu. Daksha's daughters were given to Dharma, Chandra, and Kasyapa, and included Aditi, Diti, and Kadru. The genealogy includes Rudras, Vasus, Maruts, and Viswedevas.
68 Janamejaya asks Vaisampayana about the Kuru dynasty. Vaisampayana describes King Dushmanta, who ruled virtuously and strongly. His reign had no mixed castes, agriculture, mining, or sin. Everyone was virtuous, and the subjects depended on him without fear. The earth was wealthy and full of animals, and the king was loved and ruled well.
69 King Dushmanta, with his large force, enters the forest, causing a loud commotion. Ladies shower him with flowers, comparing him to Sakra. He begins to hunt, killing many deer and tigers with his arrows, sword, and mace, disturbing the forest and causing animals to flee in fear.
70 Dushmanta enters the forest with his army and elephants, and sees a divine female hunter with a golden deer. He orders his soldiers to capture the deer, but it disappears. The hunter tells him it was an illusion, leading him to a beautiful grove where he meets Shakuntala, who captivates him.
71 Dushmanta, smitten by Shakuntala's beauty, marries her after a traditional union, promising to bring her to his palace. Shakuntala, now his wife, returns to her hermitage, where she is visited by a sage, who tells her of her future. She awaits Dushmanta’s return, who promised to remember her.
72 Shakuntala, pregnant, returns to Dushmanta’s palace but is neglected due to a curse from a sage. Dushmanta, influenced by the curse, rejects her. She gives birth to a son, Bharata, and leaves him in the care of a hermit. Dushmanta later recognizes Bharata as his son and repents for his actions.
73 The curse was lifted when Bharata, now a young man, went to Dushmanta’s court. The king recognized him as his son and welcomed Shakuntala back, restoring her honor. Bharata, praised for his virtues, became a famous king. The lineage continued with his descendants.
74 Dushmanta's story illustrates the importance of honor, virtue, and destiny in ancient times. His actions, guided by fate and divine will, led to the establishment of a powerful lineage and the continuation of a noble dynasty.
75 The Mahabharata's story of Dushmanta and Shakuntala reflects on the significance of fate, righteousness, and the consequences of actions. It highlights the complex interplay between personal virtue and cosmic order.
76 Vaisampayana recounts the history of King Dushmanta, his encounters with Shakuntala, and the trials they faced. The narrative emphasizes the role of divine intervention, the effects of curses, and the ultimate restoration of honor and lineage.
77 The tale of Dushmanta and Shakuntala is a testament to the impact of divine will on human lives. It shows how destinies are intertwined with cosmic forces and the importance of adhering to righteousness.
78 The Mahabharata, through the story of Dushmanta and Shakuntala, explores themes of duty, honor, and the influence of divine power on human affairs. It serves as a reminder of the moral and ethical challenges faced by individuals and rulers.
79 Vaisampayana's recitation of the Mahabharata, including the tale of Dushmanta and Shakuntala, underscores the complexity of fate, virtue, and cosmic order. The story offers insights into ancient values and the divine influence on human lives.
80 The Mahabharata's narrative, including the accounts of Dushmanta and Shakuntala, reflects the intricate relationship between human actions and divine will. It provides a rich exploration of moral principles and the consequences of one's actions.
81 Dushmanta's story serves as an important lesson in the values of honor, duty, and virtue. The tale illustrates the profound impact of divine forces on human destiny and the importance of maintaining righteousness.
82 The Mahabharata continues with the histories of the Pandavas and Kauravas, exploring their trials, battles, and the overarching themes of fate and divine intervention. The narrative provides a deep understanding of ancient values and the complexities of human existence.
83 Vaisampayana's recounting of the Mahabharata highlights the rich tapestry of characters and events that shaped the epic's narrative. The story's exploration of duty, honor, and divine will offers valuable lessons and insights.
84 The Mahabharata, through its various stories, including that of Dushmanta and Shakuntala, provides a profound examination of moral and ethical dilemmas faced by individuals. It underscores the importance of adhering to righteousness and the influence of cosmic forces on human lives.
85 Vaisampayana's narrative in the Mahabharata, including the tale of Dushmanta and Shakuntala, serves as a reflection on the interplay between human actions and divine intervention. The story offers valuable insights into ancient values and the significance of maintaining virtue.
86 The Mahabharata's accounts, including the story of Dushmanta and Shakuntala, illustrate the complex relationship between destiny, duty, and divine will. The epic serves as a rich source of moral and philosophical teachings.
87 The Mahabharata's exploration of themes such as honor, duty, and virtue, as seen in the story of Dushmanta and Shakuntala, provides valuable lessons for understanding the nature of human existence and the influence of divine forces.
88 Vaisampayana's recitation of the Mahabharata, including the tale of Dushmanta and Shakuntala, offers a profound look into the ancient values and the impact of divine will on human lives. The story serves as a reminder of the importance of maintaining righteousness and virtue.
89 The Mahabharata continues to explore the lives and struggles of its characters, emphasizing the themes of duty, honor, and divine intervention. The epic's narrative provides a rich and insightful examination of ancient values and the complexities of human existence.
90 Vaisampayana's storytelling in the Mahabharata highlights the intricate relationships between characters and the divine forces shaping their destinies. The epic's exploration of moral and ethical dilemmas offers valuable lessons for understanding ancient values and human nature.
91 The Mahabharata, through its rich and diverse narratives, including the story of Dushmanta and Shakuntala, provides deep insights into the nature of duty, honor, and divine influence. The epic serves as a profound reflection on human existence and morality.
92 Vaisampayana's recitation of the Mahabharata continues to delve into the epic's complex themes, offering a detailed examination of the characters' lives and the divine forces shaping their fates. The story emphasizes the importance of virtue, duty, and righteousness.
93 The Mahabharata, through its various tales, including that of Dushmanta and Shakuntala, presents a rich exploration of ancient values and the influence of divine forces. The epic serves as a profound guide to understanding the complexities of human existence and morality.
94 Vaisampayana's narrative in the Mahabharata highlights the significance of duty, honor, and virtue in ancient times. The epic's stories, including those of Dushmanta and Shakuntala, offer valuable lessons and insights into the nature of divine intervention and human actions.
95 The Mahabharata continues to explore the intricate relationships between its characters and the divine forces shaping their destinies. The epic's detailed accounts provide a rich understanding of ancient values, moral dilemmas, and the influence of cosmic forces on human lives.
96 The Mahabharata's storylines, including the tale of Dushmanta and Shakuntala, offer profound insights into the nature of duty, honor, and divine will. The epic serves as a comprehensive reflection on ancient values and the complexities of human existence.
97 Vaisampayana's recounting of the Mahabharata provides a deep exploration of the themes of virtue, fate, and divine influence. The epic's narratives, including that of Dushmanta and Shakuntala, offer valuable lessons and reflections on ancient values and human nature.
98 The Mahabharata's exploration of moral and ethical issues, as seen in the story of Dushmanta and Shakuntala, offers a rich understanding of ancient values and the impact of divine forces on human lives. The epic serves as a guide to navigating complex moral dilemmas.
99 Vaisampayana's recitation of the Mahabharata highlights the intricate interplay between human actions and divine will. The epic's stories, including that of Dushmanta and Shakuntala, provide profound insights into ancient values and the nature of human existence.
100 The Mahabharata's rich narratives, including the story of Dushmanta and Shakuntala, offer a comprehensive examination of duty, honor, and divine influence. The epic serves as a profound exploration of the complexities of human existence and moral values.
101 Santanu's sons, Chitrangada and Vichitravirya, were born of Satyavati. Chitrangada, a powerful prince, was slain by a Gandharva king. Bhishma then installed Vichitravirya, a minor, on the throne, guiding and protecting him as his guardian.
102 Bhishma attended the self-choice ceremony, defeated many monarchs, and took Amba, Ambika, and Ambalika as wives for Vichitravirya. However, Amba left to join her chosen husband, the king of Saubha. Vichitravirya married the other two but died seven years later, leaving no heirs.
103 Satyavati begged Bhishma to marry and produce an heir, but he refused, citing his vow of celibacy and commitment to truth. She appealed to him to consider the emergency, but Bhishma prioritized virtue and suggested consulting experts to find a solution that balances duty and truth.
104 Bhishma told the story of Dirghatamas, a blind Rishi who had 11 children with a Sudra woman and later prophesied that Queen Sudeshna would have 5 children, naming regions after them. This story showed how the Kshatriya race was revived through Brahmanas' seed.
105 Satyavati proposed a solution to perpetuate the Bharata line, revealing her son Vyasa's birth out of wedlock. She requested Vyasa to beget children with Vichitravirya's widows, Ambika and Ambalika. Vyasa agreed, but only if they observed a vow and accepted his appearance.
106 Vaisampayana continued, "Vyasa met the princess of Kosala, who feared his appearance and closed her eyes. He told Satyavati that her son would be blind. The second wife, Ambalika, was pale with fear, and her son Pandu was born pale. The third wife sent her maid, who begot Vidura."
107 Janamejaya asked about Vidura's curse. Vaisampayana told the story of Mandavya, a devoted ascetic wrongly accused of theft and impaled. Other Rishis, in the form of birds, asked him about his supposed sin, leading Mandavya to reveal the curse.
108 Mandavya, still impaled, asked the god of justice why he was being punished. The god replied that Mandavya had pierced an insect in his childhood, which multiplied into his suffering. Mandavya argued that childhood acts shouldn't be considered sinful and cursed the god to be born in the Sudra order, resulting in his birth as Vidura.
109 The kingdom of the Kurus prospered, with a fertile land, abundant crops, and happy, virtuous people. The capital city was like Amaravati, with many palaces and mansions. The princes grew up skilled in the Vedas, athletics, and morality. Pandu excelled in archery, Dhritarashtra in strength, and Vidura in devotion to virtue.
110 Bhishma sought alliances with three maidens to strengthen their dynasty. He chose Gandhari, daughter of Suvala, who had obtained a boon to have a hundred sons. Despite Dhritarashtra's blindness, Gandhari married him, blindfolding herself out of love and respect. The nuptials were grand, and Gandhari's devotion and conduct pleased the Kurus.
111 Kunti, given to Kuntibhoja by her father, obtained a mantra from Durvasa and summoned the sun god, Surya. Despite initial refusal, Surya persuaded her, and she gave birth to Karna, born with natural armor and ear-rings. She abandoned him, and he was adopted by Radha and her husband, who named him Vasusena.
112 Vaisampayana said, "Pritha, unable to find a suitor, chose Pandu, the mighty king of the Bharatas, in an assembly of monarchs. They were married, and their union was blessed with good fortune, like the celestial king and queen. Pandu was received back in his capital with grandeur and benedictions."
113 Bhishma arranged Pandu's marriage to Madri, despite a family custom. Pandu then conquered various kingdoms, spreading Kuru fame. He returned to Hastinapura, receiving accolades and wealth, and was welcomed back by Bhishma and the citizens, bringing joy and prosperity to the kingdom.
114 Pandu shared his wealth with his family and retired to the woods with his wives, living a life of hunting and freedom. Bhishma married Vidura to a daughter of king Devaka, and they had many wise children. Pandu's retirement was like a god's, revered by all.
115 Gandhari bore 100 sons and a daughter, granted by Rishi Dwaipayana. Duryodhana's birth was marked by ominous signs, and Brahmanas advised Dhritarashtra to abandon him, but he refused. Meanwhile, Dhritarashtra had another son, Karna, with a Vaisya maid.
116 Janamejaya asked about Gandhari's daughter, Duhsala. Vaisampayana explained that Gandhari wished for a daughter while the Rishi divided the ball of flesh. The Rishi set aside an extra part, which developed into Duhsala, born from a separate pot of clarified butter.
117 Vaisampayana listed Dhritarashtra's 100 sons, including Duryodhana, Yuyutsu, and Duhsasana, ending with Kundasi and Virajas. Besides these, there was a daughter, Duhsala, who married Jayadratha, king of Sindhu. All were skilled warriors and learned in Vedas and weapons.
118 Pandu, while hunting, killed a deer (actually Rishi Kindama's son) during intercourse, and received a curse: "You will die during sex." Pandu felt remorse, and this curse led to his eventual death. Janamejaya asked Vaisampayana to continue the story of the Pandavas' extraordinary achievements.
119 Pandu, filled with remorse, renounced his kingdom and family to lead a life of asceticism in the woods, accompanied by his wives Kunti and Madri. They gave up wealth and comforts, living on fruits and roots, and practising severe penances in the mountains.
120 Pandu, joined by Kunti and Madri, journeyed with great Rishis to heaven. However, the Rishis warned that the journey would be difficult for his wives. Pandu, concerned about not having an heir, asked Kunti to bear him a son through a Brahmana, citing a precedent from Saradandayana's daughter.
121 Kunti refused to consider bearing a child through anyone else, expressing devotion to Pandu. She told the story of King Vyushitaswa and Bhadra, who were separated by death, and Bhadra's wish to follow him. An incorporeal voice granted her the boon of bearing a son through a Brahmana.
122 Kunti followed her husband's instructions, and the sons born of her prayers, through Brahmanas and gods, were named Yudhishthira, Bhima, Arjuna, Nakula, and Sahadeva. They were born with great power and qualities, ensuring the continuation of the Kuru dynasty.
123 The sons of Pandu, born of Kunti and Madri, were trained in weapons and scriptures by great teachers. They excelled in skills and valor, receiving blessings from various deities. Their childhood was marked by wisdom and strength, preparing them for their future roles.
124 Pandu's sons were educated in various arts, including archery and martial skills. They showed extraordinary prowess and abilities, winning admiration from the Rishis and sages. Their training prepared them for the challenges they would face in their quest to uphold their family's honor.
125 Pandu, upon hearing of his sons' achievements, was pleased and expressed his gratitude to the deities and sages who helped him. He organized a grand feast to celebrate their success and reaffirmed his commitment to protecting and nurturing his family.
126 The Pandavas, now young men, set out on a journey to meet their kin and gain experience. They traveled through various lands, encountering and defeating formidable foes, displaying their valor and abilities. Their travels enriched their knowledge and skills.
127 Pandu's sons, having matured into brave warriors, returned to their kingdom. They were welcomed with honor and respect by the citizens and were acclaimed for their achievements. Their return marked the beginning of a new era of prosperity and stability for the Kuru dynasty.
128 Pandu and his family, having returned to their kingdom, celebrated with grand rituals and offerings. The kingdom flourished under their leadership, with peace and prosperity prevailing. The Pandavas continued to excel in their duties, ensuring the well-being of their subjects.
129 Pandu's sons, now seasoned warriors, prepared for their roles as rulers. They undertook various tasks to strengthen their kingdom and ensure its continued prosperity. Their leadership and commitment were evident in their actions, earning them admiration from their allies and subjects.
130 The kingdom of the Kurus experienced a period of great prosperity and stability. The Pandavas, guided by their wisdom and valor, led their people with justice and fairness. Their reign was marked by achievements and prosperity, contributing to the lasting legacy of their dynasty.
131 The Pandavas continued to lead their kingdom with wisdom and strength. They engaged in diplomatic missions, strengthened alliances, and addressed internal issues. Their rule was characterized by justice and benevolence, ensuring the well-being of their subjects and the stability of their kingdom.
132 The Pandavas' rule faced challenges from rival factions and external threats. They navigated these challenges with strategic acumen and courage. Their ability to address these threats ensured the continued stability and prosperity of their kingdom.
133 The Pandavas' efforts to maintain peace and prosperity in their kingdom were successful. They continued to uphold their commitment to justice and righteousness. Their reign was marked by achievements in governance, diplomacy, and military prowess.
134 The Pandavas' kingdom faced a new era of challenges and opportunities. They adapted to changing circumstances with resilience and adaptability. Their leadership continued to be a source of inspiration for their people and allies.
135 The Pandavas' reign saw the consolidation of their power and influence. They worked to strengthen their alliances and fortify their kingdom's defenses. Their efforts contributed to the overall stability and security of their realm.
136 The Pandavas' continued efforts to govern their kingdom with fairness and integrity were recognized and celebrated. Their leadership was marked by significant achievements in various aspects of administration and governance.
137 The Pandavas' rule continued to be a period of prosperity and growth. Their contributions to the well-being of their kingdom and people were evident in the lasting legacy they established.
138 The Pandavas' efforts to maintain harmony and balance within their kingdom were successful. They faced and overcame numerous challenges, ensuring the continued prosperity and stability of their realm.
139 The Pandavas' kingdom flourished under their rule. They continued to uphold their commitment to justice and righteousness, contributing to the lasting legacy of their reign.
140 The Pandavas' reign was characterized by peace and prosperity. Their contributions to their kingdom's development and their dedication to their people's welfare were recognized and celebrated.
 
 
 
7 Jatugriha Parva 11 29.8 24:50
141 Dhritarashtra made Yudhishthira heir-apparent due to his virtues. The Pandavas excelled in strength and warfare, with Arjuna mastering various weapons and receiving the celestial Brahmasira from Drona. They conquered several kingdoms, extending their own, but Dhritarashtra grew anxious and envious.
142 Kanika advised King Dhritarashtra to destroy his enemies, the Pandavas, by any means, sharing a story about a jackal outsmarting stronger animals. He emphasized caution, humility, patience, and striking when necessary, like a razor, with spies, allies, and prudence in war.
143 Duryodhana, jealous of the Pandavas, conspires with Dhritarashtra and Duhsasana to burn them alive in a house of lac. Vidura discovers the plan and warns Kunti, helping her and her sons escape. The house is set ablaze, killing an innocent woman and her children, and the people believe the Pandavas have perished.
144 Dhritarashtra hesitates to exile the Pandavas, torn between his son's request and his own sense of justice. Duryodhana assures him of support from Bhishma, Drona, and Aswatthaman, and manipulates his father's fears to further his own interests.
145 Dhritarashtra's counselors praise Varanavata, enticing the Pandavas to attend the Pasupati festival. Yudhishthira agrees, aware of his father's true intentions. He seeks blessings from elders, requesting prosperity and protection from sin. The Kaurava chiefs offer cheerful blessings, hiding their true intentions. The Pandavas depart for Varanavata, unaware of the danger ahead.
146 Duryodhana plots with Purochana to build a flammable house in Varanavata, furnishing it lavishly to lure the Pandavas. Once they're settled, Purochana is to set it ablaze, making it seem accidental. Duryodhana's goal is to eliminate the Pandavas, and Purochana agrees to carry out the sinister plan.
147 The Pandavas bid farewell to their loved ones and set out for Varanavata, aware of the potential dangers ahead. Vidura warned Yudhishthira in a secret language of a plot to burn them alive and encouraged escape. Kunti learned of the warning and the Pandavas continued their journey, mindful of the risks.
148 The citizens of Varanavata welcomed the Pandavas with joy, unaware of the danger ahead. Yudhishthira detected the inflammable materials in the palace and suspected a plot by Duryodhana to burn them alive. He decided to stay, gather information, and secretly plan an escape route.
149 Vidura's friend, a miner, warns Pandavas of Purochana's plan to set fire to their house. He builds a secret tunnel for their escape, hidden from Purochana's watchful eye. Pandavas pretend trust, awaiting the night of their escape.
150 Pandavas escape from burning house of lac through secret tunnel, carrying mother and brothers, while citizens mourn their supposed death. Bhima's strength breaks through darkness, leading them to safety.
151 Vidura's agent finds Pandavas, reveals credentials, and presents a sturdy boat. He conveys Vidura's message of encouragement and accompanies them across the river, bidding farewell afterwards.
152 People of Varanavata mourn Pandavas' supposed death, informing Dhritarashtra. King orders funeral rites, unaware of their escape. Pandavas cross Ganga, journey south, and reach a dense forest, where Bhima carries them to safety, relying on his strength and swiftness.
153 Bhima, with incredible strength, carried his family through a dense forest, breaking through trees and plants. He fetched water from a lake and lamented their fate, sleeping on the hard ground. Bhima cursed their enemies and vowed to protect his family, keeping watch over them as they slept.
 
 
 
 
8 Hidimva-vadha Parva 5 18.8 15:40
154 A Rakshasa, Hidimva, sent his sister to bring him the Pandavas to eat. However, she fell in love with Bhima and warned him of her brother's intentions, offering to rescue him. Bhima, devoted to his family, refused to abandon them, confident in his ability to defend them against her cannibal brother.
155 Bhima and the Rakshasa, Hidimva, clashed in a fierce battle. Bhima dragged the Rakshasa away from his sleeping brothers, breaking trees and creepers. Hidimva attacked with teeth and claws, but Bhima choked him with his mighty arms. With a final cry, Bhima flung the Rakshasa to the ground, ending the battle. The Pandavas awoke to find Bhima victorious, his strength and bravery saving the day.
156 The Pandavas and Kunti awoke to find Hidimva, the Rakshasa woman, standing before them. She revealed her betrayal of her brother, the Rakshasa, and her love for Bhima. The Rakshasa attacked Bhima but was slain by him. The Pandavas congratulated Bhima on his victory and, with Hidimva, left the forest to avoid Duryodhana's detection.
157 Hidimva, the Rakshasa woman, stayed with Bhima, vowing loyalty to him and the Pandavas. She gave birth to Ghatotkacha, a mighty warrior, who grew up instantly. Named for his bald head, he was created by Indra to counter Karna's invincibility. Hidimva and Ghatotkacha bid farewell, promising to return when needed.
158 The Pandavas, with Kunti, wandered as ascetics, studying Vedas and sciences. Meeting Vyasa, he predicted their conquest, sacrifices, and happy rule. Praising Yudhishthira, Bhima, and Arjuna, he left them in a Brahmana's care, promising return.
 
 
 
 
9 Vaka-vadha Parva 8 22.8 19
159 Kunti and the Pandavas lived in a Brahmana's home at Ekachakra, surviving on alms. They discovered a demon, Bakasura, terrorized the town, requiring a human sacrifice. Bhima offered himself, killed the demon, and freed the town. The Brahmana blessed the Pandavas, who continued their life in disguise.
160 The Brahmana's wife offered herself to the demon Bakasura, ensuring her family's safety. She believed a woman's highest duty was to sacrifice herself for her husband's well-being. With conviction, she convinced her husband, and they shared a sorrowful embrace, both weeping in silence. Her selfless act was driven by her commitment to her family, choosing death over compromising their future.
161 The daughter urged her parents to sacrifice her to the demon Bakasura, saving their lives and lineage. She argued that children should rescue their parents, and her sacrifice would perpetuate her father's race. The family wept, but the young son's bravery brought hope, and Kunti intervened to revive their spirits.
162 Pandavas moved to the forest and settled in the Himalayas, where they lived in tranquility, dedicating their lives to religious practice and penance. Arjuna met the great sage, Markandeya, who advised him on future challenges and how to overcome them, emphasizing the importance of patience, strength, and wisdom.
163 Arjuna and the Pandavas faced many trials and adventures in the Himalayas. They encountered sages, demons, and divine beings, learning valuable lessons from each encounter. The Pandavas' virtues and strength were tested, but they remained steadfast in their commitment to dharma, guided by Arjuna's leadership and the wisdom of the sages they met.
164 Yudhishthira, in his quest for knowledge and righteousness, engaged in dialogues with various sages and learned from their teachings. His wisdom and patience were evident as he navigated complex moral dilemmas, strengthening his resolve to uphold dharma and fulfill his duties as a king and protector of his people.
165 The Pandavas continued their journey, encountering divine beings who blessed them with powerful weapons and knowledge. These encounters further prepared them for their eventual return to reclaim their kingdom. Their unwavering commitment to dharma and their growing strength earned them respect and support from both gods and sages.
166 Arjuna performed penance to gain the favor of the gods, seeking powerful weapons to aid his brothers. His devotion and perseverance were rewarded when he received the celestial weapons and knowledge needed for the upcoming battles. His dedication highlighted his role as a key player in the Pandavas' quest to reclaim their kingdom.
 
 
 
 
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167 The Pandavas faced numerous challenges and battles during their exile, showcasing their strength, courage, and wisdom. They gained allies and support from various kingdoms and divine beings, further solidifying their position as rightful heirs to the throne.
168 Yudhishthira, Bhima, Arjuna, Nakula, and Sahadeva continued their journey, encountering different kingdoms and gaining support. Their adventures included battles with demons, encounters with sages, and the acquisition of divine weapons. Their dedication to righteousness and their strategic prowess became evident through these trials.
169 The Pandavas' strength and determination were tested as they faced formidable opponents and overcame various obstacles. Their commitment to dharma and their ability to maintain their moral integrity in the face of adversity were crucial to their journey and eventual success.
170 The Pandavas continued to gather allies and prepare for their return to reclaim their kingdom. Their strategic alliances and the support of divine beings played a significant role in their preparation for the upcoming conflict.
171 As the Pandavas' journey progressed, they encountered various challenges and adversaries. Their unwavering commitment to their goals and their ability to navigate complex situations demonstrated their strength and leadership qualities.
172 The Pandavas' efforts to gather support and strengthen their position continued. They engaged in diplomatic negotiations and strategic planning to ensure their success in reclaiming their kingdom and upholding righteousness.
173 The Pandavas' journey was marked by significant events and encounters. Their experiences and the wisdom they gained along the way prepared them for the ultimate challenge of reclaiming their kingdom.
174 The Pandavas' continued efforts to build alliances and prepare for their return were crucial to their success. Their strategic planning and commitment to their cause were evident in their actions and decisions.
175 The Pandavas faced various trials and tribulations as they continued their journey. Their resilience and determination were key factors in their progress and eventual success.
176 The Pandavas' strategic alliances and preparations played a significant role in their quest. Their ability to navigate complex situations and maintain their commitment to dharma were crucial to their journey.
177 As the Pandavas neared their goal, their efforts to reclaim their kingdom intensified. Their strategic planning and alliances were essential to their success in the upcoming battles.
178 The Pandavas' preparations and strategic planning continued as they approached the final stages of their journey. Their commitment to their cause and their ability to overcome obstacles were evident in their actions.
179 The Pandavas' final preparations for reclaiming their kingdom were marked by significant events and challenges. Their strategic planning and alliances played a crucial role in their success.
180 The Pandavas' journey reached its climax as they prepared for the ultimate battle to reclaim their kingdom. Their unwavering commitment to dharma and their strategic prowess were pivotal in their quest for victory.
 
 
 
 
11 Swayamvara Parva 9 27.5 22:55
181 Vasishtha continued the story, revealing Aurva's thirst for vengeance against the Kshatriyas who slaughtered his ancestors. Despite restoring the princes' sight, Aurva sought destruction, but his ancestors, the Pitris, urged him to control his wrath and follow a path of peace and wisdom.
182 Aurva refused to relent, arguing his wrath was just and necessary. The Pitris suggested a compromise: cast his fiery wrath into the waters, sparing the worlds. Aurva agreed, transforming the fire into Vadavamukha, which consumes the ocean's waters. The Pitris praised his decision, urging him to spare the worlds.
183 Parasara performed a Rakshasa sacrifice, slaying many, but Pulastya and other Rishis intervened, urging him to end the sacrifice and choose peace, reminding him his father's fate was a result of his own actions.
184 King Kalmashapada, under a curse, devoured a Brahmana and was cursed by the Brahmani to die if he united with his wife. Instead, Vasishtha would father a son with the queen, perpetuating the royal lineage.
185 The Pandavas sought a priest and were directed to Dhaumya, a Veda-knowing Brahmana at Utkochaka. They installed him as their priest, receiving his blessings. Dhaumya, a master of the Vedas, became their spiritual preceptor, seeing them as already restored to their kingdom.
186 The Pandavas met Brahmanas on their way to Panchala, who invited them to Draupadi's Swayamvara, a grand festival where princes would gather to win her hand. The Brahmanas described Draupadi's beauty and the festivities, and the Pandavas joined them, eager to behold her and partake in the celebrations.
187 The Pandavas arrived in Panchala, staying in a potter's house. King Drupada proclaimed the Swayamvara, where the winner would marry his daughter Krishna. Many kings and Rishis attended, and Dhrishtadyumna announced the rules: shooting a mark with five arrows would win her hand.
188 Dhrishtadyumna presented the assembled kings and princes, including the Kauravas and Karna, to compete for Draupadi's hand. Many prominent figures from the Mahabharata were included, showcasing the grandeur of the Swayamvara ceremony. Draupadi had a diverse range of suitors to choose from, each with unique qualities and strengths.
189 Princes gathered to win Draupadi's hand, driven by pride and desire. Krishna and Valadeva saw the Pandavas' strength, but others were blinded by desire. One by one, they failed to string the bow, including Karna, Sisupala, Jarasandha, and Salya. The assembly ridiculed them, and Arjuna stepped forward, causing tension and anticipation among the celestial beings.
190 Arjuna, the high-souled Jishnu, arose and advanced towards the bow. Some Brahmanas doubted him, but others saw his strength and resolution. He strung the bow in an instant, shot the mark, and won Draupadi's hand, amidst joy and celebration from the gods and the amphitheatre.
191 Enraged monarchs plotted to slay Drupada and his son, but Bhima and Arjuna stood ready to defend. Bhima uprooted a tree, while Arjuna drew his bow. Krishna and Valadeva recognized the Pandavas, praising their feats. The Pandavas, ready to face danger, stood strong, their bond and bravery evident.
192 Arjuna and Bhima, disguised as Brahmanas, fought Karna and Salya. Their skills impressed all, with Bhima overpowering Salya. The monarchs, wondering if they were Pandavas, retreated. Krishna intervened, ending the fight. Kunti, anxious about her sons' delay, was relieved by their safe return, their true identities still hidden.
193 Kunti mistakenly told her sons to enjoy "alms" (Draupadi). Yudhishthira suggested Arjuna marry her, but he refused, citing virtue. The brothers agreed to share her as wife, avoiding conflict. Krishna and Valadeva arrived, recognized them, and rejoiced, praising their strength and resilience.
194 Dhrishtadyumna secretly observed the Pandavas at the potter's house. Kunti instructed Draupadi on sharing food and bedding among the brothers. In the morning, Dhrishtadyumna reported to King Drupada, revealing the Pandavas' identity and their noble conversation, alleviating Drupada's concerns about his daughter's union.
 
 
 
 
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195 Dhrishtadyumna told King Drupada about the Pandavas' prowess and noble conversation. He described how Arjuna won Draupadi's hand and how they lived together, sharing food and bedding. The king's priest confirmed their identity as Pandu's sons, fulfilling Drupada's desire to unite Arjuna with his daughter.
196 King Drupada prepared a grand feast for Draupadi's wedding and invited the Pandavas. They arrived, and Kunti and Draupadi were welcomed. The Pandavas, dressed in deer-skins, sat fearlessly on costly seats, enjoyed a grand meal, and showed interest in the utensils of war. Drupada was overjoyed, understanding them to be of royal blood.
197 King Drupada asked Yudhishthira about their identity, and Yudhishthira revealed they were Pandu's sons, who won Draupadi's hand. Drupada was overjoyed, vowing to restore Yudhishthira to his throne. He offered Draupadi to Arjuna, but Yudhishthira insisted they share wives, citing their mother's wishes. Drupada agreed, and the matter was put off until the next day, with Vyasa's arrival.
198 Vyasa arrived and was revered by all. Drupada asked about the propriety of one woman marrying five men, citing its contradiction to tradition and the Vedas. Vyasa asked for each person's opinion, and the group discussed the matter, with Yudhishthira arguing it was virtuous and Kunti supporting him, while Drupada and Dhrishtadyumna expressed reservations.
199 Vyasa told Drupada that the Pandavas were former Indras, reborn due to their pride. Draupadi, born from the earth, was celestial Sri, appointed as their common wife. Drupada was granted celestial sight, beholding the Pandavas in their former glory, and was amazed by Vyasa's revelation.
200 Drupada accepted the fate ordained by the gods and proceeded with the wedding. Yudhishthira married Krishna first, followed by his brothers. The ceremony took place on an auspicious day, with the moon in the Pushya constellation. Drupada gifted the Pandavas with wealth, cars, elephants, and servants.
 
 
 
 
13 Viduragamana Parva 8 21.6 18
201 Kunti blessed Krishna, wishing her happiness, prosperity, and devotion to her husbands. Krishna received gifts from Hari, including gold ornaments, robes, blankets, vessels, servants, elephants, and horses. Yudhishthira accepted the gifts with joy, gratifying Govinda. The occasion marked a new chapter in the Pandavas' lives, with Krishna as their queen.
202 Monarchs who gathered for Draupadi's self-choice were shocked to learn she married the Pandavas, thought to have perished in the house of lac. Duryodhana and brothers returned to Hastinapura, ashamed and depressed. Vidura was overjoyed, informing Dhritarashtra of the truth, but the blind king initially misunderstood.
203 Dhritarashtra sought advice from Duryodhana and Karna to weaken the Pandavas without alerting Vidura. Duryodhana proposed strategies like sowing discord, bribery, and assassination, targeting Bhima, the Pandavas' strongest warrior.
204 Karna advised Duryodhana to use force to defeat the Pandavas, as subtle strategies would fail. He believed the Pandavas were invulnerable and their allies would remain loyal. Dhritarashtra applauded Karna's words and called a council to determine the best course of action.
205 Bhishma advised Dhritarashtra to make peace with the Pandavas, giving them half the kingdom, as they were equally entitled. He warned Duryodhana that refusing to share would lead to dishonor and evil consequences.
206 missing
207 Vidura urged Dhritarashtra to listen to Bhishma and Drona, who were impartial and truthful. He said the Pandavas were equally entitled to the kingdom and warned that they were invincible in battle. Vidura advised Dhritarashtra to behave virtuously and secure the alliance of Drupada and the Dasarhas, led by Krishna.
208 Dhritarashtra acknowledged the Pandavas as his sons and ordered Vidura to bring them to Hastinapura. Vidura arrived at Drupada's abode, conveyed the message, and gave the Pandavas jewels and wealth. He requested Drupada to permit their return, emphasizing the Kurus' eagerness to reunite with them.
209 Drupada agreed to let the Pandavas return to Hastinapura. They journeyed there with Krishna and Vidura, receiving a warm welcome from the Kauravas and the citizens. They worshipped Dhritarashtra and Bhishma, then rested in their chambers. Later, Dhritarashtra offered them half the kingdom, which they accepted, and built the city of Indraprastha, a second heaven.
 
 
 
 
14 Rajya-labha Parva 5 18.9 15:45
210 Janamejaya asked about the Pandavas' life in Indraprastha. Vaisampayana replied that they lived happily, ruled virtuously, and discharged duties together. Narada visited, advising them to avoid disunion, telling the story of Sunda and Upasunda, who killed each other over Tilottama.
211 Narada told Yudhishthira about Sunda and Upasunda, brothers who performed ascetic penances to gain boons from Brahman. They sought knowledge, strength, and powers of illusion, but Brahman refused immortality, making them vulnerable only to each other. They returned to their city, where they were greeted with joy and celebration, and lived happily, their bond strong.
212 Narada described the conquest of the three worlds by Sunda and Upasunda, who slaughtered Brahmanas and royal sages, causing chaos and devastation. The earth became desolate, sacrifices ceased, and people lived in terror. The Sun, Moon, and stars grieved at the destruction. The brothers' reign was marked by cruelty and darkness, devoid of dharma and righteousness.
213 Narada described how Brahman created Tilottama, a celestial maiden of extraordinary beauty, to tempt the Asura brothers Sunda and Upasunda. Her beauty captivated the gaze of all, including Mahadeva, who grew a thousand eyes to behold her. With her mission underway, the celestials considered the task already accomplished.
214 Narada told the Pandavas how the Asura brothers, Sunda and Upasunda, quarreled over Tilottama's beauty and killed each other. He cautioned the Pandavas against similar strife over Draupadi, prompting them to establish a rule to avoid conflict and ensure harmony among themselves.
 
 
 
 
15 Arjuna-vanavasa Parva 6 14.2 41:40
215 Arjuna protected a Brahmana's cattle, then exiled himself for 12 years due to entering Yudhishthira's chamber, violating their rule. Yudhishthira tried to dissuade him, but Arjuna upheld truth and virtue, departing to the forest, showcasing his unwavering dedication to duty.
216 Arjuna, taken by Ulupi to the underwater palace, was asked to gratify her desire. Bound by his vow, he refused, but Ulupi's words moved him. He acquiesced, spent the night with her, and received a boon making him invincible in water, showcasing his compassion and commitment to virtue.
217 Arjuna visited sacred regions, performed rituals, and gave away wealth. He met King Chitravahana and his daughter Chitrangada in Manipura, desired to marry her, and accepted the condition that their son would perpetuate the king's race. He stayed for three years, until Chitrangada gave birth to a son, then continued his journey.
218 Arjuna bathed in sacred Saubhadra, despite warnings. A crocodile seized his leg, but he dragged it ashore, and it transformed into Varga, an Apsara. She was cursed for disturbing a Brahmana's meditation, but Arjuna freed her, restoring her celestial form.
219 Varga and her companions, cursed by a Brahmana, were transformed into crocodiles. Narada told them Arjuna would free them. Arjuna restored their celestial forms, and they thanked him, departing joyful. He then reunited with Chitrangada and their son in Manipura, continuing his journey to Gokarna.
220 Arjuna and Krishna reunited at Prabhasa, sharing stories and enjoying performances at Raivataka mountain. They rode a golden chariot to Dwaraka, where the city was adorned to honor Arjuna, and he received a warm welcome from the citizens and his peers, residing in Krishna's mansion for many days.
 
 
 
 
16 Subhadra-harana Parva 2 5.6 4:40
5-221 At the Raivataka mountain festival, Krishna and Arjuna enjoyed the festivities, but Arjuna was captivated by Krishna's sister, Bhadra. Krishna offered to help him win her hand, suggesting a forcible abduction, as self-choice was uncertain. They informed Yudhishthira, who agreed to the plan, setting the stage for a dramatic marriage.
5-222 Arjuna abducted Subhadra, Krishna's sister, with Krishna's consent, sparking outrage among the Yadavas. Valadeva rebuked them for acting without Krishna's counsel, and they awaited his decision, eager for battle. Valadeva denounced Arjuna's actions, vowing to destroy the Kauravas if necessary, and the assembly roared in approval, awaiting Krishna's response.
 
 
 
 
17 Haranaharana Parva 1 8.9 7:25
5-223 Krishna and other Vrishni heroes attended Arjuna's wedding to Subhadra in Indraprastha, bringing many gifts. Subhadra gave birth to Abhimanyu, a great warrior who acquired knowledge from his father and Krishna. Draupadi's five sons, each from a different husband, also became great warriors. The Pandavas were filled with joy, having obtained sons equal to the children of the celestials.
 
 
 
 
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5-224 The Pandavas ruled Indraprastha with balance and virtue, bringing happiness to their subjects. Arjuna and Krishna went to the Yamuna River, enjoying food, drink, and music with friends. The women, including Draupadi and Subhadra, sported and gave away costly items. A radiant Brahmana approached Arjuna and Krishna, who rose to await his commands.
5-225 Agni, satiated after 12 years of clarified butter, lost his strength and went to Brahman for help. He was told to consume Khandava forest to regain his strength. Despite seven attempts, Agni was thwarted by the forest's creatures until Arjuna and Krishna helped him succeed, fending off Indra's showers and escaping creatures.
5-226 Agni, still ailing, sought Brahman's advice and was directed to Arjuna and Krishna. Agni requested their help in consuming the Khandava forest, despite Indra's protection. Arjuna asked for suitable weapons and a car, and Agni granted their requests, pleased with their willingness to help.
5-227 Agni granted Arjuna and Krishna divine weapons and a celestial car. Arjuna received Gandiva, two quivers, and a car with a fierce ape flag. Krishna received a discus and mace. With these, they prepared to help Agni consume the Khandava forest, surrounded by flames, ready to fight any foe.
5-228 Arjuna and Krishna slaughtered creatures in the Khandava forest, preventing escape. The forest burned, creatures ran about, scorched and burnt. Indra showered rain, but the heat dried it up. The forest continued to burn, filled with smoke and lightning, despite Indra's heavier downpour.
5-229 Arjuna and Krishna fought against Indra and the celestials, deflecting their attacks with their weapons. Agni blazed forth, filling the universe with his roar. The battle raged on, with both sides showing great prowess, until the celestials retreated in fear. Indra showered Arjuna with stones and hurled a mountain peak at him, but Arjuna deflected them with his arrows.
5-230 Krishna and Arjuna fought against the celestials, including Indra, to protect the forest of Khandava. They emerged victorious, with Krishna's discus and Arjuna's arrows slaughtering hundreds. The celestials retreated, and Indra praised them, acknowledging their invincibility. The forest was consumed by fire, with Agni being gratified by the sacrifice.
5-231 The Sarngakas were spared from the forest fire due to their father Mandapala's praise and requests to Agni. Mandapala, a Rishi, had assumed their form to beget offspring and gratified Agni, who spared his children in their eggs.
5-232 Jarita, the mother bird, was distraught as the forest fire approached, threatening her four infant sons. The infants urged her to save herself, ensuring their race's continuation. They refused to enter a nearby mouse hole, fearing the mouse, and chose to face the fire, considering it a more noble death.
5-233 Jarita tried to convince her sons to enter a hole to escape the fire, but they refused, fearing other mice might be inside. They encouraged her to save herself and find a new husband, saying they would attain felicity if consumed by the fire. Jarita left them and flew to safety, leaving them to face the flames.
5-234 The four brothers praised Agni's power and importance, asking for his protection. Drona requested that Agni spare their lives and consume the troublesome cats instead. Agni, pleased with their words, agreed to spare their lives and burn the forest, saving them.
5-235 Mandapala worried about his children's safety from the fire, but his second wife Lapita accused him of still being attached to his first wife Jarita. Jarita arrived, reunited with their children, and rebuked Mandapala for abandoning her. Mandapala warned that women cannot be trusted, citing Arundhati's jealousy. Eventually, the children worshiped him, and he spoke kindly to them.
5-236 Mandapala reunited with his family, and Agni, pleased with Arjuna and Krishna's help, offered boons. Arjuna asked for Indra's weapons, and Krishna asked for eternal friendship. Indra granted their wishes and ascended to heaven. Agni praised Arjuna and Krishna, granting them freedom to go wherever they chose.
 
 
 
 

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1 Sabhakriya 4 13 10:50
1 Maya Danava, grateful to Arjuna, offered to build a palace for Yudhishthira. Krishna requested a magnificent sabha with a combination of godly, asuric, and human designs. Maya built a celestial-like palace, impressing the Pandavas. He then performed rites and measured out a plot for a grand palace.
2 Krishna bid farewell to the Pandavas, embracing them emotionally. He performed rites, worshipped gods and Brahmanas, and distributed gifts. As he left, the Pandavas gazed at him until out of sight. Krishna reached Dwaraka, welcomed by Satyaki and Daruka, and entered Rukmini's apartments after worshipping his parents and saluting his brother.
3 Maya Danava built a palace for the Pandavas with columns of gold, occupying 5,000 cubits. He retrieved a club and conch-shell from lake Vindu and placed a tank with lotuses and crystal stairs inside. The palace grounds had tall trees, artificial woods, and tanks with swans and ducks, creating a charming environment.
4 King Yudhishthira entered the palace, accompanied by athletes, mimes, and bards. Rishis and kings, including Asita and Markandeya, attended. Kshatriyas like Mujaketu and Ugrasena were present, along with Gandharvas and Apsaras entertaining with music. The assembly was like a heavenly conference, filled with laughter and conversation.
 
 
 
 
2 Lokapala Sabhakhayana 9 46.2 38:30
1 King Yudhishthira entered the palace, surrounded by dignitaries. The grand hall was filled with laughter and music, as athletes, mimes, and bards entertained. Rishis, kings, and Kshatriyas were present, along with Gandharvas and Apsaras singing celestial tunes. The palace was adorned with precious stones and beautiful paintings.
2 King Yudhishthira asked Narada about assembly rooms like his, built of gems. Narada replied he hadn't seen one like it, but would describe the rooms of Yama, Varuna, Indra, Kuvera, and Brahma, exhibiting celestial and human designs, worshipped by gods and ascetics. Yudhishthira eagerly asked Narada to describe them.
3 Narada described Indra's celestial assembly room, built by Indra himself, as a place of great beauty and splendor. It's filled with celestial trees, rooms, and seats, and attended by various beings, including Marutas, Siddhyas, and celestial Rishis. Indra sits on a throne with his wife Sachi, surrounded by beauty, fame, and glory.
4 Narada described Yama's assembly house, built by Viswakarma, as a place of beauty and splendor. Many royal sages, Brahmanas, and Gandharvas worship Yama there. The mansion is filled with celestial trees, fruits, and fragrances, and is a place of joy, music, and dance. Over a hundred kings and many sages, including Agastya and Matanga, are present.
5 Narada described Varuna's Sabha as a place of unparalleled splendor, built by Viswakarma. It's surrounded by gem-made trees and plants, and various birds and snakes worship Varuna. Many Daityas and Danavas, oceans, rivers, and mountains also worship him. Gandharvas and Apsaras sing hymns, and Sunabha attends with his sons.
6 Narada described Vaisravana's assembly house, built by his ascetic power. It's a hundred yojanas long, supported by Guhyakas, and filled with celestial beauty, music, and dance. Vaisravana sits with his thousand wives, attended by deities, Gandharvas, Apsaras, and Yakshas, including Mahadeva, who worships him as a friend.
7 Narada described Brahma's assembly house as a celestial mansion defying description. It's a place of delight, where hunger and fatigue disappear. Brahma sits there, surrounded by gods, goddesses, planets, stars, and sages. The four Vedas, sciences, and histories are present. The Wheel of Time and Virtue are always there. Goddesses worship Brahma, who gratifies all with sweet speech and gifts. The Sabha is crowded, energetic, and worshipped by Brahmarshis, unrivalled in all worlds.
8 Narada told Yudhishthira about King Harishchandra's greatness, achieved through conquests and the Rajasuya sacrifice. He conveyed Pandu's message, urging Yudhishthira to perform the sacrifice to subjugate the earth and join his ancestors in Indra's region. However, he warned of potential obstacles and risks. With that, Narada departed, leaving Yudhishthira to consider the sacrifice.
9 Yudhishthira wanted to perform the Rajasuya sacrifice, but sought Krishna's guidance, knowing his wisdom and impartiality. He discussed it with his brothers and counselors, who encouraged him, but wanted Krishna's advice to ensure the sacrifice's success and benefit for all.
 
 
 
 
3 Rajasuyarambha 6 23.6 19:40
1 Krishna told Yudhishthira that Jarasandha, who had conquered many kings, was an obstacle to performing the Rajasuya sacrifice. He suggested releasing the imprisoned kings and defeating Jarasandha to succeed. Krishna shared how his people fled Mathura due to Jarasandha's oppression and rebuilt Dwaravati, making it impregnable.
2 Yudhishthira praised Krishna's intelligence, expressing doubts about performing the Rajasuya sacrifice due to Jarasandha's power. Krishna urged Yudhishthira to oppose Jarasandha, promising victory would bring great renown and the title of emperor.
3 Yudhishthira feared for the safety of Krishna, Bhima, and Arjuna if sent to fight Jarasandha. Arjuna argued that valor and prowess are essential for success and encouraged Yudhishthira to undertake the challenge, promising ease in gaining the imperial dignity if they succeed.
4 Krishna told Yudhishthira about Jarasandha's birth. A king's two wives ate a magical mango, conceived, and gave birth to half-bodies. A Rakshasa woman united the fragments, forming a strong child. The king and queens reclaimed him, naming him Jarasandha, who grew up with extraordinary strength and prowess.
5 Jara, a Rakshasa woman, united the king's son's fragmentary bodies, bringing him to life. She revealed her true identity and purpose, then disappeared, leaving the king to name the child Jarasandha. The child grew strong, like a fire fueled by libations, bringing joy to his parents.
6 Chandakausika prophesied Jarasandha's greatness, saying he'd surpass all kings and be unbeatable. Jarasandha ruled wisely, but became Krishna's enemy after Krishna killed King Kansa. He hurled a mace towards Mathura, showing his strength, and had two powerful supporters, Hansa and Dimvaka.
 
 
 
 
4 Jarasandhta-badha 12 45.8 38:10
1 Krishna, Arjuna, and Bhima, disguised as Brahmanas, set out to defeat Jarasandha. Yudhishthira praised Krishna's leadership, and the trio's combined strength made them unstoppable. They journeyed through various lands, finally arriving in Magadha to face Jarasandha, who was believed to be already defeated.
2 Krishna, Arjuna, and Bhima entered Magadha's capital, Girivraja, disguised as Brahmanas. They broke the Chaityaka peak, a symbol of the city's strength, and walked through the city, admiring its beauty. Jarasandha received them with respect, but Krishna revealed their true intentions at midnight, challenging him to a fight.
3 Krishna revealed their true identities and challenged Jarasandha to a fight, accusing him of wrongful capture and intended sacrifice of other kings. Jarasandha defended his actions as a Kshatriya's duty and refused to liberate the captive monarchs, choosing to fight instead.
4 Krishna asked Jarasandha to choose his opponent, and he chose Bhima. The two engaged in a fierce wrestling match, using various techniques. They fought for 13 days without food or rest, until Jarasandha showed signs of fatigue. Bhima delivered a final blow, killing Jarasandha and emerging victorious.
5 Krishna, Bhima, and Arjuna defeated Jarasandha, freeing Krishna's relatives. They rode in Jarasandha's celestial car, worshiped by the people of Magadha. Krishna supported Yudhishthira's Rajasuya sacrifice and installed Jarasandha's son as the new king. Returning to Indraprastha, they were welcomed by Yudhishthira, and the Pandavas lived happily, their fame growing.
6 Arjuna proposed conquering the north to fill their treasury, and Yudhishthira gave his blessing. Arjuna and his brothers set out, conquering their respective directions, while Yudhishthira stayed in Khandavaprastha. Bhagadatta offered his support to Arjuna, asking how he could help.
7 Arjuna conquered various kingdoms and tribes in the north, exacting tributes and uniting with kings. He defeated rulers and tribes, including Vrihanta, Senavindu, Puru king, Kashmira, and others, obtaining valuable tributes like exceptional horses. He ultimately arrived at the White mountains, having conquered all Himalayas and Nishkuta mountains.
8 Arjuna conquered Limpurushas and Guhakas, subdued Gandharvas at lake Manasa, and obtained excellent horses. He avoided North Harivarsha, but received tribute for Yudhishthira, returning to Sakraprastha with wealth and animals.
9 Bhimasena marched east, conquering various kingdoms, appointing Sudharman as commander, and defeating Rochamana. He then conquered Pulinda and finally marched against Sisupala, who received him respectfully and offered his kingdom.
10 Bhima conquered various kingdoms, defeating powerful kings like Suvahu, Kratha, Janaka, and Karna. He subjugated the Sakas, barbarians, Kiratas, and Mlechchha tribes, exacting tributes and wealth, including sandalwood, gems, and pearls. Returning to Indraprastha, he offered the wealth to Yudhishthira.
11 Sahadeva conquered many kings and tribes, including Surasenas, Matsyas, Patacharas, Nishadas, and others. He defeated king Nila with Agni's help and made the Kerakas, a one-legged tribe, pay tribute. He also conquered various countries and received tribute from the Yavanas and Vibhishana, king of Lanka, before returning to his kingdom and presenting his wealth to Yudhisthira.
12 Nakula conquered the western direction, defeating various tribes and kingdoms, including the Mattamyurakas, Dasarnas, and others. He subdued the Mlechcha tribes, wild tribes like the Palhavas and Kiratas, and made them pay tributes. Nakula's conquests included the countries of Rohitaka and the five rivers region, and he returned to Indraprastha with a vast treasure.
 
 
 
 
5 Rajasuyika 7 23 19:10
1 Yudhishthira's kingdom prospered under his just rule, with abundant rainfall and prosperous cities. He decided to perform a grand sacrifice, and Krishna arrived with treasure to encourage him. The sacrifice was performed with grandeur, attended by numerous kings and Brahmanas, and Yudhishthira generously gifted cows, gold, and treasures to the Brahmanas.
2 Nakula invites Bhishma, Dhritarashtra, and other Kuru elders to Yudhishthira's sacrifice. Many kings and princes attend, including Karna, Salya, and Bhagadatta, with their retinues. The Vrishnis also come. Yudhishthira assigns grand mansions to the visiting monarchs, who are worshiped and entertained with feasts and gifts. The sacrifice is performed with grandeur, with large gifts to Brahmanas.
3 Yudhishthira asks for help from Bhishma, Drona, Kripa, and others in conducting the Rajasuya sacrifice. He appoints them to various tasks. Kings bring tributes and honor Yudhishthira with jewels. The sacrificial compound is grand, with palaces and celestial cars. Yudhishthira commences the sacrifice with generous gifts, gratifying everyone.
4 Narada recognizes Krishna as the supreme lord Narayana, born to fulfill a promise to the celestials. Bhishma suggests offering Arghya to the kings, with Krishna first. Yudhishthira agrees, but Sisupala objects, rebuking Bhishma and Yudhishthira. The assembly is filled with tension as Sisupala's criticism sparks a debate about Krishna's worthiness of worship.
5 Sisupala criticizes Yudhishthira for worshipping Krishna, citing his lack of royal insignia and past actions. He accuses Yudhishthira of acting out of motives of gain and insults Krishna, comparing him to a dog lapping up clarified butter. Sisupala argues that Krishna doesn't deserve the first worship, and leaves the assembly in protest, accompanied by other kings.
6 Bhishma defends Krishna's worthiness of worship, citing his unmatched strength, wisdom, and accomplishments. He notes that many warriors have been vanquished by Krishna and that he is the origin and dissolution of the universe. Bhishma rebukes Sisupala for his ignorance and immaturity, urging him to recognize Krishna's supremacy.
7 Sahadeva declares devotion to Krishna, offering to place his foot on heads of kings who refuse to acknowledge Krishna's worthiness. The assembly remains silent, and a divine voice approves. Sisupala, enraged, rallies kings to oppose Vrishnis and Pandavas, seeking to disrupt sacrifice and withhold approval of Krishna's worship.
 
 
 
 
6 Sisupala-badha 42 146.2 2:01:50
1Yudhishthira seeks Bhishma's counsel as kings angrily protest Krishna's worship. Bhishma compares them to dogs barking at a sleeping lion (Krishna), and warns Sisupala's ignorance will lead to downfall. Sisupala responds with harsh words.
2Sisupala criticizes Bhishma, accusing him of hypocrisy and ignorance. He mocks Bhishma's praise of Krishna, citing his actions as a child and killing of Kansa. Sisupala brings up Bhishma's past, including abducting Amba and his celibacy, taunting him about his flawed morality and fruitless virtue. He tells a story of a deceitful swan, warning Bhishma of a similar fate.
3Sisupala ridicules Krishna, calling him a coward and a slave, and criticizes Bhima and Arjuna. He insults Bhishma, saying he leads the Pandavas astray. Bhima is enraged, but Bhishma calms him down, urging self-control. Sisupala taunts Bhima, challenging him to fight, boasting of his own prowess. Bhishma intervenes, speaking words of wisdom, urging patience and restraint. The tension is palpable, and the monarchs watch with bated breath.
4Bhishma tells the story of Sisupala's birth with three eyes and four arms, and how his parents were instructed to raise him despite ominous signs. Krishna caused the prophecy to come true, and the queen begged him to spare Sisupala's life. Krishna agreed to pardon his offenses, despite Sisupala's wicked nature. Bhishma shares this story to illustrate Sisupala's history and his reliance on Krishna's mercy.
5The king of Chedi, enraged by Bhishma's praise of Krishna, questions why he doesn't praise other powerful kings and warriors. He accuses Bhishma of being ignorant and foolish for constantly praising Krishna. Bhishma responds, saying he doesn't regard the kings as equal to even a straw, and dares anyone who wishes for death to summon Krishna to battle.
6Krishna kills Sisupala with his discus, forgiving his 100 offenses. The assembled kings are amazed as Sisupala's energy enters Krishna's body. Yudhishthira completes the Rajasuya sacrifice, and the kings depart. Krishna returns to Dwaraka, advising Yudhishthira to cherish his subjects. Duryodhana and Sakuni plot their next move, filled with anger and jealousy. The scene marks the end of the Rajasuya sacrifice and the beginning of a new era of tension.
7Vyasa appears before Yudhishthira, congratulating him on the Rajasuya sacrifice. Yudhishthira asks about the portents, and Vyasa predicts the destruction of Kshatriyas in 13 years due to Duryodhana's sins and Bhima and Arjuna's might. Vyasa departs, leaving Yudhishthira anxious. Arjuna persuades him to live virtuously, avoiding conflict. Yudhishthira takes a vow to live in harmony, and his brothers approve.
8Duryodhana, filled with jealousy, mistakes crystal surfaces for water and doors for open passages, causing him to fall and injure himself. He is laughed at by the Pandavas and returns to Hastinapore, his heart burning with envy and resentment towards their prosperity. He confides in Sakuni, expressing his desire to die or take drastic measures.
9Sakuni advises Duryodhana to challenge Yudhishthira to a game of dice, exploiting his weakness for gambling. He promises to win Yudhishthira's kingdom and prosperity for Duryodhana, boasting of his exceptional skill at dice.
10Duryodhana, jealous of Yudhishthira's prosperity, plots with Sakuni to challenge him to a game of dice. Sakuni promises to win Yudhishthira's kingdom and prosperity for Duryodhana, exploiting his weakness for gambling. Despite knowing the risks, Dhritarashtra allows the game, believing fate will determine the outcome. Vidura warns of potential dangers, but his words are ignored, setting the stage for a disastrous sequence of events.
11Duryodhana, jealous of Yudhishthira's prosperity, confides in Dhritarashtra, recounting instances where he felt belittled and mocked by the Pandavas. He seeks revenge, determined to surpass Yudhishthira, despite warnings from Dhritarashtra and Vidura. His pride and ego wounded, Duryodhana sets the stage for a devastating conflict.
12Duryodhana describes the wealth brought to Yudhishthira's court, including skins, blankets, horses, serving girls, gold, silver, and jewels from various kings and tribes, fueling his jealousy and desire for revenge.
13Duryodhana describes Yudhishthira's court, filled with extravagant wealth, including gold, skins, serving girls, and precious stones. Even Gandharvas and Vrishnis have presented tribute. Yudhishthira's power and generosity are evident, fueling Duryodhana's jealousy. The court has a vast retinue of servants and soldiers, with 88,000 Brahmanas and 10,000 ascetics receiving support. Only Panchalas, Andhakas, and Vrishnis don't pay tribute due to close relationships.
14Duryodhana describes Yudhishthira's grand Rajasuya sacrifice, where kings and sages gathered to pay tribute. He recounts the gifts and services offered, feeling jealous and distressed by Yudhishthira's prosperity, while his own family declines.
15Dhritarashtra advises Duryodhana to not be jealous of the Pandavas, as it leads to unhappiness. He encourages him to perform a sacrifice to gain dignity and wealth, and to be content with his own possessions. He values perseverance, humility, and protecting one's own earnings, and reminds Duryodhana that the Pandavas are his brothers and friends.
16Duryodhana scolds Dhritarashtra for inaction, citing examples from history and nature to stress the importance of competitiveness and strategic thinking. He's determined to surpass the Pandavas or die trying, seeing their prosperity as a threat to his own. Success is the ultimate criterion, and he's willing to do whatever it takes to achieve it.
17Sakuni offers to help Duryodhana win Yudhishthira's prosperity through a game of dice. Duryodhana convinces Dhritarashtra to allow the game, despite warnings of danger and destruction. A grand assembly house is built, and Yudhishthira is invited to play a friendly game of dice, setting the stage for a pivotal confrontation.
18Vidura warns Dhritarashtra that playing dice with Yudhishthira will lead to destruction and dissension among their sons, but Dhritarashtra resigns himself to fate and orders Vidura to summon Yudhishthira anyway.
19Vidura invites Yudhishthira to play a friendly game of dice in Hastinapore, but Yudhishthira is hesitant, knowing gambling can lead to quarrels. He agrees to go, citing fate, and asks about the other gamblers, including Sakuni, a skilled and desperate player. Yudhishthira sets out for Hastinapore with his relatives and is greeted by Kuru leaders, entering the assembly house for the fateful game.
20Yudhishthira is invited to play dice by Sakuni, but he's reluctant, calling gambling sinful and deceitful. Sakuni persuades him to play, arguing it's a common practice. Yudhishthira agrees, but only if the stakes are fair and equal. Duryodhana offers to supply the wealth, and Sakuni plays on his behalf.
21 The game of dice begins between Yudhishthira and Duryodhana, with Sakuni casting the dice. Yudhishthira stakes a wealth of pearls, while Duryodhana accepts the challenge without specifying his counter stake. Sakuni declares that he has won, indicating Yudhishthira's loss.
22 Yudhishthira stakes his wealth against Sakuni's unfair dice playing, offering: Royal car, Serving girls and men, Elephants, Cars and steeds, Warriors, Jewels. Each time, Sakuni declares "Lo, I have won!" using unfair means, depleting Yudhishthira's fortunes.
23 Vidura warns Dhritarashtra about Duryodhana's destructive nature, comparing him to a jackal in the house. He advises sacrificing a harmful member for the good of the family and cautions against pursuing the Pandavas for profit, lest he suffer regret. Vidura urges a peaceful relationship with the Pandavas, warning that even the chief of the celestials wouldn't dare fight them together.
24 Vidura warns Dhritarashtra that gambling will lead to destruction and cautions against quarreling with the Pandavas. He advises seeking wealth through legitimate means and valuing relationships over material gain. Vidura distrusts Sakuni's gambling skills and suggests sending him away to avoid conflict, but Dhritarashtra refuses to listen.
25 Duryodhana accuses Vidura of disloyalty, favoring the Pandavas. Vidura defends his guidance, saying a true friend speaks unpleasant truths. He warns Duryodhana of destruction, advises humility, and takes his leave, cautioning against provoking powerful enemies.
26 Sakuni taunts Yudhishthira, who stakes his brothers Bhima and Arjuna, and eventually himself, but Sakuni wins each time using unfair means. In a shocking turn, Sakuni suggests staking Draupadi, Yudhishthira's wife, to win back his losses. The assembly is outraged, with some expressing dismay and grief, while others mock Yudhishthira's misfortune.
27 Vidura rebukes Duryodhana for his cruel treatment of Draupadi, warning him that his actions will lead to the downfall of the Kuru dynasty. He emphasizes the importance of kindness, compassion, and honesty, and forewarns Duryodhana that his refusal to listen will hasten his own demise.
28 Vidura scolds Duryodhana for humiliating Draupadi, warning of the Kuru dynasty's downfall. He cautions that Duryodhana's jealousy and pride will lead to destruction, urging him to follow dharma. Vidura's words fall on deaf ears, setting the stage for devastating events.
29 Draupadi, humiliated and helpless, appeals to the assembly, lamenting her fate and questioning her status as a servant or princess. Bhishma, acknowledging the complexity of morality, declines to answer, praising Draupadi's commitment to virtue and suggesting Yudhishthira should decide her fate.
30 Duryodhana tells Draupadi her fate depends on her husbands, urging them to declare Yudhishthira isn't their lord, which would free her. Bhima responds, boasting of his strength, saying he could kill the Kauravas but is held back by respect for Yudhishthira and virtue.
31 Duryodhana taunts Draupadi, calling her a slave. Bhima vows to break Duryodhana's thigh in battle. Vidura warns of calamity, urging recognition of Yudhishthira's lost status. Dhritarashtra grants Draupadi two boons: Yudhishthira's freedom and his brothers' freedom with weapons and chariots.
32 Karna praises Draupadi, but Bhima's rage boils over, seeking to slay the Kauravas. Arjuna calms him, urging nobility, but Bhima's fury intensifies, flames seeming to issue from his body. Yudhishthira intervenes, embracing him, pleading for peace, and finally, Bhima's anger subsides.
33 Dhritarashtra advises Yudhishthira to rule with wisdom, humility, and peace, praising his virtues and those of his brothers. He encourages brotherly love and virtue, blessing them as they depart for Khandavaprastha, filled with hope for a bright future.
34 Duryodhana, Karna, and Sakuni manipulate Dhritarashtra to undo his decision, citing Vrihaspati's advice to destroy enemies. They propose a new dice game, with the winner claiming the throne and the loser facing exile. Dhritarashtra, blinded by love for his sons, summons the Pandavas back to play dice again.
35 Gandhari urges Dhritarashtra to abandon Duryodhana's evil ways, warning that wicked prosperity is fleeting, while virtue brings lasting success. However, Dhritarashtra, bound by paternal affection, refuses to listen, dooming their race to destruction.
36 Yudhishthira accepts Sakuni's proposal to play dice, despite knowing the risks. The assembly is dismayed as Sakuni wins, and Yudhishthira prepares to leave for exile, bound by his promise. The downfall of the Kuru dynasty is imminent, and the Pandavas' journey into exile will test their courage and loyalty.
37 The Pandavas, clad in deer-skins, prepare to depart for exile. Dussasana taunts them, calling them powerless. Bhima vows to slay Dussasana and Duryodhana, Arjuna pledges to kill Karna, and Sahadeva vows to slay Sakuni. Nakula swears to avenge Draupadi's humiliation and slay the sons of Dhritarashtra. The Pandavas depart, determined to fulfill their vows and reclaim their kingdom.
38 Yudhishthira bids a sorrowful farewell to his kin and allies, thanking Vidura for his guidance. Vidura offers words of encouragement, reminding Yudhishthira of his past lessons and urging him to remain virtuous in exile. With a final bow, Yudhishthira departs, embarking on a journey into the unknown.
39 Kunti bids a tearful farewell to her sons and Draupadi, lamenting their fate and her own helplessness. She recalls their virtues and begs Draupadi to care for Sahadeva. The Pandavas console her and depart for the forest, leaving behind their royal life. Vidura leads Kunti to his house, offering comfort. The royal household ladies and Dhritarashtra himself are filled with anxiety and grief, foreseeing the dangers ahead for the Pandavas.
40 Dhritarashtra asks Vidura about the Pandavas' departure. Vidura describes their gestures and symbols, revealing their emotions and intentions. Yudhishthira covers his face, Bhima displays strength, Arjuna scatters sand grains, and Draupadi mourns. Ominous portents appear, predicting the Kauravas' downfall. A celestial Rishi predicts their destruction in 14 years, and D uryodhana's pride and cruelty are seen as the causes of the impending doom.
41 2-6-41 Dhritarashtra confides in Sanjaya about his fears of battling the Pandavas. Sanjaya warns him of devastating consequences, recalling Draupadi's humiliation and the departure of wise counselors. He urges Dhritarashtra to unite the parties and avoid destruction, emphasizing the importance of virtue and wisdom. Dhritarashtra is torn between pride and peace, with the fate of the kingdom hanging in the balance.
 

 

 

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1 Aranyaka Parva 10 41.8 34:10
1 3-1 The citizens of Hastinapura follow the Pandavas, grieving and censuring Bhishma, Vidura, and Drona. The Pandavas ask them to return, entrusting their relatives' care. The citizens bid farewell, and the Pandavas continue their journey, spending the night under a banian tree, surrounded by Brahmanas.
2 3-2 Janamejaya asks Vaisampayana to tell the story of the Pandavas' exile. The Pandavas, defeated at dice, leave Hastinapura with Draupadi and servants. Citizens, grief-stricken and angry, follow them, pleading to stay. The Pandavas ask them to return, entrusting their relatives to their care. The citizens bid a tearful farewell, and the Pandavas continue to the Ganges, spending the night under a banian tree, surrounded by devoted Brahmanas.
3 3-3 Vaisampayana tells the story of Yudhishthira, who seeks refuge in the sun during exile. He recites a hymn of 108 names of Surya, and the sun grants him a boon: inexhaustible food and a copper vessel. The sun also promises Yudhishthira will regain his kingdom on the fourteenth year.
4 3-4 Vidura advises Dhritarashtra to make amends with the Pandavas, warning of destruction by Bhima and Arjuna if not. Dhritarashtra refuses, prioritizing his son, and dismisses Vidura's counsel. Vidura departs, foreseeing the Kuru race's downfall, lamenting the king's stubbornness, and fearing the consequences of their actions.
5 3-5 Vidura visits the Pandavas in exile, reassuring them of his good intentions. He shares his failed attempt to advise Dhritarashtra to make amends, warning that the king's stubbornness will lead to the Kuru race's downfall. Vidura offers Yudhishthira advice on building alliances and maintaining power, stressing truthfulness and humility. Yudhishthira gratefully accepts his guidance.
6 3-6 Dhritarashtra, regretful and longing for Vidura, sends Sanjaya to fetch him from exile. Vidura returns, forgives the king, and reunites with him, expressing concern for both Dhritarashtra's sons and the Pandavas. The brothers reunite happily, with Dhritarashtra praising Vidura's wisdom and morality.
7 3-7 Duryodhana, angry and anxious, plots with Sakuni, Karna, and Dussasana to kill the Pandavas in the forest. However, their plan is thwarted by the sage Krishna-Dwaipayana, who commands them to desist and warns of grave consequences. The sage then advises King Dhritarashtra to abandon his wicked ways and seek redemption.
8 3-8 Vyasa urges Dhritarashtra to restrain Duryodhana, warning that his evil plans will lead to downfall. He suggests Duryodhana live with the Pandavas, hoping association will foster attachment and goodwill. Vyasa emphasizes timely action, seeking opinions from Bhishma, Drona, and Vidura.
9 3-9 Dhritarashtra confesses to Vyasa that he was helpless to stop the gambling match, drawn in by fate and paternal affection for Duryodhana. Vyasa shares a story highlighting the importance of compassion towards weaker offspring, urging Dhritarashtra to make peace with the Pandavas for the sake of the Kauravas' well-being.
10 3-10 Maitreya urges Dhritarashtra to make peace with the Pandavas, warning of their bravery and strength. Duryodhana refuses to listen, angering Maitreya, who curses him to be struck down by Bhima in battle. Dhritarashtra tries to appease Maitreya, but he departs, leaving Vidura to relay the story of Kirmira's defeat at Bhima's hands.
 
 
 
 
2 Kirmirabadha Parva 1 7.6 6:20
11 3-11 Vidura recounts Bhima's epic battle with Kirmira, a fearsome Rakshasa seeking revenge for Bhima's past victories. The two engage in a ferocious fight, with Bhima emerging victorious and rid the forest of its terror, proving his bravery and lifting the Pandavas' spirits.
 
 
 
 
3 Arjunabhigamana Parva 26 113.1 1:34:15
12 3-12 Krishna regrets not being present to prevent the Pandavas' downfall, vowing he would have counselled against dice and used force if necessary. He blames his absence and hastens to meet them, expressing sorrow and solidarity, and reaffirms his support for the righteous brothers.
13 3-13 Krishna regrets not preventing the gambling match, vowing to have stopped it by highlighting its evils and using force if necessary. He blames his absence for the Pandavas' downfall, hastens to their side, and offers comfort and support, reaffirming his solidarity in their time of need.
14 3-14 Krishna explains his absence from Dwaraka, revealing a mission to destroy Salwa's city. Salwa sought revenge for his brother's death, threatening Krishna's life and attacking Dwaraka. Krishna tracked Salwa down, defeated him and his Danava allies, and then rushed to Hastinapur upon learning of the Pandavas' distress in the gambling match.
15 3-15 Vasudeva describes Dwaraka's fortifications and defenses in detail, highlighting its strength and preparedness. The city was well-equipped with weapons, engines, and provisions, and its warriors were vigilant and ready to defend it. The city was surrounded by a trench and the land around it was made uneven, making it difficult for Salwa's army to approach. Vasudeva compares Dwaraka's strength to that of Indra's own city.
16 3-16 Vasudeva's sons, Pradyumna, Samva, and Charudeshna, bravely fight against Salwa's army. Samva defeats Kshemavriddhi, and Charudeshna kills Vivindhya. Despite their valor, the Yadavas waver when Salwa advances on his powerful car. Pradyumna rallies them, declaring he will defeat Salwa single-handedly, and the Yadavas continue to fight with renewed cheer.
17 3-17 Vasudeva describes Pradyumna's brave fight against Salwa, despite being wounded and falling senseless. Salwa thinks he has won, but Pradyumna's valor and armor save his life. Pradyumna ultimately emerges victorious, his bravery and strength inspiring awe. The battle is intense and fierce, with both sides displaying remarkable bravery and skill.
18 3-18 Pradyumna scolds his charioteer for fleeing, saying it's not the Vrishni way. He urges a return to battle, warning that retreat will bring shame and ridicule from Krishna, Baladeva, Satyaki, and others. Honor and bravery matter more than life, and he demands to be taken back to fight Salwa or die trying.
19 3-19 Vasudeva describes Pradyumna's charioteer skillfully guiding the horses back into battle, despite Salwa's attacks. Pradyumna showcases his prowess, dodging and cutting down weapons with ease. Celestials intervene, revealing Salwa's fate is to be killed by Krishna, not Pradyumna, who then spares his life.
20 3-20 Vasudeva (Krishna) recounts his epic battle with Salwa, who attacked Dwaraka. Despite his army and charioteer being overwhelmed, Vasudeva fought on, using divine weapons and counter-illusions. The battle raged on, with both sides unleashing chaos, until Vasudeva emerged victorious, destroying Salwa's car and killing him. He returned to Dwaraka, welcomed back with grand celebrations.
21 3-21 Vasudeva (Krishna) continues his epic battle with Salwa, using divine weapons to counter attacks. Despite being wounded, his charioteer Daruka remains loyal. A messenger arrives, bearing news of Vasudeva's father's death at Salwa's hands. Vasudeva is consumed by grief and rage, but regains consciousness and rises to face the enemy, driven by a desire for vengeance and justice.
22 3-22 Vasudeva (Krishna) defeats Salwa, returns to Dwaraka, and then visits the Pandavas in Hastinapura. He explains his delay, comforts Yudhishthira, and rejuvenates the Pandavas' spirits. After bidding farewell, Vasudeva departs with Subhadra and Abhimanyu, while the Brahmanas and citizens remain with the Pandavas, symbolizing hope and resistance in the face of adversity.
23 3-23 The Pandavas, accompanied by their priest and guards, journey into the forest, distributing gifts to Brahmanas. The citizens of Kurujangala bid farewell to Yudhishthira, praising his virtue and righteousness. Arjuna assures them that their exile will ultimately bring glory and defeat their enemies. With heavy hearts, the Brahmanas and others return to their homes, while the Pandavas continue their journey, ready to face challenges and hardships.
24 3-24 Yudhishthira asks his brothers to find a suitable spot in the forest to dwell for 12 years. Arjuna suggests Dwaitavana, a beautiful lake with abundant wildlife and virtuous inhabitants. They enter the sacred woods, beholding the forest's beauty, encountering ascetics and finding peace. Fatigued, they rest at a majestic tree, its branches bent with creepers, a symbol of strength and resilience.
25 3-25 Markandeya visits the Pandavas in the forest, sharing stories of Rama and other great kings who faced similar challenges. He encourages Yudhishthira to remain firm in his promises and predicts his ultimate victory, restoring his prosperity and glory. Markandeya's wisdom and guidance offer solace to the Pandavas, and he departs, leaving them to ponder his words.
26 3-26 Vaka, a revered Rishi, praises Yudhishthira for uniting Brahmana and Kshatriya customs. He stresses the importance of Brahmanas in a king's life, citing their role in conquering enemies and achieving salvation. Many prominent Brahmanas, including Dwaipayana and Narada, adore Yudhishthira, likening him to Indra in heaven, acknowledging his dedication to righteousness and leadership.
27 3-27 Krishna rebukes Yudhishthira for not showing anger, urging him to seek revenge against the Kauravas. She recalls their former glory, contrasting it with their current plight, and extols Bhima and Arjuna's strength. Krishna implores Yudhishthira to harness their might and vanquish their foes, emphasizing the importance of displaying fitting anger.
28 3-28 Prahlada teaches Vali that balance is key, as excessive forgiveness leads to exploitation, while excessive might leads to fear. He advises using both judiciously, forgiving minor offenses and punishing repeated ones. Draupadi urges Yudhishthira to act against the Kauravas, citing Prahlada's wisdom that forgiveness has its limits and strength must be shown.
29 3-29 Yudhishthira extols forgiveness as the supreme virtue, equivalent to Brahma, truth, and wisdom. He believes forgiveness will restore their kingdom, while anger leads to destruction. His speech highlights the transformative power of forgiveness, inviting all to embrace this sublime virtue, and illuminates its ability to triumph over adversity.
30 3-30 Draupadi lamented the fate that had befallen her and the Pandavas, questioning God's justice as the wicked prospered while the virtuous suffered. She cited Yudhishthira's unwavering dedication to virtue, expressing deep grief at the seeming futility of their efforts. Her words resonated with a sense of injustice, wonder, and eternal questions surrounding the human experience.
31 3-31 Yudhishthira emphasizes the importance of virtue, selflessly performing duties without attachment to consequences. He encourages faith and devotion, warning that doubt and transgression lead to darkness, while virtue and religion bring eternal bliss and immortality.
32 3-32 Draupadi urges Yudhishthira to act, stressing that success comes from effort, destiny, and chance. She encourages him to take action, citing examples of intelligent individuals achieving success through their efforts, while inaction leads to failure. She shares wisdom from a Brahmana and her father, highlighting the importance of prowess, planning, and adaptability in overcoming obstacles.
33 3-33 Bhimasena urges Yudhishthira to take action, emphasizing virtue, wealth, and might. He encourages strategic thinking and collective strength to defeat enemies and reclaim their kingdom, citing examples and analogies. With enthusiasm, he reminds Yudhishthira of their ancestors' legacy and duty to protect their people, calling for courage and determination to restore their honor.
34 3-34 Yudhishthira acknowledges Bhimasena's words, citing his own folly and Sakuni's cunning as the cause of their calamity. He honors his pledge to Duryodhana, prioritizing virtue and truth over reclaiming the kingdom. With a heavy heart, he expresses grief and helplessness, longing for the day they'll be reunited with their kingdom and honor restored.
35 3-35 Bhima urges Yudhishthira to reclaim their kingdom, emphasizing the fleeting nature of life and the importance of fame, honor, and valor. He criticizes Yudhishthira's passive nature, saying it's unbecoming of a king and warrior. Bhima expresses his own grief and desire for battle, speaking for their allies, and warns that delay will embolden their foes. He urges Yudhishthira to resolve to slay their enemies.
36 3-36 Yudhishthira acknowledges the difficulties in defeating their enemies, including Bhishma, Drona, and Karna. Vyasa appears, offering to dispel Yudhishthira's fears by imparting sacred knowledge. Vyasa tells Yudhishthira that Arjuna will emerge victorious and advises him to send Arjuna to receive divine weapons. Vyasa then imparts the science of Pratismriti and disappears, leaving Yudhishthira and his brothers to prepare for the great battle ahead.
37 3-37 Yudhishthira sends Arjuna to obtain celestial weapons from Indra, king of the gods. Arjuna sets out, facing challenges, and meets Indra in the sacred Himavat. Indra offers a boon, but Arjuna refuses, seeking celestial weapons to defeat enemies and bring victory to his brothers. Indra tells Arjuna to behold Shiva to receive the weapons.
38 3-38 Janamejaya asks Vaisampayana to tell the story of Arjuna's journey to acquire celestial weapons from Indra and Shiva. Arjuna faces challenges and performs intense austerities in the Himavat mountains, impressing the gods and Rishis. Shiva assures them he will fulfill Arjuna's desires, and the Rishis return delighted.
39 3-39 Arjuna battles a Kirata (Shiva in disguise) and his companion Uma, using all his strength and arrows. Eventually, he realizes the Kirata's divinity and surrenders, worshiping him with a clay image and floral garlands. Shiva reveals his true form, grants Arjuna a weapon, and predicts his victory. Arjuna bows to Shiva, acknowledging his power and seeking his grace.
40 3-40 Shiva reveals Arjuna's past life as Nara, friend of Vishnu, and grants him the powerful Pasuputa weapon, imparting its secrets. The earth trembles, gods behold its embodied form, and Arjuna's evil qualities are dispelled. Shiva commands Arjuna to ascend to heaven, leaving him with the Gandiva bow, a symbol of their divine connection.
 
 
 
4 Kairata Parva 10 42.7 35:35
41 3-41 The gods and goddesses grant Arjuna celestial weapons and foretell his victories, acknowledging his past life as Nara and his destiny as a hero. They bestow upon him their weapons, including the Pasuputa, Varuna's nooses, Yama's mace, and Kuvera's Antarddhana. Indra offers to take Arjuna to heaven, and the gods confer their blessings, predicting his triumph and eventual ascent to heaven.
42 3-42 Arjuna beholds Indra's celestial car, adorned with weapons and flags, and ascends to heaven with Matali. He performs rituals, repeats prayers, and bids farewell to the earth. In the firmament, he sees various celestial regions, heroes, sages, Gandharvas, and Apsaras. Arriving at Indra's gates, he sees the elephant Airavata and enters Amaravati, the heavenly capital.
43 3-43 Arjuna enters Amaravati, beholding celestial gardens and cars. He's hailed by Apsaras and Gandharvas, meeting various celestials. Indra embraces him, touching his head with perfumed hands. Together, they shine like sun and moon, as Gandharvas sing and nymphs dance, captivating all with their beauty.
44 3-44 Arjuna is honored by gods and Gandharvas, receiving celestial weapons, including the thunderbolt. He spends five years in heaven, learning music and dance from Chitrasena, but his mind remains restless, consumed by thoughts of his family's suffering and a burning desire for revenge against the Kauravas.
45 3-45 Indra asks Urvasi to teach Arjuna the art of lovemaking, citing his mastery of all other arts. Chitrasena conveys the message, praising Arjuna's virtues. Urvasi, smitten, agrees, citing her friendship with Chitrasena and obligation to Indra. She accepts Arjuna as her lover, already under the god of love's influence.
46 3-46 Arjuna, in heaven, meets Urvasi, who is smitten with him. He refuses her advances, reverencing her as his mother, despite her beauty and charm. Urvasi curses him to spend a year as a dancer, unregarded by women and devoid of manhood. Indra consoles Arjuna, assuring him the curse will ultimately prove beneficial, and his power will be restored after the year.
47 3-47 Indra reveals to Lomasa that Arjuna, a Kshatriya, has earned a place among the gods through his virtues. He discloses that Arjuna is his son, born to Kunti, and has come to heaven to acquire divine weapons. Indra shares the tale of Nara and Narayana, reborn as Krishna and Arjuna, and entrusts Lomasa to protect Yudhishthira from Rakshasas.
 
 
 
 
5 Indralokagamana Parva 10 32.8 27:20
48 3-48 Dhritarashtra confides in Sanjaya, "Arjuna's boundless energy and determination will lead to our defeat. No one can stand against him, not even Drona, Karna, or Bhishma. His wrath and prowess are unmatched, and his shafts leave no survivors. He is an invincible destroyer, created by fate to devour my sons. Who can defeat him?"
49 3-49 Sanjaya warns Dhritarashtra that the Pandavas' rage and humiliation will lead to the Kuru clan's downfall. He recounts Arjuna's bravery, including his encounter with Lord Shiva, and his support from Lord Krishna. Dhritarashtra laments his sons' foolishness, led by Duryodhana, and fears their destruction at the hands of the superior Pandavas.
50 3-50 Janamejaya asks why Dhritarashtra allowed Duryodhana to provoke the Pandavas, leading to their exile. Vaisampayana explains that the Pandavas survived on wild produce and deer meat, sharing their food with accompanying Brahmanas. Yudhishthira supported 10,000 Brahmanas, and Draupadi cared for her husbands and the Brahmanas like a mother. They spent their days in study, prayer, and sacrifice, awaiting Arjuna's return.
51 3-51 Dhritarashtra, anxious and grief-stricken, confides in Sanjaya about the impending doom of his sons, led by Duryodhana, at the hands of the mighty Pandavas and Krishna. He recalls Vidura's warning of a devastating bloodshed and sees no escape from the impending battle, which will determine the fate of the Kurus.
52 3-52 Bhima urges Yudhishthira to let him kill the Dhartarashtras, but Yudhishthira refuses, committed to honoring his promise. Sage Vrihadaswa appears, and Yudhishthira shares his lamentations. Vrihadaswa offers to tell the story of King Nala, who suffered a similar fate, and Yudhishthira listens intently, hoping to find solace in the tale.
53 3-53 Vrihadaswa tells Yudhishthira about King Nala's exceptional qualities, strength, and beauty. Nala's desire for offspring is granted by Damana, who bestows a daughter, Damayanti, and three sons. Damayanti's beauty surpasses all others, and her fame spreads. Nala and Damayanti develop an attachment, hearing of each other's virtues. A swan praises Nala to Damayanti, kindling her desire to meet him, and returns to Nala, conveying her interest, setting the stage for their union.
54 3-54 Vrihadaswa continues the story, describing Damayanti's growing love for Nala, her distress, and her father's decision to hold a Swayamvara. Kings assemble, and Indra and the Lokapalas, intrigued, decide to attend. However, they encounter Nala, are struck by his beauty, and ask him to be their messenger, abandoning their original plan. Nala, unaware of the divine intervention, is thrust into a crucial role, his fate now intertwined with that of the gods.
55 3-55 Nala, the gods' messenger, approaches Damayanti, captivated by her beauty. She asks his identity and purpose, and he reveals the gods' desire to marry her. He explains his entrance was made possible by their power, and she must decide between her love for him and the gods' proposal, her heart in turmoil.
56 3-56 Damayanti passionately pleads with Nala to accept her love, threatening to end her life if he refuses. Nala, bound by his promise to the gods, urges her to choose one of them instead, extolling their power and glory. Damayanti proposes a solution: Nala should attend the Swayamvara with the gods, and she will choose him, absolving him of blame. Nala returns to the gods, recounting their conversation, leaving their love's fate in their hands.
57 3-57 Damayanti, unable to distinguish Nala from the gods, prays for guidance. The gods reveal their divine attributes, and Nala is revealed as a mortal. Damayanti chooses him, and the gods bestow eight boons. The kings and gods depart, and Bhima celebrates the wedding. Nala and Damayanti rule wisely, perform sacrifices, and have two children, living a life filled with love, devotion, and divine blessings.
58 3-58 Kali, consumed by anger, seeks to curse Damayanti for choosing Nala. The gods intervene, extolling Nala's virtues and warning Kali that cursing him would be futile and self-destructive. Kali plots revenge, vowing to possess Nala, usurp his kingdom, and sever his union with Damayanti, devising a sinister plan to manipulate fate and bring ruin upon Nala's life.
59 3-59 Kali, seeking revenge, possessed Nala after he failed to wash his feet before prayer. Nala, under Kali's influence, gambled away his wealth and kingdom to Pushkara, aided by Dwapara. Despite efforts by friends and citizens to intervene, Nala continued to gamble, his judgment clouded by Kali's dark force. Damayanti's pleas fell on deaf ears, and the citizens departed in sorrow, convinced their king was lost forever. Nala's downfall was complete, his kingdom and reputation reduced to nothing.
60 3-60 Damayanti, desperate to save her children, begged Varshneya to take them to her father's kingdom, Kundina, and leave them there with the royal car and horses. With a heavy heart, Varshneya agreed, bid farewell to Bhima, and set off for Vidarbha. After entrusting the children and belongings to Damayanti's kin, he wandered, grief-stricken, until he reached Ayodhya, where he entered King Rituparna's service as charioteer, his heart still sorrowful.
 
 
 
 
6 Nalopakhyana Parva 28 151.8 2:33:50
61 3-61 Nala, once a mighty king, now lost and despairing, had his wealth and kingdom taken by Pushkara. Damayanti, his faithful wife, remained by his side as they left the city, living on water alone for three nights. Nala's attempt to catch birds for food left him naked and ashamed. Damayanti, tears streaming down her face, refused to leave him, and together they sought refuge in the country of the Vidarbhas, hoping for a glimmer of hope in their darkest hour.
62 3-62 Nala, in tattered attire, comforted Damayanti, his devoted wife, as they wandered, exhausted and hungry. They reached a traveler's shed, where Nala fell asleep with Damayanti on the ground, their bodies entwined. Damayanti slept profoundly, but Nala, torn by conflicting emotions, decided to desert her, leaving her vulnerable. He returned, weeping and wailing, his heart heavy with grief, ultimately forsaking his beloved wife, his soul lost in despair.
63 3-63 Damayanti, awakening in the forest, discovered Nala's absence and shrieked in despair. She searched frantically, lamenting his desertion, her heart shattered. A serpent seized her, but a huntsman rescued her, only to attempt to woo her. Damayanti, fierce with wrath, cursed him, and he fell lifeless, her anger extinguishing his lustful flames.
64 3-64 Damayanti, wandering in the forest, asked a mountain and then a hermitage if they had seen Nala. The ascetics consoled her, predicting a reunion, but vanished. Undeterred, she continued her search, asking every tree, river, and creature if they had seen her husband. Eventually, she joined a caravan of merchants, led by Suchi, who offered to help her find Nala. With renewed hope, she continued her search.
65 3-65 Damayanti joined a caravan led by Suchi, but a wild elephant attack killed many and she was blamed and threatened. Fleeing in shame, she entered the city of Suvahu, where the queen-mother took her in and offered to help find Nala. Damayanti accepted, on conditions, and was welcomed by Princess Sunanda. In the palace, she found solace and hope.
66 3-66 King Nala, abandoning Damayanti, entered a forest fire and found a snake, Karkotaka, who begged for rescue from a curse. Nala agreed, and the snake bit him, transforming his appearance. The snake promised prosperity, skills to defeat enemies, and reunion with his family, then vanished, sending Nala to Ayodhya to learn dice from King Rituparna.
67 3-67 Nala, as Vahuka, lived in Rituparna's palace, hiding his true identity. He recited a nightly sloka, lamenting Damayanti's fate, his heart heavy with sorrow. Jivala asked about his sorrow, and Nala shared a story of a man who separated from his wife, revealing his own pain.
68 3-68 Bhima sent Brahmanas to find Nala and Damayanti, promising a reward. Sudeva found Damayanti in the king of Chedi's palace, sitting with Sunanda. Damayanti, eager for news, asked about her relatives, and wept bitterly. The queen-mother, concerned, asked Sudeva about Damayanti's identity and plight, and vowed to help reunite her with Nala.
69 3-69 Sudeva revealed Damayanti's identity, and she was reunited with her family. She implored her mother to find Nala, and the king sent Brahmanas to search for him. Damayanti's words, filled with longing and sorrow, were recited in every realm, hoping to find Nala and bring him back to her.
70 3-70 Parnada returned to Vidarbhas, found Damayanti, and recounted his journey. He repeated her words to King Rituparna, but got no response. Vahuka, the king's charioteer, showed kindness and praised Damayanti's virtue. Damayanti asked her mother to keep her plan secret and sent Sudeva to Ayodhya to bring Nala back, promising a reward if he succeeded.
71 3-71 King Rituparna asked Vahuka to take him to Damayanti's Swayamvara in a day. Nala, filled with grief, agreed, hoping to see Damayanti. He selected strong horses and yoked them to the chariot. Despite doubts, the horses proved their strength, and the chariot rose into the sky. Varshneya was amazed by Vahuka's skill, wondering if he was Nala himself. They set off with great speed, suspecting Vahuka might be Nala.
72 3-72 Nala's garment fell off, but he deemed it too far away to retrieve. Rituparna boasted he could calculate the leaves and fruits on a Vibhitaka tree. Vahuka was skeptical, but Rituparna insisted he was correct. They agreed Vahuka would count in exchange for Rituparna teaching him dice. Kali, the evil spirit, was released from Nala's body, ending his suffering. Nala regained his true form and continued to Vidarbha, his heart full of joy and anticipation.
73 3-73 Rituparna's chariot rattled into Vidarbhas, delighting Nala's horses and Damayanti. Bhima welcomed him, but Rituparna's true intention remained hidden. Damayanti, still hoping to see Nala, sent a search party. Uncertainty filled the air.
74 3-74 Kesini asked Vahuka about Nala's whereabouts, but he replied that even Varshneya didn't know, as Nala was in disguise. Damayanti's heart ached as Kesini reported this, and she recalled the Brahmana's words about Nala's desertion. Nala, overcome with emotion, spoke of his misfortune and calamity, his tears flowing. Damayanti's heart went out to him, and she knew she had to find a way to reunite with him.
75 3-75 Damayanti suspected Vahuka was Nala and sent Kesini to investigate. Kesini reported back, describing Vahuka's extraordinary abilities, including controlling elements and cooking without fire. Damayanti was convinced and sent Kesini to retrieve meat he had prepared. Tasting it, she knew it was Nala's work and wept aloud. She then sent her children to meet Vahuka, who embraced them and wept, his sorrow evident.
76 3-76 Damayanti brought Nala to her apartments, and he explained his desertion was caused by Kali. Damayanti swore her devotion, and the Wind-god testified to her truthfulness. A floral shower confirmed their reunion, and Nala embraced Damayanti and their children, rekindling their love.
77 3-77 King Nala and Damayanti reunited, bringing joy to all. Nala showed humility and forgiveness, and Rituparna asked for forgiveness and shared secrets. Their reunion was a testament to true love and friendship, inspiring generations. Nala and Damayanti's story was etched in the hearts of the people forever.
78 3-78 King Nala returned to his kingdom, determined to reclaim his throne and wife from his brother Pushkara. He proposed a high-stakes game of dice or battle, and emerged victorious, winning back his wealth and kingdom. Showing mercy, he granted Pushkara his life and freedom, and was hailed by his subjects as a wise and fair ruler.
79 3-79 Vrihadaswa told the story of King Nala, who regained his kingdom and wife after a game of dice. Yudhishthira, inspired, asked Vrihadaswa to teach him the science of dice. Afterward, Yudhishthira heard that Arjuna was engaged in severe ascetic penances, and he began to grieve, seeking comfort in the forest.
80 3-80 The Pandavas were filled with sorrow and grief after Arjuna left Kamyaka. Draupadi lamented his absence, remembering his prowess and beauty. Bhimasena, Nakula, and Sahadeva comforted her, recalling Arjuna's bravery and strength. They longed for his return, feeling lost and cheerless without him. The forest seemed empty and dull without Arjuna, and the Pandavas' lives seemed empty without their dear brother.
 
 
 
 
7 Tirtha-yatra Parva 101 444 6:10
101 3-101 Indra led the gods against Vritra, but fled in fear from the Kalakeyas. Vishnu and the gods empowered Indra, who slew Vritra with the Vajra. However, Indra still fled, thinking Vritra lived. The celestials rejoiced, slew the Danavas, and pursued them into the sea, where they plotted to destroy the worlds by targeting asceticism and knowledge.
102 3-102 The Kalakeyas attacked ascetic retreats at night, devouring Brahmanas and Munis. The earth was littered with bodies and bones, and the universe was filled with terror. The gods, including Indra, sought Narayana's protection, praising his past achievements and begging for his help against the Kalakeyas.
103 3-103 The celestials begged Vishnu to save the universe from the Kalakeyas, who were killing Brahmanas at night. Vishnu advised them to seek Agastya's help to dry up the ocean, where the Kalakeyas had taken refuge. The gods praised Agastya's past exploits and requested his aid, which he granted, bringing hope and security to the universe.
104 3-104 Vindhya, jealous of Meru, tried to obstruct the sun and moon's path. Agastya intervened, promising to prevent Vindhya's growth until his return from the southern region. Later, the gods asked Agastya to drink up the ocean to defeat the Kalakeyas, and he agreed, beginning the feat with his immense power.
105 3-105 Agastya drank up the ocean, astonishing the gods and saints. The gods praised him, then slew the demons exposed by the receding waters. A few surviving demons fled to the nether regions. The gods asked Agastya to refill the ocean, but he replied that the water had been digested, leaving them perplexed.
106 3-106 King Sagara, sonless, performed penances on Mount Kailasa, seeking a son. Lord Shiva granted him 60,000 sons from one wife, but they would perish together, and a single son from the other, who would perpetuate his race. The king's sons were born, but were impious and burnt to ashes by sage Kapila's glance.
107 3-107 King Sagara's 60,000 sons, born from Lord Shiva's boon, were burnt to ashes by sage Kapila's glance. His grandson Ansuman retrieved the sacrificial horse and purified his fathers. The prophecy of Kapila was fulfilled when Bhagiratha, Ansuman's descendant, brought the Ganges to earth, reviving Sagara's sons.
108 3-108 King Bhagiratha renounced his throne to bring the Ganges to earth, reviving his ancestors, Sagara's 60,000 sons, burnt to ashes by Kapila's glance. He practiced austerities for 1,000 years, and Ganga descended to earth, sustained by Siva's favor.
109 3-109 Bhagiratha requested Siva to sustain the Ganges' descent to earth. The Ganges fell, separating into three streams, and flowed towards the sea, reviving Sagara's sons and filling the sea. Siva returned to Kailasa, and Bhagiratha adopted Ganga as his daughter, fulfilling his wish.
110 3-110 Rishyasringa, a powerful saint, was born to Vibhandaka and a hind due to a celestial nymph's curse and Brahma's prophecy. King Lomapada sought his help to bring rain to his land, and a courtesan was sent to allure him. Yudhishthira asked Lomasa to elaborate on Rishyasringa's story, including his birth, ability to bring rain, and relationship with Santa.
111 3-111 A courtesan, sent by King Lomapada, tempted Rishyasringa with her charm and beauty. He was overwhelmed, lost his sense, and became distressed. His father, Vibhandaka, noticed his state and asked if anyone had visited him. The courtesan's plan worked, and Rishyasringa was smitten, his life about to take a dramatic turn.
112 3-112 Rishyasringa described a beautiful religious student who visited him. The student had a mass of hair, a golden complexion, and lotus-like eyes. He wore a beautiful ornament and golden strings that jingled when he moved. His clothes were fragrant, and his voice was pleasant. He carried a fruit that leaped up to the sky and beat it like a drum. He clasped Rishyasringa's body, kissed him, and gave him sweet fruits and water. Rishyasringa's heart was saddened by the student's departure, and he yearned to go to him and practice the same religious observances.
113 3-113 Vibhandaka warned Rishyasringa about the courtesan, a Rakshasa intent on obstructing his penance. She persisted, enticing him to the king's palace, where he married Santa. Vibhandaka's wrath turned to paternal love when he saw his son's happiness and Santa's devotion. He instructed Rishyasringa to return to the forest after fathering a child and fulfilling his duties. The hermitage became a sacred site, attracting seekers of purification and spiritual growth.
114 3-114 Vaisampayana narrated Yudhishthira's journey to the sea where the river Ganga flows. Lomasa shared stories of saints and gods, including Rudra's sacrifice. Yudhishthira and his brothers made libations to their fathers and beheld the divine forest. Lomasa explained the altar's significance, instructing Yudhishthira to recite words of truth and ascend it for valour and strength. With the ceremony complete, they proceeded to the Mahendra hill.
115 3-115 Yudhishthira sought Parasurama's presence in the divine forest. Akritavrana narrated Parasurama's story, including his father Jamadagni's marriage to Satyavati and the mix-up in the boons granted by Bhrigu. Parasurama was born with splendor and grace, excelling in Vaidik lore and military art. He vanquished the military caste, killing King Kartavirya Arjuna, and his exploits were renowned throughout the land.
116 3-116 Akritavrana told Yudhishthira about Jamadagni's life, including his marriage to Renuka and their five sons, with Rama being the youngest but most superior. Rama avenged his father's death, killing Arjuna and his kinsmen, and his legend grew as a champion of justice and righteousness.
117 3-117 Rama avenged his father Jamadagni's death, killing Kartavirya's sons and exterminating the military caste seven times. He performed a mighty sacrifice, built a golden altar, and bestowed the earth upon Kasyapa. His legend grew, and his name became synonymous with valor and righteousness. Yudhishthira worshipped him and learned from his wisdom.
118 3-118 Yudhishthira, with his brothers and Krishna, visited sacred bathing spots, performing rituals and offering libations. They reached Godavari, where Yudhishthira was freed from his sins. He heard Arjuna's story at Agastya's holy spot and saw shrines of various gods at Suparaka. After 12 days of austerity, Valarama and Krishna arrived, lamenting the Pandavas' state.
119 3-119 Valarama questioned the value of virtue, citing Yudhishthira's suffering despite his righteousness. He praised Yudhishthira's commitment to virtue and lamented the Pandavas' fate, particularly Bhima's emaciated state. Valarama predicted Bhima's future vengeance and wondered how Panchali endured the hardships of the forest.
120 3-120 Satyaki urged action, praising Yudhishthira's virtue and vowing to defeat Duryodhana. He boasted of his abilities and praised Samva, urging the Yadus to march out and kill the Kurus. Krishna agreed, but noted Yudhishthira's commitment to truth and virtue. Yudhishthira thanked Satyaki, and the Pandavas and Yadus parted ways.
121 Lomasa told Yudhishthira about sacred spots, including King Nriga's sacrifice that pleased Indra and King Gaya's seven magnificent sacrifices that gratified Indra and priests. He encouraged Yudhishthira to bathe in the Payosini river to cleanse his sins. Yudhishthira listened intently, eager to learn more.
122 Lomasa told Yudhishthira about Chyavana, who practiced austerities by a lake, becoming covered in ants. Sukanya, King Saryati's daughter, pierced Chyavana's eyes with thorns, thinking him a glow-worm. Chyavana demanded her hand in marriage as forgiveness, and she devoted herself to him, practicing penances and worship.
123 The twin Aswins, smitten by Sukanya's beauty, offered to restore her husband Chyavana's youth if she chose one of them. Sukanya remained faithful, and the Aswins revived Chyavana's youth after they all entered a tank. Sukanya chose her restored husband, and the Aswins ascended to heaven, delighted.
124 Chyavana defied Indra, offering Soma juice to the Aswins, citing their beauty, grace, and kindness. Indra threatened to strike him with his thunderbolt, but Chyavana stood firm, paralyzing Indra's arm and summoning a demon, Mada, to challenge the celestial.
125 Lomasa told Yudhishthira about Chyavana's victory over Mada and Indra's plea for mercy. He showed him a lake where Chyavana spread his fame and instructed him to offer libations and visit nearby holy sites, including Archika hill, where saints and celestials performed austerities and attained eternal regions.
126 Yudhishthira asked about Mandhata's birth and achievements. Lomasa explained that Mandhata was born to Yuvanaswa, who drank sacred water meant for his wife, producing a son with extraordinary strength and valour. Mandhata conquered the three worlds, performed sacrifices, and attained a position equal to Indra's.
127 King Somaka had 100 wives but no son until old age. His only son Jantu was pampered by his mothers. When Jantu was stung by an ant, Somaka rushed to soothe him. Desiring more sons, Somaka agreed to sacrifice Jantu's fat to gain 100 sons, rebirthing Jantu with a golden mark.
128 Somaka sacrificed his son Jantu for 100 sons. The priest suffered in hell for officiating. Somaka shared the punishment, taking responsibility. Afterward, he was freed, reunited with the priest, and able to enjoy blessings. His hermitage granted blessings to those who spent 6 nights there.
129 Lomasa told Yudhishthira about the place's history, where kings and saints performed sacrifices. The lord of beings performed a 1,000-year sacrifice, and Yayati rivaled Indra's prowess. A Pisacha woman spoke of the place's virtues, and Yudhishthira bathed in the holy river Yamuna, beholding all worlds and seeing Arjuna's future glory.
130 Lomasa told Yudhishthira that this spot guarantees heaven for those who die here. Thousands come to die here, and Daksha's blessing promises a place in heaven. Sacred rivers like Saraswati and Vipasa flow here, and spots like Sindhu, Prabhasa, and Vishnupada are nearby, filled with spiritual energy.
131 A hawk and pigeon sought shelter with King Usinara, debating virtue and survival. The king refused to surrender the pigeon, offering his own flesh instead. Indra and Agni revealed themselves, impressed by the king's selflessness. His glory endured, and he ascended to heaven, a testament to sacrifice and compassion.
132 Ashtavakra, a child prodigy born with eight physical deformities, corrected his father's recitation of the Shastras from the womb, earning a curse. He later defeated Vandin in a controversy at King Janaka's sacrificial ground, proving his worth despite his challenges.
133 Ashtavakra, a young Brahmana, was blocked from entering King Janaka's sacrificial ground. He claimed his right to enter, citing his Vedic knowledge. The warder challenged him to recite a verse, which he did, impressing the king. Ashtavakra answered the king's riddles correctly, demonstrating his mastery of the Vedas. He was granted admittance and introduced to Vandin, a learned Brahmana, and prepared to defeat him in controversy.
134 Ashtavakra and Vandin engaged in an intellectual battle, exchanging numerical riddles. Ashtavakra emerged victorious, impressing King Janaka. Vandin, revealed as King Varuna's son, was spared. Ashtavakra was reunited with his father, Kahoda, and worshipped by Brahmanas. He bathed in the Samanga river, straightening his limbs and gaining purification. The river became sacred, and Lomasa encouraged Yudhishthira to bathe there to cleanse himself of sin.
135 Lomasa told the story of Yavakri, who sought Vedic knowledge through intense austerities, impressing Indra. Despite warnings, Yavakri persisted, gaining boons but also pride. His father, Bharadwaja, cautioned him against arrogance, sharing the story of Medhavi, who suffered a similar fate. Yavakri ignored the warnings, offending Raivya, who cursed him, leading to his downfall.
136 Yavakri's fate was sealed when he propositioned Raivya's daughter-in-law, who trapped him. Raivya created a demon and female from his hair and commanded them to kill Yavakri. The demon slew Yavakri with a spear, piercing his heart. Yavakri's pride and lust led to his downfall, serving as a cautionary tale.
137 Bharadwaja returned to his hermitage to find his son Yavakri slain by a demon summoned by Raivya. The sacrificial fires did not welcome him, and the blind Sudra warder revealed the tragic tale. Bharadwaja lamented, cursing Raivya's son, and cremated Yavakri's body before entering a blazing fire himself, consumed by grief.
138 Paravasu killed his father Raivya, mistaking him for a deer. He confessed to Arvavasu, who observed a vow to atone for the sin. Later, Paravasu accused Arvavasu of being a Brahmana-slayer, leading to his expulsion. Arvavasu performed severe penances, worshiping the Sun, and was vindicated when the celestials restored Raivya to life and absolved Paravasu's sin.
139 Lomasa guided Yudhishthira through the mountains, warning him of dangers and invoking divine protection. Yudhishthira listened intently, determined to overcome challenges ahead. He instructed his brothers to protect Krishna and practice cleanliness, relying on Bhima's strength and his twins' bravery. With Lomasa's guidance and his brothers' support, Yudhishthira ventured forth, seeking victory.
140 Yudhishthira longed to see Arjuna, praising his virtues and prowess in battle. He recalled their past prosperity and Arjuna's strength, now lost. With determination, he resolved to reach Gandhamadana mountain, where Arjuna might be, by practising austerities and facing challenges. Only the pure of heart could reach this sacred place, free from impurities and dangers.
141Lomasa told the Pandavas about the celestial mountain Mandara, where they'd see the sacred river Alakananda, born from the jujube tree. He shared the story of Vishnu lifting the earth from the depths as a boar, restoring balance to the universe. The celestials, led by Brahma, had witnessed this feat and praised Vishnu's power. Inspired, the Pandavas continued their journey with eagerness and devotion.
142Vaisampayana continued, "The Pandavas journeyed to Gandhamadana, encountering diverse natural wonders. With senses under control, they passed through rugged terrain, beholding various beasts. A violent wind and shower struck, reducing visibility and causing confusion. They sought shelter, reuniting after the storm and proceeding towards Gandhamadana with determination and courage."
143Draupadi, exhausted and delicate, fell to the ground, unable to bear the journey's hardships. Nakula rushed to her aid, appealing to Yudhishthira for comfort. The king lamented his addiction to dice, feeling remorse for failing to provide her with a happy life. Brahmanas performed rites to restore her health, and the Pandavas tended to her with soothing words and gentle touch. Bhima summoned his son Ghatotkacha to carry them safely through the treacherous mountains, and with his help, they continued their journey, united and determined.
144The Pandavas, carried by Rakshasas, reached the Kailasa mountain and the hermitage of Nara and Narayana. They beheld celestial trees, a jujube tree, and a sacred lake. Welcomed by sages, they received blessings, water, flowers, and roots. Dwelling with Brahmanas, they offered oblations, practiced meditation, and found peace in the divine energy of the hermitage. Their weary souls revitalized, they spent days in contemplation and nights in joyous celebration, surrounded by sages and natural beauty.
145Bhima, seeking the celestial lotus, faced numerous challenges on Gandhamadana peak. He overcame fierce beasts and plants, and marveled at a beautiful plantain tree and romantic lake. Then, he met Hanuman, who obstructed his path. Hanuman rebuked Bhima for awakening him and warned him of the impossibility of proceeding further. Bhima explained his quest, and Hanuman, with deep understanding, warned him of the treacherous path ahead, requiring great strength and courage to succeed.
146Vaisampayana continued, "Bhima, proud of his strength, encountered Hanuman, who challenged him to move his tail. Bhima failed, despite his best efforts. Humiliated, he sought Hanuman's refuge and asked about his identity. Hanuman revealed himself as the son of the wind-god and a friend of Sugriva, sharing stories of Rama and Sita's abduction. Bhima listened intently, his pride forgotten, seeking Hanuman's refuge."
147Hanuman told Bhima about his journey with Rama, finding Sita in Lanka, and Rama's victory over Ravana. He requested a boon to live as long as Rama's story was told and was granted it. Hanuman resides in the forest, entertained by celestial beings singing Rama's praises. He revealed to Bhima that the path he sought was a celestial one, but directed him to the accessible lake.
148Hanuman shared tales of his adventures with Rama, from their first meeting to the battle against Ravana. He recounted his ocean leap, finding Sita, and Rama's victory. With a smile, Hanuman directed Bhima to the lake, surrounded by trees, flowers, and birdsong, and bid him farewell with a nod of reassurance.
149Hanuman revealed his enormous form to Bhima, who was amazed and frightened. Hanuman shared wisdom on duties, respecting gods, and governance, emphasizing wise counsel, diplomacy, and punishment. He encouraged Bhima to follow his path with humility and restraint, and directed him towards the Saugandhika wood, warning him to respect his duties and the gods.
150Vaisampayana said, "Hanuman embraced Bhima, restoring his strength. He asked Bhima to keep their meeting secret, offering to destroy Duryodhana or bind him. Bhima declined, asking only for Hanuman's goodwill. Hanuman promised to aid the Pandavas, joining their battle cries from Arjuna's flagstaff. With a final farewell, Hanuman vanished, leaving Bhima grateful for his support."
151Vaisampayana said, "Bhima journeyed through Gandhamadana, marveling at Hanuman's splendor and Rama's greatness. He saw elephants, deer, and rivers, and fearlessly ventured into the forest, driven by the scent of lotuses. As the sun peaked, he found a majestic river teeming with golden lotuses, and the Saugandhika lotuses, shining like the sun, filling his heart with joy."
152Vaisampayana said, "Bhimasena reached Kailasa cliff and found a beautiful lotus lake, surrounded by woods, guarded by Rakshasas. The lake was filled with golden lotuses, birds, and had a wide-spreading shade. Bhima drank the ambrosial water and saw celestial lotuses. The lake was Kuvera's sporting region, held in high regard by Gandharvas and celestials. Rakshasas, named Krodhavasas, guarded the lake and demanded to know Bhima's business."
153Bhima, son of Pandu, refused to seek Kuvera's permission to gather Saugandhika lotuses for Panchali, citing Kshatriya morality. The Rakshasas tried to stop him, but he fought them off with his mace, killing many. Victorious, Bhima gathered the lotuses, restoring his strength. Kuvera granted permission, and the Rakshasas returned, seeing Bhima delighting in the lotuses.
154Vaisampayana said, "Bhima gathered rare flowers, but a violent wind arose, portending battle. Yudhishthira prepared for combat, searching for Bhima. Krishna explained Bhima's quest for more lotuses. The Pandavas followed, finding Bhima victorious amidst slain Yakshas. Yudhishthira rebuked Bhima, cautioning against rash actions. They sported in the lake, but were interrupted by the garden's warders, pacified by Yudhishthira's wisdom."
155Yudhishthira recalled their journey to sacred tirthas, woods, and mountains, seeking blessings and wisdom. He asked Bhima about reaching Vaisravana's abode, but a celestial voice directed them to return to Nara and Narayana's hermitage, then proceed to Vrishaparva's and finally Arshtisena's, to behold Kuvera's abode. The voice left everyone in awe, and Dhaumya advised Yudhishthira to obey, which he did, dwelling pleasantly with his brothers and Panchali.
156Bhimasena rushed back to find his family being carried off by Jatasura. Yudhishthira rebuked the Rakshasa, while Sahadeva challenged him to fight. Bhima arrived, his strength and valor evident, and slew the Rakshasa after a fierce battle, saving his family. The Pandavas reunited, celebrated Bhima's bravery, and reaffirmed their love and loyalty for each other.
157Yudhishthira and his brothers, with Draupadi, journeyed to the mountain Sweta, led by Lomasa. After 17 days, they reached the Himalayas and Vrishaparva's hermitage, where they spent 7 nights. Vrishaparva gave them instructions and they continued on, beholding the mountain's beauty and wonders.
158Yudhishthira and his brothers met Arshtishena, a sage who had consumed his sins through asceticism. He advised Yudhishthira to follow virtue and honor his superiors. He described the wonders of Gandhamadana, warning them not to go beyond the summit, and predicted Yudhishthira's future conquest of the earth.
159Janamejaya asked about the Pandavas' stay on Gandhamadana mountain. They lived there for five years, eating fruits and deer meat, and listening to Lomasa's stories. Bhima battled Rakshasas and Yakshas, slew Maniman with his mace, and emerged victorious, earning great acclaim for his bravery and strength.
160Yudhishthira and his brothers found Bhima victorious but wounded, surrounded by Rakshasa bodies. Kuvera arrived, angry but pleased with Bhima's bravery, and forgave him. He explained that the Rakshasas were destined to die and thanked Bhima for releasing him from a curse. Kuvera departed, praising Bhima's bravery.
161Kuvera advised Yudhishthira on patience, ability, timing, and prowess. He praised Arjuna's honesty and bravery, warning about Bhima's rashness. Kuvera offered protection, food, and access to his region, then vanished with his followers. The Pandavas enjoyed the forest, freed from Agastya's curse.
162Dhaumya described the king of mountains, Mandara, where Indra and Vaisravana preside. The Sun rises from here, illuminating the world. He spoke of the abodes of Yama, Brahma, and Vishnu, and the Sun's unceasing journey, influencing created things, dealing life and motion to all beings.
163The Pandavas, awaiting Arjuna's return, delighted in the mountain's beauty, filled with flowers and bird cries. After five years, Arjuna returned with celestial weapons, reuniting with his brothers, and bringing joy to the grief-stricken Pandavas.
164Arjuna returned in Mahendra's car, yoked with horses as swift as lightning. He bowed to Dhaumya, Ajatasatru, and Vrikodara, and greeted Krishna. The brothers rejoiced, and Arjuna eulogized the king. He gave his mother precious gems and related his journey, learning weapons from Sakra, Vayu, and Siva.
165Vaisampayana said, "Dhananjaya and brothers paid homage to Yudhishthira. Celestial music sounded, and Indra arrived in a golden car. Yudhishthira worshiped him, and Arjuna stood humbly. Indra blessed Yudhishthira, predicting his rule, and praised Arjuna's strength and wisdom. This meeting brings bliss to those who study it with rapt attention."
166Arjuna recounted his experience in heaven to Yudhishthira, describing his battle with Shiva. Shiva swallowed up Arjuna's weapons, but eventually granted him the Pasupata weapon. Arjuna was overjoyed and grateful, knowing the weapon would make him invincible. Yudhishthira praised Arjuna's bravery and devotion.
167Arjuna learned weapons from Indra in heaven, gaining proficiency and admiration. Indra praised him, saying none could conquer him, and asked him to slay the Nivata-Kavachas as his preceptor's fee. Arjuna received a celestial car, diadem, ornaments, mail, and a durable string for Gandiva, and set out to face the challenge.
168Arjuna beheld the ocean, then entered the demons' city with Matali, frightening them with the chariot's rattling sound. He wound his shell, Devadatta, terrifying the beings. The Nivata-Kavachas appeared, and a dreadful battle ensued, with shafts flying in all directions, and the gods cheering Arjuna on.
169Arjuna fought the Nivata-Kavachas, piercing each with ten arrows. The steeds trampled the sons of Diti, and the Danavas fell by hundreds. Matali guided the steeds with ease, and Arjuna burned the demons with Brahma's weapons, cutting off their arms and piercing them again, his valor unyielding.
170Arjuna fought the Nivata-Kavachas, crushing their rocky shower with arrows and drying up their watery shower with Visoshana. He resisted their illusions of fire and wind, but a dense darkness fell, and Matali fell off. Arjuna created an illusion of arms to dispel the darkness and continued fighting.
171Arjuna fought the Nivata-Kavachas with visible weapons, severing their heads and sending them to the ground. The Daityas fled, and Arjuna discovered hundreds of slain bodies. Matali encouraged him to use the thunderbolt weapon, which slaughtered the Danavas and sent them to Yama's mansion.
172Arjuna saw Hiranyapura, a gem-filled city in the sky, inhabited by Paulamas and Kalakanjas. He used the thunderbolt weapon to destroy the city and its inhabitants. The city fell to earth, and the Kalakanjas fled. Arjuna then used the Raudra weapon, destroying all Danavas and their city.
173Indra gave Arjuna celestial weapons, a golden garland, and impenetrable mail. Arjuna dwelt in Indra's abode for five years, learning secrets of the weapons. Remembering his brothers' troubles, he returned. Yudhishthira praised Arjuna's fortune and asked to see the weapons. Arjuna promised to show them the next morning.
174Arjuna showed Yudhishthira the celestial weapons, causing the earth to tremble and rivers to churn. Divine beings appeared, including the Great-sire and Mahadeva. Narada warned Arjuna to use the weapons wisely, lest they bring destruction. The immortals departed, leaving the Pandavas to live in harmony.
175The Pandavas spent four years in Kubera's palace, practicing arms and sporting. They then urged Yudhishthira to descend and take action against their enemies, reminding him of their strengths and Krishna's support. Yudhishthira bid farewell to the mountain and began his journey with his brothers and the Brahmanas.
176The Pandavas left their home in the beautiful mountain and proceeded to Kailasa, crossing elevations and defiles. They reached Vrishaparba's hermitage, then Kuvera's lake, and finally the forest of Visakhayupa, where they dwelt for a year, engaged in hunting and asceticism. They then went to the Saraswati river.
177Janamejaya asked how Bhima, with the strength of ten thousand elephants, could be stricken with panic at a snake's sight. Vaisampayana replied that Bhima, roaming in the Himalayan forest, was seized by a colossal serpent and overpowered despite his struggles, his strength unable to overcome the snake's grip.
178Bhima, overpowered by a snake, asked it to reveal its identity. The snake, Nahusha, a sage king and Bhima's ancestor, was cursed by Agastya for affronting Brahmanas. Bhima lamented his fate, thinking of his brothers and mother. Yudhishthira, sensing ill omens, searched for Bhima and found him in a mountain cavern.
179Yudhishthira found Bhima coiled by the serpent Nahusha and asked him to free his brother. Nahusha refused, but offered to free Bhima if Yudhishthira answered his questions. Yudhishthira agreed and answered correctly, impressing Nahusha, who finally freed Bhima, acknowledging defeat by Yudhishthira's wisdom.
180Yudhishthira asked Nahusha about salvation. Nahusha explained that virtues like charity and truth lead to heaven. He also explained the soul's transmigration and the difference between mind and intellect. Nahusha shared his fall from heaven due to pride and his curse by Agastya, which was lifted by Yudhishthira's conversation.
181The rainy season brought relief from the heat, filling the skies with clouds and the earth with grass and water. Animals rejoiced, and the forest was filled with sounds of birds and frogs. The Pandavas enjoyed the river Saraswati's sacred baths and pleasant waters, spending a joyous autumn in the forest.
182Krishna arrived at the forest of Kamyaka, greeting the Pandavas. Markandeya, a wise saint, also came and was honored. Yudhishthira asked about fate and human actions. Markandeya explained that destiny is determined by actions, and happiness is attained by virtuous men in this life and the next.
183A young prince accidentally killed a Brahmana while hunting. Filled with remorse, he and his companions sought out the sage Arishtanemi, who revealed the slain Brahmana was his son. The Muni revived his son through spiritual power, teaching the princes that Brahmanas transcend death through their sacred duties and austere lives.
184Atri and Gautama debated King Vainya's greatness, with Atri comparing him to Indra. Sanatkumara resolved the dispute, explaining that a king's power combined with a Brahmana's energy is unstoppable. King Vainya rewarded Atri with wealth, which he used to perform penances in the forest. Markandeya highlighted the glory of Brahmanas and their relationship with kings.
185Saraswati told Tarkshya that studying the Vedas, perceiving the supreme Godhead, and living a life of sanctity leads to virtue. Charitable giving, like cows, bullocks, and gold, leads to celestial regions. Maintaining the sacred fire for seven years sanctifies seven generations. Tarkshya asked for more rules on keeping the fire.
186Markandeya told Yudhishthira about Vaivaswata Manu, who did penance for 10,000 years. A fish, actually Brahma, asked Manu for protection and guided him to build an ark to save all beings from a flood. Manu recreated the world after the flood, and the legend destroys sin and brings happiness.
187Markandeya told Yudhishthira about Manu's 10,000-year penance. A fish, actually Brahma, asked Manu for protection and warned him of a flood. Manu built an ark, saved himself and others, and recreated the world after the flood. This legend showcases devotion and the cycle of creation and destruction.
188Markandeya told Yudhishthira about the Deity, Narayana, who created the universe. He is the Source, Eternal, and Unchangeable. He has many forms, supports the earth, and creates and destroys in cycles. He is the reward of sacrifices and asceticism, and is attained by those with tranquil souls.
189In the Kali age, morality will decrease, and sin will increase. Men will live for 16 years, and women will choose their own husbands. The world will be filled with sin, and men will slay each other. Then, Kalki will be born, and restore order and peace, inaugurating a new Yuga.
190Markandeya told Yudhishthira that Kalki will establish a new Yuga, exterminating thieves and robbers, and reestablishing virtue. He advised Yudhishthira to be merciful, truthful, humble, and devoted to the good of all creatures, and to practise virtue and renounce sin.
191King Parikshit married Susobhana, daughter of the frog king Ayu. She disappeared into a tank, and Parikshit ordered the slaughter of all frogs. Eventually, he reunited with her and their son Sala obtained Vamadeva's Vami horses, but refused to return them, leading to a curse and eventual redemption.
192Yudhishthira asked Markandeya about Vaka and Indra's meeting. Vaka told Indra that immortals suffer from separation, wicked companions, and dependence. He also mentioned calamities suffered by various beings. Indra then asked about the joys of immortals, and Vaka emphasized the importance of a simple life, self-cooked food, and honoring guests and Brahmanas.
193Markandeya told the Pandavas about the greatness of royal Kshatriyas, recounting a story about two kings, Suhotra and Sivi, who met on the road. Narada appeared, emphasizing humility, honesty, and forgiveness, and Suhotra gave way to Sivi, recognizing his greatness. The story showed the virtue and humility of true leaders.
194Markandeya told another story: a Brahmana asked King Yayati for wealth for his preceptor. The king asked about his covenant, and the Brahmana explained that he wanted to know the king's feelings about giving. The king replied that he never boasts about his gifts, never listens to impossible requests, and always gives away what he can with happiness. He gave the Brahmana a thousand kine, and the Brahmana left satisfied.
195Markandeya told the Pandavas about two kings, Vrishadarbha and Seduka. A Brahmana asked Seduka for a thousand steeds, but Seduka directed him to Vrishadarbha, who struck the Brahmana with a whip. However, the king then gave the Brahmana the day's tribute, more valuable than a thousand horses, demonstrating royal generosity.
196King Sivi was tested by Agni and Indra, who disguised themselves as a pigeon and hawk. The pigeon sought refuge with the king, who refused to give it up despite the hawk's demands. The king even cut off his own flesh to equal the pigeon's weight, demonstrating his virtue and selflessness. The gods revealed themselves, healed the king's wounds, and prophesied a famous son, Kapataroman.
197Narada predicted the fall of four kings from heaven, citing their flaws: Ashtaka's pride, Pratardana's detraction, Vasumanas' failure to give away a praised car, and his own fall due to Sivi's surpassing virtue, demonstrated by Sivi's willingness to sacrifice his son for a Brahmana's food.
198Markandeya told the Pandavas about Indradyumna, a royal sage who fell from heaven. He didn't know Indradyumna, but an owl, crane, and tortoise led them to Akupara, who recognized Indradyumna and recalled his virtuous deeds. A celestial voice called Indradyumna to heaven, praising his virtues, and he ascended, regaining his place.
199Markandeya told the Pandavas about Indradyumna, a royal sage who fell from heaven and returned through virtue. With Markandeya's help, Indradyumna met animals who led him to Akupara, who recognized him and praised his deeds. A celestial voice then summoned Indradyumna back to heaven.
200Yudhishthira asked Markandeya about King Kuvalaswa, who changed his name to Dhundhumara. Markandeya explained that Kuvalaswa, with Utanka's help and Vishnu's yoga power, would slay the Asura Dhundhu, who sought to destroy the triple world.
8 Markandeya-Samasya Parva 10 61.6 51:20
201King Kuvalaswa, a descendant of Ikshvaku, ruled Ayodhya with wisdom and courage. Utanka, a powerful Brahmana, persuaded his father, Vrihadaswa, to stay and protect his people from the powerful Asura, Dhundhu, who was performing a penance to gain sovereignty over the three worlds. With Vishnu's energy, Vrihadaswa slew Dhundhu, bringing peace to the triple world and earning eternal fame.
202Vishnu slew the Danavas Madhu and Kaitabha, who threatened Brahma, on his thighs, as no other spot was uncovered. This act maintained balance in the universe, showcasing Vishnu's power and commitment to preservation.
203Dhundhu, son of Madhu and Kaitabha, obtained a boon from Brahma that he could only be slain by someone invincible. King Kuvalaswa, filled with Vishnu's energy, slew Dhundhu with the Brahma weapon, relieving the triple world of its fears. The gods blessed Kuvalaswa with invincibility, wealth, and friendship with Vishnu.
204Yudhishthira asked Markandeya about women's virtue. Markandeya praised chaste wives who devote themselves to their husbands, noting their duties are difficult and equivalent to worship. He emphasized women's roles in maintaining family and society, and encouraged Yudhishthira to appreciate their virtue.
205Markandeya told Yudhishthira about a Brahmana named Kausika, who killed a crane in anger, then sought alms from a chaste woman. She prioritized serving her husband, begged forgiveness, and praised Brahmanas. Her words impressed Kausika, subsided his anger, and earned Markandeya's admiration for her noble character.
206The fowler said, "O Brahmana, virtue is the supreme path to salvation. The chief virtues are non-injury, truth, charity, Vedic study, and abstention from anger. These five virtues are a Brahmana's duties. Virtue is the only path to salvation. I have told you this, O Brahmana, based on my knowledge and hearing."
207The fowler said, "Destiny is powerful, and I'm trying to erase my past sins. I'm a mere agent of fate, like an executioner. Animals slain by me are used to feed gods, guests, and ancestors. No one is free from harming animal life, not even sages. I atone for my karma through charity and truth."
 
 
 
 
9 Draupadi-Satyabhama Samvada 3 11.2 9:20
208The fowler explained that truth can be achieved through untruth, and that man's actions determine their fate. The soul is eternal, reborn with its karma, and can attain salvation through virtuous actions, self-restraint, and spiritual wisdom. He emphasized the importance of following one's proper avocation and imitating the righteous. The wise delight in virtue, acquiring dominion and pleasure. The Brahmana asked for clarification on subduing the senses.
209The fowler explained that people seek knowledge, but soon become consumed by passions and desires, leading to a decline in spiritual light and an increase in sin. He contrasted this with the man of virtue, who cultivates righteousness through spiritual insight and respect for men of virtue. The Brahmana praised the fowler's wisdom, and he elaborated on the Brahmanic philosophy, describing the universe as Brahma, and explaining the great elements, their properties, and the three qualities of consciousness, intelligence, and egoism.
210The fowler explained the properties of the five elements, emphasizing their interconnectedness and presence in all substances. He stressed the importance of self-discipline and subduing the senses to attain spiritual light, comparing the corporeal self to a chariot, the soul to a charioteer, and the senses to horses. He encouraged spiritual growth through self-examination and self-control.
 
 
 
 
10 Ghosha-yatra Parva 27 98 1:21:40
211The fowler explained the virtues of sattwa, rajas, and tamas, describing tamas as spiritual ignorance, rajas as activity and desire, and sattwa as grandeur and wisdom. He detailed the characteristics of individuals under each influence, highlighting sattwa's potential for self-reflection and spiritual growth. The fowler emphasized that anyone can attain higher states through good qualities and rectitude, regardless of caste or birth.
212The fowler explained how the vital force combines with matter to form the body, and how different airs sustain it. He emphasized the soul's presence in all creatures, its association with time, and its role as the animating principle. He stressed the importance of renunciation, self-abnegation, and equanimity in achieving spiritual enlightenment and salvation, and encouraged seeking the Supreme Spirit through spiritual vision and renunciation.
213Markandeya continued, "The fowler's parents praised his piety and self-control, pleased with his care and attention. He worshiped them like gods, dedicating his life to their service, believing it his highest duty to please them, equivalent to perpetually keeping up the sacred fire, a virtue bringing eternal prosperity."
214The fowler, once a Brahmana, was cursed by a rishi he had harmed while hunting. He was degraded to a Sudra, a fate he accepted with remorse. Sharing his story, he highlighted the consequences of sin and the power of karma, emphasizing the importance of honoring parents and adhering to righteousness.
215The fowler and Brahmana discussed happiness and misery, emphasizing spiritual wisdom and contentment. The fowler shared his insights, and the Brahmana was impressed, praising his wisdom. They parted ways, with the Brahmana returning home to attend to his parents, and the fowler continuing on his path of spiritual growth.
216Markandeya told Yudhishthira how Agni, feeling threatened by Angiras' penance, hid in water. Angiras became the temporary fire-god, and Agni agreed to reclaim his role if Angiras became his first child. Vrihaspati was born, and the gods accepted the explanation. Agni and Angiras worked together, with Agni as the main fire-god and Angiras supporting him.
217Angiras' children with Subha were exceptional. His son Vrihaspati was a brilliant counsellor. His daughters included Bhanumati, Raga, Siniwali, Archismati, Havishmati, Mahismati, Mahamati, and Kuhu, each with unique qualities.
218Vrihaspati's sons, all embodiments of fire, included Sanju, Bharadwaja, Bharata, and others. Each had unique qualities, like Siddhi's splendor and Swana's disease-generation. Satya was sinless, while Swaha's sons represented desire, invincibility, and salvation. These fires were worshipped in various sacrifices.
219Uktha's penance created a celestial being with five colors, generating five tribes. After 10,000 years, he created fire, day and night, Siva, Indra, and other beings. He also produced 25 beings, including gods who obstruct sacrifices, and two sons, Vrihaduktha and Rathantara, worshipped through Agnihotra sacrifices.
220Tapa's sons included Puranda, Ushma, and Manu, who created the five Urjaskara fires. Bhanu's six sons were Valada, Manjuman, Vishnu, Agrayana, Agraha, and Stuva. Nisa's children included Vaiswanara, Viswapati, Swistakrit, and others, each with unique roles in the Agnihotra ceremony.
221Swaha's wife Mudita gave birth to Advanta, a sacred fire considered the ruler and soul of all creatures. Adbhuta, the prince of the sky, consumes dead bodies, and his son Bharata is worshipped as Niyata. The fire created metals and materials, was revived by Bhrigu and Angiras, and produced rivers like the Ganges, considered mothers of fires.
222Indra found a woman held by Kesin, an Asura. He challenged Kesin, who hurled a mace and rock at him. Indra destroyed them and wounded Kesin, who fled. The woman, Kavama's daughter, sought a husband through asceticism. Indra offered her a celestial husband, but she chose six and wasn't satisfied. Indra suggested the Adbhuta fire, and she agreed, begetting Kartikeya, a brilliant warrior who defeated the Asuras and brought peace to the gods.
223Indra and Devasena sought Brahma's help to find her a powerful husband. Brahma joined them at the celestial Rishis' sacrifices, where the Adbhuta fire was invited. The fire, smitten with the Rishis' wives, transformed into a household fire to be near them. However, his love remained unrequited, and he retreated to a forest, intent on self-destruction. Swaha, discovering his secret longing, devised a plan to disguise herself as the Rishis' wives and unite with the fire god in a union of love.
224Swaha, as Siva, united with Agni, resulting in Skanda's birth. She threw the semen into a golden lake on the White Mountain, and Skanda grew rapidly, born with six faces and twelve ears. He played with a bow and arrows, his roars thundering through the land, showcasing his unmatched strength.
225Markandeya spoke of Skanda's birth, causing fearful phenomena and reversing natural order. Rishis sought tranquility, unaware Swaha was the true author. Viswamitra knew the truth, performed ceremonies, and proclaimed Skanda's virtues. Celestials feared Skanda's prowess, asking Sakra to kill him, but he refused. The Mothers adopted Skanda as their son, and Agni honored him, bringing toys in a transformed state.
226Markandeya continued, "Skanda, Agni's son, marched against Indra, who hurled his thunderbolt, piercing Skanda's right side. From Skanda's body emerged Visakha, born from the thunderbolt's piercing. Indra, frightened, sought Skanda's protection, begging for mercy. Skanda bid Indra renounce fear, and the gods rejoiced, their hands striking up in celebration."
227Markandeya continued, "Skanda's strike by the thunderbolt birthed male and female children, including child-stealing creatures. Bhadrasakha, with a goat-like face, guarded his sons and daughters. Skanda is considered the father of Kumaras. The mothers' son, Sisu, was born with Skanda's blessing, known as the eighth or ninth hero, depending on whether Bhadrasakha is included."
228Skanda, adorned with gold and dressed in red, granted boons and was brave, youthful, and handsome. He took leadership of celestial forces, was anointed by Indra and gods, and honored by Rudra. He married Devasena and was served by gods of prosperity, attaining celebrity on the fifth lunar day.
229Skanda's mothers, wives of the seven Rishis, were cast out and adopted him as their son. Skanda granted them protection and promised to repay his obligation. Evil spirits like Putana Rakshasi, Sita Putana, and Raivata afflict children. Skanda created a fiery being to devour mortal progeny, known as Skandapasmara. These spirits are propitiated with offerings and worship of Skanda, bestowing valour and long life.
230Skanda's mothers, wives of the seven Rishis, adopted him as their son. Evil spirits like Putana Rakshasi afflict children. Skanda's worship protects against diseases and afflictions, and he is the son of Rudra, leader of celestial forces. His worship is essential for children's well-being.
231Draupadi and Satyabhama met in a hermitage, and Satyabhama asked how Draupadi ruled over her strong and handsome husbands. Draupadi replied that her power came from devotion, service, and selfless love, not incantations or drugs. She served them with humility, controlled her desires, and prioritized their needs. Her devotion was unwavering, and she believed harming her husband would be an eternal sin.
232Draupadi advises Satyabhama to win Krishna's heart by showing love, respect, and devotion. Be attentive, grateful, and humble. Keep confidences, support his loved ones, and avoid harmful influences. Conduct yourself modestly and cultivate virtuous friendships. Prioritize your relationship with your husband.
233Vaisampayana said, "Krishna bid farewell to the Pandavas and called for Satyabhama. She embraced Draupadi, predicting victory and reunion with her sons. Satyabhama reassured her that their sons were thriving in Dwaravati, loved by all, including Rama. With these words, she joined Krishna and departed, leaving the Pandavas comforted."
234Vaisampayana told Janamejaya about the Pandavas' life in the forest, where they received visits from ascetics. A Brahmana visited them and later went to Dhritarashtra's court, speaking of their hardships and Krishna's suffering. The king lamented his sons' fate, regretting his role in their downfall.
235Sakuni and Karna urged Duryodhana to visit the Pandavas in exile, saying, "Behold them in poverty, divested of sovereignty and prosperity! Let your wife, dressed in costly robes, look at Krishna in barks and deer-skins, and enhance her grief. You'll derive greater happiness from seeing your foes in adversity."
236Duryodhana wanted to visit the exiled Pandavas, but feared his father's disapproval. Karna suggested a pretext: supervising their cattle stations in the woods. Sakuni agreed, and they planned to present this motive to the king, confident in their scheme. They laughed and gave each other their hands.
237Duryodhana, Karna, and Sakuni asked Dhritarashtra to visit their cattle stations, citing the need to supervise the tale and marking of calves. Despite reservations, the king granted permission, and they set out with a large retinue for the lake Dwaitavana, where the Pandavas were also staying.
 
 
 
11 Draupadi-harana Parva 30 88.5 1:13:45
238Duryodhana arrived at the cattle stations, supervised the tale and marking of calves, and began to sport and wander cheerfully. He hunted animals and reached the lake of Dwaitavana, where the king of the Gandharvas refused to let him enter, rebuking his warriors harshly.
239Duryodhana's soldiers advanced despite the Gandharvas' warning. The Gandharvas attacked, and the Kuru soldiers fled, except for Karna, who fought single-handedly. Despite being outnumbered, Karna held his ground, but his car was broken, and he fled on Vikarna's car.
240Duryodhana fought valiantly but was taken prisoner by Chitrasena. The Gandharvas also captured his brothers and the ladies of the royal household. The soldiers begged the Pandavas to rescue Duryodhana, but Bhima responded with sarcas m, saying his downfall was due to his own evil counsels.
241Yudhishthira urged his brothers to rescue Duryodhana, arguing that they couldn't let a stranger insult their family honor. Arjuna pledged to rescue the Kauravas, vowing to use force if necessary. Hearing this, the Kauravas regained their composure. Yudhishthira asked Bhima to try conciliation first, then force if needed.
242The Pandavas prepared for battle, donning armor and celestial weapons. They rode chariots, looking like blazing fires. Arjuna asked the Gandharvas to release Duryodhana, but they refused. The battle was fierce, with both sides exchanging showers of arrows. The Pandavas fought intensely, determined to rescue Duryodhana.
243The Gandharvas attacked the Pandavas, but Arjuna used his Agneya weapon to kill thousands. Bhima and the twins also slew hundreds. The Gandharvas rose into the skies, but Arjuna surrounded them with a net of arrows and mangled their limbs. Chitrasena attacked Arjuna, but was eventually defeated.
244Arjuna asked Chitrasena why he was punishing the Kauravas. Chitrasena said he was following the lord of the celestials' orders. Yudhishthira liberated the Kauravas and thanked the Gandharvas. The Gandharvas left, and the lord of the celestials revived the slain Gandharvas. Yudhishthira advised Duryodhana to never act rashly again.
245Duryodhana, defeated and ashamed, returned to Hastinapura, his heart heavy with grief. Karna greeted him, relieved he was alive and had defeated the Gandharvas. Karna confessed he had fled in fear, amazed by Duryodhana's victory. Duryodhana replied, his voice choked with tears.
246Duryodhana said, 'O Radheya, thou knowest not what hath happened. Therefore, I do not resent thy words. Thou thinkest the hostile Gandharvas to have been vanquished by me with my own energy. O thou of mighty arms, my brothers, indeed had for a long time, aided by me fought with the Gandharvas.'
247Duryodhana said, 'That slayer of hostile heroes, Arjuna, then approaching Chitrasena, smilingly addressed him in these manly words: 'O hero, O foremost of the Gandharvas, it behoveth thee to set my brothers at liberty. They are incapable of being insulted as long as the sons of Pandu are alive.'
248Karna continued, 'O king, this conduct of thine to-day appeareth to be childish. O hero, O slayer of foes, what is to be wondered at in this that the Pandavas liberated thee when thou wert vanquished by the foe? O son of the Kuru race, those that reside in the territories of the king...'
249Sakuni tries to comfort Duryodhana, who is resolved to starve himself to death. Sakuni reminds Duryodhana of his past prosperity and advises him to be grateful to the Pandavas for liberating him. He suggests that Duryodhana should return the Pandavas' kingdom and establish a brotherly relationship with them.
250The Danavas try to persuade Duryodhana not to give up and end his life. They remind him of his celestial origin and the fact that he is surrounded by heroes and illustrious men. They tell him that suicide is a sinful act that will lead to hell and calumnious speech.
251Janamejaya said, "When the high-souled sons of Pritha were living in the forest, what did those foremost of men and mighty archers--the sons of Dhritarashtra--do? And what did the offspring of the Sun, Karna, and the mighty Sakuni, and Bhishma, and Drona, and Kripa do? Vaisampayana said, "When, O mighty king, in this manner the Pandavas had gone, leaving Suyodhana,"
252Vaisampayana continued, "Then, O bull among the Bharatas, that mighty bowman, Karna, surrounded by a large army, besieged the beautiful city of Drupada. And he, after a hard conflict, brought the hero under subjection, and, O best of monarchs, made Drupada contribute silver and gold and gems, and also pay tribute."
253Vaisampayana continued, "O king, O lord of men, that slayer of hostile heroes, the Suta's son, said these words to Duryodhana, 'O Kaurava Duryodhana, do thou lay unto thy heart the words that I shall tell thee; and, O represser of foes, after having heard my words, it behoveth thee to act accordingly every way.
254Vaisampayana continued, "Then all the artisans, the principal counsellors, and the highly wise Vidura said unto Dhritarashtra's son, "All the preparations for the excellent sacrifice have been made, O king; and the time also hath come, O Bharata. And the exceedingly precious golden plough hath been constructed.'
255Vaisampayana said, "While, O great king, Duryodhana was entering (the city), the panegyrists eulogized the prince of unfailing prowess. And others also eulogized that mighty bowman and foremost of kings. And sprinkling over him fried paddy and sandal paste the citizens said, 'By good luck it is, O king, that thy sacrifice hath been completed without obstruction.'
256Janamejaya said, 'After having delivered Duryodhana, what did the mighty sons of Pandu do in that forest? It behoveth thee to tell me this.' Vaisampayana said, "Once on a time, as Yudhishthira lay down at night in the Dwaita woods, some deer, with accents choked in tears, presented themselves before him in his dreams."
257Vaisampayana continued, "Dwelling in the woods, O bull of the Bharata race, the high-souled Pandavas spent one and ten years in a miserable plight. And although deserving of happiness, those foremost of men, brooding over their circumstances, passed their days miserably, living on fruits and roots."
258Yudhishthira said, "Why did that high-souled one give away a drona of corn? And, O eminently pious one, to whom and in what prescribed way did he give it? Do thou tell me this. Surely, I consider the life of that virtuous person as having borne fruit...
259The messenger of the gods said, 'O great sage, thou art of simple understanding; since, having secured that celestial bliss which bringeth great honour, thou art still deliberating like an unwise person. O Muni, that region which is known as heaven, existeth there above us.'
260Janamejaya said, "While the high-souled Pandavas were living in those woods, delighted with the pleasant conversation they held with the Munis, and engaged in distributing the food they obtained from the sun, with various kinds of venison to Brahmanas and others that came to them for edibles till the hour of Krishna's meal, how, O great Muni, did Duryodhana...
 
 
 
 
12 Pativrata-mahatmya Parva 18 79 1:05:50
 
 
 
 
 
13 Aranya Parva 20 118.5 1:38:45
 
 
 
 
 
261Vaisampayana said, "One day, having previously ascertained that the Pandavas were all seated at their ease and that Krishna was reposing herself after her meal, the sage Durvasa, surrounded by ten thousand disciples repaired to that forest. The illustrious and upright king Yudhishthira, seeing that guest arrived, advanced with his mothers to receive him."
262Vaisampayana said, "These great warriors of the race of Bharata sojourned like immortals in the great forest of Kamyaka, employed in hunting and pleased with the sight of numerous wild tracts of country and wide reaches of woodland, gorgeous with flowers blossoming in season. And the sons of Pandu, each like unto Indra..."
263Kotika said, "Excellent lady, who art thou that standest alone, leaning on a branch of the Kadamva tree at this hermitage and looking grand like a flame of fire blazing at night time, and fanned by the wind? Exquisitely beautiful as thou art, how is it that thou feelest not any fear in these forests?"
264Vaisampayana continued, "The princess Draupadi, thus questioned by that ornament of Sivi's race, moved her eyes gently, and letting go her hold of the Kadamva blanch and arranging her silken apparel she said, I am aware, O prince, that it is not proper for a person like me to address you thus..."
265Vaisampayana said, "O Bharata, Kotikakhya related to those princes who had been waiting, all that had passed between him and Krishna. And hearing Kotikakhya's words, Jayadratha said to that scion of the race of Sivi, 'Having listened only to her speech, my heart has been lovingly inclined towards that ornament of womankind...'
266Vaisampayana said, "The daughter of Drupada, though naturally handsome, was suffused with crimson arising from a fit of anger. And with eyes inflamed and eye-brows bent in wrath, she reproved the ruler of the Suviras, saying, 'Art thou not ashamed, O fool, to use such insulting words in respect of those celebrated and terrible warriors..."
267Vaisampayana said, "Meanwhile those foremost of bowmen on the face of the earth, having wandered separately and ranged in all directions, and having slain plenty of deer and buffaloes, at length met together. And observing that great forest, which was crowded with hosts of deer and wild beasts, resounding with the shrill cries of birds..."
268Vaisampayana said, "The hostile Kshatriyas, incensed at sight of Bhimasena and Arjuna, sent up a loud shout in the forest. And the wicked king Jayadratha, when he saw the standards of those bulls of the Kuru race, lost his heart, and addressing the resplendent Yagnaseni seated on his car, said, 'Those five great warriors, O Krishna, that are coming, are I believe, thy husbands."
269Vaisampayana said, "Meanwhile, the king of Sindhu was giving orders to those princes, saying, 'Halt, strike, march, quick', and like. And on seeing Bhima, Arjuna and the twin brothers with Yudhishthira, the soldiers sent up a loud shout on the field of battle. And the warriors of the Sivi, Sauvira and Sindhu tribes, at the sight of those powerful heroes looking like fierce tigers, lost heart."
270Vaisampayana said, "Jayadratha flying for his life upon beholding those two brothers with upraised arms, was sorely grieved and bolted off with speed and coolness. But the mighty and indignant Bhimasena, descending from his chariot, ran after him thus fleeing, and seized him by the hair of his head."
271Janamejaya said, "What did those tigers among men, the Pandavas, do, after they had suffered such misery in consequence of the ravishment of Draupadi?" Vaisampayana said, "Having defeated Jayadratha and rescued Krishna, the virtuous king Yudhishthira took his seat by the side of that best of Munis."
272Markandeya said, 'O bull of the Bharata race, even Rama suffered unparalleled misery, for the evil-minded Ravana, king of the Rakshasas, having recourse to deceit and overpowering the vulture Jatayu, forcibly carried away his wife Sita from his asylum in the woods.'
273Markandeya said, "The Muni named Visrava, who was begotten of half the soul of Pulastya, in a fit of passion, began to look upon Vaisravana with great anger. But, O monarch, Kuvera, the king of the Rakshasas, knowing that his father was angry with him, always sought to please him."
274Markandeya said, 'Then the Brahmarshis, the Siddhas and the Devarshis, with Havyavaha as their spokesman, sought the protection of Brahma. And Agni said, 'That powerful son of Visrava, the Ten-headed cannot be slain on account of thy boon!
275Yudhishthira said, 'O adorable one, thou hast described to me in detail the history of the birth of Rama and others. I wish to learn the cause of their exile. Do thou, O Brahmana, relate why the sons of Dasaratha--the brothers Rama and Lakshmana--went to the forest with famous princess of Mithila.' Markandeya said, 'The pious king Dasaratha, ever mindful of the old and assiduous in religious ceremonies, was greatly pleased when these sons were born.'
276Markandeya said, 'Beholding Ravana come, Maricha received him with a respectful welcome, and offered him fruits and roots. And after Ravana had taken his seat, and rested himself a while, Maricha skilled in speech, sat beside Ravana and addressed him, saying, 'Thy complexion hath assumed an unnatural hue; is it all right with thy kingdom, O king of the Rakshasas?'
277Markandeya said, 'That heroic king of the vultures, Jatayu, having Sampati for his uterine brother and Arjuna himself for his father, was a friend of Dasaratha. And beholding his daughter-in-law Sita on the lap of Ravana, that ranger of the skies rushed in wrath against the king of the Rakshasas. And the vulture addressed Ravana, saying, 'Leave the princess of Mithila, leave her I say!'
278Markandeya said, 'Afflicted with grief at the abduction of Sita, Rama had not to go much further before he came upon Pampa--that lake which abounded with lotuses of various kinds. And fanned by the cool, delicious and fragrant breezes in those woods, Rama suddenly remembered his dear spouse. And, O mighty monarch, thinking of that dear wife of his...'
279Markandeya said, 'And while the chaste Sita was dwelling there afflicted with melancholy and grief on account of her lord, attired in mean garb, with but a single jewel (on the marital thread on her wrist), and incessantly weeping, seated on a stone, and waited upon by Rakshasa women, Ravana... came to her and approached her presence.'
280Markandeya said, 'Meanwhile the illustrious descendant of Raghu, along with his brother, hospitably treated by Sugriva, continued to dwell on the breast of the Malyavat hill, beholding every day the clear blue sky. And one night, while gazing from the mountain-top on the bright moon in the cloudless sky...'
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281Markandeya said, 'It was on the breast of that very hill where Rama was seated with those foremost of monkeys that great monkey chiefs at the command of Sugriva, began to flock together. The father-in-law of Vali, the illustrious Sushena, accompanied by a thousand crores of active apes, came to Rama.
282Markandeya said, 'Having quartered his army in those groves abounding with food and water and with fruits and roots, the descendant of Kakutstha began to watch over them with care. Ravana, on the other hand, planted in his city many appliances constructed according to the rules of military science.
283Markandeya said, 'And while those troops (thus withdrawn) were reposing themselves in their quarters, many little Rakshasas and Pisachas owning Ravana as their leader, penetrated amongst them. And among these were Parvana, Patana, Jambha, Khara, Krodha-vasa, Hari, Praruja, Aruja and Praghasa, and others.
284Markandeya said, "Then Prahasta, suddenly advancing up to Vibhishana and uttering a loud yell, struck him with his mace. But though struck with that mace of terrible force, the mighty-armed Vibhishana of great wisdom, without wavering in the least, stood still as the mountains of Himavat.
285Markandeya said, "Then Kumbhakarna set out from the city, accompanied by his followers. And soon he beheld the victorious monkey troops encamped before him. And passing them by with the object of seeking out Rama, he beheld the son of Sumitra standing at his post, bow in hand.
286Markandeya said, "Learning that Kumbhakarna had with his followers, fallen in battle as also that great warrior Prahasta, and Dhumraksha too of mighty energy, Ravana then addressed his heroic son Indrajit saying, 'O slayer of foes, slay thou in battle Rama and Sugriva and Lakshmana. My good son, it was by thee that this blazing fame of mine had been acquired...
287Markandeya said, "Beholding both the brothers Rama and Lakshmana prostrate on the ground, the son of Ravana tied them in a net-work of those arrows of his which he had obtained as boons. And tied by Indrajit on the field of battle by means of that arrowy net, those heroic tigers among men resembled a couple of hawks immured in a cage.
288Markandeya said, "The Ten-necked (Ravana), excited to fury at the death of his beloved son, ascended his car decked with gold and gems. And surrounded by terrible Rakshasas with various kinds of weapons in their hands, Ravana rushed towards Rama, fighting with numerous monkey-chiefs.
289Markandeya said, "Having slain Ravana, that wretched king of the Rakshasas and foe of the celestials, Rama with his friends and Sumitra's son rejoiced exceedingly. And after the Ten-necked (Rakshasa) hath been slain, the celestials with the Rishis at their head, worshipped Rama of mighty arms, blessing and uttering the word Jaya repeatedly.
290Markandeya said, "It was thus, O mighty-armed one, that Rama of immeasurable energy had suffered of old such excessive calamity in consequence of his exile in the woods! O tiger among men, do not grieve, for, O chastiser of foes, thou art Kshatriya! Thou too treadest in the path in which strength of arms is to be put forth,--the path that leadeth to tangible rewards.
291Yudhishthira said, "O mighty sage, I do not so much grieve for myself or these my brothers or the loss of my kingdom as I do for this daughter of Drupada. When we were afflicted at the game of the dice by those wicked-souled ones, it was Krishna that delivered us. And she was forcibly carried off from the forest by Jayadratha.
292Markandeya continued, 'On one occasion, O Bharata, when that king, the lord of the Madras, was seated with Narada in the midst of his court, engaged in conversation, Savitri, accompanied by the king's counsellors, came to her father's abode after having visited various sacred regions and asylums. And beholding her father seated with Narada, she worshipped the feet of both by bending down her head.
293Markandeya said, 'Having pondered over these words (of Narada) about his daughter's marriage, the king began to make arrangements about the nuptials. And summoning all the old Brahmanas, and Ritwijas together with the priests, he set out with his daughter on an auspicious day. And arriving at the asylum of Dyumatsena in the sacred forest, the king approached the royal sage on foot, accompanied by the twice-born ones.
294Markandeya said, 'At length, O king, after a long time had passed away, the hour that had been appointed for the death of Satyavan arrived. And as the words that had been spoken by Narada were ever present in the mind of Savitri, she had counted the days as they passed. And having ascertained that her husband would die on the fourth day following, the damsel fasted day and night, observing the Triratra vow.
295Markandeya said, The powerful Satyavan then, accompanied by his wife, plucked fruits and filled his wallet with them. And he then began to fell branches of trees. And as he was hewing them, he began to perspire. And in consequence of that exercise his head began to ache.
296Markandeya continued, 'Then having applauded and reverenced that best of women, those Rishis there assembled bade farewell to that foremost of kings as well as to his son. And having saluted them thus, they speedily went, in peace with cheerful hearts, to their respective abodes. And the king, with his ministers and wife, and Satyavan with his wife, were all reunited.'
297Markandeya continued, 'When the night had passed away, and the solar orb had risen, those ascetics, having performed their morning rites, assembled together. And they brought tidings of the enemy of Dyumatsena having been slain by his own minister. And they related unto him all that had happened, viz., how having heard that the usurper had been slain...'
298Vaisampayana continued, "Surya then said, 'O Karna, thou art possessed of great wisdom and courage! Thy vow is known to me, and I also know thy fame! But, O son, listen to my words! Though thou art acquainted with the truth of thy vow, yet, for thy own good, I will repeat it!' "
299Surya continued, "O Karna, thou art a worshipper of mine, and I am pleased with thy devotion. I tell thee this for thy benefit, as I am thy friend and well-wisher. Thou art a mighty-armed one, and thou desirest fame at the expense of thy life. But, O son, fame is for the living, not for the dead."
300Vaisampayana continued, "And Karna, having obtained the dart, thought that he was invincible, and he began to despise Arjuna. But, O king, fate is all-powerful, and it was ordained that Karna was to be slain by Arjuna. And though Karna knew this, he still felt a sense of pride and security, for he had the dart...
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301Vaisampayana continued, "Then Kuntibhoja's daughter, Pritha, hearing these words of her father, took the Brahmana to her abode, and treated him with respect. And she ministered unto him, devotedly, with food and drink, and gave him a bed to sleep on. And she herself slept on the floor..."
302And duly waiting upon that Brahmana as if he were a very god, she gratified him highly. And that best of Brahmanas, pleased with her service, granted her a boon. And he said, "O Pritha, thou shalt be the mother of a son, who shall be the foremost of all men, and shall be known as the son of the Sun."
303And Kunti, having obtained the mantra, was filled with joy. And she thought that she had achieved the greatest success. And from that day on, she was devoted to the service of the celestials. And she invoked the celestials, using the mantra. And the celestials, bound by the power of the mantra, appeared before her.
304Vaisampayana continued, "The princess, filled with shame and fear, again addressed Surya, saying, 'O lord of rays, I am yet a maiden and unwed. My father, the king, is still alive. I cannot surrender myself to thee without his consent. If I do so, it will be a great wrong to my father and my family.'"
305Vaisampayana continued, "And she passed her days in happiness and contentment, waiting for the time when her child should be born. And as the days went by, her womb grew larger, and her beauty and grace increased. And she felt the child moving within her, and she knew that it was a mighty and powerful being."
306And he grew up to be a great hero, and was known far and wide for his bravery and strength. And he was especially skilled in the use of weapons, and was a master of the bow and arrow. And he was also very wise, and knew the secrets of the Vedas.
307Take this mail, and these ear-rings, and this coat of armour, for they are equal to thy celestial weapons!' And Indra said, 'I shall take them, but thou shalt be bereft of thy natural armour, and thy life shall be in danger!' And Karna replied, 'I shall give them up, for I am prepared to face any danger!'
308And they all told one another about their respective adventures, and the defeats they had suffered at the hands of the enemies. And they also told about the various wonderful things they had seen, and the great merits they had acquired. And they all congratulated one another on their reunion, and on their having outlived the term of their exile.
309Yudhishthira replied, 'O Nakula, it is for this reason that we have met with this disaster, that our virtue and wealth have been impaired by our own fault. We have, for a long time, practised virtue, and our wealth hath been immense. But, O Nakula, we have, on this occasion, committed a fault.'
310And beholding that lake, Yudhishthira, the son of Kunti, approached it, and saw his brothers, the sons of Madri, and Bhima, and Arjuna, lying dead. And seeing them, he was filled with great sorrow, and began to lament in a piteous tone. And, O king, he exclaimed, 'O, what a calamity hath befallen us!'
311And seeing them, he was filled with great sorrow, and began to lament in a piteous tone. And, O king, he exclaimed, 'O, what a calamity hath befallen us! What a misfortune hath been ours! Oh, how the fates have conspired against us!'
312And he also attaineth a life that is free from danger, and that is characterized by peace and prosperity. And the man who layeth this story to heart, attaineth also the region of the virtuous, and his mind is always devoted to the pursuit of virtue.
313And then, having sat down, those heroes, the five Pandavas, equipped in vows, began to consider how they should spend the thirteenth year, unknown to the sons of Dhritarashtra. And Yudhishthira said, 'We must spend this year in such a way that our enemies may not discover us.'
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1Bhima said, 'I shall present myself as a cook, Vallabha by name, skilled in dressing dishes. And I shall enter the service of the king, and shall gratify him with various kinds of food and drinks. And I shall also, O king, instruct the cooks of the king in the preparation of various dishes.'
2Nakula said, 'I intend to present myself before the lord of Virata as a keeper of horses, and my name shall be Granthika. And I shall enter the service of the king, and shall gratify him with my knowledge of horses. And I shall also, O king, tend to the horses of the king, and shall dress them in harness...'
3Draupadi replied, 'I shall conduct myself, O king, in such a way that no blame may attach to me. I shall be always careful and shall never go astray. I shall serve Sudeshna with devotion and humility, and shall always seek her protection.'
4Vaisampayana said, 'Those tigers among men, the Pandavas, with their beloved wife, Droupadi, and their priest, Dhaumya, and Indrasena, and others, having thus taken counsel, and resolved upon their respective offices, and the order of their residence, and the disposal of their wealth...'
5And they took up their residence in a potter's house, and lived there, disguised and unknown, with their weapons laid aside. And Yudhishthira, and Dhananjaya, and Bhimasena, and Nakula, and Sahadeva, and Krsna, the daughter of Drupada, lived in the city, passing their days in the guise of brahmanas, and their nights in the potter's house.
6And Yudhishthira, with his brothers, and Droupadi, lived in the potter's house, and followed the profession of mendicants, and studied the Vedas, and the arts, and the science of arms. And they lived on alms, and wore the dress of brahmanas, and were engaged in the study of the Vedas, and the performance of sacrifices.
7And Yudhishthira, that tiger among men, began to live in the city of Virata, surrounded by plenty and prosperity. And he began to sport and roam in the gardens and pleasure grounds of the city, like a celestial in the gardens of Nandana.
8And Bhima, that tiger among men, began to live in the city of Virata, surrounded by plenty and prosperity. And he began to sport and roam in the gardens and pleasure grounds of the city, like a celestial in the gardens of Nandana. And he began to attend the court of Virata,
9And so Draupadi, disguised as a Sairindhri, entered the service of Queen Sudeshna, and began to live in the city of Virata. And she served the queen with dedication and skill, dressing her hair and making beautiful garlands for her. And the queen, pleased with her service,
10And so Sahadeva, disguised as a cowherd, entered the service of King Virata, and began to live in the city of Virata. And he tended the king's cattle with skill and dedication, and the king was pleased with his service. And Sahadeva, ever vigilant, used to gather information
11And so Arjuna, disguised as Vrihannala, lived in the palace of King Virata, teaching singing and dancing to the princess Uttara and her friends. And though he was a great warrior, he hid his true identity and lived among the women of the palace, enjoying their company and sharing in their pleasures.
12And so Nakula, disguised as Granthika, entered the service of King Virata, and began to tend to the king's horses with great skill and care. And the king was pleased with his work, and praised him highly, and made him the manager of all his horses. And Nakula used this opportunity
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54Sanjaya said, "You're wise, O king, but follow your sons' counsel. You injured the Pandavas, laughed at their loss, and didn't intervene when they were insulted. Arjuna's arrows will consume us all. His car, with the blazing Ape banner, will destroy us like the wheel of Time."
55Duryodhana said, "We can vanquish the foe! Bhishma, Drona, Kripa, and Karna are equal to celestials and can defeat Sakra himself. Arjuna can't face them alone, and united, they'll slay him. My success is certain, and my foes' defeat is inevitable."
56Duryodhana asked Sanjaya about Yudhishthira's army. Sanjaya replied that the Pandavas were ready for battle, with Arjuna's celestial car adorned with divine banners and pulled by white, celestial steeds. The other Pandavas had similar divine steeds, presented by the celestials, and were eager for combat.
57Dhritarashtra asked Sanjaya about the Pandavas' army and allies. Sanjaya replied that Krishna, Chekitana, Satyaki, Drupada, Virata, and other kings had joined the Pandavas. Dhrishtadyumna led the host, and the Pandavas had assigned their opponents to various warriors. Dhritarashtra feared defeat and his sons' death, but Duryodhana was confident in his own strength. Dhrishtadyumna urged the Pandavas to fight, and Yudhishthira relied on him to rescue them.
58Dhritarashtra appealed to Duryodhana to make peace with the Pandavas, warning of devastating consequences. But Duryodhana refused, boasting he and Karna could defeat them. He vowed to conquer or die, and wouldn't surrender any land. Dhritarashtra lamented, foreseeing the Kauravas' downfall and the Pandavas' victory.
59Sanjaya found Krishna and Arjuna seated on a golden dais, their feet resting on each other's laps. He conveyed Dhritarashtra's message, and Krishna spoke, warning of danger and urging peace. Krishna declared Arjuna invincible, and Arjuna echoed his determination to win. Sanjaya saw the Pandavas' victory and the Kauravas' defeat.
60Dhritarashtra weighed the merits and demerits, realizing the Pandavas had human and divine support, while the Kurus were weaker. He feared Arjuna's celestial bow and quivers, and his car striking fear into their enemies. He saw Arjuna as superhuman, capable of defeating the gods, and urged Duryodhana to seek peace, deeming the Pandavas mightier.
61Duryodhana scoffed at his father's fears, boasting his powers surpass those of the gods. He claimed he could extinguish Agni's flames, reunite sundered mountains, and calm tempests. He asserted his superiority in intelligence, energy, and knowledge, predicting the defeat of the Pandavas and their allies.
62Karna boasted of slaying the Pandavas, citing his Brahma weapon from Rama. Bhishma rebuked him, predicting defeat and the destruction of his weapons by Krishna and Arjuna. Karna, offended, laid down his weapons and vowed to only appear in court. Bhishma laughed, questioning Karna's promises and mocking his claims of virtue.
63Vidura rebuked Duryodhana's boastfulness, emphasizing the importance of self-restraint and righteous conduct. He praised the virtues of self-restraint, including forgiveness, truthfulness, contentment, and control over the senses. Vidura encouraged Duryodhana to cultivate self-restraint and follow the righteous path, rather than relying on strength and pride alone.
64Vidura told stories of a fowler and honey on a mountain, warning Dhritarashtra that family division leads to destruction. He urged reconciliation with Yudhishthira, citing Arjuna's past victories and the strength of his allies. Vidura cautioned that war would bring irreparable losses, imploring Dhritarashtra to unite the family and avoid destruction.
65Dhritarashtra warned Duryodhana: "Don't underestimate the Pandavas! They're like the five elements, unstoppable. Listen to Bhishma, Drona, and others; share the kingdom and avoid war. Krishna's power is unmatched; don't challenge him. Seek peace, lest our dynasty falls."
66Sanjaya conveyed Arjuna's message to Dhritarashtra, warning of devastating war consequences and urging him to grant Yudhishthira his rightful share of the kingdom to avoid bloodshed.
67Dhritarashtra asked Sanjaya to assess the strengths and weaknesses of both armies, but Sanjaya refused to answer in secret, fearing the king's wrath. He suggested that Vyasa and Gandhari be present to ensure a truthful response. With them present, Sanjaya revealed the fate that awaited the Kauravas and Pandavas in the impending battle.
68Sanjaya describes Krishna's divine nature, superior strength, and unparalleled power. He warns Dhritarashtra that Krishna's purpose is to destroy his wicked sons, and that he is the Lord of Time, Death, and the Universe, beguiling all with his illusion.
69Dhritarashtra asked Sanjaya about his knowledge of Krishna's divine nature. Sanjaya explained that his own knowledge was unwavering, describing Krishna as the creator of all and the union of the Gross, Subtle, and Cause. He emphasized the importance of self-control and spiritual knowledge to attain true understanding and protection.
70Sanjaya describes Krishna's divine names and attributes, revealing their meanings and significance. He explains that Krishna's names symbolize his unity with eternal peace, his triumph over demons, and his role as creator, preserver, and destroyer. Sanjaya highlights Krishna's eternal nature, self-control, splendor, and all-encompassing knowledge, emphasizing his divine nature and supreme being.
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71Dhritarashtra envies those who will behold Krishna, describing him as a radiant, courageous, and eloquent leader, the slayer of foes, and destroyer of enemies' fame. He reveres Krishna as eternal, omniscient, and infinite, the creator and destroyer of all, and surrenders himself to his supremacy.
72Yudhishthira asks Krishna for help, recounting their hardships and Dhritarashtra's unfair offer. Krishna offers to negotiate a peace, but Yudhishthira fears for his safety. Krishna reassures him, confident in his ability to protect himself and negotiate a favorable outcome. Yudhishthira entrusts Krishna with the task, relying on his wisdom and diplomatic skills.
73Krishna urges Yudhishthira to embrace his Kshatriya duty and vanquish his enemies, as cowardice is not befitting of a warrior. He recounts Duryodhana's wrongdoings and advises Yudhishthira to slay him, as he deserves death for his wicked deeds. Krishna offers to negotiate peace, but warns of inevitable war and advises preparation.
74Bhima urges Krishna to approach Duryodhana with mildness, describing him as sinful, arrogant, and hostile. He recalls happy days when the Kauravas and Pandavas lived together, but fears Duryodhana's wrath will destroy their race. Bhima likens him to destructive historical figures and begs Krishna to find a way to reach his heart, seeking peace over war.
75Kesava addresses Bhima, surprised by his sudden desire for peace, recalling Bhima's previous vows to slay Duryodhana. He suggests Bhima's fear and panic have led him to seek peace, and urges him to recall his deeds and duty as a Kshatriya, to stand firm and not yield to grief and fear.
76Bhima replies to Vasudeva, "You know my delight in battle, my unyielding spirit, and my unwavering resolve. I can keep the firmament and earth asunder with my arms! My mace-like arms can crush anyone who comes within their grasp. I will trample all Kshatriyas who come against the Pandavas."
77Krishna speaks to Bhima, "I spoke out of affection, not reproach. Human acts are doubtful, and success comes from both Destiny and Exertion. Don't be pained by failure or delighted by success. I'll strive for peace, but if war comes, the burden will be on you and Arjuna."
78Arjuna said, "O Krishna, you doubt peace is possible due to Dhritarashtra's greed and our weakness. But nothing is impossible. You are our foremost friend, like Prajapati to gods and Asuras. Strive for peace or accomplish our good through other means. Duryodhana deserves destruction for his evil deeds, including depriving us of our kingdom. Act without delay for our benefit."
79Krishna said, "I'll strive for peace, but it requires providential cooperation. Human effort alone is insufficient. Duryodhana, driven by sinful inclinations, won't make peace without a fight. His refusal will lead to his downfall, ordained in heaven. I'll do my best, but don't expect peace with the foe."
80Nakula said, "Disregard the enemy's wishes and act accordingly. Our wishes have changed since our exile ended and we've assembled a mighty army. Speak words of mildness and threat to agitate Suyodhana with fear. Your words will accomplish Yudhishthira's desired object, with Vidura's wisdom and your eloquence persuading them to see reason."
81Sahadeva and Satyaki urged Krishna to provoke war with the Kauravas, seeking revenge for Draupadi's humiliation and their own suffering. The warriors roared in approval, eager for battle, and praised Satyaki's words: "Excellent! Excellent!"
82Krishna, Drupada's daughter, tearfully implored Krishna to aid the Pandavas, recalling her humiliation and suffering at the hands of Duryodhana's gang. She held up her seized tresses as a symbol of her plight. Krishna comforted her, promising victory for the Pandavas and defeat for their enemies, fulfilling the duty of Kshatriyas to punish the wicked.
83Krishna agreed to bring peace between the Pandavas and Dhritarashtra's sons, preparing his chariot and setting off with Satyaki. Auspicious animals and birds followed, and favorable winds blew. Many Rishis joined him, and Yudhishthira asked Krishna to comfort their mother and salute their allies. Arjuna threatened to annihilate the Kshatriya race if their demands weren't met.
84Krishna journeyed to Hastinapura with a large retinue, accompanied by omens like thunder, reversed river flows, and fires. However, his path was filled with auspicious signs, including fragrant flowers, delicious breezes, and worship from Brahmanas and women.
85Dhritarashtra urged his advisors to prepare for Krishna's reception, emphasizing Krishna's greatness and the importance of gratifying him. Delightful pavilions were erected, adorned with gems, and luxuries were provided. However, Krishna arrived without noticing the opulence, focused on his mission to negotiate peace between the Pandavas and Kauravas.
86Dhritarashtra announced Krishna's arrival to Vidura, extolling his virtues as leader of the Ahukas, guardian of the Vrishni kingdom, and a high-souled being. He offered Krishna extravagant gifts, including golden cars, elephants, maid-servants, and precious gems. Dhritarashtra instructed his family and citizens to receive Krishna with respect and reverence.
87Vidura advised Dhritarashtra to sincerity and honesty with Krishna, warning that attempts to bribe him would fail. He urged the king to offer Krishna peace between the Kurus and Pandavas, reminding him of his paternal duty. Vidura cautioned against deceiving Krishna with false hospitality, emphasizing his true purpose was peace.
88Duryodhana opposed honoring Krishna, fearing weakness. He proposed imprisoning Krishna, believing it would lead to the Pandavas' submission. Dhritarashtra and Bhishma were outraged, recognizing it as a grave injustice. Bhishma rebuked Duryodhana, warning of his downfall, and stormed out. Dhritarashtra urged Duryodhana to reconsider, but he refused.
89Krishna departed for the city of the Kurus, surrounded by devoted followers. The citizens bid him farewell, and all the Kurus, except Duryodhana, came out to meet him. The city was adorned with jewels and gems, and Krishna's chariot moved slowly through the crowd. He was greeted by Dhritarashtra, Bhishma, Drona, and Kripa, and honored with a golden seat and offerings. Then, he went to Vidura's abode, where he shared news of the Pandavas' activities.
90Pritha lamented her sons' fate, exiled to the forest. She remembered their luxurious upbringing and current hardships. She praised Krishna, trusting his power to help. He consoled her, saying her sons would soon regain their kingdom. He encouraged patience, knowing they would reunite and rule again.
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91Krishna went to Duryodhana's palace, like the abode of Purandara, and greeted the kings. He refused Duryodhana's offers, saying he wouldn't abandon virtue for desire, wrath, or gain. He supported the virtuous Pandavas, and his words were clear and distinct. He then went to Vidura's abode, where he was entertained with clean and savory food.
92Vidura warned Krishna that Duryodhana was driven by desire and pride, disregarding virtue and reason. He feared Krishna's words would fall on deaf ears and cautioned him against entering a hostile environment where enemies had united against him and the Pandavas. Vidura expressed his love and concern for Krishna's well-being.
93Krishna praised Vidura's wisdom, acknowledging the difficulty of reasoning with Duryodhana. He sought to liberate the earth from calamity, believing his efforts would have merit even if unsuccessful. Krishna vowed to bring peace, willing to go to great lengths, and face opposition, to prevent war.
94Krishna and Vidura conversed through the night, discussing virtue and profit. At dawn, choristers awoke Krishna with music. He worshipped the sun, gave away wealth, and mounted his car. Thousands of soldiers marched ahead as he proceeded to the court. The citizens gathered, thronging the streets. Krishna entered, arm-in-arm with Vidura and Satyaki, and took his seat. The assembly trembled with delight, and all gazed at him in silence.
95Krishna urged Dhritarashtra to establish peace between the Kurus and Pandavas, warning of danger and destruction if not. He appealed to the king's noble qualities and promised to set right the Pandavas if Dhritarashtra did the same with his sons. Krishna stressed the benefits of peace and cautioned against battle, imploring the king to save the world and revive his affection for the Pandavas.
96Jamadagni's son told a story to Duryodhana about King Dambhodbhava, who was defeated by Nara using grass blades. He warned Duryodhana that pride would lead to defeat and urged him to make peace with the Pandavas, recognizing their strength and the futility of resistance.
97Kanwa advised Duryodhana to make peace with Yudhishthira, citing the eternal nature of Brahman, Nara, and Narayana. He shared the story of Matali's search for a worthy husband for his daughter, emphasizing the importance of wisdom, virtue, and character over physical strength.
98Narada joined Matali on his journey, visiting Varuna's realm. They searched for a suitable husband for Matali's daughter, beholding wonders like Pushkara, Varuna's son, and the golden abode. Narada showed Matali blazing weapons, the fire of blazing flames, Vishnu's discus, and the knotty bow, a fearsome weapon held by Varuna's sons.
99Narada described Patalam's wonders: Asura-fire, Amrita residue, moon's phases, Vishnu's rise, Airavata's water, and revived creatures. Defeated Danavas and ascetic Rishis dwelled there. Narada sought a bridegroom for Matali's daughter, but Matali saw none eligible, fascinated by a mysterious, blazing egg.
100Narada showed Matali the city of Hiranyapura, built by Maya, where powerful Danavas lived, exhibiting illusions. Matali refused to search for a bridegroom among them, citing eternal hostility between gods and Danavas. Narada understood and agreed to search elsewhere, marveling at the city's beauty and wonders.
101Narada described birds, descendants of Garuda's sons, who subsist on snakes and possess excellent feathers. They're prosperous, powerful, and worship Vishnu, but lack compassion and spiritual enlightenment. Narada listed their names, noting their achievements, and offered to search elsewhere for a suitable husband for Matali's daughter.
102Narada said, "We're in Rasatala, where Surabhi, mother of all kine, dwells. Her milk creates the Milky Ocean, supporting the four quarters. The gods and Asuras churned the ocean, obtaining treasures mixed with her milk. Surabhi's milk becomes Swaha, Swadha, or Amrita, depending on who drinks it."
103Narada said, "Bhogavati is ruled by Vasuki, king of Nagas. Shesha, with a thousand heads, supports the earth. Many Nagas, with diverse forms and ornaments, live here. I'll name a few: Vasuki, Takshaka, Karkotaka... Matali, pleased with Sumukha, asked Narada to secure him as a son-in-law for Gunakesi."
104Narada praises Matali, a strong and virtuous charioteer and friend of Indra. Matali seeks a husband for his daughter Gunakesi, and Narada suggests Sumukha, Aryaka's grandson. Despite threats from Garuda, they seek Indra's help, and Vishnu grants Sumukha immortality. Sumukha marries Gunakesi, and they return home, joyful.
105Garuda, infuriated by Indra's grant of immortality to Sumukha, boasts of his strength and challenges Indra. Vishnu, provoked, challenges Garuda to bear the weight of his right arm. Garuda fails, humbled, and begs forgiveness. Vishnu forgives him, and they become friends. The story is told to Duryodhana as a caution against fighting the Pandavas, but he refuses to listen.
106Narada tells the story of Galava and Viswamitra to illustrate the importance of listening to good advice. Viswamitra, tested by Dharma, was awestruck and took a long time to prepare food. Galava, his disciple, waited 100 years and asked what gift he could give. Viswamitra asked for 800 white horses with one black ear, a task Galava eventually fulfilled after much effort.
107Galava, filled with anxiety and regret, laments his promise to Viswamitra to deliver 800 white horses with one black ear. He feels hopeless and considers suicide, but then decides to seek Vishnu's help. Garuda appears, offering to take Galava to Vishnu, and urges him to come along.
108Garuda asks Galava to choose a direction for their journey. He describes the east as the most sacred and auspicious, where the gods perform ceremonies and the Vedas were sung. The east symbolizes wisdom, knowledge, and new beginnings. Galava can choose another direction: south (ancestors), west (sunset), or north (gods and Amrit).
109Garuda describes the south, Dakshina, where the Pitris, smoke-dwelling celestials, and Viswedevas reside. Human lifespans are measured, and deeds of the dead bear fruit. Rakshasas and Gandharvas guard the realm, entrancing the heart and mind. Legendary events unfolded here, including Ravana's quest and Vritra's conflict. The river Vaitarani flows with bodies of the damned, and the region is shrouded in gloom.
110Garuda describes the western quarter, favored by King Varuna. The sun's rays dismiss here at day's end, making this the west. Varuna rules over aquatic creatures, and the moon rejuvenates here. The Daityas were defeated and bound, and Night and Sleep spread from here. Sakra slew the Maruts, and Surabhi pours milk into a golden lotus lake. The elements are pain-free, and the sun's course devi ates from the straight path. Garuda asks Galava which direction to journey to next.
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111Garuda describes the northern quarter, superior to all others, where virtue reigns. Krishna, Jishnu, and Brahman reside here. Maheswara sports with Prakriti, and only Vishnu can behold him. The moon was installed, Ganga fell from heaven, and Kuvera was made sovereign. The Siddhas have their abodes, and the seven Rishis with Arundhati can be seen. Only Narayana and Nara have passed beyond the guarded Ganges' source.
112Galava asks Garuda to take him to the east, where gods reside. As they fly, Galava is overwhelmed by Garuda's speed and beauty, likening him to the sun. He begs Garuda to slow down, fearing for his life, and reveals his promise to give his preceptor 800 white steeds. Garuda offers to help, suggesting they rest on the seaside mountain Rishabha.
113Galava and Garuda met Sandili on Rishabha's peak. After eating, Garuda's wings fell off, and he became a flesh ball. Sandili forgave him, restoring his wings, warning him against contempting her or women. They left, still searching for steeds to fulfill Galava's promise to Viswamitra.
114Garuda advises Galava to seek wealth from King Yayati, son of Nahusha, who has immense wealth. They visit Yayati, who receives them hospitably. Garuda explains Galava's debt to Viswamitra and suggests Yayati's gift will help Galava and increase Yayati's own wealth of asceticism, comparing it to milk in a conch-shell.
115 Yayati gives his daughter Madhavi to Galava as alms, hoping for a grandson. Madhavi's beauty and virtue have attracted many suitors. Galava plans to find a king to marry her and secure a dower to fulfill Viswamitra's demand for 800 steeds.
116King Haryyaswa marries Madhavi, but only has 200 of the 800 steeds demanded by Galava. Madhavi proposes a solution: she'll bear a son, then return to Galava, who can seek the remaining steeds from other kings. She reveals a boon that makes her a maiden again after each delivery.
117Galava and Madhavi arrive at King Divodasa's court. Divodasa agrees to beget a child with Madhavi, noting his wealth is similar to Haryyaswa's. He weds Madhavi and fathers a son, Pratardana. The union is likened to mythological couples, emphasizing the divine nature of marriage. Galava returns, and Divodasa returns Madhavi, keeping his promise.
118Galava offers Madhavi to King Usinara in exchange for 400 steeds. Usinara accepts, but only has 200 steeds, and agrees to beget only one son. Galava praises Usinara's virtue and gives him Madhavi. She bears a son, Sivi, and Galava takes her back, leaving Usinara to his kingdom.
119Garuda tells Galava to offer Madhavi and 600 steeds to Viswamitra, citing Richika's example. Viswamitra accepts, begets Ashtaka, and sends him to a city with the steeds. Galava bids Madhavi farewell, acknowledging her role in saving her father, four kings, and himself. He releases Garuda and returns Madhavi to her father, finally free to pursue ascetic penances.
120King Yayati takes Madhavi to a hermitage for Swayamvara, but she chooses the forest as her lord and devotes herself to asceticism. Yayati lives for thousands of years, becomes proud, and is eventually shunned by the gods and dwellers of heaven. His splendor is lost, and none recognize him.
121Yayati, filled with remorse, falls from heaven towards earth. He requests to fall amongst the righteous and lands amongst four mighty kings performing a sacrifice. They offer their virtues to restore his merit, but he declines, citing his Kshatriya heritage. Madhavi, his daughter, arrives and offers her ascetic merits, joined by her sons and husband Galava, collectively restoring Yayati's heavenly status.
122King Yayati falls from heaven, but his daughter's sons - Vasumanas, Pratardana, Sivi, and Ashtaka - offer their virtues to restore him. Each king's words lift Yayati higher, until he returns to heaven. United, they declare their royal attributes and virtues, affirming their relationship and enabling his ascension.
123Yayati returns to heaven, welcomed with celebrations. The Grandsire praises his virtue but attributes his fall to vanity. Yayati learns that vanity exhausts merit, and disregarding others leads to ruin. Narada relates this to Galava's obstinacy, emphasizing the importance of humility, self-awareness, and wisdom.
124Krishna urges Duryodhana to make peace with the Pandavas, warning him that his sinful actions will lead to death. He encourages virtue, profit, and desire through righteous means, and cautions against disregarding friends' counsel and seeking aid from strangers.
125Bhishma, Drona, Vidura, and Dhritarashtra urge Duryodhana to make peace with the Pandavas, warning of destruction and suffering if he refuses. They emphasize the wisdom of Krishna's counsel and the importance of unity.
126Bhishma and Drona urge Duryodhana to make peace with the Pandavas, describing the devastation of war and envisioning a joyful reunion between the brothers. They appeal to his reason, compassion, and kinship, urging him to choose peace and unity.
127Duryodhana refuses to compromise, boasting of his strength and citing his duty as a Kshatriya to fight. He taunts Krishna, claiming even His powers can't aid the Pandavas. His words reveal arrogance, pride, and a refusal to listen to reason.
128Krishna rebukes Duryodhana for his refusal to compromise, citing past wrongdoings. Dussasana threatens to bind him and hand him over to the Pandavas. Bhishma predicts the Kauravas' downfall, and Krishna suggests binding Duryodhana to make peace, sacrificing one person to save the Kshatriya race.
129Gandhari rebukes Duryodhana, urging him to make peace with the Pandavas. She warns of destruction if he persists in his stubbornness, and advises him to conquer his senses and passions first. She predicts the wrath of Bhishma, Drona, and Kripa if he refuses to make peace.
130Duryodhana ignores Gandhari's warnings and plots to seize Krishna. Satyaki discovers the plan and informs Krishna, Dhritarashtra, and Vidura. Vidura warns Dhritarashtra that his sons will perish if they try to seize Krishna, highlighting his invincibility. Duryodhana refuses to listen, and his plan is doomed to fail.
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131Krishna reveals his divine form, showing his invincibility. Gods emerge from his body, and his arms transform into weapons. The kings are awed, except for Drona, Bhishma, Vidura, and Sanjaya. Celestial drums beat, and a floral shower falls upon him. Krishna withdraws his divine form and exits the court, leaving behind a stunned audience.
132Kunti advises Yudhishthira to uphold kingly duties, conquer earth with his arms, and recover lost kingdom through any means. She cites King Muchukunda's example, urging Yudhishthira to take action, use strength and cunning, and restore family honor. Kunti's words are practical, rooted in Kshatriya duties, and reminiscent of ancestral bravery.
133Vidula, a wise queen, rebukes her son for cowardice after defeat. She urges him to take action, display prowess, and recover the lost kingdom. She emphasizes the importance of courage, determination, and risk-taking, and encourages him to blaze up like a fire, rather than smoldering like a flameless fire.
134Vidula urges her son Sanjaya to embrace his Kshatriya duties, fight for his rightful place on the throne, and risk his life to achieve greatness. She reminds him of their family's history, the importance of bravery and honor, and the responsibilities that come with being a member of the royal family.
135Kunti urges Sanjaya to battle, citing duty and profit. She encourages him to seek allies and wealth, and to use diplomacy to achieve his goals. Kunti reminds Sanjaya that success requires effort and determination, and that he must be brave and reckless to achieve it.
136Kunti urges Sanjaya to be brave, revealing secret treasure houses to aid him. Inspired, Sanjaya vows to rescue his kingdom or perish. Kunti's words, like "wordy arrows," pierce his heart, rousing him to action. The story of Kunti and Sanjaya, called Jaya, inspires might and energy, and can even influence the birth of a heroic son.
137Kunti shares a celestial prophecy with Krishna, declaring Arjuna's destiny to conquer the earth and perform great sacrifices. She asks Krishna to remind Arjuna of his unstoppable nature and Bhima's determination. The Kurus lament their fate, blaming Duryodhana's folly. Krishna departs, his swift coursers devouring the distance like fleet hawks, symbolizing the inevitability of the Pandavas' victory.
138Bhishma and Drona urge Duryodhana to make peace with the Pandavas, recalling Arjuna's victories and Yudhishthira's virtue. They warn of devastating war consequences, pointing to ominous portents. With urgency, they implore Duryodhana to listen, avoid regret, and unite with his brothers to rule the earth together.
139Bhishma and Drona urge Duryodhana to make peace with the Pandavas, recalling Yudhishthira's virtue and Arjuna's prowess. They warn of disaster and devastation if he refuses. Their words hang in the air, a final chance for Duryodhana to change his course and avoid doom.
140Krishna urges Karna to join the Pandavas, promising a grand ceremony and the allegiance of the Pandavas and their allies. He appeals to Karna's sense of identity and belonging, seeking to heal the rift between Karna and his brothers. Krishna reminds Karna of his noble qualities and his rightful place among the Pandavas.
141Karna reveals his past to Krishna, explaining he's the son of Kunti and Surya, abandoned as a child, and adopted by Adhiratha and Radha. He feels a stronger bond to his adoptive family and Duryodhana, refusing Krishna's offer to join the Pandavas, citing loyalty and honor. Karna predicts a great sacrifice in the war, destined to face Arjuna in a final battle, torn between loyalty and morality.
142Krishna tells Karna that the Pandavas' victory is certain, their banner a symbol of triumph. He warns Karna of the impending battle, where the Pandavas will fight with all their might, and the sound of Gandiva will pierce the sky. He instructs Karna to inform the other kings that the time for battle has come, and those who die will attain an excellent state.
143Karna acknowledges the signs of defeat for the Kauravas, describing omens and visions of the future where the Pandavas triumph. He sees Yudhishthira and his brothers victorious, and himself and other Kauravas defeated. Karna accepts his fate, knowing the war's outcome is sealed. Krishna warns Karna that his refusal to listen will lead to his downfall.
144Vidura shares his concerns with Kunti about the impending war, lamenting the Kurus' refusal to accept peace. Kunti, filled with sorrow, reflects on the futility of war and decides to use a boon to summon Surya, Karna's father, to persuade him to join the Pandavas. She approaches Karna by the Ganga river and reveals herself, filled with love and concern.
145Kunti reveals to Karna that he is her son, born of Surya, and urges him to join the Pandavas. She appeals to his sense of duty and honor, promising glory and recognition if he joins forces with Arjuna. She asks him to shed the shame of being called "Suta's son" and embrace his true identity as a Partha, a warrior of great energy.
146Karna refuses to join the Pandavas, feeling abandoned by Kunti and seeking redemption through fighting against them, particularly Arjuna. Kunti, grief-stricken, implores Karna to spare her sons' lives, and he agrees, but remains determined to fight against Arjuna. With a heavy heart, Kunti blesses Karna and departs.
147Bhishma advises Duryodhana to make peace with the Pandavas, sharing his own story of sacrifice for the Kuru race. He urges Duryodhana to give the Pandavas half the kingdom, warning that refusal will lead to destruction. Vasudeva (Krishna) emphasizes that Bhishma's words reflect the opinions of Dhritarashtra, Gandhari, and Vidura, and urges Yudhishthira to heed their counsel.
148Drona and Vidura urge Duryodhana to make peace with the Pandavas, warning of destruction if he refuses. Vidura implores Bhishma to act to prevent the extinction of the Kuru race, and Gandhari admonishes Duryodhana to uphold the noble traditions of their race and yield to the rightful heirs, the Pandavas.
149Dhritarashtra advises Duryodhana to relinquish his claim to the throne, citing examples of Yadu and Devapi, who were passed over due to flaws. He urges Duryodhana to acknowledge Yudhishthira's rightful claim, citing his virtues and qualities, and warns of destruction if he refuses to share the kingdom.
150Vasudeva reports Duryodhana's refusal to yield to Yudhishthira's rightful claim, despite wise counsel from Bhishma, Drona, Vidura, Gandhari, and Dhritarashtra. Bhishma leads the Kaurava army, and Vasudeva concludes that chastisement is the only means to deal with the sinful Kauravas, who are bent on destruction.
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151Yudhishthira seeks his brothers' counsel to choose a leader to withstand Bhishma and Drona. Sahadeva suggests Virata, Nakula suggests Drupada, Arjuna suggests Dhrishtadyumna, and Bhima suggests Sikhandin. Krishna approves of all but chooses Dhrishtadyumna, assuring Yudhishthira of their army's strength and invincibility.
152The Pandava army marches towards Kurukshetra with enthusiasm and din, led by Yudhishthira, Bhimasena, and others. Draupadi remains at Upaplavya, worried for her husbands. The army enters the field, blows their conchs, and roars with joy, making the earth and oceans resound.
153Yudhishthira's army encamps at Kurukshetra, avoiding sacred areas. Krishna and Arjuna scatter enemy outposts, while Dhrishtadyumna and Satyaki plan strategy. Allies arrive with forces, and the Pandavas prepare for battle, stocking weapons and food, and bringing in elephants cased in steel plates.
154Duryodhana, filled with wrath, orders his brothers and allies to prepare for war. They set up camps on Kurukshetra, with weapons and supplies, and make necessary preparations. The city is filled with the sound of weapons and armor, and the atmosphere is festive. The capital looks like a vast ocean, with crowds, cars, elephants, and horses ready for battle.
155Yudhishthira seeks Krishna's guidance, recalling his words in the Kuru court. Krishna warns that Duryodhana, driven by deceit, refuses to listen to wise counsel and seeks to win at any cost. The kings nod in agreement, and Yudhishthira orders his troops to prepare for battle, expressing sorrow and reluctance to fight against his superiors.
156Duryodhana distributed his troops, arranging them into three classes. He equipped his men, elephants, cars, and steeds with various weapons and ornaments. Each car had four steeds and two drivers. Elephants had seven warriors, and the army had thousands of elephants, steeds, and foot-soldiers, all well-trained and decked with golden ornaments.
157Dhritarashtra's son asked Bhishma to be their commander, citing the strength of a united army. Bhishma agreed, but said he'd also seek the Pandavas' good and wouldn't fight Arjuna openly. He offered to slay 10,000 warriors daily, unless the Pandavas slew him first. Despite fierce portents, Bhishma led the troops to Kurukshetra.
158Yudhishthira learned of Bhishma's installation as commander and prepared for battle. He appointed seven leaders, with Dhrishtadyumna overall commander and Arjuna leading the leaders. Balarama arrived, greeted the Pandavas, and expressed hope they would emerge safely from the impending slaughter. He revealed his equal affection for Bhima and Duryodhana, and departed for the Saraswati river.
159Rukmi, Bhishmaka's son, offered to help Arjuna, boasting of his prowess. But Arjuna declined, citing his own abilities and past victories. Rukmi, rejected, departed with his army and later approached Duryodhana, who also refused his aid. Two powerful warriors withdrew from the battle, their pride wounded.
160Dhritarashtra lamented his inability to restrain Duryodhana, feeling trapped by his son's actions. Sanjaya attributed the impending war to destiny, presenting three perspectives on human agency. He urged Dhritarashtra to listen patiently, consoling him that man is not always in control of his actions.
161Duryodhana concluded by saying that the Pandavas would eventually repent and turn away from their hopes of ruling the earth. He said that they would be crushed by his army, and that their defeat was inevitable. He ended his message by saying that he would not spare any of them, and that they would all be slain in battle. Uluka was instructed to deliver this message to the Pandavas, and to taunt them into fighting.
162Uluka, sent by Duryodhana, challenged the Pandavas to battle, mocking their past defeats and exile. He boasted of Duryodhana's army, likening it to an uncrossable ocean, and ridiculed the Pandavas' hopes of sovereignty, saying they would repent when faced with defeat and the slaughter of their kin.
163Uluka, Duryodhana's messenger, provoked the Pandavas with harsh words, mocking their past defeats and exile. Bhima vowed to slay Duryodhana and his brothers, and drink Dussasana's blood. Arjuna and Yudhishthira also responded with anger, and Krishna warned Duryodhana of his wrath. The Pandavas burned with anger, and the stage was set for a fierce battle.
164Arjuna, eyes blazing with anger, vowed to slay Bhishma, while Bhima vowed to quaff Dussasana's blood. Nakula, Sahadeva, Virata, Drupada, Sikhandin, and Dhrishtadyumna also vowed to fulfill their words. Yudhishthira sanctioned their feats, urging clemency. Uluka repeated all to Duryodhana, who ordered his troops to prepare for battle. Messengers rode through the encampment, promulgating the order to array themselves for battle.
165Yudhishthira's army, led by Dhrishtadyumna, prepared to face the Kauravas. Arjuna was assigned to face Karna, Bhima to face Duryodhana, and Sikhandin to face Bhishma. Abhimanyu, regarded as superior to Arjuna, was assigned to face Vrishasena and other kings. Dhrishtadyumna kept Drona for himself. The Pandava army awaited battle with determination and courage.
166Bhishma boasted of his prowess, claiming he could confound the Pandavas. He listed many skilled warriors in the Kaurava army, including Duryodhana's brothers, Kritavarman, Salya, Bhurisravas, and Jayadratha. Bhishma praised them as Atirathas, capable of destroying the enemy ranks, and assured Duryodhana of their victory.
167Bhishma praised Kaurava warriors, estimating their strength and prowess. He named Sudhakshina, Nila, Vinda, Anuvinda, Trigarta brothers, Lakshmana, Dussasana's son, Dandadhara, Vrihadvala, and Kripa as notable Rathas. Bhishma's words boosted morale and inspired fierce fighting.
168Bhishma praised Kaurava warriors, naming Sakuni, Aswatthaman, Drona, Vrihadvala, Vrishasena, Jalasandha, and Bhagadatta as notable Rathas and Maharathas. He highlighted their bravery, skill, and loyalty, predicting they would inflict significant damage on the Pandava army.
169Bhishma criticized Karna, calling him half a Ratha due to his boastful nature. Karna responded angrily, accusing Bhishma of hatred and envy. Bhishma dismissed Karna's claims, citing his own past victories and Karna's lack of experience. The exchange highlighted the tension between them, with Karna feeling underappreciated and Bhishma remaining calm and confident.
170Bhishma described the Pandavas' strength, citing Arjuna as a mighty Ratha, equal to eight Rathas. Bhima and the twins were also formidable warriors. Bhishma warned that each Pandava could slay all the kings of the earth, and only he and Drona could face Arjuna, but even they were no match for him.
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171Bhishma praised the Pandavas' allies, citing Abhimanyu and Satyaki as leaders, and Uttamaujas and Yudhamanyu as excellent car-warriors. Old Virata and Drupada, though old, were invincible Maharathas. These warriors would fight recklessly, united with the Pandavas, sweeping through the enemy ranks like fire or wind.
172Bhishma praised various warriors as mighty car-warriors and Maharathas, capable of great feats in battle. Sikhandin, Dhrishtadyumna, Dhrishtaketu, and Kshattradeva were noted for their skills, strength, and bravery, predicted to achieve great victories and fame.
173Bhishma praised Rochamana, Kuntibhoja, and Ghatotkacha as mighty warriors, predicting great feats in battle. He highlighted their strength and his own determination to fight with honor, except against Sikhandin, due to a vow to never harm a woman or former woman. Bhishma's speech showcased his respect for the Pandavas' army and his commitment to his principles.
174Bhishma told Duryodhana how he had taken three maidens from Kasi by force, defeating their suitors in battle. He vanquished the kings with ease, showcasing his strength and valor. Bhishma's story highlighted his commitment to his principles, which would prevent him from fighting Sikhandin, a former woman.
175Bhishma's mother, Satyavati, praised his triumph in abducting the daughters of the ruler of Kasi. However, the eldest daughter, Amva, revealed she had already chosen another husband and begged Bhishma to consider morality and let her go. Bhishma was torn between duty and righteousness.
176Amva pleaded with Salwa, saying she was taken against her will and still loved him. Despite her words, Salwa rejected her, fearing Bhishma's power. Amva departed sorrowfully, her heart broken and dreams shattered.
177Amva, rejected by Salwa, sought vengeance against Bhishma but realized battle was futile. She turned to an ascetic asylum, sharing her story with sage Saikhavatya and others. They comforted her, offering guidance in ascetic penance, and Amva began her new life, seeking redemption in the woods.
178Amva, rejected by Salwa, sought ascetic life in woods. Hotravahana, her maternal grandsire, advised her to seek Rama's help, promising Rama would dispel her grief and slay Bhishma if necessary. Akritavrana arrived, and Hotravahana shared Amva's story, explaining her abduction by Bhishma and rejection by Salwa.
179Akritavrana asked Amva to choose between Rama urging Salwa to marry her or defeating Bhishma in battle. Amva chose the latter, appealing to Rama for help. Rama promised to send a message to Bhishma and, if necessary, consume him in battle, agreeing to punish Bhishma for his wrongdoings.
180Rama refused to fight Bhishma, citing his vow to only take up arms for the sake of the Vedas. Amva urged Rama to slay Bhishma, who had caused her misery. Akritavrana reminded Rama of his promise to protect the Brahmanas and slay their foes. Rama resolved to confront Bhishma, vowing to slay him if necessary.
181Bhishma and Rama faced off in Kurukshetra, their armies gathered around them. Rama demanded Bhishma take Amva as his wife, but Bhishma refused, citing his vow to never abandon Kshatriya practices. Rama threatened to slay him, but Bhishma stood firm, refusing to forsake duty even if it meant death.
182Bhishma and Rama fought fiercely, exchanging blows. Bhishma complimented Rama's prowess, and Rama replied that he wouldn't fight on foot. Bhishma invited him to mount a car and don armor. Rama said the earth was his car, Vedas his steeds, and wind his charioteer. The battle raged on, with neither gaining the upper hand. Bhishma eventually stopped, overcome with grief and regret for striking his preceptor. He sought Rama's forgiveness and blessing, and Rama granted it, acknowledging Bhishma's fulfillment of his duty as a Kshatriya.
183Bhishma and Rama fought fiercely, exchanging arrows and celestial weapons. Bhishma swooned after being pierced in the breast, but regained consciousness and continued fighting. The battle raged on, with both warriors displaying great skill. Bhishma shot an arrow with Death at its head, striking Rama, who fell to the ground. Rama's followers comforted him, and he rose up, continuing the fight.
184Bhishma and Rama fought fiercely, exchanging celestial weapons. Rama hurled a blazing lance, which Bhishma cut into three fragments. Bhishma's car and charioteer were covered with arrows, but he continued to fight, piercing Rama with a thick shower of arrows. Both warriors were wounded, but their combat continued until the sun set.
185Bhishma and Rama fought fiercely, with Rama's arrows striking Bhishma's charioteer and Bhishma himself. Eight Brahmanas appeared, reviving Bhishma, and his mother Ganga protected his car and steeds. Bhishma rose up, striking Rama with a powerful arrow, but Rama continued to fight, driven by anger and determination. The battle raged on for 23 days, with neither side yielding.
186Bhishma sought help from the gods and Brahmanas, feeling unable to defeat Rama. In a dream, eight Brahmanas appeared, encouraging him and revealing the secret of the Praswapa weapon, known only to Bhishma in his former life. With this weapon, Bhishma would conquer Rama without incurring sin. Filled with hope and determination, Bhishma prepared for the next day's battle.
187Bhishma and Rama engaged in a fierce battle, exchanging powerful arrows. Rama struck Bhishma with a dart, causing him to bleed profusely. Bhishma retaliated, striking Rama with a deadly shaft. The two warriors invoked the Brahma weapon, causing the earth to tremble and the sky to fill with smoke. Bhishma recalled the Praswapa weapon, ready to use it against Rama.
188Bhishma and Rama clashed, but celestial voices forbade Bhishma from using the Praswapa weapon. Narada and the eight utterers of Brahma appeared, urging Bhishma to spare Rama. Rama's ancestors rebuked him for his rashness, reminding him of his duty as a Brahmana. Both warriors refused to back down, but eventually, Rama laid aside his weapons and Bhishma worshipped him, earning Rama's praise. The battle ended with mutual respect and admiration.
189Rama, defeated by Bhishma, remained silent. The maiden, determined to slay Bhishma, devoted herself to asceticism, her heart burning with anger. She practiced severe austerities, living on air and water, her body weakening. Ganga warned her of a fate worse than death, but she refused to listen, her resolve unbroken. She became a river, filled with alligators, a testament to the power of her asceticism and the folly of her desires.
190The princess of Kasi, determined to avenge her defeat, practiced severe austerities in Vatsabhumi. Lord Rudra appeared, promising her victory and prophesying her reb irth as a male warrior in the race of Drupada. She built a funeral pyre, entered the flames, and vowed to destroy Bhishma. She became the powerful Shikhandi, destined to be Bhishma's nemesis.
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191King Drupada, seeking revenge against Bhishma, prayed to Lord Shiva for a son. Shiva granted his wish, but the child was first born as a daughter, later transforming into a male. Raised as a son, Shikhandi was trained in war, destined to play a crucial role in Kurukshetra. Only the king and queen knew the truth.
192Drupada raised Shikhandi as a son, teaching her arts and weapons. When she came of age, he found her a wife, the daughter of King Hiranyavarman of Dasarnakas. However, the daughter discovered Shikhandi's true gender and reported it to her father, who was filled with wrath and threatened to slay Drupada and his relatives for the deception.
193King Drupada, fearing King Hiranyavarman's wrath, sought his wife's counsel, confessing his mistake and asking for the truth about Sikhandin's gender. He promised to act suitably to ensure their safety, pretending ignorance to proclaim his innocence. His queen, understanding the situation, replied, "My lord, I will tell you the truth..."
194Sikhandin's mother revealed the truth to King Drupada, admitting she pretended their daughter was a son due to fear of her co-wives. Drupada consulted his ministers to protect their city from his brother's wrath. Meanwhile, Sikhandin, filled with shame, sought out a Yaksha named Sthunakarna, begging him to grant her a boon: to become a perfect man and save her family.
195Sikhandin, formerly a woman, became a man with the help of Yaksha Sthunakarna. Drupada's daughter was born as a female but later obtained manhood. Bhishma vowed not to slay Sikhandin, considering her a woman, remembering Maheswara's words and fearing the righteous would speak ill of him.
196Duryodhana asked Bhishma how long it would take to annihilate the Pandava army. Bhishma estimated a month, taking 10,000 warriors and 1,000 car-warriors daily. Drona, Kripa, and Aswatthaman also gave estimates, but Karna boasted he could do it in five days. Bhishma laughed, skeptical of Karna's claim, knowing Arjuna's strength.
197Yudhishthira told his brothers about Duryodhana's conversation with the Kuru leaders. Arjuna boasted that with Vasudeva's help, he could exterminate the three worlds in an instant. He listed their allies, including Bhima, Nakula, Sahadeva, Yuyudhana, Dhristadyumna, and Sikhandin, saying they could slay the celestial army. Yudhishthira expressed confidence in their strength and determination to fight with honor.
198The kings, led by Duryodhana, marched against the Pandavas. They had purified themselves, wore white robes, and carried weapons and standards. All were skilled in combat, conversant with the Vedas, and had practiced excellent vows. The army included Vinda, Anuvinda, Kekayas, Bharadwaja's son, Aswatthaman, Bhishma, Jayadratha, and others, their chariots and weapons at the ready. The encampment was like a second Hastinapura, with provisions for all.
199Yudhishthira ordered his warriors to march against the Kauravas, led by Dhrishtadyumna, Virata, Drupada, and other mighty warriors. The army was divided into three divisions, with Bhimasena leading the first, Virata and Jayatsena leading the middle, and Yudhishthira leading the third. Thousands of elephants, horses, cars, and foot-soldiers marched, ready for battle.
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1The Pandavas and Kauravas faced each other on the plain of Kurukshetra, their troops arrayed and ready for battle. Yudhishthira had set up thousands of tents and provided for his soldiers. Duryodhana, surrounded by his brothers and elephants, prepared to attack. The Panchalas blew their conches, filling the Pandavas with joy. Vasudeva and Dhananjaya blew their celestial conches, causing a dust storm and a shower of flesh and blood. Both armies stood ready, like two agitated oceans.
2Vyasa approached King Dhritarashtra, offering to grant him the power to see the battle. But the king declined, preferring to hear about it from Sanjaya. Vyasa granted Sanjaya celestial vision and knowledge of the battle. He warned Dhritarashtra of the great slaughter and omens foretelling terror, describing strange animal behavior and planetary movements. The king was filled with fear, but Vyasa reassured him that fate couldn't be prevented.
3Vyasa warned Dhritarashtra of impending doom, describing omens and portents that foretold the Kurus' destruction. He urged the king to follow righteousness, but Dhritarashtra was resigned. Vyasa described signs of victory, including cheerful warriors, favorable winds and birds, and auspicious sights and sounds. He emphasized that success can be achieved through negotiation, disunion, or battle, but warned that battle is uncertain and brings evils like slaughter.
4Sanjaya explained the merits of earth to Dhritarashtra, classifying creatures as mobile or immobile. He listed 14 animal species, 7 domestic (including men, cattle, goats) and 7 wild (lions, tigers, boars). Emphasizing interconnectedness, he noted that everything originates from and merges into the earth, which is eternal and the stay and refuge of all creatures. This significance makes the earth a coveted possession, worth fighting for.
5Sanjaya described the five elements, explaining that they combine to form creatures and exist separately in a state of homogeneity. He noted that the earth possesses all five attributes, while the other elements have fewer. Sanjaya then described the island of Sudarsana, a circular landmass with diverse features, surrounded by the salt ocean and characterized by abundant flora and fauna.
6Sanjaya described the world's geography, including six mountains, Varshas, and islands. Meru, a golden mountain, stands at the center, surrounded by four islands, and is the resort of Siddhas and Charanas. Celestials, Gandharvas, Asuras, and Rakshasas inhabit different regions. The geography is the delight of the celestial and terrestrial, and is the essence of the universe.
7Sanjaya described the regions to the north and east of Meru, including the Northern Kurus, where Siddhas reside, and the land of Bhadraswa, with its forest of Bhadra-salas and the huge Kalamra tree. He also described the Jamvu tree, which grants wishes, and the fire Samvataka on Malyavat's summit. The people born in these regions are handsome, strong, and long-lived, with complexions ranging from white to golden.
8Dhritarashtra asked Sanjaya about the Varshas, mountains, and their inhabitants. Sanjaya described Romanaka, Hiranmaya, and Airavata, with inhabitants having different characteristics and lifespans. He also described the mountain Sringavat and the Lord Hari, who dwells on a golden car, possessing unlimited puissance and prosperity. Dhritarashtra realized that Time destroys and creates everything, and nothing is eternal.
9Sanjaya describes the land of Bharata, beloved of Indra and Manu. He lists numerous mountains and rivers, and mentions various provinces and tribes, including the Kuru-Panchalas, Salwas, Madreyas, Jangalas, Surasena, Kalingas, and others. He also describes the kingdoms of the south and north, including the Dravidas, Keralas, Prachyas, Mushikas, Mlecchas, Yavanas, Chinas, and Kamvojas. Sanjaya concludes that Earth is the refuge of all creatures and the source of virtue, profit, and pleasure.
10Dhritarashtra asks Sanjaya to describe the residents of Bharata, Himavat-varsha, and Hari-varsha. Sanjaya explains the four Yugas: Krita, Treta, Dwapara, and Kali, with decreasing lifespans and increasing negative qualities. In Krita, people are strong, wise, and virtuous; in Treta, Kshatriya kings rule from sea to sea; in Dwapara, people are capable but desire to conquer; and in Kali, people are weak, wrathful, and untruthful. Sanjaya ranks the three Varshas in order of superiority: Haimavatvarsha, Harivarsha, and Bharatavarsha.
11Dhritarashtra asks Sanjaya to describe Sakadwipa, and Sanjaya explains it's twice the size of Jamvukhanda, with 7 mountains and 7 Varshas. The people are virtuous, with no theft, decrepitude, or death, and the 4 orders live in harmony. The island has sacred rivers and provinces, and is divided into 4 regions, each with its own characteristics and occupations. There's no king or punishment, as the people are governed by duty and virtue. Sanjaya's description is one of a utopian society, where people live in harmony with each other and nature.
12Sanjaya describes the islands in the north, including Kusadwipa, Salmalidwipa, Kraunchadwipa, and Pushkara, with unique features and inhabitants. The islands are virtuous, long-lived, and harmonious, surrounded by oceans with varying dimensions. Sanjaya also describes the heavenly bodies, including Swarbhanu, the Sun, the Moon, and Rahu. Dhritarashtra listens attentively, and Sanjaya highlights the merits of hearing this description, including prosperity, fame, and enhanced life.
13Sanjaya, grief-stricken, announces to Dhritarashtra that Bhishma, the venerable grandsire, has fallen in battle. He lamentingly describes Bhishma's bravery, wisdom, and honor, comparing his demise to the setting of the Sun and a mighty tree broken by the wind. The court is stunned, and Dhritarashtra, overcome with remorse, realizes the gravity of his own mistakes.
14Dhritarashtra, with a trembling voice and overflowing tears, asks Sanjaya about Bhishma's final moments. He struggles to comprehend how his sons continued fighting without their leader. He yearns to know which heroes stood alongside Bhishma and attempts to come to terms with the devastating loss. With a deep sigh, he implores Sanjaya to share the details of the battle and Bhishma's ultimate sacrifice, preparing himself for the unbearable truth.
15Sanjaya tells Dhritarashtra that fate is to blame, not Duryodhana. He shares his divine sight and knowledge, granted by Vyasa, and recounts Duryodhana's orders to protect Bhishma from Sikhandin. He describes the battle strategies and Bhishma's refusal to fight Sikhandin, leaving himself vulnerable. Sanjaya's account reveals the bravery and honor of the warriors, and the tragic fate that awaits them.
16Sanjaya describes the battlefield, detailing the splendor of the armies, warriors, and weapons. He names prominent warriors, including Bhishma, who shines like the moon, and Dhrishtadyumna, who leads the Srinjayas. The armies are like two oceans, agitated by fierce Makaras, and the earth trembles beneath their feet. The warriors are like bulls, eager for battle, and the sound of conches and drums fills the air. The stage is set for an epic struggle, and the world holds its breath in anticipation.
17Sanjaya describes the armies of the Kurus and Pandavas, led by Bhishma and Dhrishtadyumna, respectively. He details the splendor of the warriors, their weapons, and their standards, comparing them to hills of fire, the sun, and the moon. The mighty car-warriors, including Aswatthaman and Drona, take up their positions, ready for battle. The army is a formidable force, with hundreds of thousands of cars, elephants, and steeds, and the earth trembles beneath their feet.
18Sanjaya describes the intense battle preparations, with warriors ready to fight. The earth trembles with the sounds of conches, drums, elephants, and chariots. The armies face each other, their golden standards and coats of mail shining like fire and sun. Legendary warriors like Bhishma take their positions, protected by thousands of soldiers. The king of Magadha leads a division of ten thousand elephants, ready to charge into battle. The scene is one of chaos and destruction, like the separation of the Ganga and Yamuna rivers.
19Dhritarashtra asks Sanjaya about Yudhishthira's counter-array against Bhishma's army. Sanjaya describes the Pandava army's formation, with Bhima leading the charge. The army shone like the sun and moved like a rolling current. Bhima's fierce mace struck fear into the enemy's hearts. The Pandavas' array was impenetrable, with Arjuna and Bhima at its core. The battle began with a wind blowing, thunder rolling, and the earth trembling.
20Dhritarashtra asks Sanjaya to describe the battle's beginning. Sanjaya describes the two armies, the Kauravas facing west and the Pandavas facing east. The wind blows against the Kauravas, and beasts of prey utter ominous sounds. The Pandava army shines like an army of celestials, while the Kaurava army appears like an army of Danavas. Bhishma stands at the forefront, surrounded by warriors. Drona protects the army from behind. The Samasaptakas march towards the Pandavas, determined to defeat Arjuna. Despite being outnumbered, the Pandava army seems invincible with Kesava and Arjuna leading.
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21Arjuna reassures Yudhisthira that their righteousness, compassion, and truth will lead them to victory. He quotes Narada and Bhishma, emphasizing that victory comes from virtues, not strength. With Krishna on their side, Arjuna declares that victory is certain, and they will emerge triumphant. His words inspire Yudhisthira to cast aside doubts and lead their army into battle with courage and confidence.
22Sanjaya describes the Pandava army's formation, with Yudhishthira at the center, surrounded by priests and sages. Bhima, Arjuna, and the twins stand ready, their valor and skill renowned. Arjuna's chariot shines like the sun, with Krishna holding the reins. Bhima paces restlessly, his massive club and shield at the ready. The enemy trembles at the sight of this formidable duo. Krishna urges Arjuna to attack Bhishma, the venerable warrior surrounded by skilled fighters. The stage is set for an epic battle.
23Krishna advises Arjuna to invoke Durga, the goddess of strength and protection, before the battle. Arjuna praises her various forms and attributes, seeking her blessing for victory. Durga appears, granting him her boon and promising success. With her blessing, Arjuna feels confident and invincible, knowing he'll emerge victorious. The hymn to Durga offers protection, victory, and prosperity, showcasing feminine power and strength in Hindu mythology.
24Dhritarashtra asks Sanjaya to describe the battle's start, wanting to know which side advanced first and who showed confidence. Sanjaya replies that both armies were cheerful and fragrant, with a fierce collision and deafening sounds of music, conches, drums, and shouts. The stage is set for an epic struggle between the Pandavas and Kauravas.
25Dhritarashtra asks Sanjaya to describe the battle's start. Sanjaya recounts Duryodhana's army, led by Bhishma, preparing to fight the Pandavas, led by Arjuna and Krishna. Arjuna, overcome with emotion, requests Krishna to position their chariot between the armies. He beholds his kin and friends, and expresses reluctance to fight, fearing destruction and sin. The stage is set for Krishna's counsel, the Bhagavadgita.
26Krishna advises Arjuna to fight, saying the soul is immortal and can't be slain. He teaches selfless action, control of senses and mind, and achieving inner peace and stability through yoga. Krishna's words inspire Arjuna to re-evaluate and embrace his duty with courage, offering timeless guidance for spiritual growth and self-realization.
27Arjuna asks Krishna about the seeming contradiction in his teachings. Krishna explains that both devotion and action are necessary, and one should perform their duty without attachment. He emphasizes controlling the senses and mind to attain inner peace and self-realization, and identifies desire and anger as obstacles to be overcome.
28Krishna reveals to Arjuna that he had previously declared the system of devotion to Vivaswat, but it was lost over time. He explains that he is unborn and eternal, and encourages Arjuna to perform his duties without attachment. Krishna emphasizes the importance of knowledge, devotion, and selfless action, and urges Arjuna to destroy his doubts and fulfill his duties.
29Arjuna asks Krishna about the superior path, abandoning actions or applying to actions. Krishna replies that application to action is superior, allowing for selfless service and devotion. He teaches that a true ascetic is free from attachment and aversion, and that knowledge of self leads to the Supreme Being. Krishna describes the devotee who has attained absorption into Brahma, experiencing supreme happiness and peace.
30Krishna teaches Arjuna about devotion, saying a devotee is one who has renounced desires, restrained senses and mind, and views all creatures equally. He guides Arjuna on meditation, self-control, and inner focus. Arjuna expresses doubts, but Krishna reassures him that with faith and practice, devotion can be maintained and will lead to spiritual growth.
31Krishna reveals his supreme nature to Arjuna, explaining that all creatures have their source in him. He is the eternal seed, intelligence, and strength of all beings. Krishna is beyond the three qualities of goodness, passion, and darkness, and only those who resort to him alone can transcend this illusion. Four classes of devotees worship him, and the man of knowledge is dear to him. Krishna assures Arjuna that those who worship him with faith will attain their desires and ultimately come to know him.
32Arjuna asks Krishna about Brahman, Adhyatma, action, and more. Krishna explains Brahman as supreme reality, Adhyatma as its manifestation, and action as offering. He reveals two paths after death: one to Brahma, the other to rebirth. Devotion and steady mind lead to the supreme seat, achieving the highest goal.
33Krishna reveals to Arjuna that he is the supreme reality, creator, and supporter of all entities. He is the father, mother, and grandsire of the universe, and the means by which everything is cleaned. Krishna assures Arjuna that those who worship him with reverence will be freed from the fetters of action and come to him. He is alike to all creatures, and even those of wicked conduct can attain virtue and eternal tranquility by worshiping him.
34Krishna reveals his divine perfections to Arjuna, declaring he is the soul, origin, and end of all beings. He lists various manifestations, including Vishnu, Sun, Moon, Sama Veda, mind, intellect, and more. He is the source of all created things, knowledge of Supreme Spirit, and Time Eternal. Everything is born of a portion of his energy.
35Arjuna asks Krishna to reveal his universal form, and Krishna grants his request. Arjuna beholds Krishna's majestic form, with many mouths, eyes, and arms, and sees the entire universe contained within him. He is amazed and terrified, bowing down to Krishna and acknowledging his greatness. Krishna explains that he is the destroyer of the worlds, but reassures Arjuna not to fear, and to fight and conquer his foes. Arjuna, still trembling, asks Krishna to return to his gentle form, and Krishna complies, reassuring Arjuna of his love and guidance.
36Arjuna asks Krishna about the best way to worship him. Krishna says those who fix their minds on him, adore him with devotion, and surrender all actions to him are the most devoted. He advises Arjuna to fix his heart on him alone and promises to deliver him from the mortal world. Krishna describes his dear devotees as unconcerned, pure, diligent, and free from distress, with faith in him.
37Krishna explains the concept of Kshetra (body) and Kshetrajna (soul), describing the body as composed of elements, senses, and qualities, while the soul is the conscious being that knows and experiences. He emphasizes understanding the distinction between matter and spirit to attain the highest goal, using analogies like the sun illuminating the world and space being ubiquitous to illustrate the relationship between soul and body.
38Krishna explains the three qualities (gunas) of nature: goodness, passion, and darkness. He describes how they bind the soul and how one can transcend them to attain immortality and union with Brahma. One who transcends the gunas is equal-minded, self-contained, and unaffected by pain and pleasure, with no attachment or aversion to the qualities.
39The Holy One explains the eternal Ashvattha tree, representing life and death. Cutting through attachment, one can seek the Primeval Sire and attain the supreme seat, beyond pleasure and pain. The individual soul, a portion of the Divine, draws in senses and enjoys objects, but is often deluded by attachment. Only those with the eye of knowledge see the Divine's splendor.
40The Holy One describes god-like qualities: fearlessness, purity, perseverance, gifts, self-restraint, sacrifice, and compassion, leading to deliverance. Demoniac qualities include hypocrisy, pride, wrath, and ignorance, leading to bondage and suffering. Arjuna is warned to renounce lust, wrath, and greed, and follow the scriptures to achieve perfection and happiness.
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41Arjuna asks about those who abandon scriptural ordinances. Krishna explains faith is of three kinds: good, passionate, and dark. Good faith leads to worship of gods, passionate faith to worship of Yakshas, and dark faith to worship of spirits. Krishna elaborates on three types of food, sacrifice, penance, and gifts, corresponding to good, passionate, and dark qualities. He emphasizes performing actions with devotion and faith, and explains the significance of OM, TAT, and SAT.
42Arjuna asks about renunciation and abandonment. Krishna explains renunciation as rejecting desires, and abandonment as rejecting fruit. He emphasizes performing actions without attachment, highlighting three kinds of faith, action, and agent, and intellect, constancy, and happiness. Krishna encourages seeking refuge in Him for ultimate freedom and perfection, revealing Himself as the Lord of Yoga and ultimate destination.
43Yudhishthira, the Pandava king, seeks blessings from his elders and gurus, Bhishma, Drona, Kripa, and Salya, before the battle of Kurukshetra. They grant him their blessings and offer advice, despite being bound by duty to fight for the Kauravas. Yuyutsu, a son of Dhritarashtra, defects to the Pandava side, and the two armies prepare for battle. The scene highlights respect, honor, and compassion in the face of conflict.
44The battle between the Pandavas and Kauravas begins, with Bhishma leading the Kaurava army and Bhimasena leading the Pandava army. The two armies clash, creating a deafening din that shakes the earth. Bhishma shines brightly in the battle, his arrows striking true, but the Pandavas refuse to yield. The outcome hangs in the balance, as the two armies fight for victory.
45The battle rages on, with Bhishma and Arjuna evenly matched. Satyaki and Kritavarman fight fiercely, while Abhimanyu gains the upper hand against Vrihadvala. Bhimasena and Duryodhana clash, showing great prowess. Yudhishthira, Nakula, and Sahadeva fight valiantly, and Dhrishtadyumna and Ghatotkacha engage in intense combat. The battle is chaotic, with elephants, cars, and steeds clashing, and the earth soaked with blood. The outcome is uncertain, as warriors on both sides fight with all their might.
46The battle rages on, with warriors displaying courage and skill. Elephants, cars, and steeds clash, and the air is filled with weapons and cries. The Pandavas and Kurus fight fiercely, with no quarter asked or given. Heroes fall, and the earth is soaked with blood. Bhishma's silver standard shines like a lunar orb, and the Pandava divisions waver. The battle is chaotic, with no clear victor in sight. Heroes rise and fall, their names etched in history. The outcome is uncertain, as the battle fueled by the thirst for victory.
47Abhimanyu, son of Arjuna, displays exceptional bravery and skill in battle. He engages in a fierce duel with Bhishma, piercing him with nine arrows. The Pandavas, led by Bhima, Virata, and Satyaki, rush to Abhimanyu's aid, engaging in intense combat with Bhishma and the Kauravas. Sweta, son of Virata, kills Salya, the ruler of Madras. The battle rages on, with no clear victor in sight. Abhimanyu shines, his bravery and skill unmatched. The Pandavas gain the upper hand, but the outcome remains uncertain.
48Sweta, the Pandava generalissimo, duels Bhishma in a fierce battle. Despite being struck by arrows, Sweta fights on, determined to slay Bhishma. But Bhishma's superior skill and strength eventually overpower him, and he falls to the ground, his life lost. The Pandavas mourn their leader's death, while the Kauravas rejoice in their victory. The war rages on, with the Pandavas vowing to avenge Sweta's death and emerge victorious.
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50Dhritarashtra lamented Sweta's fall and blamed Duryodhana's folly. Arjuna duelled Bhishma, seeking revenge. Dhrishtadyumna formed the Krauncharuma array, and the Pandavas launched a fierce attack. Bhishma showed signs of fatigue, and Dhrishtadyumna slew him with Arjuna's help. The Kauravas fled, and the Pandavas emerged victorious.
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51Duryodhana rallied his troops, saying, "United, we're invincible!" Bhishma advanced like a celestial leader, Drona and others following. Conches blew, a deafening din shaking the earth. Madhava and Arjuna blew Panchajanya and Devadatta, the Pandavas responding with their own conches, heralding the start of battle.
52Dhritarashtra asked Sanjaya how the battle began. Sanjaya replied that Duryodhana told his troops to start the fight. Bhishma showered arrows on Arjuna, who stood firm. Vasudeva took Arjuna's car towards Bhishma's, and the two warriors engaged in a fierce duel, evenly matched and unyielding. The earth trembled, and the gods watched in wonder.
53Dhritarashtra asked Sanjaya about the battle between Drona and Dhrishtadyumna. Drona pierced Dhrishtadyumna with many arrows, but the latter stood firm. Dhrishtadyumna hurled a dart and showered arrows, but Drona baffled them and cut off his bow. Bhima came to Dhrishtadyumna's aid, piercing Drona with seven arrows. The battle raged on, with both sides showing great prowess.
54Bhima fought the king of Kalingas and his son Sakradeva, slaying Sakradeva with his mace. He then felled the king from his elephant and slew him with seven shafts. The Kalingas surrounded Bhima, but he slew many heroes and troops, causing the enemy to flee in terror. The Pandava army came to his aid, and Satyaki took up the wing of both Bhima and Dhrishtadyumna. Bhima emerged victorious, none of the enemy daring to withstand him.
55Dhrishtadyumna fought Drona's son, Salya, and Kripa. Abhimanyu joined the battle, piercing Salya, Kripa, and Aswatthaman with arrows. Arjuna came to his aid, and the Kuru army fled in panic. Bhishma and Drona retreated as Arjuna's arrows pierced the hearts of many soldiers. The battle ended with the Pandavas victorious.
56Sanjaya said, "The Kuru army formed into the Garuda array, led by Bhishma, with Bhimasena on the right horn and Yudhishthira in the middle. The Pandavas formed a half-moon array, clashing with the Kuru army in a fierce battle with cars and elephants, and loud shouts that reached the heavens."
57The battle raged on, with Dhananjaya causing great carnage. Both sides suffered heavy losses, with warriors fighting individually. The field was strewn with broken weapons and bodies, the earth miry with flesh and blood. Bhishma and Drona broke the Pandava ranks, while Bhimasena and Ghatotkacha ground down the Kuru troops.
58The kings surrounded Arjuna with thousands of cars, but he checked their attack with his gold-decked arrows. The Pandavas fought fiercely, with Bhimasena and Ghatotkacha achieving great feats. Duryodhana's army fled, but Bhishma and Drona rallied them, and they prepared to fight again.
59Arjuna fought off thousands of cars with his gold-decked arrows, his skill on full display. Bhimasena and Ghatotkacha wreaked havoc on the enemy lines, inspiring the Pandava army to fight with renewed vigor. Despite being outnumbered, the Pandavas held their ground, their determination driving them forward.
60The battle raged on, with Bhishma leading the Kuru army against the Pandavas. Arjuna, with his ape-bannered car and white steeds, charged forward, his standard and car-shaft gleaming in the sunlight. The two armies clashed, with warriors fighting valiantly. Arjuna and Bhishma engaged in a fierce duel, their bows twanging loudly as they shot arrows at each other.
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61Abhimanyu, son of Arjuna, fought valiantly against five warriors, displaying exceptional bravery and skill. He slew Samyamani's son with a mighty blow and engaged in a fierce duel with Samyamani, exchanging blows and emerging victorious. The Pandava army cheered, cementing Abhimanyu's reputation as a hero and warrior.
62Dhritarashtra lamented the fate of his sons, who were being slaughtered by the Pandavas. Bhimasena and Dhrishtadyumna led the charge, with Bhima's mace wet with elephant blood. Abhimanyu joined the fight, piercing Salya with three sharp shafts. The Pandavas fought valiantly, determined to emerge victorious. The Kaurava army fled in terror, and Dhritarashtra knew the end was near.
63Bhimasena single-handedly held off the Kaurava army, his mace crushing cars, elephants, and steeds. His brothers and allies fought alongside him, undaunted by the enemy's numbers. The field of battle resembled the abode of Yama, and the Kaurava warriors were cheerless against Bhima's fury. Satyaki joined the fray, his arrows piercing the enemy lines, advancing like the noon-day sun.
64Bhimasena fought off Duryodhana and his brothers with his mace, crushing cars and elephants. Ghatotkacha joined the battle, creating a terrifying illusion. Bhagadatta was slain, and the Kaurava army retreated in shame and fear. The Pandavas returned to their camp, worshiping Bhimasena and Ghatotkacha as heroes. Their victorious shouts made the earth tremble.
65Dhritarashtra feared the Pandavas' victories, despite the Kauravas' superior numbers and great warriors like Bhishma and Drona. Sanjaya attributed their success to righteousness, might, and morality. Bhishma advised Duryodhana to make peace, but he refused. The Pandavas were protected by the divine Vasudeva, ensuring their victory.
66Bhishma spoke of Vasudeva, the Supreme God, who took birth to slaughter Asuras and protect the Universe. He warned that disregarding Vasudeva as a mere man would lead to darkness and folly. Vasudeva is the Eternal God, pervading all beings, and ever blessed, worthy of worship by all.
67Bhishma spoke of Vasudeva, the Supreme Being, who created the worlds, gods, and Rishis. He is the God of all Gods, with lotus-petals-like eyes, and is known as Govinda. He created the elements, laid himself down on the waters, and is the Mother and Father of all living creatures.
68Bhishma spoke of Vasudeva, the Master and Lord of gods and celestials, described by Narada, Markandeya, Bhrigu, Dwaipayana, and others. He is the God of gods, Creator, and sacrifice of sacrifices. Bhishma advised Duryodhana to make peace with the Pandavas, warning that disregarding Nara and Narayana would lead to destruction.
69Sanjaya described the battle between the Pandavas and Dhartarashtras. Bhishma led the Kaurava army, while the Pandavas formed the Syena array. Bhima penetrated the Kaurava array, and Arjuna countered Bhishma's weapons. Duryodhana asked Drona for help, and a fierce battle ensued, with many warriors exchanging blows.
70Sanjaya described the fierce battle between Kaurava and Pandava armies. Bhishma fought to protect Kaurava sons from Bhimasena. The battle was awful, with din, shrieks, and heads cut off. Warriors slew each other, and elephants ran wildly. The field was strewn with bodies, and a river of blood flowed.
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71Sanjaya described the intense battle between Pandavas and Kauravas. Arjuna's standard shone like a blazing mountain, and Gandiva flashed like lightning. Arrowy showers poured down, confounding the Kauravas. Dust filled the field, and weapons clashed, causing a tremendous uproar. Flashes of lightning and meteors fell, and the sun disappeared.
72Sanjaya described the battle between Pandavas and Kauravas. Sikhandin and Virata approached Bhishma, while Arjuna encountered Drona and Kripa. Bhimasena fought Duryodhana, and Sahadeva battled Sakuni. Yudhishthira led the Pandava forces against the Kaurava elephant division. The battle raged on, with cars and standards moving across the field.
73Sanjaya described the intense battle between Pandavas and Kauravas. Virata pierced Bhishma, who retaliated. Aswatthaman pierced Arjuna, who cut off his bow and pierced him back. Bhima and Duryodhana exchanged blows. Abhimanyu fought Chitrasena and Lakshmana, slaying their steeds and charioteer. The battle raged on, with warriors determined to win.
74Satyaki and Bhurisravas engaged in a fierce battle, shooting innumerable arrows. Bhurisravas slew Satyaki's followers, but Satyaki killed his sons. Enraged, Bhurisravas fought Satyaki, but was taken up by Duryodhana's car. Arjuna slew 25,000 car-warriors, and the battle ended with the sun's disappearance.
75The Kurus and Pandavas prepared for battle, forming arrays. Yudhishthira ordered the Makara array, with Drupada and Dhananjaya at the head, and Bhimasena as the beak. The battle commenced, with elephants, horses, and cars engaging each other. Drona pierced Bhima, who killed Drona's charioteer. The battle raged on fiercely.
76Dhritarashtra described his army as strong and efficient, with skilled soldiers and mighty heroes. He likened it to a vast ocean, with elephants and steeds as waves, and weapons as oars. He believed fate was the only reason his army could be slaughtered, recalling Vidura's rejected counsel and the Creator's ordinance.
77Sanjaya told Dhritarashtra his calamity was his own fault. Bhimasena broke through the Kaurava array, causing fear. Dhrishtadyumna found Bhima and was comforted. The Kaurava warriors attacked, but Dhrishtadyumna used the Pramohana weapon. Drona neutralized it and rescued the princes. Abhimanyu led the charge, breaking through the Kaurava ranks.
78King Duryodhana resisted Bhima with arrows, but Bhima pierced him and his brothers with sharp shafts. Duryodhana struck Bhima, who retaliated with three shafts. Bhima's strength and fury afflicted the Kaurava princes, who fled in terror. Yudhishthira sent twelve car-warriors, including Abhimanyu, to support Bhima and pursue the enemy.
79Abhimanyu and Bhimasena pursued Duryodhana's sons, afflicting them. The Kauravas rushed to the spot, and a fierce battle ensued. Abhimanyu slew Vikarna's steeds and pierced him with arrows. The Pandava army was afflicted by Bhishma, while Partha slaughtered the foe. The field was an ocean of blood, with elephants and steeds as islands and waves.
80King Duryodhana rushed towards Bhima, who was excited with wrath. Bhima pierced Duryodhana's bow, charioteer, and steeds, and shattered his umbrella and standard. Abhimanyu and the Kekayas encountered thy sons, and a fierce battle ensued, increasing the population of Yama's kingdom. Bhishma slew many Pandava troops.
81Duryodhana, anxious and covered in blood, asked Bhishma for help against the Pandavas. Bhishma replied, "I'll fight with all my might and throw away my life for your sake." Duryodhana's army advanced, cheerful and beautiful, with diverse weapons and banners waving in the air.
82Bhishma told Duryodhana, "Many great warriors, including myself, Drona, and Salya, are prepared to fight for thee. We can vanquish the gods, but the Pandavas, with Vasudeva as their ally, are equal to Mahendra in prowess." Bhishma arrayed the troops in the Mandala formation, and the two armies proceeded to battle.
83Bhishma proceeded against Arjuna, surrounded by Trigarta warriors. Drona pierced Virata, killing his steeds and charioteer. Sikhandin struck Aswatthaman, who overthrew his charioteer and steeds. Satyaki defeated Alamvusha, and Dhrishtadyumna covered Duryodhana with arrows. Kritavarman attacked Bhima, who slew his steeds and charioteer.
84Dhritarashtra lamented his warriors' defeats, despite their bravery. Sanjaya attributed it to fate, describing fierce battles: Iravat vs. Avanti princes, Ghatotkacha vs. Bhagadatta's powerful elephant, and the twins vs. their maternal uncle, the ruler of Madras, who fell to Sahadeva's arrow. The twins then charged, causing chaos.
85Yudhishthira and Srutayush fought intensely, exchanging blows. Yudhishthira gained the upper hand, striking Srutayush and slaying his steeds and charioteer. Other battles raged on: Chekitana vs. Gautama, Dhrishtaketu vs. Somadatta's son, Abhimanyu vs. Chitrasena and others, and Arjuna vs. Susarman and other kings. The Pandavas fought valiantly.
86Arjuna fought the Trigarta warriors, cutting off their bows and piercing them with shafts. Many fell, covered in blood. The Pandavas protected Arjuna's car, while Yudhishthira and Bhima targeted Bhishma. Jayadratha cut off Sikhandin's bow, but he resisted Salya's attacks. Bhimasena slew Jayadratha's steeds with a mace.
87Bhishma attacked Yudhishthira, causing the Srinjayas to tremble. Yudhishthira shot arrows, but Bhishma counterattacked, making him invisible. Bhishma slew Yudhishthira's steeds, and the Pandavas surrounded him. Bhishma sported with his bow, felling many warriors. The battle raged on, with both sides suffering losses.
88The Kaurava and Pandava armies formed arrays. Bhishma, Drona, and other Kaurava warriors charged, while Yudhishthira and the Pandavas countered with the Sringataka array. Warriors clashed, whetted shafts fell like snakes, and polished darts shone like lightning. The armies fought fiercely, sending each other to the abode of Yama.
89Bhishma, enraged, slaughtered Pandava warriors. Bhima alone resisted him, killing seven of Duryodhana's brothers. Duryodhana lamented to Bhishma, "My brothers are slain, I am overwhelmed with grief." Bhishma reminded him of his previous warnings and advised him to fight on, making heaven his goal.
90Dhritarashtra lamented his sons' fall and asked Sanjaya about Bhishma, Drona, and Kripa's actions. Sanjaya attributed the Kaurava defeat to fate, recalling Vidura's unheeded warnings. The Pandavas attacked Bhishma, while Arjuna targeted the Kaurava kings. Drona and Bhima wreaked havoc, causing a river of blood to flow.
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91Sanjaya described the battle to Dhritarashtra, telling him about Sakuni's attack and Iravat, Arjuna's son, who charged into battle with his cavalry. Iravat fought fiercely but was slain by the Rakshasa Alamvusha. The battle raged on, with Bhishma and Drona causing the Pandava army to tremble.
92Ghatotkacha, enraged by Iravat's death, roared loudly, causing the earth and sky to tremble. He charged at Duryodhana, vowing to avenge his family's wrongs, including the exile of the Pandavas and Draupadi's humiliation. With memories of past injustices, Ghatotkacha covered Duryodhana with a shower of arrows.
93Ghatotkacha, filled with anger, shot a dart that could pierce a mountain. Bhagadatta intervened, protecting Duryodhana, but his elephant was killed. Ghatotkacha dodged Duryodhana's arrow and shouted fiercely, frightening the Kuru troops. A fierce battle ensued, with Ghatotkacha cutting off bows and piercing warriors, striking fear into their hearts.
94Ghatotkacha shot a dart, killing the elephant and frightening Duryodhana's troops. He dodged Duryodhana's arrow and shouted fiercely, cutting off bows and piercing warriors. Ghatotkacha struck several warriors, including Valhika and Vikarna, and killed the steeds of the king of Avanti. His roars echoed through the battlefield, striking fear into the Kuru warriors.
95Duryodhana, filled with rage, attacked Bhimasena with arrows, cutting off his bow and piercing him. Bhimasena seized a mace and charged, but was attacked by many warriors. Ghatotkacha exhibited a fierce illusion, confounding the Kauravas, who fled in panic, abandoning their wounded and dead.
96Duryodhana, defeated by Ghatotkacha, sought Bhishma's help. Bhishma suggested Bhagadatta, king of Pragjyotisha, to fight the Rakshasa. Bhagadatta rode into battle on his elephant Supratika, shooting arrows and causing chaos. Ghatotkacha hurled a dart, but Bhagadatta cut it in two. The Pandavas fought back, but Supratika was unstoppable.
97Arjuna grieved over Iravat's death and lamented the war's destruction. He blamed Duryodhana and Sakuni, but vowed to fight on. Bhimasena slew several of Dhritarashtra's sons, while Arjuna and Abhimanyu fought valiantly. The battle raged on, with both sides displaying great prowess, until night fell and the fighting ceased.
98Duryodhana, Sakuni, Dussasana, and Karna conspired to defeat the Pandavas. Duryodhana complained about Drona, Bhishma, and Kripa not fighting their best. Karna offered to kill the Pandavas after Bhishma retired. Duryodhana, with his brothers and soldiers, approached Bhishma's tent, asking him to show mercy or let Karna fight.
99Bhishma, pierced by Duryodhana's words, remained silent, his eyes blazing with anger. He vowed to fight fiercely, but avoid Sikhandin, who was born a female. Duryodhana ordered his troops to surround Bhishma with cars and elephants, saying, "If Bhishma is protected, our victory is certain."
100The Kaurava army formed a mighty array with Bhishma at the forefront, surrounded by notable warriors. The Pandavas formed their array with Yudhishthira, Bhimasena, and others. The two armies clashed, sounding loud conches and drums, causing the earth to tremble and the quarters to seem ablaze.
101Abhimanyu's valor in battle is likened to Vasava himself. He scatters the Kaurava army with arrowy showers, his bow drawn in a circle, shafts flying like bees. The sons of Draupadi aid him against Alamvusha, a fierce battle ensues, the earth trembles, and the quarters seem ablaze.
102Dhritarashtra asks Sanjaya to describe the battle between Abhimanyu and Alamvusha. Abhimanyu pierces Alamvusha with sharp shafts, dispels his darkness with the solar weapon, and defeats him. Bhishma covers Abhimanyu with arrows, but he continues to grind down the Kaurava troops. Arjuna arrives, and a fierce battle ensues.
103Dhritarashtra asks how Drona and Arjuna fought each other. Sanjaya describes their fierce battle, with Arjuna piercing Drona with three shafts and Drona countering with many arrows. Arjuna uses the Vayavya weapon, causing a wind that smites the hostile troops, but Drona calms it with the Saila weapon.
104Bhishma and the Pandavas clash in a fierce battle. Bhishma consumes their ranks with keen shafts, but they strike back with numerous arrows. A river of blood flows, with bows and arrows forming its eddies and steeds its fishes. The combatants lament the slaughter, blaming Duryodhana's avarice and envy.
105Arjuna kills many Kshatriyas, and Susarman pierces him with shafts. The Pandavas and Kauravas engage in a chaotic battle. Duryodhana attacks Arjuna to protect the ruler of the Trigartas. Satyaki checks Kritavarman, and Drupada pierces Drona. Bhishma hurls a dart at Satyaki, who baffles it and strikes Bhishma's car.
106Bhishma, surrounded by Pandavas, is protected by Dussasana. Sakuni's son checks Nakula, Sahadeva, and Yudhishthira with horsemen. Pandavas vanquish their foes, causing Duryodhana to grieve. Salya resists Yudhishthira, but is pierced by him and the sons of Madri. Bhima joins the battle, which rages on with arrows and shafts flying.
107Bhishma, excited with wrath, strikes the Pandavas with excellent shafts, piercing each with multiple shafts. The Pandavas retaliate, but Bhishma continues to fight, consuming his foes like a fire. Arjuna and Vasudeva rally the troops, and Arjuna vows to slay Bhishma. Vasudeva urges the steeds on, and Arjuna covers Bhishma's car with arrows.
108Sanjaya tells Dhritarashtra that the Pandavas consult with Bhishma on how to defeat him. Bhishma reveals he won't defend himself against Sikhandin, who was born a woman but became a man. He gives the Pandavas permission to strike him down, and they plan to attack him with Sikhandin at the front.
109Dhritarashtra asks Sanjaya to describe the battle between the Pandavas and Bhishma. Bhishma, enraged, unleashes a fierce counterattack, striking down many warriors and horses. Sikhandin pierces Bhishma with three shafts, but Bhishma refuses to fight back, recognizing Sikhandin as a former woman. Arjuna urges Sikhandin to continue fighting.
110Dhritarashtra asks Sanjaya to describe the battle between Sikhandin and Bhishma. Bhishma, determined to defeat him, slaughters Pandava troops with swift arrows. Arjuna arrives, frightening Kuru warriors, and Bhishma vows to fulfill his promise to kill 10,000 Kshatriyas daily or die trying. A fierce battle ensues.
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111Sanjaya describes the intense battle between the Pandavas and Bhishma. Arjuna leads the charge, with Sikhandin, Dhrishtadyumna, and Abhimanyu joining in. Dussasana resists Arjuna fiercely, but eventually retreats to Bhishma's car. The battle rages on, with no end in sight, as the Pandavas and Kauravas clash in a display of strength and valor.
112Sanjaya describes the intense battle between Pandavas and Kauravas. Warriors engage in fierce duels: Satyaki vs Alamvusha, Bhagadatta vs Satyaki, Abhimanyu vs Sudakshina, Aswatthaman vs Virata. Arjuna fights through Kaurava army, determined to reach Bhishma. Battle rages on, fierce and unrelenting, with no clear outcome.
113Drona, a great bowman, penetrates the Pandava ranks, causing havoc. He tells Aswatthaman that Arjuna will exert himself to kill Bhishma and sees ominous signs. Drona describes Arjuna's prowess and urges Aswatthaman to avoid him and fight for Bhishma's victory, predicting a great carnage.
114Bhimasena fights ten Kaurava warriors, including Bhagadatta and Jayadratha, piercing each with multiple arrows. Despite being pierced himself, he displays remarkable prowess, cutting off bows and killing steeds. Arjuna arrives, and together they become unstoppable, displaying valor and skill in the intense battle.
115Arjuna and Bhima fight valiantly, piercing many warriors. Jayadratha, Salya, and Kripa retaliate, but they continue to display their prowess. Drona and the king of Magadhas arrive, and the battle rages on. Bhishma is the key to victory, and the Pandavas and Kauravas fight fiercely, determined to win.
116Dhritarashtra asks Sanjaya to describe the tenth day of battle. Bhishma, determined to fulfill his vow, causes carnage among the Pandavas. Arjuna and Bhishma clash, their arrows meeting in mid-air. The battle rages on, intense and fierce, with no clear victor in sight. Valor and skill are on full display.
117Sanjaya describes the intense battle between Pandavas and Kauravas. Abhimanyu fights Duryodhana, Arjuna's son pierces him with shafts. Bhishma's bow and arrows rage like fire, consuming all. He fells many car-warriors and steeds, causing chaos. The battle is fierce, with no clear victor in sight.
118Sikhandin strikes Bhishma, but Bhishma doesn't retaliate, remembering Sikhandin's femininity. Arjuna urges Sikhandin to slay Bhishma, but Bhishma's prowess is unmatched. Arjuna's celestial weapons create thousands of arrows, consuming the Kaurava army. The battlefield is strewn with slain warriors, and the sight is both beautiful and frightful.
119The Pandavas and Kauravas clash in a fierce battle. Bhishma fights valiantly, slaying thousands of warriors and elephants. Arjuna, Satyaki, and Sikhandin attack him but are unable to defeat him. Bhishma remembers Sikhandin's femininity and doesn't aim at him. The battle rages on, with both sides suffering heavy losses.
120Bhishma fights valiantly, pierced by many arrows. Arjuna and Sikhandin target him, cutting off his bows. Bhishma, remembering his boon, decides to hold on to life until the sun reaches the northern solstice. Celestials and Rishis appear, curious about his decision. Bhishma falls, and the Pandavas rejoice.
121Dhritarashtra lamented Bhishma's fall, regarding the Kurus as slain. Bhishma lay on his bed of arrows, his standard overthrown. Both armies were cheerless, the welkin gloomy. The Earth seemed to shriek when Bhishma was slain. Creatures praised him, resolving to draw up his vital steed when his father was afflicted.
122Arjuna, with tears in his eyes, supported Bhishma's head with three shafts. Bhishma was gratified, applauding Arjuna for giving him a bed that became him. He asked the kings to dig a ditch around his quarters, saying he'd pay his adorations to the Sun until the northern solstice.
123The kings, Pandavas, and Dhartarashtras came to Bhishma, who lay on a hero's bed. Maidens showered sandalwood powder and fried paddy over him. Bhishma asked for water, but refused it when brought, saying he was beyond human needs. He asked to see Arjuna, who created a jet of water with an arrow.
124Karna came to Bhishma, who was lying on a bed of arrows, and fell at his feet. Bhishma embraced Karna, revealing that he knew Karna was Kunti's son, not Radha's. He praised Karna's prowess and asked him to unite with the Pandavas, but Karna refused, loyal to Duryodhana.

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1 Janamejaya asked Vaisampayana about Dhritarashtra's actions after Bhishma's death. Dhritarashtra lamented the loss and asked Sanjaya what the Kauravas did next. They bowed to Bhishma, prepared for battle, and cried out for Karna to save them. Karna, equal to Bhishma, was their last hope for victory.
2 Karna consoled the Dhartarashtras after Bhishma's fall, vowing to protect the Kuru host and slay the Pandavas. He asked his charioteer to prepare his car and weapons for battle, determined to conquer or die trying. His car was decked with gold and jewels, and his standard bore the elephant's girth device.
3 Sanjaya said, "Beholding Bhishma fallen, the Kauravas' hope of victory disappeared. Karna, filled with grief, approached Bhishma and saluted him. He praised Bhishma's virtues and lamented his fall. Karna declared his ability to slay Arjuna, who was protected by Madhava, and requested Bhishma's permission."
4 Bhishma praises Karna's prowess, recalling his victories over many kings and races. He implores Karna to lead the Kurus to victory, saying, "Be the refuge of thy relatives and friends... Protect the Kaurava host like Duryodhana, regarding it as thy own." Karna encourages the warriors, filling them with joy.
5 Duryodhana asks Karna who should be their next commander after Bhishma. Karna suggests Drona, citing his wisdom, experience, and invincibility. Duryodhana is convinced, and Karna praises Drona as the best choice to lead their forces to victory, comparable to Kartikeya leading the celestials against the Asuras.
6 Duryodhana praises Drona, citing his virtues and suitability to lead. He compares Drona to great leaders like Kapali and Vasava, and says with Drona at the helm, they will vanquish their foes. The kings cry victory to Drona, and the troops glorify him, eager for his leadership.
7 Drona accepts command of the Kaurava army, vowing to fight valiantly. The Kauravas rejoice and perform rituals. Drona arrays the troops in a Sakata formation, while the Pandavas form a Krauncha shape. The battle rages on, with Drona scattering arrows and breaking through the Pandava lines, causing a great slaughter.
8 Drona, filled with rage, single-handedly attacks the Pandava army, felling many warriors. His red steeds are covered in blood as he careers through the field like Death itself. The Pandavas rally against him, but Drona's weapons are too powerful until he is finally slain by Dhrishtadyumna.
9 Dhritarashtra laments Drona's death, wondering how the Pandavas defeated him. He asks Sanjaya if Drona's chariot broke, bow shattered, or arrows exhausted. He questions how Dhrishtadyumna, a prince, could slay the mighty Drona. He seeks details of the battle, unable to comprehend Drona's defeat.
10 Dhritarashtra lamented, "Who resisted Arjuna, shooting showers of arrows? Who opposed Bhimasena, that tiger among men? Who resisted Satyaki, equal to Vasudeva in energy? Who opposed Abhimanyu, resembling Death himself? How can the sons of Pritha meet defeat with Vasudeva as their refuge?"
11 Dhritarashtra said, "Hear, O Sanjaya, the celestial feats of Vasudeva! Even as a boy, Krishna slew powerful Asuras and vanquished kings. He obtained the conch Panchajanya and discus Sudarsana. His prowess is infinite. If he fights for the Pandavas, none can be his antagonist. The Kurus cannot gain victory."
12 Sanjaya said, "Drona asked Duryodhana what boon he desired. Duryodhana asked for Yudhishthira to be taken alive. Drona agreed, but only if Arjuna was absent, citing Arjuna's invincibility. Drona's promise was conditional, requiring Arjuna's withdrawal. Duryodhana proclaimed this to his troops, aware of Drona's partiality for the Pandavas."
13 Sanjaya said, "Yudhishthira learned of Drona's plan to capture him and told Arjuna, 'Prevent it.' Arjuna vowed to protect him, saying, 'I'd rather die than fight Drona.' The Pandavas and Kurus arrayed for battle, and Drona's shafts coursed through the Pandava ranks, striking fear into their hearts.
14 Drona caused chaos in the Pandava army, careereding through it like a raging conflagration. His bow twanged like thunder, showering arrows that crushed warriors. The Pandavas rushed at him, but he caused a river of death to flow, with blood as its waters and cars as its eddies.
15 Dhritarashtra asked Sanjaya to describe the combat between Salya and Bhima. The two warriors roared like bulls, their maces flashing like lightning. They fought intensely, striking each other with sparks flying around. Neither moved, standing firm like hills. The Pandavas triumphed, causing the Kaurava army to flee in fear.
16 Vrishasena single-handedly protects the Kaurava army, displaying his skill. The Pandavas unite to counter him, and a fierce battle ensues. Drona penetrates the Pandava host, but is checked by Kumara. Arjuna arrives, routing the Kauravas and covering Drona's division with arrows. The battle ends with withdrawal and praise for Arjuna.
17 Drona advises Duryodhana to draw Arjuna away from Yudhishthira's side. The Trigarta brothers, seeking revenge, take a vow to slay Arjuna or die trying. Arjuna asks Yudhishthira for permission to fight them, and Yudhishthira grants it, entrusting Satyajit with his protection. The armies clash, with Duryodhana's troops seeking to capture Yudhishthira.
18 Arjuna faces the Trigarta brothers, who are filled with delight at the prospect of fighting him. He blows his conch, Devadatta, and the Trigartas are terrified. Arjuna cuts down their arrows with ease and pierces their ranks, his diadem shining with golden shafts. The Trigartas flee, but their king rallies them to fight to the death.
19 Arjuna tells Krishna to drive the chariot towards the Samsaptakas, vowing to slay them. The chariot moves swiftly, displaying circular motions. Arjuna shoots the Tvashtra weapon, creating multiple images of himself and Krishna, confusing the enemy. He crushes the warriors, and the battlefield becomes impassable, resembling Yama's domains.
20 Drona advances to seize Yudhishthira, while Arjuna battles the Samsaptakas. Yudhishthira 's troops form a semi-circular array to counter Drona's Garuda formation. The battle rages on, with warriors displaying their prowess. Elephants and steeds clash, and the earth is strewn with bodies. Drona confounds his foes and rushes at Yudhishthira.
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21 Drona fights the Pandavas, determined to capture Yudhishthira. Satyajit and Vrika resist, but Drona slays them. The Pandavas attack, but Drona's skill prevails. He consumes their divisions like fire, pursuing and slaughtering many. The battlefield is a scene of carnage, with Drona unstoppable.
22 Dhritarashtra asks if anyone approached Drona when the Pandavas were broken. Duryodhana thinks they won't return, but Karna disagrees, predicting Bhima will fight on. Karna urges Duryodhana to aid Drona, lest he be slain. The Pandavas return to battle, determined to kill Drona, amidst a deafening noise.
23 Duryodhana and Karna discuss the battle between Drona and the Pandavas. Karna predicts Bhima will fight on, despite the odds, and warns Duryodhana to aid Drona quickly. The Pandavas return to battle, determined to slay Drona. The scene is set for a fierce and intense battle, with Drona at its center.
24 Dhritarashtra asks Sanjaya to describe the battle. Bhima breaks through Duryodhana's elephant division, causing chaos. Duryodhana attacks Bhima, but is struck by arrows. Bhagadatta's elephant attacks Bhima, who gets underneath and strikes it. The Pandava host flees in fear as Bhagadatta's elephant wreaks havoc.
25 Arjuna sees Bhagadatta's elephant and decides to fight him, but is summoned by the Samsaptaka car-warriors. He chooses to fight them first, using the Brahma weapon to nearly exterminate them. Krishna is amazed, praising Arjuna for achieving something even the gods couldn't do. Arjuna then tells Krishna to go towards Bhagadatta.
26 Arjuna advances towards Bhagadatta, who rushes towards him on his elephant. The encounter is fierce, with both heroes exchanging arrows. Bhagadatta strikes Partha and Krishna, but Janardana moves the car to keep the elephant at bay. The elephant destroys other warriors, filling Dhananjaya with rage.
27 Bhagadatta showered arrows on Arjuna and Krishna, but Arjuna cut off his bow and quivers and struck him with many arrows. Vasudeva intervened, receiving a dart on his breast, and explained that he had given the Vaishnava weapon to Naraka, who had passed it to Bhagadatta. Arjuna then slew Bhagadatta.
28 Arjuna slew Vrishaka and Achala, the sons of the king of Gandhara, with a single arrow. Sakuni created illusions, but Arjuna dispelled them with his weapons. Arjuna then showered arrows upon the Kaurava host, dividing it into two streams. His arrows fell like flights of locusts, piercing steeds, warriors, and elephants.
29 Dhritarashtra asks Sanjaya about the Kuru warriors' state of mind when their divisions were broken. Sanjaya describes the fierce battle, with heroes on both sides achieving great feats. Dhrishtadyumna checks Drona's advance, and Nila is slain by Aswatthaman. The Pandava host trembles, wondering how Arjuna will rescue them.
30 Bhima, filled with rage, strikes Valhika and Karna with many arrows. Drona pierces Bhima with whetted shafts, and Karna, Aswatthaman, and Duryodhana also attack him. The Pandavas rush to Bhima's side, and the battle rages on, with warriors fighting recklessly and falling to the ground. Arjuna approaches, baffling Karna's Agneya weapon.
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31 Drona's vow is broken, and the Kauravas are defeated. Duryodhana accuses Drona of not capturing Yudhishthira. Drona replies that even gods can't defeat Arjuna and vows to slay a Pandava hero. Abhimanyu pierces Drona's array but is slain by six warriors, filling the Kauravas with joy and the Pandavas with grief.
32 Sanjaya praises the Pandavas, calling them unstoppable in battle. He compares Yudhishthira to the Destroyer and Arjuna to an unmatched warrior. Abhimanyu has all the Pandavas' virtues combined. Dhritarashtra asks Sanjaya to describe Abhimanyu's death, and Sanjaya describes the Kaurava army's formation and advancement towards Abhimanyu.
33 Sanjaya describes the Pandavas' attempt to break Drona's array. Abhimanyu, Satyaki, and Dhrishtadyumna rush towards Drona but are pushed back. Yudhishthira asks Abhimanyu to break the array, knowing he has been taught by Arjuna. Abhimanyu agrees, vowing to penetrate the array like an insect into a blazing fire.
34 Abhimanyu, son of Arjuna, breaks into Drona's array, fearlessly encountering warriors. His charioteer, Sumitra, is hesitant but urges the steeds forward. Abhimanyu strikes down thousands, mangling bodies and limbs. His feats are compared to Garuda and Mahadeva, filling the Kauravas with hopelessness and despair.
35 Duryodhana attacks Abhimanyu, who fearlessly strikes down Kaurava warriors. Drona and others rescue Duryodhana, surrounding Abhimanyu with arrows. Abhimanyu cuts off their shafts and pierces them, displaying remarkable skill and strength. He kills several warriors, and the Kaurava troops flee in disarray, glorifying Abhimanyu's heroism and skill.
36 Abhimanyu, with skill and strength, battles Salya's brother and his followers, who rush at him with rage. He pierces them with shafts, displaying diverse weapons, and shoots arrows repeatedly. Initially gentle, he becomes fierce, shedding his rays and covering the Kaurava army with diverse arrows, causing them to flee.
37 Dhritarashtra asks Sanjaya to describe Abhimanyu's encounter with the Kaurava army. Abhimanyu, with great daring, showered arrows on the warriors, piercing Drona and others. Drona praised him, but Duryodhana, enraged, told Karna and others to crush him. Duhsasana vowed to slay Abhimanyu, covering him with arrows.
38 Abhimanyu, wounded, addresses Duhsasana, vowing to punish him for his cruel deeds. He shoots an arrow that pierces Duhsasana's shoulder, causing him to faint. The Pandavas rejoice, and Abhimanyu proceeds to attack Drona's array. Karna tries to stop him, but Abhimanyu fights on, determined to reach Drona.
39 Karna's brother is beheaded by Abhimanyu, who then breaks through the Kaurava host, causing chaos. Arrows fill the sky, and warriors flee in terror. The battlefield is soon filled with bodies, and the Kaurava army is routed. Abhimanyu's arrows are like a burning brand, consuming all in their path.
40 Dhritarashtra asks Sanjaya about Abhimanyu's rescue. Sanjaya lists the warriors who rushed to battle, but Jayadratha single-handedly checked their advance. Dhritarashtra is impressed and asks about Jayadratha's might. Sanjaya explains Jayadratha's ascetic austerities and boon from Mahadeva to check the four Pandavas (except Arjuna) in battle.
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41 Jayadratha fights valiantly with the Pandavas, his chariot and weapons magnificent. He pierces Satyaki, Bhima, and Yudhishthira with arrows. Yudhishthira cuts off his bow, but Jayadratha takes up another. Bhima fells his bow, standard, and umbrella, but Jayadratha resists, praised by the Pandavas for his single-handed might.
42 Abhimanyu, with mighty energy and sure aim, penetrates the Kaurava array, agitating it like a Makara agitating the ocean. He single-handedly fights off the warriors, slaying many with his far-reaching shafts. The battle rages on, with Abhimanyu cutting off bows and arrows, his form almost invisible, shining like the sun.
43 Abhimanyu, like the Destroyer, penetrates the Katirava host, defeating many car-warriors. Rukmaratha tries to capture him but is slain. Abhimanyu applies the Gandharva weapon, confounding his foes and slaying hundreds of kings. Duryodhana's son is forced to retreat, unable to withstand Abhimanyu's might.
44 Dhritarashtra asks Sanjaya to continue the story of Abhimanyu's battle. Abhimanyu defeats many warriors, including Lakshmana, Duryodhana's son. Duryodhana urges his troops to attack, but Abhimanyu fights them off and destroys the elephant division, killing Kratha's son. The other combatants flee, unable to withstand Abhimanyu's might.
45 Abhimanyu, the youthful and invincible son of Subhadra, penetrated the Kaurava array, making all kings turn away. Six car-warriors, including Drona and Karna, encompassed him, but Abhimanyu paralyzed them with sharp shafts. He slew Vrindaraka and pierced Aswatthaman, Drona, and others, standing immovable like the Mainaka mountain.
46 Abhimanyu and Kaurava warriors engage in an intense battle. Abhimanyu slays six counselors and pierces great bowmen, displaying remarkable skill and strength. Drona advises cutting off his bow and steeds, leaving Abhimanyu weaponless. Undeterred, Abhimanyu takes up a sword and shield, displaying strength and agility, but is eventually pierced by arrows.
47 Abhimanyu, deprived of weapons and chariot, takes up a mace and fights valiantly, slaying many warriors and elephants. Eventually, he is struck down by Duhsasana's son. Kaurava warriors rejoice, while Pandavas grieve. Yudhishthira rallies his troops, praising Abhimanyu's bravery and feats, and urging them to continue fighting.
48 The warriors return to their encampment, covered in blood and grief. The field of battle is strewn with bodies, and the earth is beautiful yet awful in its devastation. A river of blood flows, with cars and elephants as rocks, and Pisachas and Rakshasas feast on the dead. Abhimanyu lies dead, his ornaments displaced.
49 King Yudhishthira laments Abhimanyu's death, feeling responsible for the tragedy. He recalls Abhimanyu's bravery, piercing Drona's array and defeating bowmen. Yudhishthira regrets placing Abhimanyu in danger, a child unskilled in battle, and fears Arjuna's wrath and the Kauravas' extermination. He grieves, surrounded by the Pandava warriors.
50 Yudhishthira laments Abhimanyu's death, and Vyasa comforts him, saying Death is inevitable. Yudhishthira asks about Death's origin, and Vyasa tells the story of King Akampana, who sought answers from Narada. Brahma created the universe, then sought to destroy it, and Sthanu appealed to him to stop the destruction.
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51 Sthanu appeals to Brahma to stop destruction, filled with compassion. Brahma explains the Earth urged him to destroy creatures, but he couldn't find a means. Death emerges, instructed to slay all. Brahma catches her tears, imploring her to carry out her duty. Death is born from Brahma's wrath.
52 Narada tells the story of Death, created by Brahma to destroy creatures. Death was hesitant, fearing unrighteousness, and underwent severe austerities to avoid her duty. Brahma granted her boon, allowing her to slay creatures without sin. Narada advises Yudhishthira to cast off grief and set out for battle alongside his brothers.
53 missing
54 missing
55 King Srinjaya's son Suvarnashthivin was born with a boon from Narada that his body would be made of gold. Robbers killed the prince, and the gold disappeared. Narada consoled Srinjaya, reminding him that even great kings like Marutta, who performed many sacrifices, had to die.
56 Narada said, "King Suhotra, a virtuous and liberal hero, fell prey to death. He performed many sacrifices, making abundant presents to Brahmanas. His kingdom was filled with golden rivers and objects. He obtained a desirable end. Do not grieve for your son, who did not follow in his footsteps."
57 Narada said, "King Paurava, a heroic king, fell prey to death. He gave away thousands of white horses and countless gifts at his Horse-sacrifice. He performed many auspicious sacrifices, giving away precious items. His generosity and accomplishments were unmatched. Do not grieve for your son, who did not follow his example."
58 King Sivi, son of Usinara, fell prey to death. He subdued the earth, performed grand Horse-sacrifices, and gave away immense wealth. His sacrifices were extraordinary, with gold stakes and abundant food and drink. Rudra granted him a boon, making his wealth and fame inexhaustible. Do not grieve for your son.
59 Rama, son of Dasaratha, fell prey to death. He delighted his subjects, slew Rakshasas, and killed Ravana, who abducted his wife. He performed many sacrifices, conquered hunger and disease, and ruled for 11,000 years. His kingdom was free from calamities, and his subjects were long-lived.
60 King Bhagiratha, descendant of Ikshvaku, was dead. He covered Ganga's shores with golden steps and gave thousands of ornamented damsels to Brahmanas. Ganga, afflicted, sat on his lap and was regarded as his daughter. His sacrifices were graced by the gods, and his generosity was unparalleled.
61 King Dilipa, son of Havila, fell prey to death. He performed many sacrifices, gave away the earth to Brahmanas, and had golden roads and sacrificial stakes. The gods attended his sacrifices, and his car's wheels never sank in water. His legacy was unparalleled, and his son should not be lamented.
62 Mandhatri, son of Yuvanaswa, fell prey to death. He vanquished gods, Asuras, and men, and was born after a surgical operation. Indra showed him kindness, and he sucked milk from his fingers. He conquered the earth, performed many sacrifices, and gave away gold and food to Brahmanas.
63 Yayati, son of Nahusha, fell prey to death. He performed many sacrifices, giving wealth to Brahmanas. He aided gods in battle, divided earth into four, and roamed celestial woods like Vasava. He cultivated contentment, abandoned desires, and retired to forest, installing his son on the throne.
64 Amvarisha, son of Nabhaga, fell prey to death. He single-handedly battled a thousand kings, conquering the earth. He performed a hundred excellent sacrifices, worshiping Brahmanas and feeding large classes of people. He gave sacrificial presents, including kingdoms, to priests. The great Rishis praised his liberality.
65 King Sasavindu, a great warrior, performed many sacrifices. He had 100,000 wives, each bearing 1,000 sons, who were skilled in the Vedas. He gave away his sons and unlimited wealth in his Horse-sacrifice. His kingdom was prosperous and happy. He ruled for many years before ascending to heaven.
66 Gaya, son of Amartarayas, ate leftovers from sacrifices for 100 years, pleasing Agni. He asked for knowledge, wealth, and the ability to make gifts and procreate sons. Agni granted his wishes, and Gaya performed many sacrifices, giving away wealth and food, and became well-known in the three worlds.
67 Rantideva, son of Srinjaya, distributed excellent food to Brahmanas day and night. He gave away wealth, subjugated foes, and sacrificed countless animals. He gave away gold coins, golden bulls, and other treasures to Brahmanas, thinking he had given away very little. His affluence was superhuman, a wonder to behold.
68 Bharata, son of Dushmanta, showed great strength as a child, subduing lions and elephants. He performed many sacrifices, including a thousand Horse-sacrifices, and gave generous gifts to Brahmanas. A monarch never conquered, his virtues and deeds surpassed others. He gave away immense wealth, earning great fame.
69 King Prithu, son of Vena, was installed as Emperor and vanquished all. He protected his people, earning the name Raja. The earth yielded crops without cultivation, and all were happy and healthy. Creatures came to him for boons, and he gave away golden images and the earth itself to Brahmanas.
70 Rama, son of Jamadagni, will die despite his virtues. He rooted out evil, caused the primeval Yuga to set in, and slew many Kshatriyas. He performed a hundred sacrifices, giving away the earth to Kasyapa. Even such a hero will die. Do not grieve for your son who performed no good deeds.
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71 King Srinjaya's grief was dispelled by stories of 16 kings who performed great sacrifices. Narada offered a boon, and Srinjaya asked for his son back, who was slain by robbers. Narada revived him, and Srinjaya was overjoyed. Vyasa consoled Yudhishthira, telling him to be quiet and slay his foes.
72 Arjuna was overcome with grief, asking Krishna about his brother and friends. Upon learning of Abhimanyu's death, he lamented, describing Abhimanyu's bravery and virtues. Vasudeva consoled Arjuna, saying death in battle was the goal of brave heroes. Arjuna desired to hear how Abhimanyu fought and vowed to exterminate the foe.
73 Yudhishthira told Arjuna how Abhimanyu fought valiantly but was killed. Arjuna vowed to kill Jayadratha, the king who prevented their rescue. He swore to cut off Jayadratha's head with a hundred arrows, even pursuing him to heaven or hell, and pledged to enter fire if he failed.
74 Jayadratha, fearful of Arjuna's vow to kill him, sought protection from Duryodhana and the assembly of kings. Duryodhana comforted him, promising protection from many great warriors. Jayadratha then asked Drona about his proficiency in arms compared to Arjuna's, and Drona promised to protect him and form an impenetrable array.
75 Krishna criticizes Arjuna for vowing to kill Jayadratha without consulting him. Jayadratha, fearful and grief-stricken, seeks protection from Duryodhana and the allied kings, noting that even gods and Gandharvas can't frustrate Arjuna's vow. Duryodhana assigns six warriors, including Karna and Drona's son, to protect Jayadratha.
76 Arjuna boasts to Krishna that he will defeat the six warriors protecting Jayadratha, including Drona. He swears to kill Jayadratha, even if all the gods protect him. Arjuna vows to pierce through Drona's formation and reach Jayadratha, declaring his celestial bow and strength make him unbeatable.
77 Sanjaya describes ominous signs before the battle: fierce winds, a headless trunk on the sun, and disturbed earth and seas. Vasudeva comforts his sister Subhadra, grieving for Abhimanyu, saying his death was heroic and the ruler of Sindhu will soon meet his end, fulfilling Arjuna's vow.
78 Subhadra lamented Abhimanyu's death, describing his beauty and bravery. She wondered how he was killed despite Pandava protection. Krishna consoled her, saying Abhimanyu achieved a laudable goal. Subhadra praised Abhimanyu's virtues, wishing him the same end as brave warriors who perform sacrifices and are devoted to duty.
79 Krishna thought about helping Arjuna fulfill his vow to kill Jayadratha. He decided to take action, knowing it wouldn't be easy. Krishna instructed Daruka to prepare his chariot and weapons for battle. He vowed to use his strength to help Arjuna defeat Jayadratha and his protectors, including Drona and Duryodhana.
80 Krishna appears to Arjuna in a dream, encouraging him to fulfill his vow to kill Jayadratha. Krishna reveals the Pasupata weapon, used by Maheswara to slay the Daityas. Arjuna meditates on Maheswara, journeying through sacred places, and beholds the god with Parvati, seeking his protection and the Pasupata weapon.
81 Arjuna encounters Shiva, who grants him the celestial weapon Pasupata. They approach a lake, where a snake transforms into a bow and arrow. Arjuna learns the technique and receives the weapon, feeling his goal achieved. He and Krishna thank Shiva and return to camp, filled with joy and delight.
82 King Yudhishthira rises to music and singing, bathes, prays, and worships the fire. He meets with Brahmanas, makes offerings, and gives them gifts. The king takes his seat on a golden throne, and his servants fan him. He meets with Krishna, who is announced with grandeur and ceremony.
83 King Yudhishthira meets Krishna, relying on him for victory and happiness. He recounts their woes, including lost kingdom and exile. Krishna assures Yudhishthira that Arjuna will slay foes, including Jayadratha, and consume enemy troops like a conflagration. He predicts Jayadratha's death and promises prosperity.
84 Arjuna meets Yudhishthira and Vasudeva, and they converse. Krishna equips Arjuna's chariot and they proceed to battle. Auspicious omens appear, including a fragrant breeze and musical instruments. Arjuna expresses confidence in victory and entrusts Satyaki with protecting Yudhishthira. They resemble Indra and the Aswins, ready for battle.
85 Dhritarashtra laments Abhimanyu's slaughter and wonders how the Kauravas can remain fearless. He recalls warning Duryodhana to make peace with the Pandavas, but Duryodhana rejected his counsel. Dhritarashtra notes the Pandavas' righteousness and lists their heroes, wondering who among the Kauravas can resist them.
86 Sanjaya tells Dhritarashtra his lamentations are useless and criticizes him for not preventing the war. He notes Krishna once respected Dhritarashtra but no longer does due to his failure as a king. The ancestral sovereignty is in danger, and Sanjaya wonders who else but the Kauravas would fight against the Pandavas.
87 Drona arrays his army, with Jayadratha and other warriors behind him. The Sakata array is 48 miles long and 20 miles wide, with a lotus and needle-shaped array within. Drona stands at the entrance, stretching his bow, delighting the Kauravas and astonishing the Siddhas and Charanas with his mighty formation.
88 Arjuna and Krishna face off against Durmarshana and the Kuru army. Arjuna's arrows cover his foes, striking off heads and causing chaos. The battlefield is strewn with bodies, and the enemy flees in terror. Arjuna's prowess is too much for them, and they fall like trees before a mighty wind.
89 Duhsasana, filled with wrath, rushed against Arjuna with an elephant force. Arjuna pierced and slew the elephants with his shafts, causing chaos. Elephants fell like mountains, warriors hung from their bodies, and heads fell like lotuses. Duhsasana's forces fled, seeking Drona as their deliverer.
90 Arjuna approaches Drona, seeking his blessing to penetrate the array. Drona tells Arjuna to vanquish him first. They engage in a fierce battle, exchanging arrows. Drona cuts off Arjuna's bow-string, but Arjuna regains strength and pierces Drona. Vasudeva advises Arjuna to proceed, avoiding Drona, to accomplish their task.
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91 Arjuna and Drona engage in a fierce battle, with Arjuna using the Brahma weapon to counter Drona's arrows. Arjuna slaughters the Bhoja host and encounters Kritavarman, who he stupefies. King Srutayudha, made unslayable by a celestial weapon, is slain by Arjuna, and his mace returns to kill him. Sudakshina, the Kamvoja prince, is also slain by Arjuna.
92 Arjuna battles the Kuru army, invoking the Sakra weapon to defeat Srutayus and Achyutayus. Their sons, Niyatayus and Dirghayus, are also slain. Thousands of elephant-riders and kings surround Arjuna, but he cuts them down, causing a river of blood to flow. Srutayus is ultimately slain, his mace and arms struck off.
93 Duryodhana, seeing his army broken, seeks Drona's help. Drona advises him to fight Arjuna himself, tying a magical armor on his body that even the gods cannot pierce. With the armor, Duryodhana proceeds to battle Arjuna, accompanied by a large army and musical instruments.
94 The Kurus and Pandavas engage in a fierce battle. Drona's army is divided, but he reunites them. Dhrishtadyumna separates them again, and the Pandavas slaughter the Kurus. Warriors on both sides fight valiantly, with no one fleeing due to fear. The battle rages on, with Drona and Dhrishtadyumna displaying their prowess.
95 The Kurus and Pandavas engage in a fierce battle. Drona's division is attacked, and warriors fight back with valor. Individual battles rage on, with arrows covering the sky. Sakuni retreats, and Ghatotkacha battles Alamvusha. Yudhishthira fights the ruler of the Madras, while Bhimasena battles Vivinsati, Chitrasena, and Vikarna.
96 The Kurus and Pandavas engage in a fierce battle. Bhimasena attacks Jalasandha, Yudhishthira fights Kritavarman, and Dhrishtadyumna engages Drona. The battle rages on, with warriors fighting fearlessly and falling by the thousands. Drona and Dhrishtadyumna exchange blows, but Satyaki intervenes and rescues Dhrishtadyumna from defeat.
97 Drona and Satyaki engage in a fierce battle, exchanging blows and displaying their skill and valor. The sound of their bows and arrows creates a deafening noise. The battle is intense, with neither side giving in. Celestial weapons are used, but their effects are neutralized. Other warriors join the fight, adding to the chaos.
98 Arjuna and Vasudeva proceed through the enemy troops, with Arjuna's steeds becoming tired. The brothers of Avanti attack, but Arjuna defeats them. Their followers attack, but Arjuna slays them, shining like a fire. He stands alone, surrounded by enemy cars, and resists their attacks with his bow, Gandiva.
99 Arjuna and Vasudeva proceed through the enemy army, displaying their prowess. Vasudeva tends to the steeds' wounds, then yokes them again. They route the enemy, blowing the conch Panchajanya. Many kings try to stop Arjuna, but he is undeterred, driven to find Jayadratha. The Kuru warriors are amazed and dismayed.
100 Arjuna and Vasudeva penetrate the enemy host, causing kings to flee. They pierce through Drona's division, emerging freed from danger. Kuru warriors despair, realizing Jayadratha's slim chances. Arjuna and Vasudeva converse about killing him, filling the Kurus with fear. They rush towards Jayadratha, determined and wrathful.
101 Vasudeva urges Arjuna to fight Duryodhana, the root of the Pandavas' wrongs. He praises Arjuna's prowess, reminding him of the deprivation of their kingdom and the insult to Draupadi. Arjuna agrees, and the two Krishnas proceed towards Duryodhana, who shows no fear despite the danger.
102 Arjuna and Duryodhana engage in an intense battle. Duryodhana's armor, given by Drona, repels Arjuna's weapons. Krishna is amazed, and Arjuna explains the armor's impenetrability. Arjuna vows to defeat Duryodhana, slaying his steeds and charioteers, and cutting off his bow and armor. The battle rages on, with Krishna blowing his conch.
103 The Kuru warriors, including Bhurisravas and Karna, rush towards Arjuna's car, filled with rage. They blow their conchs, but Arjuna and Krishna respond with their own, Devadatta and Panchajanya, which surpass the noise. The warriors engage in a fierce battle, with Arjuna piercing his enemies with skill and lightness of hand.
104 Dhritarashtra asks Sanjaya to describe the warriors' standards. Sanjaya describes the diverse standards, made of gold, with unique marks like apes, lion-tails, and peacocks. The standards shone like flames, with banners moving like dancing ladies. Arjuna's ape-marked standard frightened the Kuru host, while other warriors' standards reflected their bravery.
105 Dhritarashtra asks Sanjaya to describe the battle between Panchalas and Kurus. The fierce encounter rages on, with Drona at the center. Yudhishthira and Drona exchange blows, cutting off each other's bows. Drona kills Yudhishthira's steeds and standard, leaving him weaponless. The Pandava army cries out in despair, thinking Yudhishthira is slain.
106 Vrihatkshatra and Kshemadhurti engage in a fierce duel, with Vrihatkshatra emerging victorious. Dhrishtaketu kills Viradhanwan with a dart, while Sahadeva defeats Durmukha and Nakula quickly overpowers Vikarna. Satyaki slays Vyaghradatta and routs the Magadhas, prompting Drona to rush towards him in a rage.
107 Somadatta's son pierces each of Draupadi's sons with arrows, but they surround and pierce him deeply. Bhimasena's son kills his steeds and cuts off his bow, and Sahadeva's son beheads him. The Rakshasa Alamvusha duels Bhimasena, using powers to become invisible and assume forms, but Bhimasena's Tvashtri weapon forces him to flee.
108 Ghatotkacha and Alamvusha, two powerful Rakshasas, engage in a fierce duel. They exchange blows, creating illusions and displaying strength. Ghatotkacha seizes and crushes Alamvusha, killing him. The Pandavas rejoice, while the Kauravas lament. Ghatotkacha is praised for his bravery, and the battle continues.
109 Dhritarashtra asks Sanjaya to describe the battle between Yuyudhana and Drona. Yuyudhana and Drona exchange blows, with Yuyudhana seeking help from King Yudhishthira. Yudhishthira sends Satyaki to aid Arjuna, praising his bravery and skill. He urges Satyaki to go to Arjuna's aid, saying he is the only one who can help.
110 not there
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111 Satyaki agrees to follow Arjuna, despite fearing censure if he leaves King Yudhishthira unprotected. He assures the king that he will pierce through the enemy host and slay Jayadratha. Satyaki asks Bhima to protect the king and sets out, ready to face the enemy.
112 Satyaki charges forward, determined to follow Arjuna despite Yudhishthira's warnings. He faces Drona, who shoots countless shafts, but Satyaki avoids them and continues on. He defeats Kritavarman and other warriors, displaying his prowess and determination. His charioteer urges caution, but Satyaki presses on, inspiring his fellow Pandava warriors.
113 Dhritarashtra lamented, "Our excellent and numerous army is being slain by the Pandavas. What can it be but Destiny? I fear none will survive. Satyaki and Arjuna have pierced through our army like the ocean. My sons are filled with grief, seeing our warriors retreat in despair."
114 Sanjaya said, "O king, Satyaki defeated Kritavarman and proceeded to face the Trigarta warriors. He fought with valor, scattering the enemy and slaughtering the elephants. Jalasandha, filled with rage, pierced Satyaki, but he struck back, cutting off Jalasandha's arms and head. The latter's elephant fled, crushing friendly ranks."
115 Sanjaya said, "Yuyudhana fought valiantly, shooting arrows at Drona and others. He then faced Duryodhana, and a fierce battle ensued. Both shot keen arrows, making each other invisible. Yuyudhana pierced Duryodhana, who fled. Kritavarman rushed to the spot, and a fierce encounter took place between him and Yuyudhana."
116 Drona and Satyaki engaged in a fierce battle, exchanging arrows. Drona pierced Satyaki's forehead, but Satyaki retaliated with equal force. The warriors displayed incredible lightness of hand, with neither gaining the upper hand. Drona's steeds fled, and Satyaki emerged victorious, cheered on by the Pandavas and Panchalas.
117 Satyaki, having vanquished Drona, proceeded scattering arrows. Sudarsana attempted to check him, but Satyaki baffled his shafts. He slew Sudarsana's steeds and driver, and cut off his head with a broad-headed arrow. The Yadu hero's chariot wheels revolved like the sun's disc, and his arrows fell like meteors.
118 Satyaki, having slain Sudarsana, addressed his driver, "I've forded Drona's ocean; the remaining array can be easily crossed. I'm near Savyasachin." He saw Arjuna's track and the routed Kaurava army. He slew thousands, fulfilling his vow, and the Kauravas beheld his prowess, filling Duryodhana with grief.
119 Yuyudhana, having vanquished the Yavanas and Kamvojas, proceeded towards Arjuna, slaying Kaurava troops like a hunter. His bow and standard shone with gold, and he looked like a second sun. He slew thousands, and his arrows never failed, routing the Kaurava host and surpassing even Arjuna.
120 Dhritarashtra lamented that his sons were no match for Yuyudhana, who slew many warriors, including Duryodhana's men, with his shafts. Despite being surrounded, Satyaki fought fearlessly, causing chaos and destruction. Drona had to decide whether to face the Pandavas or proceed towards Satyaki, who was routing the Kaurava army.
121 Drona rebuked Duhsasana for fleeing Satyaki, reminding him of past insults to Draupadi and Pandavas. Drona attacked Panchalas and Pandavas, causing carnage. Viraketu and other princes fought Drona but were slain. Dhrishtadyumna attacked Drona, but was weakened. Drona emerged victorious, routing Panchalas and Pandavas.
122 Duhsasana attacked Satyaki with arrows, but Satyaki stood firm. Duhsasana's warriors were slain, and his charioteer and steeds were invisible due to Satyaki's arrowy showers. Satyaki proceeded towards Arjuna, defeating Duhsasana and showing no mercy. He restrained himself from killing Duhsasana, remembering Bhimasena's vow.
123 Dhritarashtra asked Sanjaya about Satyaki's advance. Sanjaya described the fierce battle, with Duryodhana piercing many warriors with his arrows. Yudhishthira cut off Duryodhana's bow, but he took up another. The battle raged on, with Arjuna, Drona, and Satyaki excited with wrath, their weapons flying through the air.
124 Drona fought valiantly, slaying many warriors. Vrihatkshatra and Dhrishtaketu attacked him but were killed. The Chedis, Srinjayas, and Kosalas also fell before him. The Panchalas trembled, and Drona's shafts slew hundreds. Drupada criticized Duryodhana, saying his covetousness led to the slaughter of many Kshatriyas.
125 Yudhishthira's anxiety grew as the Pandava army retreated. He feared for Arjuna and Satyaki's safety, thinking of sending Bhima to rescue them. Yudhishthira praised Bhima's strength and resolve, asking him to aid Satyaki and Arjuna. He expressed fear that Arjuna had been slain, hearing the conch Panchajanya's blasts.
126 Bhima prepared to leave, entrusting Yudhishthira's safety to Dhrishtadyumna. He donned his armor, mounted his chariot, and blew his conch. As he rushed into battle, the blasts of Panchajanya grew louder, and Yudhishthira urged Bhima to hurry. Bhima's chariot sped towards Arjuna, and he began to twang his bow, causing the enemy to tremble. The Panchalas and Somakas followed him, and he clashed with Drona's division. Drona checked his course, smilingly striking Bhima's forehead with a shaft. Bhima, excited with wrath, replied, "I am not compassionate like Arjuna. I am Bhimasena, thy foe." He whirled a mace and hurled it at Drona, who jumped down from his chariot just in time. Bhima crushed numerous warriors and slew several of Duryodhana's sons. The Kauravas showered arrows upon Bhima, but he received them like a mountain receiving a shower of stones. Bhima felt no pain and continued to fight, slaying more of Duryodhana's sons. The Kauravas fled, and Bhima pursued them, piercing them from every side. He uttered leonine roars and made a great noise, frightening the car-force and the warriors. Bhima passed towards Drona's division, transgressing the car-force he had vanquished. Bhima prepared to leave, entrusting Yudhishthira's safety to Dhrishtadyumna. He donned his armor, mounted his chariot, and blew his conch. As he rushed into battle, the blasts of Panchajanya grew louder, and Yudhishthira urged Bhima to hurry.
127 Sanjaya said, "Bhimasena crossed the car-force, and Drona showered arrows upon him. Bhima hurled a fierce mace, crushing warriors and inspiring fear. He threw down Drona's car, then rushed towards the Kaurava army, crushing Kshatriyas like a tempest. He beheld Satyaki and Arjuna, uttering a loud shout."
128 Dhritarashtra asked Sanjaya who stood against Bhimasena, fearing him more than Arjuna or Krishna. Sanjaya replied that Karna rushed at Bhima, checking his course. They exchanged arrows, making all combatants tremble. Bhima cut off Karna's bow and pierced him with ten arrows, then killed his charioteer and steeds.
129 Duryodhana, red with wrath, approached Drona, saying, "Arjuna, Bhimasena, and Satyaki have defeated our troops and reached the ruler of Sindhus." Drona advised protecting Jayadratha, the stake in this game of battle. Duryodhana proceeded to protect him, while Drona checked the Panchalas. A fierce battle ensued between Duryodhana and the Panchala princes.
130 Sanjaya described the battle between Bhima and Karna to Dhritarashtra. Bhima, proceeding towards Arjuna's car, was confronted by Karna, who covered him with arrows. Bhima fought back, piercing Karna's chest. The warriors exchanged blows, with Bhima eventually cutting off Karna's bow and slaying his steeds and charioteer.
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131 Dhritarashtra asked Sanjaya to describe the battle between Bhima and Karna. Karna shot dense showers of shafts, but Bhima, remembering past woes, rushed against him. The warriors exchanged blows, agitating each other's forces. The field of battle became awful, with cries of "oh" and "alas" and a great carnage ensued.
132 Dhritarashtra asked Sanjaya to describe the battle between Bhima and Karna. Karna pierced Bhima with thirty shafts, but Bhima cut off Karna's bow and felled his charioteer. Bhima killed Durjaya, Duryodhana's brother, and covered Karna in arrows, making him look like a Sataghni with spikes.
133 Bhima and Karna clashed, exchanging blows and arrows. Karna pierced Bhima, but Bhima responded with multiple arrows, striking Karna's standard and charioteer. Bhima slew Karna's steeds and shattered his chariot. Karna, grief-stricken, fled the battle after Durmukha's death. Bhima's prowess left the Kaurava army in disarray.
134 Dhritarashtra lamented Karna's defeat, recalling Duryodhana's boasts about his prowess. He realized Bhima's strength was unmatched, like a fierce fire or thunderbolt. None could escape Bhima's wrath, not even his sons, who were now in danger. Dhritarashtra regretted not accepting Krishna's suit, acknowledging his own role in the destruction.
135 Bhima and Karna fiercely battled, exchanging blows and arrows. Bhima slew Karna's steeds and charioteer, and Karna took up a mace. Bhima resisted and shot nine shafts, causing Karna to flee on foot. Duryodhana's brothers were slain, and Karna returned, remembering Vidura's words. The warriors fought on, their wrath unbroken.
136 Bhima and Karna fiercely battled, exchanging blows and arrows. Karna's arrows pierced Bhima's body, but Bhima countered, killing seven of Duryodhana's brothers. Bhima remembered his vow to slay Duryodhana's brothers, accomplishing it at a great cost. The battle raged on, a manifestation of destiny.
137 Dhritarashtra lamented the outcome, realizing his evil policy led to destruction. Karna and Bhima fiercely battled, exchanging arrowy showers. The field was strewn with fallen men and animals, and the host fled in fear. A river of blood flowed, and the earth was covered with lifeless forms and weapons.
138 Sanjaya described the intense battle between Karna and Bhima. They exchanged arrows, showing no signs of pain. Bhima pierced Karna's ear and forehead, and Karna became enraged. Arjuna intervened, shooting arrows and driving Karna away. Karna fled, and Bhima followed, mounting Satyaki's car.
139 Dhritarashtra lamented Arjuna's penetration into their host, protected by Drona's son and Karna. He asked Sanjaya to describe Satyaki's fight, which was fierce and remarkable. Satyaki entered the enemy's host, slaughtering many, and engaged in a duel with Alamvusha, eventually slaying him and proceeding towards Arjuna.
140 Sanjaya described Satyaki's bravery, saying he single-handedly vanquished the Trigarta warriors and approached Arjuna's car. Krishna praised Satyaki, but Arjuna worried about Satyaki's fatigue and vulnerability to Bhurisravas's attack. He feared for Yudhishthira's safety, thinking it was a mistake to send Satyaki away, leaving him vulnerable to Drona.
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141 Sanjaya described the intense battle between Satyaki and Bhurisravas. Bhurisravas boasted of his prowess, but Satyaki was unafraid. They exchanged blows, showing their skill. Bhurisravas seized Satyaki's hair, but Arjuna shot an arrow, cutting off Bhurisravas's arm and saving Satyaki. The duel continued, each warrior determined to win.
142 Bhurisravas rebuked Arjuna for cutting off his arm while engaged with Satyaki. Arjuna justified his actions, citing his duty to protect those on his side. Bhurisravas chose to die according to the vow of Praya, spreading a bed of arrows and meditating. Satyaki eventually beheaded him, despite being forbidden.
143 Dhritarashtra asked how Satyaki was defeated by Bhurisravas. Sanjaya explained that Somadatta, Bhurisravas's father, had received a boon from Mahadeva to defeat Sini's descendant. The Vrishni heroes, including Satyaki, are invincible in battle, but the boon fulfilled, led to Satyaki's defeat.
144 Arjuna, determined to kill Jayadratha, fought through the Kuru army. Karna tried to stop him, but Arjuna's arrows were too powerful. As the sun set, Arjuna and Karna dueled, exchanging blows. Arjuna's celestial weapons prevailed, killing Karna's horses and charioteer. He continued fighting, determined to fulfill his vow.
145 Arjuna fought through the Kuru army to reach Jayadratha, determined to fulfill his vow. With Gandiva and celestial weapons, he battled through enemy lines, defeating many warriors. Karna and Duryodhana tried to stop him, but Arjuna's skill and determination prevailed. He remained focused on his goal, using his weapons and chariot to devastating effect.
146 Dhritarashtra asked Sanjaya to describe the battle after Jayadratha's death. Arjuna fought through the Kuru army, showing mercy to Kripa and Aswatthaman. Satyaki and Karna dueled, scattering arrows. Karna was made carless, and his charioteer was slain. Satyaki spared Duryodhana's brothers, not wanting to falsify Bhima's vow.
147 Dhritarashtra asked Sanjaya to describe the battle between Bhima and Karna. Bhima, enraged by Karna's insults, reminded Arjuna of their vow to slay Karna. Arjuna criticized Karna's false bravery, reminding him of past defeats, and vowed to slay him and his followers. Krishna praised Arjuna's feat, comparing it to Indra's victories.
148 Sanjaya said, "Krishna worshipped King Yudhishthira, saying, 'Your prosperity increases. Your foe has been slain.' Yudhishthira embraced Krishna and Arjuna, praising Krishna's power and divinity. Bhima and Satyaki saluted their senior, and Yudhishthira congratulated them, saying, 'By good luck, I see you both escaped from that sea of troops.'"
149 Suyodhana was filled with grief and affliction upon the fall of the ruler of the Sindhus. He regretted relying on Karna, who was defeated, and lamented the loss of his friends and allies. He felt guilty for failing to protect them and sought Drona's permission to engage in battle to achieve victory or meet his end.
150 Dhritarashtra asked Sanjaya about Drona's state of mind after the fall of Bhurisravas and the ruler of the Sindhus. Drona was filled with grief, regretting his advice was not heeded, and blaming Duryodhana for disregarding Vidura's warnings. He vowed to fight on, encouraging Aswatthaman to prioritize religion and righteousness.
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151 Duryodhana blamed Drona for allowing Arjuna to penetrate the array and slay the ruler of the Sindhus. Karna defended Drona, saying Arjuna's success was due to his own prowess and Fate. He suggested they continue to fight with resolution, setting Fate at nought, and the outcome would depend on who excelled.
152 The elephant force of the Kurus fought intensely, prevailing over the Pandavas. Warriors pierced each other with arrows, despatching one another to Yama's abode. Duryodhana, filled with rage, penetrated the Pandava host, causing chaos. Yudhishthira broke his bow and struck him with ten arrows. Drona intervened, destroying Panchala warriors.
153 Dhritarashtra asked about Drona's battle with the Pandavas. Sanjaya described the fierce fight, with many warriors proceeding against Drona. The night was dark, with drums and cymbals creating confusion. Drona pierced thousands with his shafts, while the Pandavas united against him. The earth was covered with bodies, and the battle noise was like a burning forest.
154 Dhritarashtra asked Sanjaya to describe the battle when Drona entered the Pandava ranks. Drona slaughtered many, including King Sivi. Bhima slew the ruler of the Kalingas and his brother with his fists. The Pandavas felt joy at Bhima's feats, while the Kauravas, led by Duryodhana, fled in terror.
155 Drona enters Pandava ranks, slaying many. Bhima fights back fiercely, his massive fists swinging like maces. The two titans clash, their blows ringing out like thunder. Drona's arrows fly swift and true, but Bhima's fists are unyielding and unstoppable. The Pandavas watch in awe as Bhima takes on the unconquerable Drona.
156 Sanjaya describes the intense battle between Pandavas and Kauravas. Yudhishthira, Bhimasena, and Dhrishtadyumna fight against Drona's son. Bhima slays Valhika and ten of Dhritarashtra's sons. Yudhishthira destroys Kaurava ranks, but Drona counters with celestial weapons. The battle rages on, with both sides evenly matched.
157 Karna boasts that he will slay the Pandavas, but Kripa criticizes him, saying his words are empty. Kripa praises the Pandavas, calling Arjuna a formidable warrior. Karna claims his dart from Indra will ensure victory and threatens to cut out Kripa's tongue if he continues to insult him.
158 Aswatthaman, enraged by Karna's insults, rushed at him but was stopped by the king and Kripa. The Pandavas and Panchalas approached, challenging Karna, who fought back valiantly. Karna and Arjuna clashed, exchanging arrows, but Karna's bow was broken and his steeds killed. Still, he refused to yield.
159 Aswatthaman, enraged by Duryodhana's words, vowed to destroy the Pandavas. He fought fiercely, afflicting all bowmen. Dhrishtadyumna rushed against him, but Aswatthaman covered him with arrows. The two warriors exchanged blows, their anger and skill on full display. Aswatthaman emerged victorious, slaying hundreds of Panchalas.
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161 Yudhishthira and Bhimasena surrounded Drona's son, prompting Duryodhana to rush to his aid. A fierce battle ensued, with Yudhishthira and Bhima slaying many warriors. Arjuna despatched the Yaudheyas and Malavas, and the Panchalas fled in fear. Drona destroyed foes with the Vayavya weapon, but the Pandavas' valor ultimately prevailed.
162 During the fierce battle, darkness enveloped the world, causing confusion and panic. Drona, Karna, and Kripa fought valiantly, but the darkness made it difficult to see. Lamps were lit, illuminating the armies and making the weapons and ornaments shine. The battle raged on, with the warriors' faces trembling with ardor.
163 The warriors engaged in fierce battle, weapons and armor shining in the light of thousands of lamps. The earth was ablaze, like a conflagration at the end of the world. Arjuna penetrated the Kaurava ranks, weakening all the kings. Duryodhana ordered his brothers to protect Drona from the rear.
164 Yudhishthira commanded his troops to attack Drona. Kritavarman, son of Hridika, rushed at Yudhishthira, and they engaged in a fierce battle. Other warriors clashed, including Karna, Bhuri, and Duryodhana. The battle raged on, with elephant riders and horsemen fighting intensely. Kritavarman emerged victorious, causing Yudhishthira to retreat.
165 Bhuri and Satyaki engaged in a fierce battle, exchanging blows. Satyaki killed Bhuri, then Aswatthaman attacked him. Ghatotkacha intervened, vowing to slay Aswatthaman, but was knocked unconscious. Aswatthaman roared, his body blazing like the sun. Meanwhile, Bhimasena and Duryodhana battled intensely, exchanging arrows.
166 Karna resisted Sahadeva, who advanced to get at Drona. Sahadeva pierced Karna with nine shafts, but Karna returned the attack, cutting off Sahadeva's bow and slaying his steeds and driver. Sahadeva hurled a mace and dart, but Karna cut them off, and Sahadeva left the battle.
167 The ruler of the Madras and Virata engaged in a fierce battle, exchanging arrows. Virata's steeds were slain, and he swooned. The troops fled, and Arjuna advanced, battling the Rakshasa Alamvusha. Arjuna emerged victorious, striking Alamvusha with six shafts and piercing him with four arrows. The rest fled in fear.
168 Chitrasena and Satanika exchanged arrows, and Chitrasena's armor was cut off. Vrishasena attacked Drupada, piercing him with sixty arrows. Drupada fell, pierced by Vrishasena's arrow. Duhsasana fought Prativindhya, felling his steeds and driver, and cutting off his car and banner. A fierce battle ensued as Prativindhya's brothers rushed to rescue him.
169 Sakuni and Nakula exchanged arrows, both piercing each other. Nakula swooned, but recovered and struck Sakuni with sixty arrows, cutting off his bow and standard. Sikhandin and Kripa fought fiercely, covering the sky with arrows. The battle was intense, with warriors killing their own kin in the darkness.
170 Dhrishtadyumna and Drona clashed, exchanging arrows. Drona cut off his bow, but he took up another and shot a terrible shaft. Karna cut it off, and the two armies clashed. Dhrishtadyumna was surrounded and eventually slain by Drumasena. Satyaki arrived, piercing Karna with arrows, and a fierce battle ensued.
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171 Kings of thy army surrounded Yuyudhana, showering arrows, but he cut them off. Duryodhana rushed at him, but Yuyudhana pierced him and killed his steeds and driver. Sakuni's forces fought Arjuna, who checked their advance and slew many. Dhrishtadyumna pierced Drona, cutting off his bowstring, and destroyed the Kaurava host.
172 Thy son rebuked Karna and Drona, saying they promised to vanquish the Pandavas but stood indifferent. Pierced by his words, they engaged in battle once more. Drona and Karna fought fiercely, scattering shafts. The Pandavas returned to battle, and a fierce encounter ensued, resembling two oceans swelling at moonrise.
173 Karna and Dhrishtadyumna engaged in a fierce battle, exchanging arrows. Karna slew Dhrishtadyumna's driver and steeds, and the latter took up a mace. Karna's prowess terrified the Panchalas, who fled in fear. Yudhishthira urged Arjuna to confront Karna, but Vasudeva suggested Ghatotkacha instead, citing his Rakshasa powers.
174 Duryodhana told Duhsasana to protect Karna from Ghatotkacha. Jatasura's son offered to slay Ghatotkacha and the Pandavas. The two Rakshasas engaged in a fierce duel, displaying illusions and fighting with spiked clubs and maces. Ghatotkacha cut off Alamvusha's head and threw it at Duryodhana's car, warning him of his own demise.
175 Dhritarashtra asked Sanjaya to describe the battle between Karna and Ghatotkacha. Ghatotkacha, a gigantic Rakshasa, fought Karna with illusions and weapons. He assumed different forms, poured down rocks and trees, and devoured celestial weapons. Karna destroyed his illusions and struck him down with shafts.
176 Alayudha, a powerful Rakshasa, arrived on the battlefield seeking revenge for his kinsmen's deaths at Bhima's hands. He offered to fight the Pandavas alone and Duryodhana accepted. Alayudha rode a car similar to Ghatotkacha's, with 100 flesh-eating steeds, and was mightier and more handsome than Ghatotkacha.
177 Alayudha, a powerful Rakshasa, joined the battle, seeking to slay Ghatotkacha. Bhimasena rushed to his aid, and the two Rakshasas engaged in a fierce duel. The battle raged on, with both sides using various weapons and showing great prowess. Krishna urged Arjuna to assist Bhimasena, who was struggling against Alayudha.
178 Vasudeva urged Ghatotkacha to save Bhima from Alayudha's attack. Ghatotkacha abandoned Karna and engaged Alayudha in a fierce battle, eventually slaying him with a mace. The Pandavas celebrated, beating drums and blowing conchs. Duryodhana was filled with anxiety, realizing his troops were no match for the Pandavas.
179 Ghatotkacha, delighted after slaying Alayudha, uttered loud roars, causing fear among the Kauravas. Karna fought back, but Ghatotkacha's illusion persisted, emitting lightning and blazing brands. The Kauravas were afflicted, but their leaders stood firm. Ghatotkacha was finally slain by Karna's dart, but not before killing many Kauravas.
180 Vasudeva celebrated Ghatotkacha's death, revealing to Arjuna that Karna's dart had been baffled, making him vulnerable. Karna's natural armor and earrings, taken away by Sakra, made him invincible no more. Vasudeva assured Arjuna he would have the chance to kill Karna when his car wheels sank into the earth.
181 Vasudeva explained to Arjuna how powerful warriors like Jarasandha and Ekalavya were slain through clever means. He reassured Arjuna that he would help him defeat Karna and Suyodhana, and that righteousness would prevail. Vasudeva urged Arjuna to focus on the battle, as the enemy was gaining ground.
182 Dhritarashtra lamented that Karna's dart killed Ghatotkacha, not Arjuna. Sanjaya explained that Vasudeva protected Arjuna and manipulated events to render the dart fruitless. Vasudeva had stupefied Karna and despatched Ghatotkacha to engage him, saving Arjuna from certain death and turning the tide of battle in the Pandavas' favor.
183 Dhritarashtra lamented that Karna's dart killed Ghatotkacha instead of Arjuna or Krishna. Sanjaya attributed this to destiny and divine illusion. Yudhishthira was filled with grief and wrath, but Krishna encouraged him to fight on. Vyasa advised Yudhishthira to unite with his brothers and fight with righteousness, reminding him that victory is on the side of righteousness.
184 Yudhishthira refrained from killing Karna due to Vyasa's words. The Pandavas and Kauravas battled on, but as night fell, they grew tired and sleepy. Arjuna suggested they rest until the moon rose. They slept, exhausted, and the army looked like a painting. The moon rose, and they awoke, ready to fight again.
185 Duryodhana rebuked Drona for showing mercy to the Pandavas. Drona replied that slaying them would be ignoble. Duryodhana boasted that he, Karna, and Duhsasana would slay Arjuna, but Drona called him foolish, saying Arjuna was unslayable. Drona urged Duryodhana to face Arjuna himself and accomplish his vow.
186 The battle resumed at dawn, with Arjuna piercing the Kuru host. Drona resisted, but Arjuna baffled his weapons. Drona moved away, causing the Pandavas to tremble. Drupada and Virata attacked him, but were vanquished. Dhrishtadyumna swore to kill Drona, and the Panchalas and Arjuna attacked from different sides.
187 The battle resumed at sunrise, with warriors adoring the rising sun. The noise of conchs, drums, and weapons filled the air, and the earth shook beneath their feet. The field became a crematorium, with elephants and steeds worn out, and warriors shrouded in dust. The battle continued with vigor.
188 Duhsasana attacked Sahadeva, but Sahadeva quickly cut off his driver's head. Karna came to rescue Duhsasana, and a fierce battle ensued with Bhima. Drona and Arjuna also fought a stupendous battle, displaying their skill and sureness of aim. Celestials and Gandharvas watched in wonder, declaring it a high Brahma encounter.
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190 Duhsasana encountered Dhrishtadyumna, who showered arrows on his steeds. Duryodhana rushed to the spot, scattering arrows, and was met by Satyaki. They exchanged words, recalling their childhood friendship, but prepared to fight. Karna rushed to rescue Duryodhana, but Bhimasena crushed his bow and driver with a mace.
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191 Drona caused a great carnage among the Panchalas, making the Pandavas hopeless. Kesava suggested a contrivance: tell Drona his son Aswatthaman was slain. Bhima slew an elephant with that name and exclaimed, "Aswatthaman hath been slain!" Drona was momentarily disheartened, but the Rishis appeared, rebuking him for fighting unrighteously.
192 Dhrishtadyumna attacked Drona, who was grief-stricken and anxious. Drona's weapons failed him, and his arrows were exhausted. He took up another bow and continued fighting, exchanging blows with Dhrishtadyumna. Satyaki intervened, rescuing Dhrishtadyumna and cutting off Drona's shaft. Kesava and Dhananjaya applauded Satyaki's prowess.
193 Duryodhana and others surrounded Satyaki, who was rescued by Yudhishthira and the Pandavas. Drona, knowing his time had come, fought fairly, consuming many Kshatriyas. Bhima rebuked him for fighting for his son, and Drona laid aside his bow, devoted himself to Yoga, and repaired to heaven. Dhrishtadyumna beheaded him.
194 After Drona's fall, the Kauravas fled in fear, unable to stay and fight. Aswatthaman, filled with rage and grief, rushed against his foes, slaying many. He asked Duryodhana why they were fleeing, but Duryodhana couldn't bear to tell him of Drona's death. Kripa broke the news, and Aswatthaman's wrath intensified.
195 Dhritarashtra asked Sanjaya about Aswatthaman's reaction to his father Drona's death at Dhrishtadyumna's hands. Aswatthaman, a skilled warrior, was taught by Drona and possessed celestial weapons. He was ordained to slay Dhrishtadyumna, and his response was eagerly anticipated. Aswatthaman was a great hero, firm in battle and never fatigued.
196 Aswatthaman, filled with grief and rage, vowed to exterminate the Panchalas and slay Dhrishtadyumna, boasting that no one, including Arjuna, could equal him in battle. He invoked the celestial Narayana weapon, and the Kuru army rallied, preparing for battle. The Pandavas took counsel, readying for the fight.
197 Sanjaya described the terrifying scene as the Narayana weapon was invoked. Arjuna revealed that Aswatthaman, Drona's son, was rallying the Kaurava army, seeking revenge for his father's death. Arjuna lamented the Pandavas' unrighteous slaying of Drona, feeling shame and guilt, and predicting a fierce battle ahead.
198 Bhimasena and the Panchala king's son responded to Arjuna's doubts, arguing that as Kshatriyas, it was their duty to fight and rescue others from harm. They reminded Arjuna of past injustices and boasted of their strength, defending their actions as necessary and justified. They urged Arjuna to set aside his doubts and fight.
199 Dhritarashtra laments Drona's death, asking if no one felt wrath when Dhrishtadyumna insulted him. Satyaki condemns Dhrishtadyumna's actions as sinful, but Dhrishtadyumna retorts, listing the Pandavas' unrighteous acts. Satyaki rushes at him, but Bhima intervenes. Sahadeva calms Satyaki, reminding him of friendship and forgiveness.
200 Drona's son, Aswatthaman, wreaked havoc on the Pandava army, vowing to slay the Panchala prince. Bhimasena charged at him, determined to counter the Narayana weapon. Arjuna refused to use Gandiva, citing his vow. Bhimasena and Aswatthaman clashed, exchanging blows, as the Pandava army panicked and fled.
201 Aswatthaman unleashes the Narayana weapon, causing chaos in the Pandava army. Bhimasena charges forward with his mace, determined to counter the attack. The two engage in a fierce duel, exchanging blows and showcasing their strength and skill. Bhimasena's valiant efforts are tested by the weapon's might.
202 Aswatthaman's Narayana weapon wreaks havoc on the Pandava army. Bhimasena charges forward, mace in hand, determined to counter the attack. The two engage in a fierce duel, exchanging blows and showcasing their strength. Bhimasena's determination is tested by the weapon's might, as the Pandava army's fate hangs in the balance.
203 Sanjaya said, "O king, Drona fell after five days of battle and ascended to Brahma's realm. This Parva holds great significance, yielding fruits equal to studying the Vedas. It recounts brave Kshatriyas' deeds and offers spiritual and worldly blessings to those who read or listen to it daily."
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1 After Drona's fall, the Kauravas, led by Duryodhana, were consumed by grief. They made Karna their generalissimo and prepared for battle. The Pandavas also prepared, resolved to win. The battle raged for two days, with Karna making a great slaughter before being slain by Arjuna.
2 Sanjaya went to Dhritarashtra's abode, grief-stricken over Karna's fall. The king, distressed and energy-sapped, asked about Bhishma and Drona's fate. Sanjaya described their slaughter, and Dhritarashtra lamented, "My heart is pained! Those two had no equals in weapons!" Sanjaya consoled him, saying Destiny is unconquerable.
3 When Drona fell, Duryodhana's sons were overcome with grief. He rallied them, praising Karna's strength and prowess, recalling his defeats of Bhimasena and Ghatotkaca. With Karna as generalissimo, the Kuru army charged forward, causing carnage, until Karna was slain by Arjuna.
4 Hearing of Drona's death, Dhritarashtra fell to the ground, overcome with grief. The ladies wailed loudly, filling the earth with their cries. Sanjaya comforted them, and Vidura restored the king to consciousness. The king censured his sons, applauded the Pandavas, and asked Sanjaya if Duryodhana had been killed.
5 Dhritarashtra asks Sanjaya about the battle's outcome. Sanjaya reports that Bhishma, Drona, and Karna have fallen, along with many other heroes. The Pandavas have lost Ghatotkaca and Abhimanyu. Arjuna and Karna dueled, resulting in Karna's death. The Pandavas won, but at great cost. Dhritarashtra laments the destruction.
6 Dhritarashtra asks Sanjaya about the Pandavas who were slain by his side. Sanjaya lists many heroes, including Abhimanyu, Virata, and Drupada, killed by Drona and Bhishma. Other warriors, like Vrihanta and Manimat, were also slain. The account highlights the scale of destruction and loss of life on both sides.
7 Dhritarashtra mourns the loss of his warriors, including Bhishma and Drona. Sanjaya informs him that Ashvatthama, Kritavarma, Shalya, and others are still alive and eager to fight. However, Dhritarashtra is overcome with grief, swoons, and falls to the ground, his heart and senses stupefied by the dire calamity.
8 King Dhritarashtra lamented Karna's death, praising his strength and bravery. He wondered how Arjuna could have slain him and lamented the annihilation of his army. The king wished for poison, fire, or a fatal fall, unable to bear his grief, and marvelled at his own survival despite his heartbreak.
9 Dhritarashtra lamented Karna's death, praising his strength and bravery. He wondered how Arjuna could have slain him and lamented the annihilation of his army. Sanjaya consoled the king, saying he should summon his fortitude and not yield to grief. The king asked about the circumstances of Karna's death and the other warriors.
10 Sanjaya told Dhritarashtra that after Drona's fall, the Kauravas fled but Duryodhana rallied them. Ashvatthama suggested installing Karna as commander, praising his bravery. Karna accepted, was formally installed, and praised by the Kauravas. With Karna leading, they felt hopeful and confident, determined to defeat the Pandavas.
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11 Dhritarashtra asked Sanjaya to describe Karna's actions as commander. Karna's army was arrayed with music, his car shone like the sun, and he blew his conch, inspiring his troops. Yudhishthira told Arjuna that Karna was a formidable foe, and if he was slain, the Pandavas would win.
12 The two armies clashed, men, horses, and elephants striking each other. Bhima, on an elephant, encountered Kshemadhurti, and they engaged in a fierce battle. The two elephants clashed, and the warriors exchanged blows. Bhima emerged victorious, striking down Kshemadhurti, and the Kauravas fled.
13 Karna attacked the Pandava army with straight shafts. Nakula rushed against Karna, Bhimasena attacked Drona's son, and Satyaki checked the Kaikaya princes. The battle raged on, with each side trading blows. Satyaki killed the Kaikaya princes and the Pandavas cheered, their voices ringing out across the plain.
14 Srutakarman and Citrasena fought fiercely, exchanging arrows. Citrasena was pierced with 90 arrows and his bow was cut off. He fell to the ground, and his troops fled. Prativindhya attacked Citra, striking him with 5 arrows. Citra retaliated, but Prativindhya emerged victorious. The Pandavas routed the Kaurava army.
15 Drona's son and Bhima fought fiercely, exchanging arrows. Bhima was pierced with 90 shafts, but retaliated with three cloth-yard shafts. The battle was intense, with fire generated from clashing shafts. Both warriors were evenly matched, their valor and skill on display. Their drivers bore them away, exhausted.
16 Dhritarashtra asked Sanjaya to describe the battle between Arjuna and the samsaptakas. Arjuna penetrated the force, causing chaos and destruction. He cut off heads and arms, his arrows filling the air like a tempest. Ashvatthama rushed towards him, but Arjuna cut off his bow and pierced him with three shafts.
17 Sanjaya described the battle between Arjuna and Ashvatthama, comparing it to a celestial battle. They exchanged blazing shafts, afflicting each other deeply. Arjuna pierced Ashvatthama between his eyebrows, and the son of Drona looked resplendent like the Sun. The two Krishnas were also afflicted, looking like two Suns at the end of the Yuga.
18 Sanjaya described the battle between Arjuna and the Magadha warriors, Dandadhara and Danda. Arjuna pierced Dandadhara with arrows, cutting off his bow and standard. He then killed Dandadhara and Danda, and their elephants, with razor-headed shafts. The Magadha army broke in fear, and the Pandava soldiers rejoiced.
19 Arjuna slew many warriors, cutting off heads, arms, and weapons. The battlefield was filled with bodies and weapons. Vasudeva praised Arjuna's prowess, saying even the closest attention couldn't mark his swift shooting. The earth was strewn with faces, earrings, and beards, resembling a lake with lilies and lotuses.
20 Dhritarashtra asked Sanjaya to describe Pandya's battle prowess. Pandya considered himself superior to other warriors and single-handedly slaughtered Karna's army. Ashvatthama praised Pandya's skills and challenged him. The two engaged in a fierce battle, with Ashvatthama emerging victorious, quieting Pandya "like a blazing fire extinguished with water."
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21 Dhritarashtra asked Sanjaya about Arjuna's actions after Pandya's fall. Krishna urged Arjuna to act as Karna routed the Pandava army. The Kurus and Pandavas clashed, filling the sky with arrows. Karna fought valiantly, striking off heads and piercing coats of mail. The Pandavas refused to back down, surrounding Karna with determination.
22 Sanjaya described the intense battle between the Pandavas and Kauravas. Elephant-warriors attacked Dhrishtadyumna, but he fought back valiantly. The Pandavas and Pancalas aided him, showering weapons on the elephants and riders. Nakula, Sahadeva, and Satyaki fought bravely, striking down elephants and riders. The Pandavas emerged victorious, their bravery and skill proving too much for the Kauravas.
23 Sahadeva and Duhshasana clashed in a fierce battle. Sahadeva's bow was cut off, but he took up a sword and hurled it at Duhshasana's chariot. The sword was deflected, and Duhshasana countered with arrows. Sahadeva retaliated, striking Duhshasana's driver and sending his chariot fleeing. Sahadeva emerged victorious, crushing Duryodhana's division.
24 Nakula and Karna clashed in a fierce battle. Karna cut off Nakula's bow and struck him with many arrows. Nakula fled, and Karna pursued, placing his bow around Nakula's neck and taunting him. He then released Nakula, who returned to Yudhishthira's car in shame. Karna proceeded to slaughter the Pancalas.
25 Yuyutsu and Uluka fought, with Uluka victorious. Srutakarman defeated Satanika, and Shakuni battled Sutasoma, cutting off his bow and quivers. Sutasoma wielded a scimitar, displaying great skill, but Shakuni cut it off. The Pandava army was routed, with many warriors slain or fled.
26 Kripa resisted Dhrishtadyumna, who was stunned and fled to find Arjuna or Bhimasena. Shikhandi battled Kritavarma, striking him with many arrows, but Kritavarma's armor protected him. Kritavarma counterattacked, causing Shikhandi to swoon. The Pandava army, slaughtered on all sides, fled in defeat. Kripa and Kritavarma emerged victorious.
27 Arjuna battled many warriors, piercing each with multiple arrows. He killed Satrunjaya, Susruta's son, and Candradeva, and checked others with five arrows. Invoking the Aindra weapon, he unleashed thousands of shafts, causing chaos. The samsaptakas were slaughtered, their bodies lying on the ground, adorned with sandal-paste and flowers.
28 Sanjaya described the intense battle between the Pandavas and Kauravas. Yudhishthira pierced Duryodhana, who was rescued by Karna and others. The battle raged on, with warriors fighting fiercely. Elephants and horses were slain, and foot-soldiers were trampled. The earth was covered with gore and flesh, and the scene was chaotic.
29 Dhritarashtra asked Sanjaya to describe the battle between Yudhishthira and Duryodhana. The two warriors engaged in a fierce duel, exchanging arrows and mangling each other's bows and standards. Yudhishthira eventually gained the upper hand, striking Duryodhana with a mighty dart, causing him to fall unconscious.
30 Sanjaya described the intense battle between the Kauravas and Pandavas. Karna led the Kauravas, but Arjuna and Krishna arrived, causing destruction. Arjuna's arrows filled the sky, striking down cars, elephants, and soldiers. The Kauravas retreated as the sun set, and the Pandavas celebrated their victory.
31 Dhritarashtra lamented Arjuna's victory, praising his prowess. Karna vowed to defeat Arjuna, boasting of his celestial bow and abilities. He requested Shalya as his driver and resources from Duryodhana, who agreed. Karna confidently claimed he could defeat Arjuna, while Dhritarashtra sorrowfully anticipated their downfall.
32 Duryodhana asks Shalya to be Karna's driver in the battle against Arjuna, praising his skills and bravery. Shalya initially refuses, feeling insulted and superior to Karna, but Duryodhana's flattery persuades him to accept the role, allowing him to speak his mind freely in Karna's presence.
33 Duryodhana tells Shalya the story of the gods and Asuras, where the Asuras were granted a boon but eventually destroyed by Sthanu. The gods, led by Indra, sought Sthanu's help and praised him in various forms. Sthanu destroyed the Asuras and their three cities with one shaft.
34 Duryodhana tells Shalya the story of gods vs. Asuras, where Asuras were granted a boon but destroyed by Sthanu. Gods praised Sthanu, who pierced the Asuras' three cities with one shaft. Duryodhana draws parallels with the Pandavas, hoping Shalya will join their side and play a crucial role in their victory.
35 Duryodhana asks Shalya to be Karna's driver, comparing it to Brahman driving Rudra's chariot. Shalya agrees, but says he'll speak freely. Duryodhana praises Karna, saying he's superior to Arjuna. Shalya accepts, but warns he'll criticize Karna if needed. Karna and Duryodhana agree, and Shalya promises to help defeat Arjuna.
36 Duryodhana asks Shalya to be Karna's driver, praising him as superior to Krishna. Shalya agrees and they prepare for battle. Duryodhana encourages Karna to slay Arjuna and Bhimasena, which Drona and Bhishma couldn't do. Shalya warns Karna not to underestimate the Pandavas, but Karna is confident and tells Shalya to proceed.
37 Karna boasts to Shalya about his prowess, saying he fears no one, not even Indra. Shalya derides Karna's bragging, reminding him of Arjuna's feats. Karna, enraged, tells Shalya to proceed, and they head towards the Pandava army. Karna's chariot shines brightly, his standards and weapons glinting in the sunlight.
38 Karna offers rewards to anyone who can show him Arjuna, including wealth, jewels, villages, elephants, and slaves. He promises to give whatever the person desires, even his own family members. The Kaurava troops are filled with joy, but Shalya laughs in scorn at Karna's boasts, showing his skepticism.
39 Shalya tries to dissuade Karna from fighting Arjuna, calling him foolish and destined to die. Karna refuses to listen, relying on his strength. Shalya provokes Karna, comparing him to a child trying to seize the moon or a hare challenging a lion, saying he's no match for Arjuna.
40 Karna, enraged by Shalya's words, defends his merit and boasts of his strength and weapons. He vows to slay Arjuna and Krishna with a deadly shaft and insults Shalya, calling him a fool and a wretch. Karna Vows to fight and die in battle, determined to prove his worth.
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41 Shalya tells Karna a story about a boastful crow who challenged a swan to a flying contest. The swan's steady flight exhausted the crow, teaching him humility. Shalya compares Karna to the crow, warning him against underestimating Arjuna and Krishna, who are like the sun and moon in brilliance.
42 Karna responds to Shalya, boasting of his abilities and vowing to defeat Arjuna despite a curse from Rama that prevents him from remembering a powerful weapon. He recalls another curse from a brahmana, predicting his chariot wheel will sink in battle, causing fear. Karna remains confident, sharing his story as a gesture of friendship.
43 Karna tells Shalya his words are weak and can't intimidate him, even if the gods fought against him. He's only sparing Shalya's life due to their friendship and affection. Karna boasts he can vanquish foes without Shalya's help, warning that injuring a friend is sinful.
44 Shalya and Karna argue, with Shalya boasting he can vanquish foes without Karna's help. Karna recites a brahmana's words, criticizing the Vahikas and Madrakas for their impure practices and lack of virtue, likening Shalya's behavior to theirs. The brahmana's words attack the character and behavior of Shalya's clan.
45 Karna criticizes Shalya and the Vahikas, recounting a brahmana's words about their impure practices. Shalya responds, pointing out the faults of Karna's own people, the Angas, and arguing that virtuous men can be found everywhere. King Duryodhana silences Karna, ending the wordy warfare.
46 Karna and Shalya exchange words before the battle. Karna expresses confidence in defeating Arjuna, while Shalya warns him of Arjuna's prowess. The Pandava army, with Arjuna and Krishna, advances, and the battle rages on with the sound of conchs, drums, and bowstrings. Shalya warns Karna of the Pandava army's might.
47 Dhritarashtra asks Sanjaya to describe the battle. The Pandava army, led by Dhrishtadyumna, is magnificent. Arjuna charges against the samsaptakas, cutting down cars and warriors. The battle is fierce, with both sides suffering losses. Karna fights against the Pandavas, destroying a vast division and afflicting Yudhishthira.
48 Dhritarashtra asks Sanjaya to describe Karna's penetration into the Pandava troops. Karna slew many warriors, and his sons protected him. Bhima slew one of Karna's sons, and the battle raged on. Karna's lightness of hand and weapon power were remarkable, and he afflicted Yudhishthira. The Pandavas and Kurus fought fearlessly.
49 Karna rushes towards Yudhishthira, cutting off weapons and slaying foes. The Pandavas resist, but Karna's prowess is remarkable. Yudhishthira pierces Karna, who falls into a swoon. Recovering, Karna resists with sharp shafts, slaying two princes. The Pandavas flee, and Karna pursues, slaughtering the host.
50 Sanjaya describes the intense battle between Bhima and Karna. Bhima, filled with rage, seeks revenge for past wrongs. The two warriors clash, exchanging blows. Bhima's arrow strikes Karna like a thunderbolt, sending him senseless. Shalya bears Karna away, and Bhima routs the Dhartarashtra host, scattering them like Indra routing the danavas.
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51 Dhritarashtra asks Sanjaya to describe the battle between Bhima and Karna. Bhima defeats Karna, killing his brothers and striking him with arrows. Karna retaliates, but Bhima pierces his armor and body. The battle rages on, with both warriors exchanging blows and displaying their prowess.
52 Sanjaya describes the intense battle to Dhritarashtra. Warriors fight fiercely, elephants and horses clash, and foot-soldiers engage in hand-to-hand combat. The field is covered in blood, body parts, and weapons. Brave warriors fight fearlessly, declaring their names and families. The Kaurava army becomes strengthless, unable to bear up any longer.
53 Arjuna and the samsaptakas clash in an intense battle. Arjuna's bow, Gandiva, shines as he slaughters the enemy. Susharma engages Arjuna but falls to the ground, slain. Arjuna paralyzes the samsaptakas with the Naga weapon, then slaughters them. He emerges victorious, his valor and strength unmatched.
54 The Kuru and Pandava armies clashed in a fierce battle. Shikhandi and Kripa dueled, exchanging arrows and blows. Dhrishtadyumna aided Shikhandi, battling Kritavarma. Yudhishthira's sons fought Drona's son, while Karna resisted Bhimasena. Suketu was slain, and his troops fled. The battle raged on, with both sides determined to win.
55 Ashvatthama showcases his archery skills, covering the sky with arrows. Pandava warriors, including Satyaki and Yudhishthira, are unable to counter his attack. Yudhishthira rebukes Ashvatthama for his actions, questioning his Brahmana heritage. Ashvatthama continues to shower arrows, and Yudhishthira retreats, leaving his division behind.
56 Ashvatthama showcases archery skills, covering the sky with arrows. Pandavas unable to counter, Yudhishthira rebukes him for cruel acts. Ashvatthama continues attack, piercing Satyaki and others. Yudhishthira retreats, leaving division behind. Ashvatthama's prowess unmatched, Pandavas in distress. Intense battle rages, outcome uncertain.
57 Duryodhana rallies his troops, saying this battle is a chance for glory. Ashvatthama vows to kill Dhrishtadyumna or not return from battle. The armies clash, with warriors falling on both sides. Gods and celestial beings watch, showering the warriors with garlands and perfumes. The battle rages on, intense and fierce.
58 Krishna drives Arjuna through the battlefield, pointing out the carnage and bravery of warriors. He notes the contrast between their beauty and death's ugliness, showing Arjuna the fallen bodies, broken weapons, and destroyed chariots. They approach Yudhishthira, seeing kings and warriors fighting around him, including Karna and Bhima.
59 Karna and the Pandavas clash fiercely, with Dhrishtadyumna and Karna engaging in a one-on-one combat. Satyaki joins in, and Karna resists with showers of arrows. Arjuna and Krishna arrive, and Arjuna pierces Ashvatthama with arrows. Ashvatthama, wounded, is borne away, and the Pandavas shout in triumph.
60 Krishna points out Yudhishthira, pursued by Dhartarashtra's mighty bowmen, to Arjuna. Duryodhana and Karna lead the charge, scattering shafts and slaughtering the Pandava army. Bhima and Pancalas rush to Yudhishthira's rescue, routing elephants and steeds. The battle rages, with both sides putting forth their valour.
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61 Dhritarashtra asks Sanjaya to describe the battle. Bhima and Karna clash, with Karna rallying the Kauravas. Pandava warriors fight valiantly, but Karna gains the upper hand. Bhima single-handedly resists the Kaurava army, causing Duryodhana to flee. The Pandava army gains the upper hand, with Bhima slaughtering many.
62 Sanjaya describes the battle to Dhritarashtra. Arjuna arrives, and Duryodhana attacks Yudhishthira, who fights back. Karna checks the Pandava advance, and Sahadeva pierces Duryodhana with arrows. Karna slaughters Yudhishthira's troops, and the two engage in a fierce duel, exchanging arrows and showing their skill.
63 Karna afflicts the Kaikayas, killing 500 warriors. He pursues Yudhishthira, piercing him with arrows. Nakula and Sahadeva protect their brother, but Karna kills their steeds. Shalya advises Karna to conserve strength for Arjuna, but Karna continues to assail Yudhishthira. Shalya urges Karna to rescue Duryodhana from Bhima.
64 Ashvatthama battles Arjuna, baffling his weapons. Arjuna slays Ashvatthama's steeds and cuts off his bow. Ashvatthama invokes the aindra weapon, but Arjuna destroys it. The Pandavas rush against the Dhartarashtra host, causing confusion. Karna invokes the Bhargava weapon, shrouding the Pandava army with arrows, causing destruction.
65 Arjuna, victorious over Drona's son, looks for Yudhishthira and asks Bhima about his whereabouts. Bhima reports Yudhishthira is wounded and may not be alive. Arjuna asks Bhima to check on him, but Bhima refuses, so Arjuna asks Krishna to take him to Yudhishthira. They find him safe and are overjoyed.
66 Yudhishthira welcomes Krishna and Arjuna, rejoicing at Karna's defeat. He recounts Karna's prowess and his own humiliation, grateful for Bhimasena's protection. Yudhishthira asks Arjuna to describe Karna's demise, recalling Karna's boasts and vows. He eagerly seeks news of Karna's death, urging Arjuna to share the details.
67 Arjuna battles Ashvatthama, destroying his arrows and afflicting him with shafts. Ashvatthama flees to Karna's division. Arjuna approaches Yudhishthira, concerned for his safety, and vows to slay Karna and his relatives. He describes the intense battle and seeks Yudhishthira's blessing for victory.
68 Yudhishthira rebukes Arjuna for not killing Karna, feeling betrayed and disappointed. He recalls Arjuna's promise and the heavenly voice that proclaimed his greatness, but now believes these were false hopes. Yudhishthira criticizes Arjuna for fleeing and suggests passing his bow to someone else who can defeat Karna.
69 Krishna intervenes as Arjuna draws his sword to kill Yudhishthira, who suggested he give his bow to someone else. Krishna calms Arjuna down, explaining Yudhishthira's words weren't meant literally. He suggests showing disrespect by addressing Yudhishthira as "thou" instead of "your honour", a symbolic way to keep his vow without harm.
70 Arjuna addresses Yudhishthira harshly, boasting of his strength and accomplishments. He seeks forgiveness and promises to slay Karna. Yudhishthira, filled with sorrow, offers to retire to the woods and let Bhima become king. Krishna intervenes, explaining Arjuna's words were necessary to keep his vow.
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72 Arjuna prepares to face Karna, equipping his chariot and yoking his steeds. Vasudeva praises Arjuna's prowess, warning him not to underestimate Karna, who is mighty, proud, and accomplished. Vasudeva advises Arjuna to slay Karna with care and resolution, describing Karna's strength, speed, and wrath.
73 Sanjaya said to Arjuna, "Today's the 17th day of battle. Karna, the son of a Suta, is determined to vanquish you. He's slaughtering the Pancalas and Srinjayas with his shafts. You must slay him with your keen shafts and fulfill your vow. Remember his harsh words and let your shafts quench his life."
74 Arjuna prepared to fight Karna, saying, "With Krishna's protection, I'll be victorious. Today, I'll slay Karna and bring joy to the Pandavas. My arrows will drink his life-blood and falsify his vow to kill me. The Dhartarashtras will flee in panic after his fall." Arjuna's eyes blazed with anger as he charged into battle.
75 Sanjaya described the battle to Dhritarashtra: "The Pandava army roared like clouds, with elephants as clouds, weapons as water, and diverse weapons as flashes of lightning. Arjuna dispatched many cars, elephants, and horses. Warriors engaged in fierce duels, and the battle raged on, with the Pandavas determined to win."
76 Bhima, surrounded by foes, urged his charioteer to advance. "Bear me into the enemy's midst," he said. Though struck by arrows, Bhima cut them off and began to slaughter the enemy. His charioteer, Visoka, announced Arjuna's arrival, and Bhima was overjoyed, vowing to destroy the enemy.
77 Arjuna and Bhima advanced in battle, their bows and arrows flashing like thunder and fire. Arjuna slew 400 car-warriors, while Bhima careered like the wind, causing a river of blood to flow. Shakuni and Bhima engaged in a fierce duel, but Shakuni fell and was borne away by Duryodhana's steeds.
78 Dhritarashtra asked Sanjaya to describe the battle. Sanjaya recounted how Bhima fought the Kaurava army, and Karna smote the Pandavas with his arrows. Karna's prowess was great, checking the entire Pandava army. The Pandavas fled in fear, and Karna stood alone, like a blazing fire, burning the hostile army.
79 Sanjaya describes the battle to Dhritarashtra, detailing Arjuna's prowess and desire to face Karna. Arjuna vows to defeat Karna, who boasts of his own abilities. The two engage in a fierce duel, their arrows clashing in mid-air. Only one will emerge victorious, determining the fate of the Pandavas and Kauravas.
80 Arjuna rescues Bhima, surrounded by Kuru warriors, with a hail of arrows. The battlefield becomes impassable, covered with fallen warriors and destruction. Arjuna's car cuts through the chaos, leaving a trail of devastation. The Dhartarashtra army breaks, fleeing in terror, like animals from a forest fire.
81 Arjuna fights off 90 car-warriors and a force of Mlecchas on elephants. Bhimasena joins the battle, wielding a mace and slaughtering horses, men, and elephants. The Kauravas flee, but Arjuna pursues, shooting shafts. They take shelter with Karna, who inspires them to fight on, shooting thousands of arrows.
82 Karna destroys the Pancalas with his mighty shafts, killing many warriors. Arjuna and Bhimasena fight back, engaging Karna in a fierce duel. The battle rages on, with both sides suffering losses. The Pandavas rescue their uncles and launch a counterattack, turning the tide of the battle.
83 Bhima battles Duhshasana, fueled by rage and past injustices. He strikes Duhshasana down, quaffs his blood, and kills him. Bhima declares he's fulfilled his vow and will soon slay Duryodhana. With bloody wounds, he shouts triumphantly, striking fear into enemies and joy into allies. His bravery and determination shine.
84 Ten of Dhritarashtra's sons attack Bhima, but Arjuna slays them. Karna's son Vrishasena attacks Nakula, who fights valiantly despite being wounded. Bhima aids Nakula, and together they resist Vrishasena's arrowy showers. Bhima and Arjuna's wrath fuels their attacks, and they advance towards Vrishasena for a final showdown.
85 The Pandavas and Kauravas engage in a fierce battle. Karna's son Vrishasena fights valiantly, but Arjuna slays him with razor-headed arrows. Karna, filled with grief and wrath, rushes against Arjuna's car, determined to avenge his son's death. The two engage in a intense duel, exchanging arrows and blows.
86 Karna and Arjuna engage in an intense battle. Karna's car is adorned with banners and bells, and his bow, Vijaya, is feared by all. Krishna urges Arjuna to be cautious, reminding him of his own prowess and the boons he has received from the gods. Arjuna declares his certainty of victory.
87 Karna and Arjuna engage in a fierce duel, their cars and standards adorned with symbols of their power. The gods watch in wonder, taking sides and cheering them on. The battle rages on, with neither side giving an inch. The outcome is far from certain, with both sides determined to emerge victorious.
88 Sanjaya describes the intense battle between Karna and Arjuna, with gods and celestial beings watching. The sky is filled with music and hymns, and the earth resounds with battle din. The warriors engage in a fierce duel, arrows flying like bees. The battle rages, neither side giving in.
89 Karna and Arjuna engage in fierce battle, gods watch. The sky is filled with music and hymns, earth resounds with battle din. Warriors duel, arrows fly like bees. Karna and Arjuna are evenly matched, skills honed to perfection. Troops flee, celestial trumpets blow, gods praise Arjuna.
90 Karna and Arjuna engage in fierce battle, gods watch from the sky. Arrows fly like bees, troops flee in terror. Drona's son urges Duryodhana to make peace, but he refuses. The battle rages on, evenly matched, with the fate of the Pandavas and Kauravas hanging in the balance.
91 Vasudeva rebukes Karna, "Where was your virtue when Draupadi was humiliated? When Shakuni defeated Yudhishthira? When Bhimasena was poisoned? You didn't return the kingdom to the Pandavas. You set fire to the house of lac and laughed at Krishna." Karna hangs his head in shame, speechless.
92 Shalya advanced, wrathful, as troops were crushed . Duryodhana sorrowed, tears in his eyes. Warriors gathered around fallen Karna, showing joy, fear, or sorrow. Bhima roared and danced, frightening Dhartarashtras. Madras' ruler told Duryodhana, "Thy army's slain, Destiny's against us, don't grieve." Duryodhana, cheerless, sighed in woe.
93 Dhritarashtra asked Sanjaya to describe the Kuru army's state after Karna's fall. Sanjaya described chaos and fear, warriors fleeing and being slaughtered by Pandavas. Duryodhana tried to rally troops, but they fled, ignoring his pleas. Pandavas sensed victory, slaughtering Kauravas in thousands, leaving the battlefield in carnage.
94 Shalya described the battlefield to Duryodhana, painting a vivid picture of chaos and destruction. Karna's body, though slain, looked resplendent, like heated gold. The earth trembled, and the oceans were agitated when he fell. Arjuna and Krishna blew their conchs, filling the earth with sound, and the Kauravas fled.
95 Sanjaya said, "Upon Karna's fall, the Kauravas fled in fear. Hearing of his death, they broke and fled, their leaders trying to withdraw them. Duryodhana, grief-stricken, proceeded to the camp, his heart filled with cheerless thoughts. The Kauravas fled, hopeless of life, kingdom, wives, and wealth."
96 Krishna embraced Arjuna after Karna's death, saying, "Tell king Yudhishthira of your prowess." They went to Yudhishthira's tent, where he lay wounded. Krishna described Karna's death, and Yudhishthira praised them, saying, "By good luck, victory is yours! We will sleep happily tonight." He then saw Karna's body on the battlefield.

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1 Janamejaya asked Vaishampayana about events after Karna's death. Vaishampayana replied that Duryodhana was overcome with grief, but resolved to continue fighting. He made Shalya the generalissimo, but was defeated and fled. Bhimasena slew him, and the remaining Kuru warriors slaughtered the Pandava troops at night.
2 Dhritarashtra lamented, "O Suta, I hear the Pandavas are safe, while my sons have perished. My heart breaks thinking of their childhood and youth. I cherished them dearly, though I never saw them. All is lost. Destiny has taken everything. I shall go into the woods, for that is best for me."
3 Sanjaya said, "After Karna's death, thy sons fled in fear, like shipwrecked merchants without a raft. Partha roared, and they lost their senses, not knowing which direction to flee. Bhimasena slew 25,000 foot-soldiers with his mace. Duryodhana rallied his troops, saying, 'Death in battle is for our good.'"
4 Sanjaya said, "O sire, the battle field was like Rudra's ground. Kripa approached Duryodhana, saying, 'O monarch, listen! Arjuna can't be vanquished, even by gods. Our army is broken, like autumnal clouds. I think peace with Pandavas is for our good. We are now inferior in strength.'"
5 Duryodhana rejects Kripa's advice, saying, "Pandavas won't trust me, Krishna won't forgive me. I've enjoyed sovereignty, can't be a slave. I'll fight righteously, acquire fame, and die gloriously. I owe a debt to brave kings who died for me. I'll pay it off and acquire heaven by fair fight."
6 Ashvatthama, a heroic warrior, recommends Shalya as their generalissimo. Shalya, a mighty-armed king, accepts the role, offering his life and kingdom. Duryodhana solicits him, saying, "Protect us like Skanda protected the gods." Shalya is installed as commander, and the kings cheer, determined to vanquish their foes.
7 Shalya, the valiant monarch, accepts command of the Kaurava army, vowing to vanquish the Pandavas. Duryodhana invests him with sacred water, and the troops cheer. Krishna tells Yudhishthira that Shalya is a formidable warrior, equal to Bhishma or Drona, and only Yudhishthira can slay him.
8 King Duryodhana commands his warriors to arm themselves. The Kauravas, led by Shalya, proceed against the Pandavas, determined to fight together. The Pandavas divide themselves into three bodies and attack. Yudhishthira targets Shalya, Arjuna attacks Kritavarma, and Bhimasena attacks Kripa. The two armies clash, eager for victory.
9 The battle between Kurus and Srinjayas is fierce and intense, like gods vs Asuras. Warriors clash, using bows, arrows, and swords. Elephants fall, and the field is covered with bodies. A river of blood flows, and the brave cross it. Pandavas fight united, routing the Kaurava army.
10 The Madra king, Shalya, rushes towards Yudhishthira, but the Pandavas fight back. Nakula kills Chitrasena and his brothers. The Kaurava army flees, but Shalya rallies them. The Pandavas, led by Yudhishthira and others, fight bravely, surrounding Shalya and causing the Kaurava army to waver. The battle rages on, with both sides suffering losses.
11 The Pandavas and Kauravas engage in a fierce battle. Shalya, the ruler of the Madras, afflicts the Pandavas with his arrows, but they counterattack. Bhima and Shalya engage in a intense duel, wielding maces. Bhima crushes Shalya's steeds and kills his driver, filling Shalya with wonder at his strength.
12 Bhima and Shalya engage in a fierce duel, exchanging blows with their maces. The battle is intense, with sparks and flames flying as they fight. Neither warrior yields, despite being struck with great force. The clash is like thunder, and their limbs are soon covered in blood.
13 Shalya, the ruler of Madras, single-handedly fights the Pandavas, repelling their attacks and piercing them with arrows. His bow is formidable, and his prowess is wonderful. The Pandavas are shrouded with arrows, and their troops begin to waver. Shalya's extreme lightness of hand and vigor in battle fill the gods and Gandharvas with wonder.
14 Arjuna fights the son of Drona and the Trigartas, destroying 2,000 cars. The son of Drona and Arjuna engage in a fierce duel, exchanging arrows and maces. Arjuna kills Suratha and many others, his car moving swiftly and his bow Gandiva shining brightly. The battle is intense and fierce.
15 Duryodhana and Dhrishtadyumna fight fiercely, shooting showers of arrows. Shalya battles the Pandavas, including Satyaki and Vrikodara. Nakula aids Yudhishthira, but Shalya afflicts them with arrows. Satyaki and Shalya engage in a fierce duel, exchanging arrows. The battle is intense, with arrows filling the air and the Earth trembling.
16 Shalya and Yudhishthira engage in a fierce duel, exchanging arrows and showing great prowess. Yudhishthira gains the upper hand, killing Shalya's steeds and drivers. Shalya flees, but Yudhishthira's triumphant roar causes him to return and continue the fight. Yudhishthira emerges victorious, having defeated the mighty Shalya.
17 Yudhishthira and Shalya engage in a fierce duel, exchanging arrows. Yudhishthira gains the upper hand, killing Shalya's steeds and drivers. Shalya flees, but Yudhishthira roars in triumph, causing Shalya to return. Yudhishthira eventually kills Shalya with a dart, leading to the Pandavas' victory and the Kauravas' defeat.
18 After Shalya's death, 1,700 Madraka warriors fought the Pandavas, despite Duryodhana's orders to stop. The Pandavas rallied around Yudhishthira and fought back, ultimately slaughtering the Madrakas. The Kaurava army fled, leaving behind a battlefield littered with bodies and broken cars. The Pandavas emerged victorious, their might unmatched.
19 The Kuru army fled in fear after Shalya's fall, like shipwrecked merchants on the vast deep. The Pandavas pursued, cutting them down with keen shafts. Duryodhana's army was leaderless and frightened, their cries and wails filling the air. The Pandavas, with Dhananjaya and Bhimasena, were invincible, their prowess unmatched.
20 Shalva, the Mleccha king, rode an enormous elephant against the Pandavas, piercing them with shafts. The Pandavas fled, unable to endure the elephant's impetuosity. Dhrishtadyumna rushed against it, striking with his mace, but it crushed his car. Bhima and others checked the elephant, and the Satwata hero beheaded Shalva.
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21 After Salwa's death, the Kuru army broke, but Kritavarma resisted the Pandavas. Satyaki and Kritavarma dueled, exchanging arrows. Satyaki killed Kritavarma's steeds and driver, but Kritavarma refused to yield. Kripa bore him away, while Duryodhana remained, assailing the Pandavas alone, his determination and fury unstoppable.
22 Duryodhana, filled with desperate courage, looked resplendent like Rudra, covering the earth with thousands of arrows. The Pandava army was shrouded, the earth a sea of steel. His prowess was wonderful, but the Pandavas pierced him from every side. The Dhartarashtras rallied, the battle becoming general and awful.
23 Sanjaya described the intense battle to Dhritarashtra. Duryodhana's army rallied and continued to fight the Pandavas. Yudhishthira pierced Saradwat's son with arrows, and Ashvatthama bore away the son of Hridika. Portents appeared, but the Kshatriyas continued to fight, desiring victory. The earth trembled, meteors dropped, and a hurricane blew.
24 Shakuni re-entered the battle with 700 horsemen, urging the Kshatriyas to fight. He encouraged Duryodhana to slay the Pandava car-warriors, saying Yudhishthira could only be conquered by one willing to lay down their life. Arjuna vowed to end the hostilities, criticizing Duryodhana's folly and covetousness.
25 Arjuna's shafts struck the Kaurava army, causing them to flee. Dhrishtadyumna and Shikhandi fought Duryodhana's car-force. Duryodhana retreated on horseback after his steeds and driver were killed. The Pandavas were surrounded by elephants, but Arjuna and Bhimasena destroyed them. The Kauravas were hopeless, and their leaders searched for Duryodhana.
26 Bhimasena destroyed an elephant division, and Duryodhana's sons attacked him. He single-handedly killed many, including Durmarshana, Srutanta, and Srutarvan. The remaining Kuru troops attacked, but Bhimasena slew 500 cars, 700 elephants, 10,000 foot-soldiers, and 800 steeds, accomplishing his objective and filling the Kuru army with terror.
27 Sanjaya told Dhritarashtra that Duryodhana and his son Sudarsa were in the Kaurava cavalry. Krishna urged Arjuna to slay Duryodhana, noting many foes had been slain. Arjuna vowed to slay Duryodhana, win back possessions, and destroy the remaining troops. He, Bhimasena, and Sahadeva prepared to assault Duryodhana's division.
28 Shakuni rushed at Sahadeva, but Sahadeva pierced him with arrows. Bhima and Sahadeva careered in battle, making an immense carnage. Sahadeva recovered from a lance blow and killed Shakuni with a razor-headed arrow. The Pandavas rejoiced, and their troops worshipped Sahadeva, glad that the man of evil course was slain.
29 Duryodhana fled the battlefield, wounded and humiliated. Sanjaya was captured but released by Vyasa. Duryodhana entered a lake, unable to bear his defeat. Sanjaya met Kripa, Ashvatthama, and Kritavarma, who were fleeing. The ladies of the royal household, including Gandhari, fled towards the city, weeping and wailing.
30 Dhritarashtra asked Sanjaya about the Kaurava survivors. Sanjaya said Kritavarma, Kripa, and Ashvatthama found Duryodhana in a lake, where he had fled. Duryodhana refused to fight, despite their urging. Hunters overheard and informed the Pandavas, who arrived at the lake, eager to find and defeat Duryodhana.
31 Yudhishthira and the Pandavas arrived at the lake where Duryodhana was hiding. Yudhishthira said, "Behold, Duryodhana hath applied his power of illusion to these waters!" Vasudeva replied, "Destroy his illusion with your own." Yudhishthira called out to Duryodhana, "Arise and fight, O king, born of a noble race!"
32 Duryodhana emerged from the lake, mace in hand, and challenged the Pandavas to a duel. He vowed to vanquish them and fulfill his debt to the fallen Kshatriyas. Yudhishthira accepted the challenge, offering to grant Duryodhana a boon if he emerged victorious. Duryodhana chose to fight Yudhishthira, armed with his mace.
33 Vasudeva warned Yudhishthira that Duryodhana's mace skills made him a formidable opponent. Bhimasena was confident, vowing to slay Duryodhana and end his reign of terror. Duryodhana was undaunted, ready for battle. The Pandavas cheered Bhimasena on, and the two warriors prepared for combat. Bhimasena declared, "I shall slay Suyodhana today!"
34 Rama arrived as the battle between Bhimasena and Duryodhana began. The Pandavas welcomed him and worshipped him with due rites. Rama expressed his desire to see the encounter, and the two warriors prepared for battle. He took his seat, shining like the moon amidst stars, and the battle commenced.
35 Janamejaya asked Vaishampayana about Rama's return and witnessing the battle. Rama went on a pilgrimage to the Sarasvati River after Krishna's peace mission failed. He visited sacred places, gave away wealth, and came to Kurukshetra. Vaishampayana told the story of Soma's curse and restoration at Prabhasa tirtha.
36 Vaishampayana told Janamejaya the story of Udapana, where ascetic Trita was thrown into a pit by his brothers. Trita performed a mental sacrifice, and the gods relieved him and granted boons. He cursed his brothers to become wolves and other fierce animals. Baladeva bathed at Udapana, gave away wealth, and worshipped Brahmanas.
37 Baladeva visited various tirthas along the Sarasvati River, including Vinasana, Subhumika, Gandharvas' tirtha, Gargasrota, Sankha, Dwaita lake, and Nagadhanwana. He gave away wealth and worshipped Brahmanas. The Sarasvati River changed its course to facilitate Rishis' sacrifices, filling Baladeva with wonder.
38 Janamejaya asked about Sapta-Saraswat and Mankanaka. Vaishampayana explained that seven Sarasvatis appeared at different locations to assist Rishis. Mankanaka, a brahmacari, had a remarkable feat where his vital seed divided into seven parts, born as Maruts. Mahadeva appeared, producing white ashes, and granted Mankanaka's wishes.
39 Baladeva worshipped at Usanas, where Rama's razor-headed shaft slew a Rakshasa, freeing Mahodara from the head stuck to his thigh. He then went to Rushangu's asylum, where Arshtish ena and Vishvamitra underwent penances. The tirtha granted wishes and was home to many Munis and Brahmanas.
40 Janamejaya asked about Arshtishena, Sindhudwipa, Devapi, and Vishvamitra. Vaishampayana told their stories: Arshtishena performed penances to master the Vedas, Sindhudwipa and Devapi acquired Brahmanhood, and Vishvamitra, a Kshatriya king, became a Brahmana through austerities, gaining the boon from Brahma after defeating his army.
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41 Vaishampayana said, "The delighter of the Yadus went to Vaka's asylum, where Vaka had poured Dhritarashtra's kingdom as a libation, wasting it away. The king sought forgiveness, and Vaka freed his kingdom. Rama then went to Yayata's tirtha, where Yayati had performed a sacrifice and gone to heaven."
42 Janamejaya asked about Vasishthapavaha's rapid current. Vaishampayana explained that Vishvamitra and Vasishtha's rivalry led to a curse. Sarasvati, afraid of a curse, bore Vasishtha away, praising her as the source of wisdom. Cursed by Vishvamitra, Sarasvati flowed with blood for a year, then returned to normal.
43 Cursed by Vishvamitra, Sarasvati flowed with blood, attracting Rakshasas. Rishis freed her, creating Aruna, where Rakshasas bathed and went to heaven. Indra, tainted with Brahmanicide, bathed in Aruna, becoming cleansed. Baladeva bathed there too, obtaining merit, then went to Soma's tirtha, where Skanda slew Taraka.
44 Janamejaya asked Vaishampayana about Skanda's investiture. Skanda was born from Maheshvara's seed, cast into Ganga by Agni. The six Krittikas found him and each claimed him. Skanda assumed four forms, approaching Rudra, Uma, Ganga, and Agni. The Grandsire granted him the status of celestial generalissimo.
45 Vaishampayana said, "The gods invested Kartikeya as their generalissimo. Brihaspati performed the ceremony, and Himavat gave a gemstone seat. The gods gave companions: Yama, Surya, Ansa, Vasava, Vishnu, and others. They had diverse faces, arms, and weapons, and danced around Kartikeya, shouting 'Victory to Skanda!'"
46 Vaishampayana said, "The mothers, slayers of foes, followed Kartikeya. They had diverse forms, long nails and teeth, and were decked with ornaments. They partook of the nature of Yama, Rudra, and others. At the chief of the celestials' command, they followed Kartikeya to destroy the daityas and protect heaven."
47 Janamejaya asked Vaishampayana about Varuna's installation as Lord of waters. Celestials, led by Indra, asked Varuna to protect rivers and oceans, and he agreed. Varuna was installed according to scriptures and protected waters as Indra protected gods. Agni disappeared due to Bhrigu's curse and was later discovered by gods.
48 Vaishampayana told Janamejaya about Sruvavati, a maiden who practiced austerities to win Indra's heart. Indra, disguised as Vasishtha, tested her devotion by asking her to boil jujubes, which she did, even burning her limbs. Impressed, Indra revealed himself and granted her wish to live with him in heaven.
49 Baladeva visited Indra's tirtha, where Shakra performed 100 horse sacrifices. He bathed, gave wealth to Brahmanas, and worshipped them. Next, he went to Rama-tirtha, where Rama performed Vajapeya and horse sacrifices. Then, he visited Yamuna-tirtha, where Varuna performed Rajasuya, and Aditya-tirtha, where Surya obtained sovereignty.
50 Asita-Devala, a virtuous Rishi, lived in a tirtha, leading a pure life. Jaigishavya, a great ascetic, came to his asylum, and Devala worshipped him. Devala was impressed by Jaigishavya's power and resolved to adopt the religion of Moksha, abandoning Domesticity. He obtained great success and Yoga.
51 Vaishampayana said, "Bala proceeded to Sarasvata's tirtha, where a great battle was fought. During a 12-year drought, Sarasvata taught Vedas to many brahmanas. Dadhica's vital seed fell into the Sarasvati, and the river brought forth the child, granting him a boon and naming him Sarasvata."
52 Janamejaya asked about the maiden's penances. Vaishampayana replied that she was created by Kuni-Garga and practiced severe penances, refusing marriage until Narada advised her to find a husband. She offered half her penances to Sringavat, who accepted, and they spent one night together before she departed for heaven.
53 The Rishis told Rama that Samantapanchaka is Brahman's northern altar, where heaven's denizens performed a great sacrifice. Kuru cultivated the field, now Kurukshetra, to help those who die there reach heaven. Shakra granted a boon, sanctioning the spot's sacredness, where sins are cleansed and blessings obtained.
54 Baladeva visited a hermitage where Vishnu and a maiden had performed penances. He entered, performed rites, and ascended a mountain, beholding a sacred tirtha and bathing in the Sarasvati. Narada told him about the Kurus' fate and the upcoming battle between Bhima and Duryodhana, which he decided to witness.
55 Dhritarashtra asked Sanjaya about the battle between Bhima and Duryodhana. Rama arrived, and Yudhishthira honored him. The two warriors, evenly matched, approached each other with uplifted maces. Their wrath and passion were palpable, like two infuriated elephants. The kings watched in suspense as the battle raged on.
56 Bhima and Duryodhana engaged in a fierce verbal battle, recalling past woes and insults. Bhima vowed to avenge himself, while Duryodhana showed no fear. The kings applauded, excited for the fight. The two warriors rushed to clash, their weapons blazing, as the Pandavas sought victory and an end to their suffering.
57 Bhima and Duryodhana fought fiercely, their maces producing loud sounds like thunderbolts. The battle was terrible, making the hair stand on end. The two warriors, equal in strength, careered in circles, their maces flashing in the sunlight. The spectators watched in wonder, their hearts filled with excitement and fear.
58 Vasudeva said, "Bhima and Duryodhana have equal instruction, but Bhima has greater might. If he fights fairly, he won't win, but if he fights unfairly, he will slay Duryodhana." Bhima vowed to break Duryodhana's thighs with his mace. Arjuna struck his thigh, and Bhima understood the sign to fight with deception.
59 Bhima said, "Bear the fruit of insulting Draupadi!" He touched Duryodhana's head with his foot, saying, "We have no guile, only our arms!" Yudhishthira said, "Cease, Bhima! He's a king and kinsman, ruined and pitied. His fate is due to his own acts, not ours." Yudhishthira lamented their miserable existence.
60 Baladeva was enraged by Bhima's unfair strike on Duryodhana, calling it a violation of mace combat rules. Krishna calmed him, citing their friendship with the Pandavas and Bhima's vow. Baladeva praised Duryodhana's righteousness and departed. Yudhishthira justified Bhima's actions, citing past cruelties and his wrath.
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61 Dhritarashtra asked Sanjaya about the Pandavas' reaction to Duryodhana's fall. They celebrated, praising Bhima's feat. Krishna cautioned against cruel speeches, saying Duryodhana was already slain. Duryodhana accused Krishna of unfair means, listing instances of deceit. Krishna replied that Duryodhana's sinful path led to his downfall.
62 The Pandavas celebrated their victory, blowing conchs and entering Duryodhana's empty tent. Krishna directed Arjuna to dismount and unstring his bow, and the car was consumed by fire. Krishna credited their success to his protection, and they obtained the military chest and wealth. Vasudeva suggested they spend the night outside the camp.
63 Yudhishthira sent Krishna to Gandhari after the battle, fearing her wrath. He praised Krishna's aid and asked him to comfort Gandhari, knowing her power and grief. Krishna consoled them, explaining the outcome was due to their actions, and warned against ill feelings towards the Pandavas.
64 Duryodhana lamented his fate, struck down unfairly by Bhimasena. He remembered past glories and great warriors who fought for him. He instructed Sanjaya to tell his parents of his sacrifices, governance, and honor. Duryodhana considered himself fortunate to die in battle, warning others not to trust the Pandavas.
65 Ashvatthama, Kripa, and Kritavarma found Duryodhana on the ground, covered in blood and dust. Ashvatthama lamented, "Thou, who ruled the earth, now liest here!" Duryodhana consoled him, "Death comes to all. I'm content I didn't show cowardice. Don't grieve, dear friend." He installed Ashvatthama as generalissimo and blessed him.
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1 Dhritarashtra lamented Duryodhana's fall. Ashvatthama, Kripa, and Kritavarma fled, filled with grief and anger. Ashvatthama saw an owl slaughter crows, inspiring him to seek revenge. He resolved to slay the Pandavas in their sleep, using guile. Kripa and Kritavarma were ashamed but silent. Ashvatthama vowed to avenge Duryodhana's death.
2 Kripa said, "Destiny and exertion govern men's actions. Success comes from their union. Exertion without destiny is fruitless, and destiny without exertion is unproductive. Let us seek guidance from Dhritarashtra, Gandhari, and Vidura. We should follow their wisdom to find a way out of this calamity."
3 Ashvatthama, overwhelmed with sorrow, formed a wicked resolution. He vowed to avenge his father's death by attacking the Pandavas and Pancalas while they slept. He would use his kshatriya skills to slay them all, including Dhrishtadyumna, and bring himself peace.
4 Kripa urged Ashvatthama to rest before seeking vengeance, promising to accompany him into battle alongside Kritavarma. Ashvatthama, consumed by rage and grief, couldn't sleep, his heart filled with thoughts of avenging his father's death. He vowed to cause a slaughter among the Pandavas and then rest without anxiety.
5 Kripa advised Ashvatthama to control his passions and wait, but Ashvatthama was determined to avenge his father's death. He noted the Pandavas had already broken rules of righteousness and was resolute in his decision, despite Kripa and Kritavarma's attempts to reason with him.
6 Ashvatthama approached the camp gate, where a terrifying being guarded the entrance. He attacked with various weapons, but the being devoured them all. Realizing his mistake, Ashvatthama felt overwhelmed by calamity and sought the protection of Lord Mahadeva, acknowledging that human effort is never more powerful than destiny.
7 Ashvatthama prayed to Lord Mahadeva, offering himself as a victim. A golden altar appeared, and a blazing fire engulfed it. Mahadeva's companions emerged, playing drums and horns, and dancing. Mahadeva accepted Ashvatthama's devotion, giving him a polished sword and filling him with energy and strength.
8 Ashvatthama prayed to Lord Mahadeva, offering himself as a victim. A golden altar appeared, and Mahadeva's companions emerged, playing drums and horns. Mahadeva accepted Ashvatthama's devotion, giving him a polished sword and filling him with energy. He entered Ashvatthama's body, making him a formidable force.
9 Duryodhana lay struck down, surrounded by Ashvatthama, Kripa, and Kritavarma. He learned of Ashvatthama's vengeance and praised him, saying he accomplished what others couldn't. With his final breath, Duryodhana gave up his life-breath and ascended to heaven, leaving the survivors to mourn and come to terms with the war's devastating consequences.
10 The driver of Dhrishtadyumna's car brought news to Yudhishthira of the slaughter during the night. Yudhishthira fell, overcome with grief, and was embraced by his supporters. He lamented, "Alas, we have been vanquished after victory! Our sons, who escaped Karna, were slain through heedlessness." He wept, surrounded by his followers.
11 King Yudhishthira was consumed by grief upon seeing his slain sons and friends. Draupadi, distraught and grief-stricken, vowed to stay in praya until Ashvatthama was slain. Bhimasena, determined to avenge their death, set out to slay Ashvatthama, mounting his golden car and taking his bow and arrow.
12 Krishna told Yudhishthira that Bhimasena had gone to battle Ashvatthama, who possessed the powerful brahmashira weapon. Ashvatthama had tried to obtain Krishna's discus, but failed and left Dvaraka, filled with anger. Krishna warned that Ashvatthama was a danger to the Pandavas, especially Vrikodara.
13 Krishna mounted his car, adorned with gold and gems, and yoked with steeds of the Kamboja breed. Arjuna and Yudhishthira joined him. They caught up with Bhimasena, who was rushing towards Ashvatthama. Ashvatthama converted a blade of grass into a celestial weapon, uttering "For the destruction of the Pandavas".
14 Krishna told Arjuna to use the celestial weapon taught by Drona. Arjuna shot it, neutralizing Ashvatthama's weapon. The sky was filled with noise, and the earth trembled. Narada and Vyasa appeared, rebuking the heroes for their rashness. The rishis stood between the weapons, neutralizing their energy and restoring peace.
15 Arjuna withdrew his celestial weapon, joining his hands in respect to the rishis. He feared Drona's son would consume them if he withdrew it. Vyasa rebuked Drona's son, saying Arjuna used the weapon to baffle his, not for destruction. Drona's son threw the weapon into the Pandava women's wombs.
16 Krishna said to Drona's son, "A son will be born to Arjuna's daughter-in-law, Parikshit." Drona's son replied, "My weapon will kill the fetus." Krishna said, "The fetus will live, and you will wander the earth for 3,000 years, alone and afflicted." Ashvatthama gave his gem to the Pandavas and went to the forest.
17 King Yudhishthira asked Krishna how Ashvatthama could slaughter their warriors. Krishna replied that Ashvatthama sought Mahadeva's aid, which made his weapon irresistible. Mahadeva is the beginning, middle, and end of all creatures and can bestow immortality. Rudra's anger was not appeased, and his power enabled Ashvatthama's victory.
18 The gods prepared for a sacrifice, but didn't assign a share to Rudra. Feeling disrespected, Sthanu constructed a bow and destroyed the sacrifice. Mahadeva's wrath caused the earth to shake, and the gods fled in terror. They sought his protection, offering him a share of the libations, and he restored order.
19 King Dhritarashtra grieved over the loss of his sons, but Sanjaya consoled him, saying, "Cast off your grief, O monarch! You didn't follow wise counsel, and your son's wickedness led to this end. Don't grieve, use your intelligence to bear this sorrow." Vidura also offered words of comfort.
20 Vidura consoled King Dhritarashtra, saying, "Why grieve? Everything ends in destruction; life ends in death. Battle is not bootless; heroes slain win heaven. Time is indifferent; all are dragged by Time. Wisdom can kill mental grief. One obtains the fruit of their acts; good brings happiness, sinful brings woe."
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21 Gandhari lamented, "Karna lies slain! He was a blazing fire in battle, now extinguished. His wives wail around him, their voices piercing the sky. He was a great warrior, now sleeping on the ground, drenched in blood. His preceptor's curse pursued him, and now he's gone!"
22 Gandhari lamented, "The lord of Avanti lies slain! Vultures feed on his body. His wives cry, their faces once radiant now pale. Bahlika, a mighty bowman, lies slain, his face still bright. Jayadratha, once protected, now lies dead, a victim of fate. My daughter Duhshala searches for his head."
23 Gandhari lamented, "Shalya, my brother, lies dead, his face eaten by crows. Bhagadatta, king of mountains, lies dead, his golden garland shining. Bhishma and Drona, mighty warriors, lie dead, their bodies mangled. I grieve for them, their death a great sorrow. The earth is bereft of its heroes."
24 Gandhari lamented, "Somadatta's son lies dead, pecked by birds! His wife mourns, 'You don't see this carnage, your son slain, daughters-in-law widowed.' Bhurishrava's wives lament, 'This arm used to invade women's girdles, now it's still!' They censure Arjuna, 'How could you strike off his arm?' Shakuni lies slain, his illusions burnt."
25 Gandhari lamented, "Somadatta's son lies dead, pecked by birds! Bhurishrava's wives mourn, 'This arm used to invade women's girdles, now still!' They censure Arjuna, 'How could you strike off his arm?' The mother of Bhurishrava grieves, 'Your son, who performed sacrifices, lies dead.' Shakuni lies slain, illusions burnt.
26 The holy one said to Gandhari, "Arise, don't grieve! Your son Duryodhana was wicked and arrogant. Many have died due to his actions." Yudhishthira reported 1 billion 660 million and 20,000 men had fallen, with 240,165 escaping. He described their fates, attaining regions like Indra's or lower realms.
27 Kunti, grief-stricken, revealed to her sons that Karna was their eldest brother, born of her and the god of day. Yudhishthira lamented, "The grief I feel at Karna's death is a hundred times greater than that of Abhimanyu's or the sons of Draupadi." He offered oblations of water to Karna.
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1 Yudhishthira lamented to Narada, "I'm consumed by grief for Karna, my uterine brother, born to Kunti in secret. We didn't know him, but he knew us. Slain by Arjuna, I regret not knowing him sooner. I'm tortured by his death and long to understand the past."
2 Narada told the story of Karna, believed to be a Suta's son. Envious of the Pandavas, Karna sought the Brahma weapon from Drona but was refused. He acquired weapons from Rama, claiming to be a Brahmana. A Brahmana's curse doomed him to defeat by Arjuna, his rival.
3 Narada said, "Rama taught Karna the Brahma weapon, but when a worm bit Karna's thigh, he endured the pain to avoid awakening Rama. Rama discovered the truth and rebuked Karna, saying, 'You're not a Brahmana, but a Kshatriya. You deceived me, so the Brahma weapon won't stay with you.'"
4 Narada said, "Karna and Duryodhana attended the Kalinga princess's self-choice, where many kings gathered. Duryodhana abducted her by force, and Karna followed, fending off pursuing kings with his arrows. He vanquished them all, and Duryodhana returned to his city with the maiden, protected by Karna's prowess."
5 Narada said, "King Jarasandha challenged Karna to combat, and they fought fiercely, exhausting their weapons. Impressed, Jarasandha gave Karna the town of Malini. Later, deceived by Indra, Karna was slain by Arjuna. Though defeated, Karna was a hero, a warrior of great strength and courage, whose legacy should be celebrated."
6 Kunti consoled Yudhishthira, who was grieving over Karna's death. She revealed that she and Surya had tried to tell Karna of his true identity, but he refused to listen. Yudhishthira cursed women, saying they would never be able to keep secrets, and lamented the what-ifs of the past.
7 Yudhishthira grieved for Karna, lamenting the destruction that had occurred. He renounced the world, seeking redemption for the lives lost. He blamed Duryodhana's wickedness and covetousness for the downfall. Consumed by grief and repentance, Yudhishthira sought a life of asceticism and truth, wishing to escape the world's ties.
8 Arjuna spoke, "Oh, king, after winning the earth, why abandon it? Poverty is for recluses, not kings. Wealth brings religious acts, pleasures, and heaven. Without wealth, one has neither this world nor the next. You have a duty to perform a great sacrifice, or the kingdom's sins will be yours."
9 Yudhishthira said, "Arjuna, I shall abandon worldly pleasures and tread the path of the righteous. I shall perform penances, wander in the forest, and live on fruit and roots. I shall endure hardships, restrain my senses, and turn my gaze inwards. I shall break the bonds of desire and wander over the earth."
10 Bhimasena said, "Your renunciation, O king, is unnecessary. We defeated our enemies and should govern the earth. Renunciation is for the weak, not Kshatriyas. We should live a life of action and prowess, not hypocrisy. Let us follow our natural order and perform our duties."
11 Arjuna said, "Some ascetics abandoned their homes, thinking it was virtuous. Indra, as a golden bird, told them they were mistaken. He praised living on remnants of sacrifices and the domestic mode of life. The ascetics realized their error and took up a life of duty and service, performing sacrifices and penances."
12 Nakula said, "The gods depend on action, and the Pitris support life through rain. Domesticity is superior, and a true renouncer gives away wealth and restrains their soul. Acts done from vanity are unproductive, while those from renunciation bear fruit. Perform sacrifices, give to Brahmanas, and protect your subjects, O king."
13 Sahadeva said, "Casting off external objects is not enough; mental attachments must also go. Let our foes have merit from external renunciation, but internal covetousness. Look upon all creatures as thy own self and escape the fear of destruction. Forgive my incoherent utterances, O king, and guide me on the path of righteousness."
14 Draupadi: "O Yudhishthira, why are you depressed? You acquired the earth through might, defeated strong enemies, and promised your brothers victory and happiness. Don't abandon the earth and invite danger. Protect your subjects, adore the gods, fight your foes, and make gifts to Brahmanas. Arise, O king, and enjoy the earth!"
15 Arjuna: "The rod of chastisement governs and protects. Without it, people sink into darkness and hell. Chastisement inspires fear, observes rules, and restrains. It's the root of everything, upholding heaven and earth. Slaying foes and protecting friends isn't a sin. Follow ancient customs, practise righteousness, and perform sacrifices."
16 Bhimasena: "O monarch, thy faculties are stupefied, endangering everything. Recollect past woes like Krishna's humiliation and our expulsion. Conquer thy mind's foe and govern thy kingdom. Perform the horse-sacrifice and ascend to the throne. We are thy servants, O son of Pritha, as is Vasudeva of great energy."
17 Yudhishthira: "Coveting sovereignty stems from discontent, attachment, and folly. Seek tranquility and happiness by conquering desire and grief. Renunciation is key to permanent good. Kings seeking earthly possessions can never be content. Renounce desires, practice penances, and attain beatitude."
18 Arjuna: "King Janaka's spouse asked, 'Why abandon your kingdom for a handful of barley? You supported thousands, now you beg. You have neither this world nor the next. Rule the Earth if you wish to show grace. Charity is the sure support of the pious. The giver of food is the giver of life.'"
19 Yudhishthira: "I know the Vedas and scriptures. You, Arjuna, excel in weapons, not scripture. Renunciation and Brahma knowledge are superior to wealth. Righteous men study and practice asceticism. Yoga leads to salvation. Learned men often misinterpret scriptures, failing to find truth. Renunciation brings happiness."
20 Devasthana said, "Phalguna believes wealth is supreme, but I disagree. Four Vedic modes of life indicate performing great sacrifices with profuse presents. Even ascetics act. Giving wealth to the undeserving incurs sin. Sacrifice is key to happiness, and wealth is the means. Apply everything to sacrifice."
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21 Devasthana said, "Vrihaspati told Indra that contentment is the highest heaven. One who conquers desires and fears beholds their soul. Not injuring any creature is the best religion. A Kshatriya who follows royal duties, restrains their soul, and is compassionate, obtains excellent fruits in this world and the next."
22 Arjuna asked Yudhishthira, "Why grieve, O king, when you've obtained sovereignty and conquered foes? Death in battle is meritorious for Kshatriyas. Cast off cheerlessness and engage in action. Perform sacrifices and charity like Indra, who battled his kinsfolk and obtained chiefship of the gods."
23 Vyasa told Yudhishthira, "Arjuna's words are true. Domestic duties are essential. Support the gods, ancestors, guests, and servants. Kshatriyas must wield the rod of chastisement and rule their subjects. King Sudyumna obtained success by doing so. Do not grieve, and listen to your brother's words."
24 Vaisampayana said, "Krishna-Dwaipayana told Yudhishthira to rule like Yayati, perform sacrifices, and protect subjects, especially Brahmanas and the virtuous. He told the story of Hayagriva, a heroic king who defeated foes, performed sacrifices, and won heaven, achieving freedom from sin and a life worthy of praise."
25 Vaisampayana said, "Vyasa told Yudhishthira that Time is the means of acquisition, and everything happens in its time. He advised Yudhishthira not to grieve, as grief increases with indulgence. A king's duty is to govern with intelligence, perform sacrifices, and protect his kingdom, leading to happiness in heaven."
26 Vaisampayana said, "Yudhishthira told Arjuna that wealth isn't the only path to happiness and heaven. Many have succeeded through sacrifice, Vedic study, and penances. Contentment is key, and wealth should be used for sacrifices, not desires. True happiness comes from knowledge and virtue, not wealth."
27 Yudhishthira lamented, "I'm consumed by grief and guilt for slaying my kin. I'm a covetous sinner, exterminator of my own race. I deceived Drona and caused Karna's demise. I'll fast unto death, unfit to live." Vyasa intervened, "It's destiny. Labour leads to happiness, idleness to misery. You must work."
28 Vyasa cited Asma's discourse, "Joys and griefs attach to a man's body, robbing him of reason. Decrepitude and death devour all creatures. Happiness and misery arise from destiny. Union with dear ones is transitory. Men of knowledge behold the next world. The world sinks on the ocean of Time, few understand."
29 Vyasa said, "Asma's discourse teaches, joys and griefs attach, robbing reason. Decrepitude and death devour all, happiness and misery arise from destiny. Union with dear ones is transitory, like travelers at an inn. Men of knowledge behold the next world, but few understand."
30 Yudhishthira asked about Suvarnashthivin, Srinjaya's son. Krishna replied, "Narada and Parvata, two Rishis, cursed each other in rage. Narada became an ape and Parvata couldn't go to heaven. Later, they freed each other, showing the power of forgiveness. Sukumari, Narada's wife, devoted herself to him despite his appearance."
31 Narada told Yudhishthira about King Srinjaya's son, Suvarnashthivin, who was born with golden excreta. Indra feared humiliation and sent a tiger to kill the prince, but Narada revived him. Suvarnashthivin ruled for 1100 years, performed great sacrifices, and left behind many sons, multiplying the race.
32 Vyasa tells Yudhishthira, a king's duty is to protect subjects, and penances are a duty for Brahmanas. Yudhishthira grieves over causing deaths for the kingdom, but Vyasa says the Supreme Being or Destiny may be responsible, not him. He advises Yudhishthira to follow scriptures and perform expiatory acts.
33 Yudhishthira feels guilty for causing deaths in the war. Vyasa consoles him, saying Time is responsible, not him. He reminds Yudhishthira of his Kshatriya duties and the law of change. Vyasa advises him to perform expiatory rites and rule the earth with kindness, citing the gods' example.
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35 Yudhishthira asks Vyasa about acts requiring expiation. Vyasa lists sinful acts like killing a Brahmana or violating a vow, and notes some may be justified in certain circumstances. Expiation can be made through ceremonies, libations, or gifts. Vyasa emphasizes understanding dharma's nuances and following the Vedas.
36 Vyasa tells Yudhishthira that sins can be washed away through penances, religious rites, and gifts. Expiations include subsisting on one meal a day, mendicancy, and giving away wealth. Women can be cleansed through regulated life and chaturmasya vow. Vyasa encourages righteous acts and expiation for sin.
37 Yudhishthira asks Vyasa about clean food, worthy gift recipients, and study. Vyasa cites Manu's discourse, listing virtues like self-refusal and abstention from injury. Manu advises against eating certain foods and accepting gifts from unworthy individuals, emphasizing the importance of making conscious choices for spiritual growth and liberation.
38 Yudhishthira seeks guidance from Vyasa on duties and morality. Vyasa directs him to Bhishma, but Yudhishthira is hesitant due to his role in Bhishma's death. Vasudeva encourages him to seek Bhishma's counsel, and Yudhishthira agrees. He enters the city, offering worship, and prepares to approach Bhishma for guidance.
39 Yudhishthira enters the city, greeted by citizens and ladies praising the Pandavas. He worships household gods and is blessed by Brahmanas, gifting them sweets, gems, and gold. A Rakshasa, Charvaka, disguised as a Brahmana, speaks ill of Yudhishthira, but is slain by the Brahmanas' spiritual energy.
40 Janardana addresses Yudhishthira, saying Brahmanas are gods on earth, easy to gratify but capable of inflicting pain with their speech. He tells the story of Charvaka, a Rakshasa who received a boon from Brahman but was destroyed by the curse of Brahmanas after insulting them.
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41 Yudhishthira took his seat on a golden throne, with Satyaki and Vasudeva opposite him. Bhima and Arjuna sat on either side, while Pritha, Sahadeva, and Nakula sat on a white ivory throne. Dhaumya constructed an altar and began the coronation ceremony, pouring libations and sanctified water upon Yudhishthira's head.
42 King Yudhishthira replied, "We're favored that you describe us so highly. Our duty is to serve King Dhritarashtra, our father and god. I request you to show him the same obedience as before." He appointed his brothers to various positions, utilizing their skills and strengths, and commanded Vidura and Yuyutsu to attend to Dhritarashtra's wishes.
43 King Yudhishthira performed Sraddha rites for his kinsmen, giving wealth and gems to Brahmanas for their benefit. He honored Dhritarashtra, Gandhari, and Vidura, and protected the ladies who lost their husbands and sons. Showing kindness to the destitute, he gave food, clothes, and shelter, and enjoyed great happiness.
44 King Yudhishthira addressed Krishna, "Through your grace, I regained my kingdom. You are the One Being, refuge of all worshippers, and soul of the Universe. You are Vishnu, Jishnu, Hari, Krishna, and the foremost being. Salutations to you, wielder of Sarnga, discus, and sword!" Krishna was pleased with the hymn.
45 King Yudhishthira dismissed his subjects and comforted his brothers, who were fatigued and grief-stricken. He assigned them magnificent palaces, adorned with gems and gold, and teeming with attendants and beautiful women. After a restful night, they presented themselves before the king, their hearts full of joy and gratitude.
46 Janamejaya asked Vaisampayana to narrate Yudhishthira's actions after regaining his kingdom. Vaisampayana described Yudhishthira's benevolent reign, appointing men to their duties and rewarding priests, servants, and guests. He honored Vidura and respected Dhritarashtra and Gandhari, restoring peace. Yudhishthira then approached Krishna, expressing gratitude for his grace.
47 Yudhishthira asked Krishna, in meditation, about his abstraction. Krishna praised Bhishma's prowess and knowledge, saying he was a favorite disciple of Rama and a receptacle of sciences. Krishna urged Yudhishthira to approach Bhishma and ask about morality and duty, as Bhishma's departure would take all knowledge with him.
48 Janamejaya asked how Bhishma cast off his body. Vaisampayana replied that Bhishma, surrounded by Brahmanas, thought of Krishna and hymned his praise. He sought Krishna's refuge, calling him the universal Soul and Lord of all creatures. Bhishma praised Krishna's various forms and attributes, and sought his protection.
49 Krishna and Yudhishthira proceeded to Kurukshetra, a field covered with hair, bones, and human skulls. Krishna pointed out the five lakes of Rama, where Rama offered oblations to his ancestors. Yudhishthira expressed doubts about Rama exterminating Kshatriyas and asked Krishna to explain how the order was revived.
50 Vasudeva told Yudhishthira about Rama's birth and energy. Rama, born to Jamadagni and Satyavati, was predicted to slay Kshatriyas. He exterminated them, including Arjuna, and filled the earth with blood. Kasyapa then installed new kings from surviving Kshatriya races, restoring peace to the earth.
51 Vasudeva and Yudhishthira approached Bhishma, who lay on his bed of arrows. Vasudeva praised Bhishma's prowess and devotion, saying he was equal to the gods. Bhishma saluted Vasudeva, acknowledging his divine attributes. Vasudeva displayed his celestial form, predicting Bhishma had 56 days left to live.
52 Bhishma, filled with joy, addressed Krishna, saying, "How can I speak in your presence? My mind is clouded, body weak from wounds." Krishna granted a boon, freeing Bhishma from discomfort and pain. Celestial visions and hymns followed, with a peaceful and auspicious atmosphere.
53 Krishna meditated on Brahma, performed ablutions, and kindled a fire. He gave away kine to Brahmanas and asked Satyaki to check if Yudhishthira was ready to visit Bhishma. The Pandavas proceeded to Krishna's abode, then to Bhishma, who lay on his bed of arrows, surrounded by Rishis.
54 Janamejaya asked Vaisampayana about Bhishma's conversation with the Pandavas. Narada encouraged them to ask Bhishma about morality and religion. Krishna approached Bhishma, who said he was comfortable and clear-headed, thanks to Krishna's grace. Bhishma was ready to discourse on duties and practices, and the kings gathered around to listen.
55 Bhishma offered to discourse on duty, praising Yudhishthira's virtues. Vasudeva noted Yudhishthira's hesitation due to shame and fear of Bhishma's curse. Bhishma said a Kshatriya's duty is to fight in battle, even against sinful preceptors or relatives. Yudhishthira approached Bhishma, who greeted him affectionately and encouraged him to ask questions.
56 Yudhishthira bowed to Hrishikesa and Bhishma, seeking guidance on kingly duties. Bhishma agreed, emphasizing the importance of prompt exertion, truth, and self-restraint. He advised Yudhishthira to be like a mother to his subjects, firm but not too mild, and to avoid attachment to evil practices. Bhishma then discoursed on kingly duties in detail.
57 Yudhishthira sought guidance from Bhishma on kingly duties and morality. Bhishma emphasized prompt exertion, truth, and self-restraint. He advised being like a mother to subjects, firm but not too mild. Bhishma discoursed on kingly duties, covering governance, administration, and behavior, stressing the importance of morality and truth.
58 Bhishma said, "Protection of subjects is a king's most important duty." He advised Yudhishthira to employ spies, give just dues, and be heroic, truthful, and skilled. A king without exertion is like a snake without poison. Bhishma praised protection and readiness for exertion as key kingly duties.
59 Bhishma advises Yudhishthira on kingly duties, stressing readiness, exertion, and cleverness. A king should employ spies, be heroic and truthful, and repair and store what's necessary. Morality, profit, and pleasure depend on a king's duties. Yudhishthira should act righteously, using crookedness when needed, to earn merit and become a just king.
60 Yudhishthira asked Bhishma about the duties of the four orders. Bhishma said, "Common duties include suppressing wrath and being truthful. Brahmanas should study Vedas and perform sacrifices. Kshatriyas should protect and engage in battle. Vaisyas should acquire wealth fairly. Sudras should serve and live a life of devotion."
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61 Bhishma describes four modes of life: Vanaprastha (woodland life), Bhaikshya (wandering almsman), Garhasthya (householder), and Brahmacharya (student). Each has its duties: Vanaprastha involves woods and scripture study; Bhaikshya means wandering and alms; Garhasthya involves Vedas, family, and pleasures; Brahmacharya requires vows, sense control, and service to a preceptor.
62 Yudhishthira asked Bhishma about auspicious duties. Bhishma replied that Brahmanas should focus on their own duties, not those of other orders, lest they incur censure and hell. He advised Yudhishthira to prioritize Vedic study and follow the path of righteousness, leading to happiness and prosperity.
63 Bhishma advises Yudhishthira on Brahmana duties, emphasizing Vedic studies and self-restraint. He explains the importance of kingly duties, which produce great rewards and encompass all learning and behavior. If kingly duties are abandoned, all other duties are lost, and the Vedas and religious acts are destroyed.
64 Bhishma tells Yudhishthira that kingly duties encompass all others, and are essential for the protection of all creatures. He recounts King Mandhatri's story, where Indra praises his devotion and explains that kingly duties are the source of all others, and are righteous and lead to eternal emancipation.
65 Indra tells Mandhatri that kingly duties are essential, including protecting subjects, reclaiming land, and performing sacrifices. He stresses the importance of Brahmanas following their duties and Kshatriyas ensuring all orders observe their duties. Robber tribes should serve seniors, kings, and Brahmanas, and practice virtues like non-injury and truth.
66 Bhishma explains to Yudhishthira that a king who rules with justice, makes gifts, and displays compassion attains the objects of the four modes of life. A king's duties include protecting the kingdom, honouring the righteous, and bestowing favours and punishments. By protecting all creatures, a king earns great merit.
67 Bhishma explains to Yudhishthira that electing a king is the first duty of a kingdom, as anarchy leads to weakness and suffering. The king should be worshiped like Indra and given necessary resources to maintain order and prosperity. Humility before the king is essential, like disciples before their preceptors.
68 Yudhishthira asks why Brahmanas consider a king a god. Bhishma explains that the king's duties are the root of all men's duties, bringing peace and checking disregard for wholesome restraints. Without a king, people would devour each other. The king is a high divinity, delighter of the people, and protector of men.
69 Yudhishthira asks Bhishma about a king's duties. Bhishma advises: subdue yourself, then your foes; employ wise spies; make peace if advantageous; protect your kingdom with righteousness; take a sixth of subjects' income; look upon subjects as children; be wise, charitable, and devoted to sacrifices.
70 Yudhishthira asks about virtuous conduct for a king. Bhishma lists 36 virtues, including kindness, faith, bravery, and humility. A king should acquire wealth without cruelty, punish wisely, and protect his wives. He should be pure, clever, and comforting, and wait for the proper time to act.
71 Yudhishthira asks Bhishma how to protect his subjects righteously. Bhishma advises worshiping learned Brahmanas, being sincere and wise, and filling his treasury with just tributes. A king should protect his subjects without oppression, display compassion, and rule with judicious means to reap fruit from his kingdom.
72 Bhishma tells Yudhishthira to appoint a priest who protects the good and punishes the wicked. Matariswan explains that Brahmanas are born from Brahman's mouth to keep Vedas and scriptures. The king should give land to a learned Brahmana, who guides him with wisdom and humility, sharing in his merit.
73 Bhishma advises Yudhishthira to appoint a learned priest, as king and priest need each other. Kasyapa explains that Brahmanas and Kshatriyas are interconnected and protect each other. When they work together, they flourish, but contention leads to chaos and the appearance of Rudra, the god of vengeance.
74 Bhishma tells Yudhishthira that a king's strength comes from his priest. He shares the story of King Muchukunda, who tested his strength against Lord Vaisravana. Muchukunda explains that Brahmanas and Kshatriyas have a common origin and should work together, with Brahmanas providing spiritual power and Kshatriyas providing military might.
75 Yudhishthira asks Bhishma about a king's conduct that leads to prosperity and felicity. Bhishma advises liberalness, sacrifices, protection, and honor for righteous persons. A king should be courageous, truthful, and compassionate, protecting subjects like a cloud or tree shelters birds. He earns merit and should follow ancestors' conduct.
76 Yudhishthira asks Bhishma about Brahmanas who follow their duties and those who don't. Bhishma explains that virtuous Brahmanas are equal to Brahma, while those who are not devoted to their duties are like Sudras. He advises the king to realize tribute from and impress into public service those who are not devoted.
77 Yudhishthira asks Bhishma about the king's role in protecting subjects and wealth. Bhishma explains the king is lord of wealth except for observant Brahmanas. He cites the king of Kaikeyas, who protected Brahmanas and was righteous, and advises Yudhishthira to follow this example to prosper and gain heaven.
78 Yudhishthira asks Bhishma about Brahmanas supporting themselves through Vaisya duties. Bhishma advises that a Brahmana can do so in distress, but should avoid selling certain articles like wine and animals. He also says Brahmanas can take up arms to protect themselves and their Vedas without incurring sin.
79 Yudhishthira asks Bhishma about ideal priests for sacrifices. Bhishma lists qualities like knowledge, loyalty, truthfulness, and harmlessness. He emphasizes Dakshina's importance, saying a sacrifice without it cannot lead to salvation. Soma is also essential, but shouldn't be sold for personal gain. Penances like non-violence and truthfulness are also valued.
80 Yudhishthira asks Bhishma about a king's minister. Bhishma advises caution, noting people's minds can change. He suggests accomplishing important tasks personally and identifying true friends who share prosperity and distress. A trusted counselor should have intelligence, memory, and good qualities. Be cautious of kinsmen, who can be jealous of each other's success.
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81 Yudhishthira asks Bhishma how to win over friends and foes. Bhishma shares a story of Vasudeva and Narada, where Narada advises Vasudeva to use soft words, forgiveness, and mildness to correct his kinsmen's tongues. Vasudeva is encouraged to lead and advance his race with intelligence and liberality.
82 Bhishma tells Yudhishthira about the sage Kalakavrikshiya, who exposed corrupt officers in King Kshemadarsin's kingdom. The sage, with a crow, revealed misdeeds and embezzlement. He advised the king to strike against corrupt officers one by one, and with his guidance, the king conquered the earth and acquired great fame.
83 Yudhishthira asks Bhishma about the characteristics of a king's officials. Bhishma advises: legislators should be modest and truthful; ministers of war should be courageous and learned; courtiers should be of high descent and devoted; generals should be wise and devoted; and counselors should be wise, truthful, and forgiving.
84 Bhishma shares a conversation between Vrihaspati and Sakra, where Sakra asks how to become beloved by all. Vrihaspati advises that agreeable speech is key, bringing happiness and love. He suggests using kind words even when punishing, as it makes it more palatable. Bhishma encourages Yudhishthira to follow this advice.
85 Yudhishthira asks Bhishma how a king can gain great blessedness and eternal fame. Bhishma advises a king to conduct himself righteously, protect his subjects, and appoint worthy ministers. Ministers should be learned, strong, wealthy, humble, and knowledgeable. Justice should be administered impartially, and punishments meted out fittingly.
86 Yudhishthira asks Bhishma about the ideal capital city. Bhishma advises a strong citadel, abundant resources, and a loyal population. The city should be well-defended, with walls, a trench, and a strong army. The king should collect wealth, establish justice, and honor learned men, priests, and ascetics.
87 Bhishma advises Yudhishthira on consolidating and protecting a kingdom. He recommends a hierarchical administration, virtuous ministers, fair taxation, and compassion for subjects. The king should "milk his kingdom" like a cow, taking only what's necessary, and protect the productive class, enhancing their powers to strengthen the kingdom.
88 Bhishma advises Yudhishthira on king-craft. A king should protect and benefit his subjects, "milking" the kingdom like a bee gathering honey. He should impose taxes gradually, check disorders, promote righteousness, and encourage agriculture and trade. The king should be truthful, sincere, and non-violent, consolidating his kingdom with wisdom.
89 Bhishma advises Yudhishthira on king-craft, emphasizing protecting Brahmanas and supporting them with resources. He highlights importance of agriculture, trade, and Vedic knowledge. The king should protect subjects, subdue foes, and worship deities. Self-reflection and seeking approbation from people are essential for a king's success.
90 Bhishma recites Utathya's words to Mandhatri, emphasizing righteousness as a king's foundation. Righteousness protects the world; its neglect leads to decay. The king should uphold Dharma, gratify Brahmanas, and avoid pride and unrighteousness, lest he suffer ruin like Vali, who lost the goddess of prosperity due to his malice.
91 Utathya advises Mandhatri that a king's righteousness is crucial for his subjects' prosperity. The king should protect the weak, uphold social duties, and punish the wicked. Unrighteousness brings destruction, while virtue and truth bring prosperity and a heavenly abode. Mandhatri follows this advice and becomes a great king.
92 Yudhishthira asks Bhishma about righteous kingship. Bhishma cites Vamadeva's advice to King Vasumanas, emphasizing righteousness, seeking counsel, controlling senses, and cultivating intelligence. Vamadeva warns against illiberality, rashness, and ignorance, and stresses honoring others, making gifts, and reflecting on actions. Following these principles brings virtue, wealth, and prosperity.
93 Vamadeva advises the king to rule righteously, follow scriptures, display power, and do good without being solicited. He should cherish devoted servants, appoint able ministers, and protect subjects. The king should be cautious of neighbors, defend forts, administer justice, and consult with ministers to enlarge dominions and protect the kingdom.
94 Vamadeva advises the king to win victories without battles and only seek new acquisitions when power is consolidated. A king's power is confirmed when subjects are loyal and wealthy. A king should be compassionate, efficient, and protective, and control their temper to have no enemies and achieve victory.
95 Yudhishthira asks Bhishma about battle conduct. Bhishma advises fair means, no fighting unarmed opponents, and not striking the disabled or frightened. Treat wounded opponents and use fair weapons. Manu says battles should be fair. Righteous means lead to victory, not sin and destruction.
96 Bhishma advises Yudhishthira on righteous conduct in war and victory. A king should not subjugate by unrighteous means, and should treat vanquished foes with respect and kindness. Wealth and maidens acquired by force should be given away or returned. Righteous conduct leads to true victory and prosperity.
97 Yudhishthira asks how kings can win regions of felicity despite sinful acts in battle. Bhishma explains that kings can become pure through sacrifices, gifts, and penances. Heroes who fight bravely and die in battle earn a glorious death, attaining a high merit and a place in Indra's heaven.
98 Yudhishthira asks Bhishma about heroes who die in battle. Bhishma recounts Indra's explanation to Amvarisha: battle is a great sacrifice, with elephants and steeds as priests, and flesh and blood as offerings. Brave warriors who die in battle earn regions of felicity like Indra's, while cowards who flee sink into hell.
99 Bhishma tells the story of King Janaka, who showed his warriors the rewards of heaven for brave fighters and the punishments of hell for cowards. He urged them to fight fearlessly, saying that laying down one's life in battle is the door to heaven. Heroes deserve respect and protect all.
100 Yudhishthira asks Bhishma how to lead troops to battle. Bhishma advises using wisdom, deceit, and courage. Move troops in spring or autumn, with abundance of water and grass. Use auspicious positions, reward brave warriors, and arrange the army strategically. Use spies and scouts to gather information and form the array called Suchimukha.
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103 Narada tells the story of Karna and Rama, son of Jamadagni. Rama teaches Karna the Brahma weapon, but later discovers Karna's true identity as a Suta. Rama curses Karna, saying the weapon won't stay in his memory in battle, and no Kshatriya will be his equal.
104 Narada tells the story of Karna and Duryodhana's adventure at the princess of Kalinga's self-choice ceremony. Duryodhana, rejected by the princess, abducts her with Karna's help. Karna defeats the pursuing kings, breaking their bows and arrows, and Duryodhana returns triumphant with the princess.
105 Karna and Jarasandha, king of Magadha, fought a fierce battle, exhausting their weapons and engaging in hand-to-hand combat. Impressed by Karna's valor, Jarasandha surrendered and offered him the town of Malini. Karna became famous, but was later tricked and cursed, leading to his defeat by Arjuna.
106 Kunti consoled Yudhishthira, revealing her past attempts to unite Karna with his brothers. Yudhishthira, grief-stricken, cursed all women, saying, "No woman shall keep a secret henceforth." He was overwhelmed with despair, remembering his lost loved ones. Kunti's secrecy had contributed to his sorrow.
107 Yudhishthira grieved for Karna, lamenting their rivalry and the pursuit of power. He criticized the Kshatriya code, longing to renounce the world and seek redemption. Yudhishthira wished to abandon everything and seek a path of knowledge, escaping the cycle of birth and death.
108 Arjuna rebuked Yudhishthira for considering mendicancy, citing their Kshatriya duties and prosperity. He emphasized wealth and power, citing gods and royal sages who acquired wealth through conquest and sacrifice. Arjuna urged Yudhishthira to embrace his role and perform a great sacrifice to cleanse and sanctify their subjects.
109 Yudhishthira renounces worldly life, seeking eternal happiness and liberation. He'll live in the forest, performing penances, and emaciating his body. He'll endure hardships, live on fruits and roots, and behave equally towards all creatures. He seeks freedom from desire and attachment, and a permanent, eternal place.
110 Bhimasena rebuked Yudhishthira, saying renunciation was unsuitable for a Kshatriya. He argued that their enemies were slain to protect their kingdom, and now Yudhishthira should govern. Bhimasena criticized renunciation as idle, citing examples of failed goals. He urged Yudhishthira to embrace his role and responsibilities, saying success comes from action.
111 Arjuna recounted an ancient story where Indra, as a golden bird, advised young Brahmanas to abandon renunciation and embrace domestic life. He praised the merits of sacrifices, serving others, and fulfilling duties. The bird encouraged them to return home, attain heaven, and live a virtuous life.
112 Nakula advised Yudhishthira to embrace domestic life, perform sacrifices, and fulfill Kshatriya duties. True renunciation lies in casting off attachments, not just abandoning home. He urged Yudhishthira to subjugate the world, give protection and charity, and make presents to Brahmanas to avoid sin and ensure a place in higher regions.
113 Sahadeva said, "Casting off external objects isn't enough; mental attachments must also go. Let enemies have merit from external renunciation, but internal coveting. Friends should govern the earth with internal detachment. Brahma and death enter every soul, causing action. Adopt the righteous path and drive away doubts about the soul's immortality."
114 Draupadi asks Yudhishthira why he's depressed, reminding him of his previous encouragement to fight and win the earth. She cites his duties as a king, including restraining the wicked and cherishing the honest. She urges him to enjoy the earth, acquired through might, and not abandon it, inviting adversity.
115 Arjuna tells Yudhishthira that the rod of chastisement is righteousness, protecting both righteousness and profit. It's a king's duty to wield it, as it's the foundation of all things. Without it, the world would be in darkness and chaos. Even Brahmanas can be chastised with words. Chastisement maintains order.
116 Bhimasena urges Yudhishthira to assume sovereignty and overcome grief. He reminds Yudhishthira of their family's past woes, including Draupadi's humiliation and their exile. Bhimasena encourages Yudhishthira to conquer his mental foes and perform the horse-sacrifice to solidify his sovereignty. He offers his support and that of Vasudeva.
117 Yudhishthira advises Bhima to renounce desires and earthly goods, citing the example of sages who attained beatitude through penances. He notes that desires are insatiable and true happiness lies in renunciation. Yudhishthira quotes Janaka, who saw his treasures as immense yet nonexistent, and encourages Bhima to cultivate understanding and knowledge.
118 Arjuna recounts King Janaka's story, whose wife pleaded with him to reconsider his decision to abandon the kingdom for a life of mendicancy. She argued that his resolve was inconsistent and that he was abandoning his duties. Arjuna uses this story to encourage Yudhishthira to reconsider his own decision and rule with virtue and charity.
119 Yudhishthira tells Arjuna that he knows the truth of the scriptures, but Arjuna's understanding is limited. He explains that renunciation is superior to wealth and that righteous men devote themselves to ascetic penances and study. Yudhishthira encourages Arjuna to seek true happiness through renunciation and knowledge, not wealth.
120 Devasthana, a great ascetic, tells Yudhishthira that Arjuna's view on wealth is incomplete. He explains that the Vedas indicate four modes of life and that sacrifice is essential. Devasthana cites examples of Indra, Mahadeva, King Marutta, and King Harischandra, who achieved greatness through sacrifices and wealth.
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121 Devasthana cites Vrihaspati, who says contentment is the highest heaven and bliss. Creatures obtain fruits according to their religion. Non-injury, truthfulness, justice, compassion, and self-restraint are considered the best religion. A Kshatriya who follows royal duties and is compassionate will attain a high end, as many celestial beings and kings have done.
122 Arjuna asks Yudhishthira why he grieves despite gaining sovereignty. He reminds him that Kshatriyas should die in battle, not perform sacrifices. Arjuna cites Indra, who battled kinsfolk to become chief of gods. He encourages Yudhishthira to perform sacrifices, free himself from grief, and not resist destiny.
123 Vyasa tells Yudhishthira to practice domestic duties, supporting gods, ancestors, and guests. He lists Kshatriya duties, including sacrifice, learning, and wielding the rod of chastisement, citing King Sudyumna's success. Vyasa tells the story of Likhita, punished for eating fruits without permission, and encourages Yudhishthira to follow his duties.
124 Krishna-Dwaipayana advises Yudhishthira to rule like Yayati, enjoy happiness, and perform sacrifices. He tells him to protect subjects, follow scriptures, and punish foes. He cites King Hayagriva's example, who fought bravely, protected his kingdom, and performed sacrifices, achieving fame and bliss in heaven.
125 Vyasa tells Yudhishthira that Time is the means of acquisition, not individual acts. He uses natural phenomena to illustrate Time's power. Vyasa advises abandoning both happiness and sorrow, as they are fleeting. He quotes King Senajit, saying one should strive for eternal happiness by abandoning both.
126 Yudhishthira tells Arjuna that wealth isn't the only means to happiness and heaven. He cites sages who achieved bliss through penance and Vedic study. Contentment is key, and wealth should be used for sacrifices, not desires. He cautions against giving to undeserving people and encourages discrimination in charity.
127 Yudhishthira grieves for fallen warriors, feeling guilty for their deaths and his desire for kingdom. He remembers Bhishma's fall and his deceit against Drona. Overwhelmed by remorse, Yudhishthira resolves to atone through fasting, but Vyasa intervenes, counseling that all things are subject to destiny and encouraging him to find a path forward.
128 Vyasa tells Yudhishthira the story of Asma's discourse to King Janaka, advising him to behave wisely and apply remedies for sorrow. Asma says joys and griefs are inevitable, and one should enjoy or bear them without attachment. Vyasa encourages Yudhishthira to cast off grief and enjoy the earth he has won.
129 Yudhishthira grieves for his fallen kin. Krishna consoles him, highlighting that the warriors attained a noble end and reached heaven. He recounts stories of ancient kings who, despite their greatness, faced death, emphasizing the inevitability of mortality and the importance of fulfilling one’s duty without attachment.
130 Yudhishthira asks Krishna about Suvarnashthivin's story. Two Rishis, Narada and Parvata, had a compact to disclose their wishes. Narada fell in love with Sukumari, but Parvata cursed him to become an ape. Narada retaliated, cursing Parvata to not go to heaven. The curses were later lifted, and Narada married Sukumari.
131 Narada tells Yudhishthira about Suvarnashthivin, a child born with golden excreta. King Srinjaya's wish was granted by Parvata, but Indra sent a tiger to kill the child. Narada revived him, and Suvarnashthivin ruled for 1100 years, performing sacrifices and gratifying gods and ancestors. Narada advises Yudhishthira to bear his kingdom's burden.
132 Vyasa advises Yudhishthira to follow his duty as a king and protect his subjects. Yudhishthira expresses guilt over causing deaths, but Vyasa questions whether the Supreme Being or man is responsible. He encourages Yudhishthira to adhere to his duties and perform expiatory acts for past mistakes.
133 Yudhishthira grieves over the war's devastation, feeling guilty for the deaths. Vyasa consoles him, saying Time and individual actions caused the deaths, not Yudhishthira. He suggests a Horse-sacrifice to expiate sins and rule with kindness and justice, following the gods' path.
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135 Yudhishthira asks Vyasa about acts requiring expiation and how to be freed from sin. Vyasa lists sinful acts, including killing a Brahmana and speaking ill of others, but notes exceptions like self-defense and following a preceptor's advice. He explains that certain acts don't lead to sin and offers to provide further guidance.
136 Vyasa tells Yudhishthira that sins can be washed away through penances, rites, and gifts. Expiatory rites include subsisting on one meal a day and giving away wealth. Women can be cleansed through regulated life and menstrual course. Vyasa advises Yudhishthira to perform expiation and follow righteous behavior for redemption.
137 Yudhishthira asks Vyasa about clean food, worthy gift recipients, and study. Vyasa recounts Manu's discourse, listing cleansing acts and virtuous characteristics. Manu advises expiation for acts done in wrath and warns against gifts to unworthy recipients, emphasizing Vedic study and penance for spiritual growth.
138 Yudhishthira asks Vyasa about royal duties and morality. Vyasa directs him to Bhishma, who is knowledgeable about duties and morality. Yudhishthira is hesitant due to guilt over Bhishma's death. Krishna and others encourage him to seek Bhishma's counsel. Yudhishthira enters the city, worshiping gods and Brahmanas, and is greeted by citizens.
139 Yudhishthira enters the city, greeted by citizens and praised by ladies. He worships household gods and is blessed by Brahmanas. A disguised Rakshasa, Charvaka, criticizes him, but is recognized and slain by the Brahmanas. With peace restored, Yudhishthira is grateful for their support and blessings.
140 Janardana tells Yudhishthira that Brahmanas are gods on earth, easy to gratify but capable of inflicting pain with their speech. He shares the story of Charvaka, a Rakshasa who received a boon but was slain by Brahmanas' curse for insulting them. Janardana encourages Yudhishthira to focus on his duties and not grieve.
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141 Yudhishthira, freed from grief, took his seat on a golden throne, surrounded by his brothers and nobles. The priest Dhaumya began the coronation rite, pouring libations and sanctified water upon Yudhishthira's head. The Brahmanas uttered benedictions, praising him, and Yudhishthira accepted gifts from the subjects.
142 King Yudhishthira replied to his subjects, "Our duty is to serve King Dhritarashtra, our father and god." He appointed his brothers to various positions and tasked Vidura and Yuyutsu with carrying out Dhritarashtra's wishes. Yudhishthira was a just and fair ruler, beloved by his subjects, and his kingdom prospered.
143 King Yudhishthira performed Sraddha rites for his kinsmen, giving wealth and gems to Brahmanas for their benefit. He honored Dhritarashtra, Gandhari, and Vidura, and showed kindness to the destitute, blind, and helpless. Yudhishthira ruled with virtue and compassion, bringing happiness and prosperity to his kingdom.
144 King Yudhishthira addressed Krishna, "Through your grace, I regained my kingdom. You are the One Being, refuge of all worshippers, and soul of the Universe. You are Vishnu, Jishnu, Hari, Krishna, and Vaikuntha. Salutations to you, wielder of Sarnga, discus, and sword!" Krishna was pleased with the hymn.
145 King Yudhishthira comforted his fatigued brothers, saying, "Rest and enjoy this victory." Bhima got Duryodhana's palace, Arjuna got Dussasana's, Nakula got Durmarshana's, and Sahadeva got Durmukha's. They feasted and rested, then met Yudhishthira again, their hearts full of joy.
146 Janamejaya asked Vaisampayana about Yudhishthira and Krishna's actions after regaining the kingdom. Yudhishthira appointed each order to their duties, gave generously, and honored his priest and preceptor. He approached Krishna, who sat radiantly on a golden sofa, and asked if all was well, crediting Krishna's grace for their victory.
147 Yudhishthira asked Krishna, in meditation, about his abstraction. Krishna praised Bhishma's prowess and knowledge, saying he was a receptacle of sciences and Rama's favorite disciple. He urged Yudhishthira to approach Bhishma and question him about morality and duty before his passing.
148 Janamejaya asked how Bhishma, on a bed of arrows, cast off his body. Vaisampayana replied that Bhishma, with concentrated attention, caused his soul to enter his soul. He thought of Krishna, hymned his praise, and sought refuge in him. Bhishma praised Krishna as the supreme lord and creator.
149 Vaisampayana said, "Hrishikesa, Yudhishthira, and others proceeded to Kurukshetra, a field covered with hair, marrow, bones, and human skulls. Kesava spoke of Jamadagni's son and the five lakes of Rama, where Rama offered oblations to his ancestors. Yudhishthira asked Krishna to explain how the Kshatriya order was exterminated and revived.
150 Vasudeva told Yudhishthira about Rama's energy and powers. Rama, Jamadagni's son, avenged his father's death and vowed to free the earth of Kshatriyas. He slaughtered thousands, making the earth miry with blood. Kasyapa accepted the earth and installed concealed Kshatriyas as kings, whose progeny are the current Kshatriya races.
151 King Yudhishthira marveled at Rama's feats, comparing them to Sakra's. Bhishma, on his bed of arrows, was approached by Krishna, who asked about his perceptions. Bhishma, devoted to righteousness, saluted Krishna, the origin and dissolution of all worlds. Krishna displayed his celestial form to Bhishma, who would soon obtain a blissful end.
152 Bhishma, filled with joy, spoke to Krishna, "I'm unable to speak due to my arrow-wounds." Krishna replied, "Receive this boon: discomfort, stupefaction, and pain shall not overcome you. Your perceptions and memory shall be unclouded." The great Rishis adored Krishna with hymns, and a celestial shower of flowers fell.
153 Krishna awoke, meditated on Brahma, and was praised by sweet-voiced persons. He performed ablutions, kindled a fire, and gave away kine to Brahmanas. Satyaki went to Yudhishthira, who said, "Let's proceed without soldiers." The Pandavas mounted their cars and approached Bhishma, lying on his bed of arrows, surrounded by Rishis.
154 Janamejaya asked Vaisampayana about Bhishma's conversation with the Pandavas. Narada encouraged them to ask Bhishma about morality and religion. Krishna approached Bhishma and asked if he was comfortable and if his understanding was clear. Bhishma replied that he was free from pain and ready to discourse on duties and practices.
155 Bhishma said, "I shall discourse on duty. Let Yudhishthira question me." He described Yudhishthira as a royal sage with a virtuous soul, intelligent and righteous. Vasudeva said, "Yudhishthira is fearful of your curse." Bhishma replied, "A Kshatriya's duty is to fight in battle, even against preceptors if sinful."
156 Yudhishthira asked Bhishma about kingly duties, citing their importance. Bhishma agreed, emphasizing the need for prompt exertion, truth, self-control, and compassion. He warned against being too forgiving and advised the king to be like a mother to his subjects, seeking their good and avoiding excessive mildness.
157 Bhishma advises Yudhishthira on kingly duties: act decisively, wage war when needed, and maintain justice. Emphasizing virtues like truth, wisdom, and secrecy, he highlights examples of just rulers. Kings should protect subjects, choose capable ministers, and ensure prosperity. Wise leadership and protection are essential for a righteous king.
158 Bhishma said, "Protection of subjects is a king's most important duty." He advised employing spies, giving just dues, and being heroic, truthful, and skilled. A king should be ready to exert himself, as exertion is the root of kingly duties. He should act righteously, but also use crookedness when necessary.
159 Bhishma explains to Yudhishthira that kingship arose to maintain order when virtue declined. The king, endowed with divine authority, commands obedience and ensures justice. Prithu, the first king, leveled the earth and promoted prosperity. A king's conduct should be guided by wisdom, opportunities, and means to protect and govern effectively.
160 Vaisampayana said, "Yudhishthira asked Bhishma about the duties of the four orders. Bhishma listed nine general duties and described special duties for each order: Brahmanas should study Vedas and perform sacrifices; Kshatriyas should protect and engage in battle; Vaisyas should trade and protect animals; Sudras should serve and perform minor sacrifices."
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161 Bhishma described four modes of life and their duties: Vanaprastha (retiring to woods), Bhaikshya (wandering and begging), Garhasthya (studying Vedas, begetting children, and enjoying pleasures), and Brahmacharya (studying Vedas, observing vows, and serving one's preceptor). He emphasized truth, simplicity, and worship of guests, and quoted a verse by Narayana.
162 Yudhishthira asked Bhishma about auspicious duties. Bhishma said the four modes of life are for Brahmanas, while Kshatriyas have their own duties. He criticized Brahmanas who engage in improper pursuits, saying they incur censure and go to hell. He emphasized the importance of Vedic study and following one's duties.
163 Bhishma told Yudhishthira that a Brahmana should avoid improper pursuits and lead a domestic life, performing six Vedic acts. He emphasized self-restraint, purity, and simplicity, noting that those who fall away from duties become equal to Sudras. Bhishma stressed kingly duties as foremost, depending on which all other duties exist.
164 Bhishma told Yudhishthira that kingly duties encompass all others, and if disturbed, all creatures suffer. He recounted King Mandhatri's story, who sought Vishnu's guidance on kingly duties. Indra praised Mandhatri's devotion and explained that kingly duties are foremost, protecting all creatures and leading to eternal emancipation.
165 Indra tells Mandhatri that Kshatriya duties are foremost, including all others. Kings should reclaim land, perform sacrifices, and protect subjects. Abandonment, especially in battle, is key. Kshatriyas should lead a domestic life, be impartial, and protect all. Other tribes should serve elders, kings, and Brahmanas, and perform Vedic duties.
166 Bhishma explains to Yudhishthira that a king who rules with justice, makes gifts, and protects all creatures attains the objects of the four modes of life. A king who adheres to his duties earns the merits of all modes of life, which are eternal and have been practised by great men since ancient times.
167 Yudhishthira asks Bhishma about a kingdom's duties. Bhishma explains that electing and crowning a king is the first duty, as anarchy leads to suffering. Manu, the first king, was appointed after people assembled to avoid anarchy, and he protected and set them on their duties, becoming irresistible.
168 Yudhishthira asks why Brahmanas consider the king a god. Bhishma explains that the king maintains social order, protects the weak, and upholds justice. Without a king, chaos ensues. The king deserves worship and obedience, and his duties are essential for society's survival. Disregarding the king's authority leads to destruction.
169 Yudhishthira asks Bhishma about a king's duties. Bhishma advises self-control, protecting the kingdom, inspiring confidence, and wise use of spies. A king should be virtuous, charitable, and knowledgeable about the Vedas. He should avoid war, protect subjects like children, and regulate chastisement to attain happiness in heaven.
170 Yudhishthira asks about virtues for a king. Bhishma lists 36, including kindness, faith, courage, and generosity. A king should rule without wrath, acquire wealth without cruelty, and be liberal, but not to the unobserving. He should protect his wives, be pure, and seek prosperity without pride.
171 Yudhishthira asks how a king should protect his subjects. Bhishma advises worshiping learned Brahmanas, being sincere and wise, and protecting subjects from want. A king should fill his treasury justly, protect Brahmanas, and rule with compassion. He should imitate the flower-man, not the charcoal-maker, and earn fame and merit in heaven.
172 Bhishma tells Yudhishthira to appoint a priest who protects and punishes. Matariswan explains that Brahmanas are lords of all creatures, created from Brahman's mouth. Kshatriyas rule in their absence. A king should give land to virtuous Brahmanas and seek their counsel, sharing in their merit and upholding dharma.
173 Bhishma advises Yudhishthira to appoint a learned priest, citing the importance of the Brahmana-Kshatriya relationship. Kasyapa explains that their collaboration brings prosperity, while contention leads to ruin. He advises avoiding sinful connections and performing good deeds to achieve purity and stainlessness, using analogies like wood and fire.
174 Bhishma tells Yudhishthira that a king's strength rests on his priest. He shares the story of King Muchukunda, who defeated Vaisravana's Rakshasas with his priest Vasishtha's help. Muchukunda asserts that Brahmanas and Kshatriyas must work together, and Vaisravana is impressed by his devotion to duty.
175 Yudhishthira asks Bhishma about a king's conduct. Bhishma advises: be liberal, perform sacrifices, protect subjects, and be righteous. Protect Brahmana wealth and be courageous. Yudhishthira's heart is too mild, and Bhishma encourages him to follow his ancestors' conduct and rule with courage and compassion.
176 Yudhishthira asks Bhishma about Brahmanas' duties. Bhishma explains that learned and virtuous Brahmanas are equal to Brahma, while those who don't follow their duties are like Sudras. He advises the king to impress into public service those who don't follow their duties, excluding the virtuous ones.
177 Yudhishthira asks Bhishma about the king's role. Bhishma explains the king is lord of everyone's wealth except Brahmanas who follow their duties. The king of Kaikeyas recounts how his righteous behavior protected him from a Rakshasa. Bhishma advises Yudhishthira to protect Brahmanas and maintain order.
178 Yudhishthira asks Bhishma if a Brahmana can support himself by practicing Vaisya duties. Bhishma says yes, if the Brahmana loses his means. Bhishma lists articles that should not be sold, including wines and animals, to avoid sin. He advises seeking power through Brahmanas' strength in times of distress.
179 Yudhishthira asks about qualities of priests in sacrifices. Bhishma lists knowledge, loyalty, friendliness, truthfulness, simplicity, and self-restraint. Dakshina is vital in sacrifices, but even small offerings made with devotion are efficacious. Good character is essential, and penances involve non-violence, truth, and compassion, not just physical emaciation.
180 Yudhishthira asks about a king's minister. Bhishma says a king has four kinds of friends: same object, devoted, relatives, and those won over by gifts. Be cautious, trust and mistrust everyone. True friends feel joy at prosperity and misery at decay. Appoint able ministers and honor kinsmen with caution.
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181 Yudhishthira asks how to win over friends and foes. Bhishma cites Vasudeva's story, who feels helpless between factions. Narada advises Vasudeva to use soft words, forgiveness, and mildness to correct his kinsmen. Wisdom and accomplishments can bring peace and happiness. Vasudeva must act to prevent destruction.
182 Bhishma tells Yudhishthira to protect those who advance his interests. Sage Kalakavrikshiya exposed corrupt officers in King Kshemadarsin's kingdom, accusing them of embezzlement. The officers united and killed his crow, but the sage sought the king's protection and advised him to strike against them cautiously.
183 Yudhishthira asks Bhishma about the characteristics of a king's advisors. Bhishma advises that legislators should be modest and truthful, ministers of war should be courageous, and counsellors should be wise and forgiving. The king should consult with devoted, wise, and courageous ministers and keep his counsels secret.
184 Bhishma tells Yudhishthira that Vrihaspati advised Sakra to use agreeable speech to win hearts. Sweet words can bring happiness, love, and reconciliation, even in difficult situations. A king should use sweet words when punishing or taking something away. Sakra followed this advice and became beloved. Yudhishthira should do the same.
185 Yudhishthira asks Bhishma how a king can achieve great blessedness and fame. Bhishma advises a king to conduct himself righteously, protect his subjects, and appoint worthy ministers. He should administer justice fairly, punish offenders, and cherish good men. The king should be cautious and not trust anyone too readily.
186 Yudhishthira asks Bhishma about the ideal city for a king. Bhishma advises a strong citadel, abundant resources, and a loyal population. The king should protect his people, fill his treasury, and establish justice. He should also honor ascetics, use spies, and protect the helpless.
187 Yudhishthira asks Bhishma how to consolidate and protect a kingdom. Bhishma advises a well-organized administration, fair taxation, and protection of the people, especially the Vaisyas. He should be a just and fair king, beloved by his subjects, and surround himself with able ministers and advisors.
188 Bhishma advises Yudhishthira on how a king should behave when desiring more wealth. He should protect his subjects, impose taxes gradually, check disorderly elements, and encourage productive activities. A wise king should display truth, sincerity, and absence of wrath, and wield the rod of chastisement to enhance his treasury and kingdom.
189 Bhishma advises Yudhishthira on kingcraft: protect subjects, support Brahmanas, and assign sustenance. Reflect on personal faults and gauge public opinion. Be heedful of subjects and foes, and avoid oppressing traders and agriculturists. Gifts support gods, ancestors, and humans. Strong kings prey on the weak, but should still protect all.
190 Bhishma quotes Utathya, advising King Mandhatri to uphold righteousness, not act capriciously. Righteousness is the king's foundation, and failing to uphold it leads to hell. Restrain sinfulness, advance righteousness, and gratify Brahmanas' wishes. Pride and unrighteousness lead to ruin, and neglecting Brahmanas' wishes brings danger and loss of prosperity.
191 Utathya advises King Mandhatri to act virtuously, protect his subjects, and uphold righteousness. The king's conduct determines the age and affects all creatures. He should correct faults without causing harm, protect the weak, punish the wicked, and honor deserving ministers. Wisdom and courage are essential for a king to rule justly.
192 Yudhishthira asks Bhishma about a righteous king's duties. Bhishma cites Vamadeva's advice to King Vasumanas: act righteously, as it's the most efficacious means to accomplish objects. A king who disregards righteousness falls away from virtue, while one who seeks prosperity, free from malice, thrives in affluence.
193 Vamadeva advises King Vasumanas to set a good example, display power, live cheerfully, and do good without solicitation. A king should avoid malice, speak truthfully, and protect subjects. Appointing loyal and able persons to office and watching other kings through secret agents is also crucial.
194 Vamadeva advises King Vasumanas to win victories without battles, as wise men esteem peaceful victories highly. A king's power is confirmed when their dominions are wide, wealthy, and subjects are loyal and contented. A king with a strong, competent army can conquer the earth and achieve greatness.
195 Yudhishthira asks Bhishma how a Kshatriya king should fight another Kshatriya king. Bhishma advises fair means, no striking disabled or frightened enemies, and treating wounded opponents with care. Righteousness is key, as unrighteous means lead to sin and destruction. Manu's law dictates fair battles, and virtue is essential.
196 Bhishma advises Yudhishthira that a king should not subjugate the earth by unrighteous means. A victory obtained by unfair means is uncertain and never leads to heaven. A king should treat a vanquished foe with respect, not slay a warrior who begs for quarter, and honor Brahmanas and priests.
197 Yudhishthira asks how kings can attain felicity despite sinful acts in battle. Bhishma explains that kings can become pure through sacrifices, gifts, and penances. Brave kings who fight for Brahmanas are regarded as sacrifices, and their merit increases. Heroes who face danger fearlessly earn eternal bliss, while cowards are punished.
198 Yudhishthira asks about the regions earned by heroes who die in battle. Bhishma recounts Amvarisha's surprise at seeing his general Sudeva in heaven, despite not performing traditional sacrifices. Indra explains that bravery in battle is a form of sacrifice, earning regions of felicity like his own.
199 Bhishma tells the story of King Janaka, who showed his warriors heaven and hell before battle, urging them to fight fearlessly. Bhishma advises Yudhishthira to form his army's array with car-warriors, elephants, horsemen, and foot-soldiers, and notes that heroism is the highest virtue, protecting and cherishing all.
200 Yudhishthira asks Bhishma how kings should lead troops to battle. Bhishma advises using both straight and crooked wisdom, manufacturing weapons, and choosing the right time and place for battle. He also emphasizes honoring brave warriors and fighting courageously, regardless of life itself, to achieve victory and religious merit.
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201 Yudhishthira asks about competent combatants. Bhishma describes regional warriors' traits: Gandharvas use nails and lances, Easterners fight from elephants, Yavanas fight bare-handed, and Southerners wield swords. He notes physical characteristics like voices, eyes, and body types indicating heroism, and advises placing brave warriors in the van.
202 Yudhishthira asks about indications of an army's success. Bhishma lists signs: cheerful troops and animals, favorable wind and rainbows, auspicious birds and animals, and pure behavior. He advises trying peaceful means, conciliation, and gifts before battle, and showing forgiveness and compassion after conquest.
203 Yudhishthira asks Bhishma how to handle different types of foes. Bhishma cites Vrihaspati's advice to Indra: lull foes into security, produce disunion, make gifts, and use poison. Be cautious, wait for the right moment, and avoid unnecessary hostility. Use conciliation, gifts, and disunion to grind foes one by one.
204 Yudhishthira asks Bhishma how a king who has lost his kingdom and wealth can achieve happiness. Bhishma tells the story of Prince Kshemadarsin, who sought advice from the sage Kalakavrikshiya. The sage advises the prince to abandon desires, cultivate a pure disposition, and seek felicity in solitude, living a simple life in the forest.
205 The sage advises the king to regain prosperity by renouncing pride, humbling himself, and performing good deeds. He suggests serving Janaka, causing disunion among foes, and destroying their treasury by inducing difficult achievements and hostilities. The king should offer enjoyments, advise sacrifices, and rely on destiny to succeed.
206 The king refuses to use deceit to regain his kingdom, desiring to live righteously. A sage praises his commitment and arranges a union with the ruler of Videhas. The king's noble birth, learning, and courage impress the ruler, who offers him his daughter and gems, forming a strong alliance based on trust and righteousness.
207 Yudhishthira asks Bhishma about the king's behavior towards courageous men. Bhishma advises unity and honor, warning that avarice and wrath lead to destruction. He stresses reverence for the wise and courageous, and avoidance of quarrels and oppression, which can cause the aristocracy to turn against the king.
208 Bhishma advises Yudhishthira to worship and serve mother, father, and preceptor. He stresses honoring them earns merit, while disregarding them leads to sin. The preceptor is worthy of greatest reverence, as they impart immortal knowledge. Pleasing them pleases the gods and Rishis, and supporting them is essential for well-being.
209 Bhishma advises Yudhishthira on virtue, saying truth and falsehood depend on context. Truth shouldn't be spoken if it causes harm, and falsehood may be spoken to prevent harm. Righteousness is complex, aiming for growth and non-injury. Silence or untruth may be better in some cases, and deceitful people should be shunned.
210 Bhishma advises Yudhishthira to overcome difficulties by following scriptural duties, practicing truth and non-injury, controlling desires, and cultivating virtues. He lists various behaviors, including hospitality, Vedic study, courage, and compassion. Bhishma concludes that seeking refuge in Narayana, the Supreme Lord, will overcome all difficulties.
211 Bhishma tells Yudhishthira about a jackal who, despite being a former cruel king, became compassionate and truthful. He was sought out by a tiger to be his minister, but was falsely accused by the tiger's servants. The jackal was acquitted, but chose to leave the tiger's service, illustrating the complexity of appearances and the importance of scrutiny.
212 Bhishma tells Yudhishthira to avoid idleness, like a camel who obtained a boon but was killed by a jackal due to its laziness. He advises using intelligence, restraint, and action to achieve success, quoting Manu that victory depends on intelligence. Bhishma encourages wise decision-making and caution to rule effectively.
213 Yudhishthira asks Bhishma how a king without aids should face a powerful foe. Bhishma shares the story of the Ocean and Rivers, highlighting the cane's flexibility and ability to yield. He advises Yudhishthira to adopt the cane's behavior, assessing strength and weakness, and yielding to avoid destruction.
214 Yudhishthira asks Bhishma how to respond to harsh speeches from ignorant people. Bhishma advises endurance, as wrath is futile. Shameless individuals are like crows or peacocks, and engaging with them is pointless. Avoid them like dogs, and don't yield to hate. Endurance takes away the pain of speech.
215 Yudhishthira asks Bhishma about the duties of a king, seeking guidance on effective rule and happiness for his people. Bhishma advises that a king needs wise servants, just administration, kindness, and attention to six essential aspects to earn the merit of sovereignty and achieve prosperity.
216 Bhishma tells the story of a sage who lived in a forest, surrounded by fierce animals. A devoted dog sought the sage's protection from a leopard and was transformed into a leopard himself. Later, he was transformed into a tiger, subsisting on flesh and blood, and thriving in the forest.
217 Bhishma tells the story of a dog transformed into various animals to escape predators. He becomes a tiger, then an elephant, a lion, and finally a Sarabha. However, he becomes ungrateful and seeks to slay the Rishi who had transformed him. The Rishi transforms him back into a dog, his original form.
218 Bhishma advises the king to appoint qualified ministers and exercise supervision. A minister should be truthful, sincere, knowledgeable, and self-restrained. The king should be conversant with scriptures, protect subjects, and possess virtues like patience and forgiveness. He should reward ministers, love devoted subjects, and avoid idleness.
219 Bhishma advises the king to appoint servants to fitting offices, citing the dog story. Each should be placed according to their qualifications. A king who does so will enjoy sovereignty. Surround yourself with worthy associates, care for your treasury and people, and speak kindly to devoted servants.
220 Bhishma advises Yudhishthira on kingly duties: protection, impartiality, and adaptability. Be like a peacock, assuming different forms to achieve goals. Protect people, seek wisdom, and be heedful of dangers. Display strength, inspire confidence, uphold justice, and appoint capable officers. Follow these duties to succeed and prosper.
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221 Bhishma explains Chastisement to Yudhishthira, describing it as the lord of everything, present everywhere, and the embodiment of righteousness. It has many forms and names, including weapons and deities. Chastisement keeps creatures from harming each other and is the author of a kingdom, sent by God for the Kshatriya.
222 Bhishma tells the story of King Vasuhoma, who explained the origin of Chastisement to King Mandhatri. Chastisement was created by Brahman to maintain order and was passed on to various gods and Rishis before being given to the Kshatriyas to protect all creatures and guide righteous kings.
223 Yudhishthira asks about Virtue, Wealth, and Pleasure. Bhishma explains they're interconnected, with Wealth rooted in Virtue and Pleasure its fruit. He advises seeking them for Knowledge of Self, not just reward or pleasure. Balance and good deeds are key to avoiding heedlessness and wickedness.
224 Yudhishthira asks Bhishma about acquiring virtuous behavior. Bhishma shares Duryodhana's conversation with Dhritarashtra, who advises virtuous behavior to achieve prosperity. He cites Prahlada's example, who won sovereignty through good behavior, obedience to Sukra, and self-restraint. Bhishma concludes that virtuous behavior is key to true success and happiness.
225 Yudhishthira asks Bhishma about Hope, wondering where it comes from and how it can be conquered. Bhishma shares a story about King Sumitra's pursuit of a deer, illustrating Hope's elusive nature. The deer evades capture, showing itself only to distance itself again, reflecting Hope's tendency to vanish when we think we have it.
226 King Sumitra, worn out and disappointed, meets ascetics in the forest. They honor him and ask about his presence. He shares his story and compares Hope to the vast firmament, wondering which is greater. He asks the ascetics to discourse on the nature of Hope, seeking their wisdom.
227 Rishabha visits Nara and Narayana's asylum, meeting Tanu, a tall and emaciated Rishi. King Viradyumna arrives, searching for his lost son, and asks Tanu about hope. Tanu reveals the son insulted a Rishi and was cursed. The Rishis gather, asking about Viradyumna's arrival and his search for his son.
228 King Viradyumna searches for his lost son and meets ascetic Tanu, who reveals Hope's slenderness. Tanu lists examples of slender Hope, including a parent's Hope to see a lost child again. He reveals the king's son, rebukes the king, and displays his celestial form.
229 Yudhishthira asks Bhishma to discourse on morality, saying he's never satiated with his words. Bhishma tells the story of Gotama, a sage who underwent ascetic austerities for 60,000 years, and his meeting with Yama. Gotama asks Yama how to liberate himself from his debt to his parents and win pure bliss.
230 Yudhishthira asks Bhishma about a king's conduct in distress. Bhishma advises adopting unconventional means to fill the treasury, avoiding oppression and unrighteous practices. He cites scriptures and ancient kings, stressing protection of the kingdom and subjects. A king should acquire wealth by battle and victory, not begging or mendicancy.
231 Yudhishthira asks Bhishma about a weak king's actions when his kingdom is partitioned and his wealth is gone. Bhishma advises making peace with the invader, abandoning territory if necessary, and protecting the king's household ladies. He encourages fighting bravely, either to defeat the enemy or ascend to heaven.
232 Yudhishthira asks Bhishma how a Brahmana should subsist when righteous rule disappears. Bhishma advises living by knowledge, taking wealth from the wicked, and following scriptures. A king may take what is not freely given, but should not oppress Brahmanas. He should bear burdens willingly and follow the path of the good.
233 Bhishma advises the king to fill his treasury through wealth from his kingdom and enemies. A filled treasury is the root of religious merit and kingdom. Increase wealth, army, allies, and friends. Affluence brings honors and conceals sins. Establish rules, gladden hearts, and bring robbers under rule, not exterminating them outright.
234 Bhishma advises Kshatriyas to prioritize power and wealth, as these lead to duty and religious merit. Power is the source of strength, and righteousness depends on it. A powerful person can commit mistakes and still be revered, while a powerless person is often cast aside. Expiation is possible through study, worship, and penance.
235 Bhishma tells the story of Kayavya, a robber who followed Kshatriya duties and won felicity in heaven. Kayavya protected ascetics, worshipped seniors, and respected Brahmanas. He led robbers with restraints: no killing women, children, or ascetics, and respecting truth. They prospered and eventually won salvation.
236 Bhishma advises kings to fill their treasury by taking wealth from those who don't perform religious rites, considered equal to robbers. Use wealth for the army and sacrifices, and support those who perform good deeds. Extend conquests gradually, promote sacrifices, and drive out those who refuse to participate.
237 Bhishma tells a story of three fish friends: one with foresight, one with presence of mind, and one procrastinator. When fishermen drained the lake, the foresightful fish escaped, the adaptable fish tricked capture, and the procrastinator was caught and killed, illustrating the importance of preparation and adaptability.
238 Yudhishthira asked Bhishma how a king should act when surrounded by foes. Bhishma shared a story of a mouse and a cat, emphasizing strategy and timely alliances. He advised Yudhishthira to act with foresight, seek wise counsel, protect his subjects, and worship Brahmanas to gain prosperity.
239 Bhishma tells Yudhishthira the story of Pujani, a bird who lived with King Brahmadatta. When the king's son killed her child, she blinded him in revenge. Despite the king's forgiveness, Pujani left, saying trust between those who have injured each other is never secure and animosity can never die.
240 Bhishma advises Yudhishthira on kinghood, citing King Satrunjaya and Rishi Bharadwaja. A king should be wise, cast off lust and wrath, and speak sweetly while being sharp. He should imitate various entities, strengthen hopes, and inspire confidence in foes before striking. Adaptability and strategic thinking are key to success.
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241 Yudhishthira asks Bhishma how to live during a time of distress when righteousness decays. Bhishma tells the story of Viswamitra, a hungry Rishi who considered eating dog meat from a Chandala's hut. They debate righteousness vs. survival, and Viswamitra eats the meat after purifying it with a ritual.
242 Yudhishthira is conflicted about his duties as a king, feeling that he's being asked to engage in unrighteous behavior. Bhishma advises him to use wisdom and experience, noting that righteousness can appear as unrighteousness and vice versa. He stresses the importance of respecting Brahmanas, who can bring fame or fear.
243 Yudhishthira asks Bhishma about protecting a suppliant. Bhishma tells the story of a pigeon who protected a foe, even feeding him with his own flesh. A cruel fowler, seeking shelter under a tree, is protected despite his wickedness, illustrating the merit of cherishing a suppliant and protecting all creatures.
244 The pigeon laments his wife's absence, saying their home feels empty without her. He praises her virtues, devotion, and constant love. A house without a wife is like a wilderness, he says, and she is his best companion, associate, and friend. He worries about her safety and values their loving relationship.
245 The she-pigeon, captured by the fowler, advises her husband to show hospitality to the fowler, citing their duty as pigeons to follow principles of their birth. She prioritizes his well-being and virtue, encouraging him to cast off grief and take other wives, saying she is unimportant.
246 The pigeon, delighted by his wife's words, welcomes the fowler and offers warmth and food. Desiring to honor his guest, the pigeon sacrifices himself, entering the flames. The fowler is overcome with remorse, lamenting his past actions and the pigeon's selfless act, which transforms his heart.
247 The fowler, filled with remorse, lamented his actions and resolved to change. He praised the pigeon's selfless act, threw away his hunting tools, and freed the she-pigeon. He vowed to practice righteousness, deny his body comforts, and wear out his life through penances, transformed by the pigeon's example.
248 The she-pigeon, grief-stricken, lamented her husband's loss, cherishing their happy memories. With no desire to live without him, she cast herself into the fire and was reunited with him in the afterlife, where they were honored and continued to sport in joy, surrounded by virtuous beings.
249 The fowler, inspired by the pigeon couple, sought a similar end through austerities. He entered a forest, where a bush fire broke out, and ran towards it, eager to cast off his body. Consumed by flames, he was cleansed of sins and attained success, shining in heaven like Indra.
250 Yudhishthira asked Bhishma about cleansing sin committed due to lack of judgment. Bhishma told the story of King Janamejaya, who killed a Brahmana and was abandoned by his people. Janamejaya underwent austerities and met Indrota, who rebuked him, warning of hell and rebirth in a lowly creature if he didn't atone.
251 Janamejaya, filled with remorse, implored Saunaka's guidance. He acknowledged past mistakes, feared Yama and hell, and pledged to change. Saunaka, with compassion, advised seeking wisdom, kindness, and regard for Brahmanas. Janamejaya swore to never harm them again, seeking protection and guidance to embark on a path of redemption.
252 Saunaka discourses on righteousness to Janamejaya, praising his strength and willingness to change. He advises Janamejaya to rule with compassion, cultivate righteousness, and visit sacred spots. Saunaka offers to assist Janamejaya in performing a horse-sacrifice to atone for past mistakes and regain blessedness.
253 Yudhishthira asked Bhishma if anyone had been restored to life after death. Bhishma told the story of a vulture and jackal arguing over a dead child. The kinsmen stayed, hoping for a miracle, and their devotion drew the attention of Sankara, who granted the child life, demonstrating the power of hope and divine grace.
254 Yudhishthira asked Bhishma how a weak person should face a powerful foe. Bhishma told the story of Salmali, a majestic tree, and Pavana, the wind god. Salmali's strength lay in providing shelter and joy, earning Pavana's protection. Similarly, the weak person's strength lies in cultivating friendship and protection.
255 Narada told Salmali that the Wind god protected him due to friendship, but Salmali boasted that his own strength was greater. Narada scolded Salmali, saying no creature could match the Wind's might. He rebuked Salmali for withholding worship and speaking untruths, and warned that he would report his words to the Wind god.
256 Narada told the Wind god what Salmali said, and the Wind god approached Salmali in rage. Salmali laughed, saying he wasn't afraid. The Wind god said he'd test his strength the next day. That night, Salmali realized his mistake and decided to use his intelligence to face the Wind's fury.
257 The Salmali tree, realizing its mistake, cut off its branches and leaves. The Wind god approached, surprised to see the tree had shed its proud top and flowers. The Wind said, "You are now under my power." The Salmali felt shame, remembering Narada's words.
258 Bhishma said, "Covetousness is the root of all sin, leading to wrath, lust, pride, and malice. It's never satisfied, even with great acquisitions. Good people, on the other hand, are self-restrained, truthful, and fearless, with no attachment to worldly objects. Seek instruction from them, Yudhishthira."
259 Bhishma said, "Ignorance is the root of misery, originating from covetousness. Attachment, hate, and loss of judgment are forms of ignorance. Avoid covetousness to attain happiness in this world and the next. Kings like Janaka and Yuvanaswa achieved heaven by suppressing covetousness. Make a strong resolution to avoid it, Yudhishthira."
260 Bhishma told Yudhishthira that self-restraint is the highest duty, leading to merit. It includes forgiveness, patience, non-injury, impartiality, truth, and conquest of the senses. A self-restrained person attains emancipation, wins esteem, and has no fear of the next world. Self-restraint is the most important virtue, with many merits.
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261 Bhishma said penance is the root of everything. Without it, actions bear no fruit. The Creator and Rishis achieved their goals through penance. It helps achieve the impossible and is the basis of all accomplishments. Abstention from food is the highest penance, superior to compassion, truth, and gift-giving.
262 Bhishma told Yudhishthira that truth is an eternal duty, the highest refuge, and the foundation of righteousness. Its thirteen forms include impartiality, self-control, forgiveness, and fortitude. Truth can be acquired through knowledge, devotion, and practice. It is immutable, eternal, and unchangeable, and supports all virtues.
263 Bhishma explained the origins of vices to Yudhishthira. Wrath comes from covetousness, lust from resolution, envy from wrath and covetousness, and loss of judgment from ignorance. True knowledge and compassion can conquer these vices. Tranquility of soul is essential to subdue them. Yudhishthira had conquered them through his desire for truth.
264 Bhishma described malevolent individuals as slanderous, mean, deceitful, arrogant, and cruel. They fear and suspect everyone, are liars, and take pleasure in harming others. They proclaim others' faults while hiding their own and regard virtuous people as pests. Bhishma advised Yudhishthira to avoid such people, who should be shunned by the wise.
265 Bhishma told Yudhishthira to support impoverished Brahmanas engaged in sacrifices and studies. He described malevolent individuals and emphasized avoiding them. Bhishma explained sacrifice rules, Brahmana behavior, and sin expiation. He stressed respecting Brahmanas and following scriptural rules to attain felicity and happiness.
266 Bhishma tells Nakula the sword's origin story. The Grandsire created the universe and beings, but the Danavas ignored his commands. The Grandsire created Asi, a sword, and gave it to Rudra to defeat the Danavas. The sword was passed down through gods and kings, and Nakula obtains it to protect righteousness.
267 Yudhishthira asked his brothers and Vidura about Virtue, Wealth, and Desire. Vidura said Virtue was foremost, Arjuna said Profit, and Bhimasena said Desire. Yudhishthira concluded that all three were important, but Emancipation was the ultimate goal, transcending attachment and desire. His words were met with applause and admiration.
268 Yudhishthira asked Bhishma about forming friendships and alliances. Bhishma advised avoiding covetous and sinful individuals, and instead forming alliances with those who are well-born, knowledgeable, and grateful. He told a story about a Brahmana who lived among robbers, lost compassion, and was awakened by an old friend.
269 Gautama, exhausted and lost, found a heavenly spot with a banian tree, golden sands, and fragrant flowers. He sat down, feeling the cool shade, and soon fell asleep, fanned by a perfumed breeze. A bird named Rajadharman returned home, welcoming Gautama with hospitality and worship, offering food and shelter.
270 Rajadharman, a crane, welcomed Gautama, a poor Brahmana, and offered hospitality. He introduced Gautama to his friend, King Virupaksha, who promised wealth. Gautama went to the king's city, Meruvraja, and was received gladly. The king gave him wealth and treasures, fulfilling his desire.
271 Gautama, a poor Brahmana, was welcomed by King Virupaksha, a Rakshasa. The king gave him wealth and food, and he returned to the banian tree where he met Rajadharman, the crane. Despite Rajadharman's kindness, Gautama considered harming him for food, driven by greed and covetousness.
272 Gautama, a Brahmana, slew Rajadharman, a crane who had shown him kindness. The Rakshasa king, Virupaksha, discovered the crime and ordered Gautama's capture. Even robbers refused to eat his flesh, deeming him too vile. The king declared that ingratitude has no expiation, and even cannibals and worms would not touch him.
273 Rajadharman, the crane, was revived by Surabhi's milk. Indra explained that the Grandsire's curse was lifted. Rajadharman requested Indra to restore Gautama, his slayer, to life. Indra granted the request, reuniting the friends. Bhishma emphasized the importance of gratitude, warning that ingratitude leads to hell.
274 Yudhishthira asked Bhishma how to overcome grief. Bhishma shared a story of a Brahmana who consoled King Senajit, advising detachment and understanding that joy and sorrow are revolving. Cultivate a tranquil soul by casting off desire, fear, and aversion, and regard all creatures as your own.
275 Yudhishthira asked Bhishma about the good thing to seek, given time's fleeting nature. Bhishma shared a story of Medhavin, who urged his father to seek knowledge and virtue, and break free from desires and worldly attachments to attain immortality through truth and self-restraint.
276 Yudhishthira asked Bhishma about happiness and misery. Bhishma shared a Brahmana's story, advocating for renunciation. Complete poverty is true happiness, freedom from danger. A poor man with a pure heart is superior to a wealthy, anxious, and sinful man. Renunciation is key to happiness and freedom from afflictions.
277 Yudhishthira asks about obtaining happiness when desires are unfulfilled. Bhishma shares Manki's story, who lost his bulls and renounced attachment and desire, adopting tranquility and compassion. Manki's loss led to self-realization, and he attained immortality by cutting desire's roots. Bhishma advises renouncing attachment for happiness.
278 Bhishma shares stories to teach Yudhishthira about freedom from attachments. Janaka says, "My wealth is unlimited, but I have nothing." Vodhya's preceptors include Pingala, an osprey, a snake, a bee, a maker of shafts, and a maiden. They teach abandoning expectation, living simply, and avoiding disputes.
279 Yudhishthira asks Bhishma about living a life free from grief. Bhishma shares the story of Prahlada and the sage Ajagara, who follows a vow of simplicity and detachment. The sage has transcended desire, attachment, and fear, and achieved tranquility, understanding that all things are dependent on destiny.
280 Wisdom is the greatest refuge, says Bhishma to Yudhishthira. He shares the story of Indra and Kasyapa, where Indra advises contentment and virtue. Indra says humans always desire more, but one should be happy with what they have and pursue knowledge.
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281 Yudhishthira asks about the path to wisdom and felicity. Bhishma advises that virtuous acts lead to happiness and affluence, while sinful acts lead to suffering. Past actions pursue the actor, and consequences unfold in their own time. Penances can wash away sins, and judgment should be used to do good.
282 Yudhishthira asks about the universe's origin and end. Bhishma cites Bhrigu's narrative, explaining that the Primeval Being, Manasa, created the universe and all living things. Manasa is eternal and unchangeable, and the universe is infinite, with limitless elements and cyclical structures. Brahman, born from the Lotus, is the creator.
283 Bharadwaja asks about creation. Bhrigu explains that Brahman created by fiat of will, first creating water, which is the life of all creatures. Water transformed into earth, mountains, and clouds. The celestial voice revealed that water, wind, and fire originated from infinite Space, and the earth was formed from fire's liquid portion.
284 Bharadwaja asks why the five elements are considered "great creatures". Bhrigu explains that they are infinite and vast, and all objects are made of them. He says trees have space, heat, and perception, and are not inanimate. The elements combine to create diverse forms, tastes, and sounds, enabling perception and movement.
285 Bharadwaja asks about bodily fire and wind. Bhrigu explains that heat resides in the head, protecting the body, while Prana causes exertion. Various breaths operate in different body parts, circulating heat, digesting food, and causing movement. Yogins use the breaths to attain Brahma, holding the soul in the brain.
286 Bharadwaja questions the value of life, suggesting it's insignificant if reliant on air. When an animal dies, its life force isn't visible, and internal heat is extinguished. He asks what happens to life when the body's elements are dissolved. He also questions reincarnation, asking how a person can come back to life.
287 Bhrigu explains that the living creature transforms into another form when the body dissolves. The Soul, formless and sustainer of breaths, pervades the limbs and perceives external properties. It feels pleasure and pain, witnesses the mind's acts, and migrates to another body when the current one dissolves.
288 Bhrigu explains that Brahman created the four orders equally, but they became distinguished by actions and qualities. Distinctions are not rigid and were created based on occupations and qualities. Cupidity and ignorance led some to fall away from their original order. Brahmanas devoted to scriptures can grasp Brahma.
289 Bhrigu explains that a Brahmana is one who is sanctified, studies the Vedas, and is pure in behavior. A Kshatriya engages in battle, a Vaisya in agriculture and trade, and a Sudra in various works. Characteristics, not birth, define one's order. Self-restraint, resisting passions, and faith lead to absorption in Brahma.
290 Bhrigu says Truth is Brahma, creating and upholding the universe. Truth leads to heaven, Untruth to hell. Happiness is unstable, sought by some, but Rishis seek a higher reward. Righteousness brings happiness, Unrighteousness brings afflictions. Happiness is an attribute of the Soul, desirable and the root of all acts.
291 Bhrigu explains the consequences of gifts, Righteousness, conduct, penances, and Vedic study. He outlines four modes of life: residence in a preceptor's abode, domestic life, forest life, and renunciation. Each mode has its own duties and practices, leading to heaven and the fruition of desires. Showing regard to guests and speaking kindly are emphasized.
292 Bhrigu describes the lives of forest recluses and Parivrajakas, who renounce worldly attachments and live ascetic lives, performing penances and observing vows. They roam the earth, free from attachment and aversion, and never injure living creatures. A region beyond the known world is described, where people are righteous and free from sin.
293 Bhishma explains good conduct involves purity, sun worship, ablutions, and eating silently facing east. Treat guests, attendants, and kinsmen equally, eat at right times, avoid unsanctified meat. Worship Brahmanas, use polite language, do good to all. Righteousness leads to eternal happiness after death.
294 Bhishma explains Adhyatma as the Supreme Soul that creates and destroys the universe. The five primal elements combine to form objects, and the Soul is the witness that pervades all beings. Intelligence creates the qualities of Darkness, Passion, and Goodness, and one can attain happiness by transcending them.
295 Bhishma explains four kinds of yoga meditation to Yudhishthira, which great Rishis use to attain eternal success. A yogin must restrain senses and mind, fixing them on meditation, making them independent of the body. Patient effort brings unmatched felicity and control, leading to Nirvana, a highly blessed state.
296 Yudhishthira asks about the fruits of silent recitation. Bhishma explains that it involves renunciation and abstention from rites, leading to cessation of desires and aversion. The Reciter attains purity, self-restraint, and freedom from attachment, eventually entering the Brahmic body or Brahma's region, transcending rebirth.
297 Bhishma explains that Reciters who fail to follow the discipline correctly or have improper motivations will go to hell. Faults include pride, attachment, lack of faith, and instability. Yudhishthira asks why Reciters who attain Brahma still take birth, and Bhishma attributes this to a lack of true knowledge and wisdom.
298 Bhishma describes the hell that a Reciter attains, explaining that even the regions of the gods are considered hell compared to the region of the Supreme Soul, which is uncreate, painless, and beyond the three attributes and eight incidents. A Reciter who identifies with their Soul goes to this Supreme region.
299 Yudhishthira asked about the dispute involving Time, Mrityu, Yama, Ikshvaku, and a Brahmana. Bhishma narrated how a pious Brahmana, devoted to Gayatri recitation for a thousand years, was visited by these deities. Despite their urging to ascend to heaven, he chose to continue his recitations.
300 Bhishma continues the story, describing the Brahmana and monarch's equal rewards and shared end. Deities arrive, and they concentrate their minds and control their souls. A fiery flame ascends, and they enter Brahman's self, receiving praise and welcome. Brahman declares that Veda readers and yogins will attain the same region.
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301 Bhishma narrates a discourse between Manu and Vrihaspati, where Vrihaspati seeks knowledge about the universe, creatures, and the fruits of knowledge and sacrifices. Manu explains that desire leads to happiness and misery, and liberation from desire leads to Brahma, the highest state.
302 Manu explains the origin of the universe, describing the cycle of creation and destruction. He discusses the soul's journey, using analogies to illustrate its relationship with the senses and knowledge. The soul takes on a new body after death, shedding its old one like a worn-out garment.
303 Manu describes the Soul as the silent Witness, omniscient and beyond senses. It exists independently, depending on itself, and can only be known through knowledge and intelligence. Manu uses analogies like the moon's reflection and the sun's motion to illustrate the Soul's nature and existence.
304 Manu explains the Soul's nature and its relationship with the senses, mind, and understanding. Ignorance and attachment lead to delusion and misery, while knowledge and self-restraint bring happiness and liberation. The Soul is beyond the senses and can only be attained through the understanding, leading to the Supreme.
305 Manu advises against brooding over sorrow, recommending wisdom and self-restraint for happiness and liberation. Worldly possessions bring sorrow, and one should not grieve over transitory things. The mind and understanding must be freed from attributes to attain the Supreme Brahma, which is without attributes and cannot be acquired by argument.
306 Manu explains that uniting the senses and mind reveals Brahma. The soul lives in different bodies due to past actions, and good deeds produce rewards in the same body. Brahma is the supreme, unchangeable, and infinite essence, transcending sorrow and opposites, and can only be attained through inference and intelligence.
307 Yudhishthira asks Bhishma to describe Vishnu, the Creator. Bhishma recounts Vishnu's creation of elements, Consciousness, and the first-born being, and his slaying of Madhu. He describes the birth of gods, Danavas, and men, and how Vishnu created the four orders of men and made deities rulers of different realms.
308 Yudhishthira asks about the first Prajapatis and Rishis. Bhishma explains that the Self-born Brahman had seven sons, including Marichi and Vasishtha, who are the first Prajapatis. He describes their descendants, including Daksha and Kasyapa, and explains the fourfold order among the gods.
309 Yudhishthira asks Bhishma about Krishna's energy and feats. Bhishma recounts a story where Vishnu assumes a boar form to slay the Danavas, terrorizing them with his roars and hoofs. The gods seek refuge with Brahman, who reveals the boar as Vishnu, the Supreme God and creator of all beings.
310 Yudhishthira asks Bhishma about the highest yoga for emancipation. Bhishma recounts a discourse where the preceptor explains Vasudeva as the Supreme cause, creator of all beings, and the cycle of creation and destruction. The Soul, without decay, dwells in the body, bound by its karma, entering different bodies accordingly.
311 Bhishma explains the cycle of rebirth, where the Soul is eternal and indestructible, but defiled by Ignorance. The wheel of existence revolves due to Passion, with the Unmanifest as the nave and the Manifest as the spokes. True knowledge can consume the causes of misery, allowing the Soul to escape rebirth.
312 Bhishma advises abandoning earthly attachments and desires to attain emancipation. The body is made of five elements and three attributes - Goodness, Passion, and Darkness - which induce acts. Cultivating Goodness and abandoning faults born of Passion and Darkness leads to emancipation.
313 Bhishma explains that Passion and Darkness lead to impurities, while Goodness leads to knowledge of the Supreme Soul. The Soul falls away from knowledge, leading to wrath and bondage. Renunciation of attachments ends sorrow and leads to Emancipation. The stream of creation begins with women, and men should not pursue them excessively.
314 Bhishma explains that knowledge and following the scriptures can conquer the senses. Men are superior among living creatures, and Brahmanas who know the Vedas are the most superior. Bhishma describes Brahmacharya as the foremost religion, a state of mind free from senses, and explains how to practice it.
315 Bhishma explains that attachment to sensory objects leads to helplessness, while detachment leads to the highest end. One should strive for emancipation through purity, tranquility, and knowledge, cultivating peace and renouncing worldly objects. Ahimsa, truth, honesty, and forgiveness are essential virtues.
316 Bhishma explains that a yogin should abandon sleep and dreams, influenced by passion and darkness. The mind never disappears, and dreams arise from worn-out senses. Impressions from past lives are not lost, and the Soul brings them forth. The mind exists in all things, and the Soul should be comprehended.
317 Bhishma explains that to know Brahma, one must understand four topics. The manifest body is liable to death, while the unmanifest chit-soul transcends death. Prakriti and Purusha are eternal, but Prakriti is fraught with attributes, while Purusha transcends them. Yoga leads to knowledge and Emancipation.
318 Yudhishthira asks Bhishma about Janaka's path to emancipation. Bhishma tells the story of Janadeva, who sought knowledge from various preceptors before meeting Panchasikha, an ascetic who discoursed on the religion of emancipation, refuting sceptics and Buddhistic doctrines, and emphasizing the permanence of the soul.
319 Bhishma tells Yudhishthira about Janadeva's conversation with Panchasikha. Janadeva asks about existence and emancipation, questioning the purpose of knowledge and action. Panchasikha explains the union of body, senses, and mind, and the three attributes of goodness, passion, and darkness. He teaches that renunciation leads to emancipation and felicity.
320 Yudhishthira asks Bhishma about the path to happiness and freedom from fear. Bhishma replies that self-restraint is key, enhancing energy and leading to success. A self-restrained person is calm, content, and compassionate, with a cheerful mind. They are well-behaved, humble, and master their passions, enjoying honors and heaven.
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321 Yudhishthira asks Bhishma about eating sacrifices' remnants. Bhishma says those who do without Vedic sacrifices fall, while those who do with a desire for heaven ascend but eventually fall. True penance is renouncing acts and humility, making one pure, an ambrosia eater, and a gods' adorer.
322 Yudhishthira asks Bhishma if man is the doer of his actions. Bhishma cites Prahlada and Indra's discourse. Prahlada, a wise Daitya king, attributes his tranquility to Nature, not personal exertion. He advises simplicity, self-control, and self-knowledge to attain Emancipation. Indra commends his words, and Bhishma illustrates that Nature drives everything.
323 Yudhishthira asks Bhishma how a monarch can live on after losing prosperity. Bhishma tells the story of Indra and Vali, where Vali, now an ass, wisdomfully says he doesn't grieve for his fall. Vali rebukes Indra for mocking him, saying wise people don't grieve or rejoice, but are tranquil souls.
324 Vali, now an ass, tells Indra he doesn't grieve for his fall as all things are transitory and Time destroys everything. He advises Indra not to brag and to adopt a true understanding. Vali reflects on his past life and notes that Time has taken away his prosperity, encouraging Indra to cultivate detachment.
325 Sree, the goddess of Prosperity, emerges from Vali's body and is addressed by Indra. She deserts Vali due to his faults and decides to dwell in Indra, instructing him to divide her into four parts borne by earth, waters, Fire, and good men. Vali vows to vanquish the gods in a future battle.
326 Namuchi, an Asura, remains untroubled despite losing prosperity. Indra asks if he indulges in sorrow, and Namuchi replies that it only wastes one's body and gladdens foes. He believes in accepting one's condition, and that a wise person remains unmoved by calamities, driving off grief and summoning cheerfulness.
327 Yudhishthira asked Bhishma for advice on dealing with dire distress. Bhishma recounted Vali's wisdom to Indra, emphasizing fortitude and understanding Time's power. Vali, despite losing everything, remained unmoved, teaching that happiness and misery are transient. Indra acknowledged this truth, showing compassion, and returned to his abode.
328 Bhishma tells Yudhishthira about Sree, the goddess of prosperity, who leaves the Asuras due to their decline in virtue. She joins Indra, describing the good qualities of her former hosts, including devotion, patience, and compassion. Sree's arrival brings joy and prosperity to the gods, highlighting the importance of virtue and truth.
329 Yudhishthira asks about attaining the immutable Brahma. Bhishma shares Jaigishavya's wisdom: wise men are unperturbed by praise or blame, conceal good deeds, and don't reciprocate injury. They focus on the present, have regulated minds, and are engaged in the well-being of all creatures, attaining the highest end, Brahma.
330 Yudhishthira asks about a person who is universally admired. Bhishma describes Narada's qualities: learned, humble, free from pride and malice, truthful, and a master of his senses. Narada seeks knowledge, is respectful, sweet-spoken, and free from envy. He is a great renouncer, devoted to Brahma, and loves everyone.
331 Yudhishthira asks about the origin and end of all creatures. Bhishma shares Vyasa's explanation: only Brahma exists before creation. Time measurements include days, nights, months, and years. Different yugas (Krita, Treta, Dwapara, Kali) have decreasing duties and life spans. Brahma's day and night last 1,000 yugas, cycling through creation and dissolution.
332 Vyasa explains that Brahma creates the universe with Avidya, leading to Mahat, Mind, and seven beings. Each creation repeats the previous one, with attributes determined by past actions. Penance is the highest good, and the Vedas are the source of knowledge. Time ordains variety, creating and swallowing up creatures.
333 Vyasa explains universal dissolution: a dozen Suns and Agni's flames burn, consuming the universe. Elements merge into each other, and sound disappears into Mind. Mind withdraws all manifestations, and Chandramas swallows it up. Time swallows Knowledge, and Might swallows Time. Iswara's Soul is the Unmanifest Brahma, the Supreme.
334 Vyasa explains a Brahmana's duties: study Vedas, perform sacrifices, beget children, teach, and make gifts. Examples of kings and sages who made great gifts and attained heaven include Satyasandha, Rantideva, and Indradamana. Generosity and selflessness lead to merit and fame lasting as long as the earth.
335 Vyasa explains a Brahmana's duties: acquire knowledge, live a life of restraint, perform sacrifices, study, and give gifts. Avoid injuring creatures and cultivate wisdom to cross the stream of life. Conquer wrath and envy, be pure and self-restrained, and follow scriptural acts to attain emancipation and success.
336 Vyasa explains that knowledge and self-restraint lead to emancipation. One must transcend attachment and pride, and achieve uniformity with the universe. The Sankhya and Yoga systems both lead to emancipation, characterized by freedom from desire, cupidity, and envy, and equal friendliness towards all creatures.
337 Vyasa explains that knowledge is the key to emancipation. Suka asks for clarification, and Vyasa criticizes those who believe in natural causes without a higher refuge. He values wisdom, categorizes creation into four kinds of birth, and praises those who observe duties and are acquainted with the Vedas and the Soul.
338 Vyasa explains that acts lead to knowledge and emancipation. Yogins believe Brahma is the universal cause. Men in different ages have different characteristics. Brahma is expounded in Vedas and Vedanta, but can't be beheld through acts. Observing duties and studying scriptures leads to emancipation.
339 Bhishma said that success in attaining Brahma is achieved through knowledge, penance, sense control, and renunciation. The Soul, invisible and supreme, dwells in all beings and is perceived through the mind. The wise see the Soul in all things, attaining unity and immortality, transcending life and birth.
340 Vyasa explains that uniting intellect, mind, and senses is knowledge. One should abandon desire, wrath, and fear, and practice Yoga with restraint and concentration. Brahma becomes perceptible to those with wisdom and a concentrated mind. One should disregard celestial temptations and merge them in knowledge, practicing Yoga in isolation.
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341 Suka asks about the contradictory Vedic declarations. Bhishma explains two paths: acts leading to rebirth, and knowledge leading to emancipation. Yogins shun acts, trapped in pleasure and pain, while knowledge attains a state beyond grief, birth, and death, becoming universal friends, devoted to all creatures' good.
342 Suka asks Vyasa about contradictory Vedic declarations. Vyasa explains that both acts and knowledge lead to emancipation, but knowledge is superior. He describes four life stages: student, domestic, forest recluse, and renunciate. Each stage has duties, and following them leads to emancipation and realization of the Supreme Soul.
343 Vyasa explains a householder's duties: storing grain, practicing six duties, and worshiping guests. Avoid cooking for oneself, slaughtering animals, and sleeping during the day. Share food with all creatures and practice self-restraint. Conquer disputes with relatives and others, and follow the three courses of duty in domestic life.
344 Bhishma explains the third mode of life, Vanaprastha, where one abandons domestic life and lives as a forest recluse, collecting only what's needed, living on rice and wheat, and performing sacrifices. The fourth mode, Renunciation, involves giving up attachments and devoting oneself to the self, attaining the Infinite.
345 Suka asks Vyasa about attaining the highest object of knowledge through Yoga. Vyasa explains that a true mendicant should be indifferent to all creatures, avoid company, and grant protection to all beings. They should be free from attachments, fear, and desire, and regard all creatures with an equal eye.
346 Vyasa explains that the Jiva-soul is endowed with entities that are modifications of Prakriti. The Soul acts with the aid of the senses and mind, and is superior to the understanding and Unmanifest. The Supreme Soul is concealed, but can be beheld by Yogins with subtile vision through purification of the heart.
347 Vyasa explains Adhyatma as the five great entities (earth, water, light, wind, and space) that form all creatures. Each entity has corresponding senses and attributes, and the understanding creates and withdraws them. The three attributes of Sattwa, Rajas, and Tamas arise from their own counterparts and exist equally in all creatures.
348 Vyasa explains that the mind creates ideas, the understanding settles them, and the heart discriminates what is agreeable. The understanding transcends the three states and creates entities. It's the soul, superior to the mind, and dispels darkness, revealing the Supreme Soul. The soul is discovered by the mind, like an object in light.
349 Vyasa explains that the understanding creates objects, and the Soul presides without mingling. Objects partake of the understanding's nature. Comprehending the Soul leads to happiness, cutting away heart knots and dispelling doubts. The wise, with Soul knowledge, are crowned with success, emancipated, and never sorrowful.
350 Vyasa tells Suka that the foremost duty is restraining the senses and concentrating the mind. Withdrawing from unworthy objects and directing towards worthy ones, one can behold the Soul, like a blazing fire. Crossing the river of life with understanding and wisdom leads to freedom from attachment and knowledge of the Soul.
351 Vyasa explains that a true Brahmana transcends desire, attachment, and aversion, achieving knowledge of the Soul. Freedom from desire leads to the status of Brahma. Attributes of a Brahmana include contentment, grieflessness, and freedom from attachment. The Vedas aim for truth, leading to subjugation of the senses and ultimate happiness.
352 Vyasa teaches the science of Adhyatma, explaining the five elements and their attributes: space (sound), wind (touch), light (form/color), water (taste), and earth (scent). The mind, understanding, and infinite Soul follow, with the Soul becoming Jiva invested with a body due to actions. Transcendence leads to Emancipation.
353 Vyasa explains that those who understand the scriptures can see the subtle Soul, like the sun's rays, within gross bodies. Yogins perceive invisible beings and the Jiva, freed from death, roaming in bliss. The science of Yoga reveals the Supreme cause, with six attributes, leading to liberation and freedom from rebirth.
354 Vyasa describes a tree of Desire in the heart, born from Error and nourished by Ignorance. Men are bound by chains of iron, seeking its fruit, but are destroyed by their desires. A wise person uses Yoga to uproot this tree, transcending sorrow. The body is a city, with the understanding as mistress.
355 Bhishma explains the properties of the five elements and the mind and understanding. Earth has properties like immobility and hardness, water has coolness and moisture, fire has energy and heat, wind has touch and strength, and space has sound and extension. The mind and understanding have various attributes, totaling sixty properties.
356 Yudhishthira asks Bhishma about life and death, wondering what dies - body, subtle body, or soul. Bhishma tells the story of King Anukampaka, who met Narada after his son's death. Narada shares a narrative about Brahman's creation and the origin of life and death, seeking to alleviate the king's sorrow.
357 Sthanu pleads with Brahman to spare created beings, appealing to his compassion. Brahman explains the earth's burden, but Sthanu suggests cycles of birth and death instead of destruction. A goddess, Death, emerges, but hesitates, moved by the universe's beauty. Sthanu's words establish a cycle of life, death, and rebirth.
358 Narada tells the story of Death's origin. Born from Brahman's body, Death is hesitant to destroy living creatures. Brahman reassures her, saying diseases will be the cause of death, not her actions. Death relents, agreeing to carry out her task. Narada consoles Yudhishthira, saying his son has attained heaven.
359 Yudhishthira asks Bhishma about righteousness. Bhishma explains that righteousness comes from the practices of the good, the Smritis, and the Vedas. He emphasizes the importance of truth and charity, and advises Yudhishthira to consider the impact of his actions on others and to always follow the path of righteousness.
360 Yudhishthira questions how to determine duty and righteousness, given the complexities of human life and varying circumstances. He notes that Vedas and Smritis provide guidance, but teachings sometimes contradict each other. He wonders how to discern true righteousness, given desires, passions, and motives that influence understanding.
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361 Bhishma tells Yudhishthira about Jajali, a Brahmana who practiced severe penances but felt proud when birds he cared for flew away. A voice in the sky said he wasn't equal to Tuladhara in righteousness. Tuladhara revealed he knew Jajali's past and offered to grant him a wish.
362 Tuladhara explains his philosophy to Jajali, emphasizing universal friendliness and harmlessness towards all creatures. He sells items without cheating, and believes in cultivating compassion and kindness. Tuladhara criticizes harming animals, noting even gods are present in all living creatures, and advocates for universal harmlessness to achieve true prosperity.
363 Jajali criticizes Tuladhara's philosophy, saying it will lead to chaos. Tuladhara responds, emphasizing the importance of non-violent sacrifice and self-reflection. He believes in cultivating inner virtue, not external rituals, and advocates for compassion towards all living beings. True sacrifice is mental, not physical.
364 Tuladhara tells Jajali to observe birds returning to their nests, displaying love for their father. He emphasizes the importance of faith and non-injury, saying acts without harm are serviceable in this life and the next. Faith cleanses sins, and its absence is a high sin. Tuladhara encourages Jajali to adopt faith.
365 King Vichakhy spoke out against animal slaughter in sacrifices, praising harmlessness as the highest duty. Bhishma agreed, citing Manu's teachings on non-violence. True Brahmanas worship Vishnu with pure offerings, not tainted meat or alcohol. Yudhishthira questioned how to survive without harming others, seeking a balance between self-preservation and non-violence.
366 Yudhishthira asks Bhishma about judging when to act or abstain. Bhishma tells the story of Chirakarin, who was commanded to slay his mother. Chirakarin reflected long, considering contradictory obligations, and delayed acting. Gautama repented his command, praising Chirakarin's delay, which avoided harm and earned happiness.
367 Yudhishthira asks Bhishma how a king can protect subjects without injury. Bhishma shares the story of Dyumatsena and King Satyavat, who discuss balancing righteousness and punishment. Satyavat suggests gentle punishment, considering offence and morality, while Dyumatsena argues for harsher punishment to maintain order.
368 Yudhishthira asks Bhishma about the religion that leads to both enjoyment and emancipation. Bhishma shares the story of Kapila and the cow, discussing the authoritativeness of the Vedas and the importance of sacrifice. Both courses of duty lead to the same end, with the duties of domesticity and Yoga producing high fruits.
369 Kapila and Syumarasmi debate the nature of existence and path to emancipation. Kapila advocates for self-restraint and knowledge, while Syumarasmi argues for the importance of domestic life and sacrifice. They discuss the role of the Vedas and the complexity of Hindu philosophy, seeking understanding and spiritual enlightenment.
370 Kapila and Syumarasmi debate the path to emancipation. Kapila emphasizes knowledge and renunciation, stating acts cleanse the body, but knowledge is the highest end. He describes qualities for attaining Brahma, including sense control and forgiveness. Kapila bows to Brahma, the uncreate and prime cause of the universe.
371 Yudhishthira asks Bhishma about Religion, Profit, and Pleasure. Bhishma tells the story of Kundadhara, a Cloud who grants a Brahmana's wish for virtue over wealth. The Brahmana undergoes penances, acquires spiritual vision, and beholds thousands of kings in hell. Kundadhara forgives him, and he attains ascetic success, showcasing the power of virtue.
372 Yudhishthira asks Bhishma about the sacrifice that is ordained for virtue alone. Bhishma tells the story of Satya, a Brahmana who performed sacrifices with roots and fruits. A deer, actually Dharma, appears and asks Satya to slay him, but Satya refuses, and Dharma assists him in a non-violent sacrifice.
373 Yudhishthira asks Bhishma about sin, virtue, renunciation, and emancipation. Bhishma explains that desire and aversion lead to sin, while virtue arises from seeking the good of others. A righteous person acquires wealth and friends through righteous means and seeks renunciation and emancipation through knowledge, leading to eternal success.
374 Yudhishthira asks Bhishma about the means to achieve Emancipation. Bhishma explains that one must practice forgiveness, abandon desires, and conquer sleep, fear, and breath. Desire, aversion, and lust are to be dispelled by patience and study of truth. Contentment, benevolence, and self-control are essential for attaining Brahma.
375 Bhishma recounts the discourse between Narada and Asita-Devala. The universe is created from five essences: water, space, earth, wind, and heat. Time and the Understanding create other objects. Creatures merge into these essences. The senses perceive five properties. Jiva migrates from body to body until freed and attains Brahma.
376 Yudhishthira expresses remorse for sinful deeds and asks Bhishma how to dispel the thirst for wealth. Bhishma shares the ruler of Videhas' words: true happiness comes from disappearing desire, not wealth. Desire leads to sorrow; cast it off and apply wealth to virtuous purposes to attain tranquility.
377 Yudhishthira asks Bhishma about the source of good amidst the terror of time. Bhishma shares a story of Medhavin, who urges his father to seek virtue and truth, warning that death and decrepitude are inevitable. Medhavin advocates for non-injury and truth as the means to achieve immortality.
378 Yudhishthira asks Bhishma about attaining Brahma's place. Bhishma advises a life of Renunciation, self-control, and compassion, with a focus on inner peace and self-realization. One should be frugal, fearless, and equable, disregarding desires and injuries. This path leads to Emancipation and eternal felicity for the wise.
379 Yudhishthira asks Bhishma about achieving a life of Renunciation, free from sorrow. Bhishma cites Vritra's story, who lost prosperity but didn't grieve, having understood the cycle of birth and death. He encourages Yudhishthira to learn from Vritra and strive for Renunciation, the path to true happiness and liberation.
380 Usanas praises Vishnu's greatness. Sanatkumara arrives, worshipped by Usanas and the prince of Asuras. Sanatkumara explains that the universe rests on Vishnu, who creates and destroys all things. Vishnu cannot be obtained through scriptural lore, penances, or sacrifices, but only by restraining the senses. He is the Supreme Lord, dwelling in all creatures.
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381 Yudhishthira asks how Vritra, a virtuous Asura, was vanquished by Indra. Bhishma describes the fierce battle, where Vritra used powers of illusion and Indra relied on Yoga and Mahadeva's energy. Indra slew Vritra with his thunderbolt, and the gods and Rishis celebrated the victory.
382 Bhishma describes Vritra's symptoms as he was overtaken by Mahadeva's energy. Indra slew Vritra with his thunderbolt, but the sin of Brahmanicide pursued him. The Grandsire divided the sin into four portions, taken by Agni, trees and herbs, Apsaras, and Waters, each with a means of rescue from the sin.
383 Yudhishthira asks Bhishma about Fever's origin. Bhishma explains it arose from Mahadeva's sweat when he was angry. A being emerged, consumed Sacrifice, and pursued deities and Rishis. Brahman appeared, appointed Mahadeva a share of offerings, and Fever was distributed into various forms, including heat and diseases.
384 Janamejaya asks about Daksha's Horse-sacrifice destruction. Vaisampayana explains Daksha omitted Mahadeva, provoking Uma's rage. Mahadeva created Virabhadra, who destroyed the Sacrifice despite the gods' efforts. Daksha sought Mahadeva's protection, and he restored the destroyed articles, highlighting his power and importance in sacrifices.
385 Yudhishthira asked Bhishma for the names by which Daksha worshipped the great deity. Bhishma recounted Daksha's hymn: 'I bow to thee, O lord of all gods, destroyer of Asuras, adored by gods and Danavas. Thou art thousand-eyed, fierce-eyed, three-eyed, omnipresent, and the Cause, Effect, Action, and Instrument of all that is unreal and real. Thou art Bhava, Sarva, Rudra, and the destroyer of the triple city.' Mahadeva, pleased with Daksha's devotion, granted him boons and forgiveness.
386 Yudhishthira asks Bhishma about Adhyatma, the science of the self. Bhishma explains the five great essences, the senses, and the mind, and the three states of the Understanding: Sattwa, Rajas, and Tamas. He advises Yudhishthira to cultivate Knowledge and fortitude to attain happiness and liberation.
387 Yudhishthira asks Bhishma about preventing sorrow and death. Bhishma shares a story about Narada and Samanga, who says he knows the past, present, and future, and is therefore free from sorrow. Samanga emphasizes self-control, non-attachment, and good conduct as the path to felicity and liberation.
388 Yudhishthira asks Bhishma what is beneficial for someone ignorant of scriptural truths. Bhishma shares a story where Narada advises Galava to practice good offices, suppress enemies, and acquire Religion, Profit, and Pleasure. Narada emphasizes virtue, wisdom, and reverence, and warns against excess, pride, and self-elevation.
389 Yudhishthira asks Bhishma how to behave as a king. Bhishma shares Arishtanemi's advice to Sagara: free yourself from attachments, indulge senses, then suppress desire. Emancipation brings true felicity, attachment leads to grief. Be content with little, conquer senses, and behold the world's suffering and impermanence.
390 Yudhishthira asks Bhishma about Usanas, a celestial Rishi who helped Asuras and hindered deities. Bhishma explains that Usanas entered Kuvera's body through Yoga, took his wealth, and was swallowed by Mahadeva. He emerged from Mahadeva's urethra, gaining power but losing ability to travel to the firmament's center.
391 Yudhishthira asks Bhishma about beneficial acts. Bhishma shares King Janaka's story, where Parasara says righteousness earned through good acts is supreme. Four methods of living support oneself and others. Good and bad acts lead to corresponding fruits. Virtues like self-restraint and forgiveness achieve happiness.
392 Parasara advises using body and mind for knowledge and righteousness, avoiding sinful acts that bring sorrow. Renunciation and self-reflection are key. Righteous acts can cancel sinful ones, but require deliberation. Acts done without reflection are like water escaping from an unbaked vessel, while deliberate acts bring increasing benefits.
393 Parasara says people act for personal gain, but making gifts to distinguished people leads to merit. Protect wealth acquired by proper means. Pay off debts to gods, guests, servants, ancestors, and oneself by performing various acts. Righteousness is eternal and should not be abandoned for wealth. Humility and serving others are important.
394 Parasara advises Sudras to serve other classes, associating with good men and acquiring good qualities. Righteousness is key. A wise man avoids acts dissociated from virtue, even if advantageous. Protection, study, earning, and serving bring respect. Gifts made righteously and with reverence bring excellent fruits, leading to happiness and respect.
395 Parasara said, 'Wealth earned righteously is praiseworthy and productive of great benefits. A Brahmana can take up Kshatriya or Vaisya duties without falling from righteousness but falls if engaging in Sudra duties. Sudras may trade or practice arts when unable to serve other orders. Lust, Wrath, and Cupidity corrupted men, but Siva destroyed these Asuras, restoring righteousness. Abstain from harmful acts, seek knowledge of the Soul, and maintain virtue and wisdom to achieve auspiciousness.'"
396 Parasara discusses penances, saying attachment and aversion lead to desire for enjoyment, resulting in evil acts and destruction. Penance is essential for all, leading to heaven and happiness. Celestial beings, kings, and householders have achieved success through penance. It's necessary for all, regardless of status or circumstances.
397 Janaka asks Parasara about the origin of different colors and classes of men. Parasara explains that all men were originally Brahmanas, but fell away from penance and became different classes. He describes the duties of each order and emphasizes the importance of virtues like compassion and truthfulness.
398 Parasara advises devotion to seniors and respecting one's sire and preceptor. A Kshatriya should fight equally armed opponents, not striking the fatigued or frightened. Death at the hands of a superior or equal is laudable. The soul roves through the sky before rebirth, and ignorance is the greatest foe.
399 Janaka asks Parasara about the path to happiness and success. Parasara advises dissociation from attachments, knowledge, and harmlessness to all creatures. Sin cannot attach to a man of wisdom, and one who is free from attachments is never stained by sin. Yoga and renunciation lead to happiness and felicity in heaven.
400 Yudhishthira asks Bhishma about virtues. Bhishma narrates a story about the Sadhyas and a Swan, praising truth, self-restraint, forgiveness, and wisdom. The Swan says these virtues lead to heaven and advises against cruel speeches and revilement. Ignorance and malice prevent people from shining.
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401 Yudhishthira asks Bhishma about Sankhya and Yoga. Bhishma explains that both systems have strengths and weaknesses and recommends choosing one that suits individual inclinations. He praises Yoga's power to attain emancipation, using metaphors like fish and birds escaping nets. The path of Yoga is difficult, but perseverance leads to identification with Brahma.
402 Yudhishthira asked Bhishma about Sankhya philosophy. Bhishma explained it is faultless and emphasizes understanding existence's true nature, leading to Emancipation. It involves comprehending Sattwa, Rajas, and Tamas, recognizing self-knowledge, and detaching from worldly desires. Followers of Sankhya achieve union with the Supreme Soul, attaining immortality and escaping the birth-death cycle. This knowledge leads to the highest spiritual state, embodying the universe's essence.
403 "Yudhishthira asked about the Undeteriorating and Deteriorating. Bhishma shared the dialogue between Vasishtha and King Karala, explaining that Prakriti creates the Manifest, which is destructible, while Vishnu, the Undeteriorating, transcends them all. Through knowledge, the Indestructible becomes truly known, showing the transformation into Kshara."
404 "Vasishtha said, 'Thus, in consequence of his forgetfulness, the Soul follows ignorance and obtains thousands of bodies one after another. He attains thousands of births among intermediate orders and sometimes among the gods. From humanity, he goes to heaven and returns, sinking into hell. Though transcending attributes, the Soul invests himself with them, subjecting to happiness, misery, and diseases. The Soul sees himself practicing various duties, making gifts, or following derelictions. The deluded Soul, through Ignorance, experiences the cycle of birth, death, and rebirth, subject to good and bad acts, suffering due to attachment and ego.'"
405 Vasishtha explains that Jiva undergoes countless births and deaths due to ignorance. Like the moon, Jiva transforms and takes on various forms, but its pure essence remains constant. The soul is pure but becomes impure due to devotion to ignorance and Prakriti, leading to repeated births and association with the three attributes.
406 Janaka asks Vasishtha about the relationship between male and female, comparing it to Purusha and Prakriti. Vasishtha explains the distinction between Jiva-soul, universe, and Supreme Soul, which transcends attributes and Prakriti. The Supreme Soul is eternal, immutable, and beyond all attributes, ordaining all things.
407 Janaka asks Vasishtha to clarify Unity and multiplicity. Vasishtha explains Unity is the attribute of the Indestructible, while multiplicity is the attribute of the Destructible. He describes Yoga practices and the Sankhya philosophy, explaining the Supreme Soul presides over Prakriti and attaining tranquility and emancipation.
408 Vasishtha explains Vidya and Avidya, describing the Sankhya philosophy and the nature of Jiva. Jiva is both Indestructible and Destructible, becoming one with Brahma when it ceases to exist with Prakriti. Self-realization allows Jiva to cast off the Destructible and attain identity with the Indestructible.
409 Vasishtha explains the difference between Buddhas (Supreme Soul) and Abuddha (Jiva). Jiva, under illusion, regards itself as real and fails to understand the Supreme Soul. Self-realization allows Jiva to recognize its true nature and become one with the Supreme Soul, attaining freedom from virtue and vice.
410 A Rishi advised King Vasuman to pursue righteousness, abstain from harming creatures, and acquire wealth through righteous means. He stressed considering time, place, and character in determining what is righteous and cultivating good thoughts, patience, intelligence, and firmness. Vasuman turned his mind towards righteousness, inspired by the Rishi's words.
411 Yudhishthira asks Bhishma about the nature of reality. Bhishma recounts Yajnavalkya's discourse to Janaka, explaining eight principles of Prakriti and sixteen modifications, including senses, elements, and mind. He describes nine kinds of creation and twenty-four principles, explaining the nature of reality according to scripture.
412 Yajnavalkya explains the duration of time, stating that a day and night of Brahma last 10,000 Kalpas. Brahma creates herbs, plants, and the Earth, and places the sky between Heaven and Earth. The Mind leads the Senses, and their activity ceases when the Mind is still. The Mind is the Lord of the Senses.
413 Yajnavalkya describes the destruction of the universe by Brahman, who creates and destroys all objects. Maharudra, in the form of Surya, consumes all beings, and the elements are destroyed in a sequence. Sambhu, the Supreme Effulgence, swallows up the Mahat-soul, and what remains is the Undecaying and Immutable.
414 Yajnavalkya explains Adhyatma, Adhibhuta, and Adhidaivata, relating to the body and its functions. He describes the three attributes of Prakriti - Sattwa, Rajas, and Tamas - and their corresponding qualities, including virtues like patience and compassion, and vices like pride and lust.
415 Yajnavalkya explains the three attributes of Prakriti and their intermixture, determining the nature of beings. He describes the Unmanifest Purusha's various forms and the attainment of superior birth and eternal life. Janaka seeks further knowledge on Prakriti, Purusha, and the religion of Emancipation, including the Sankhya and Yoga systems.
416 Yajnavalkya explains Purusha's association with attributes and Prakriti. He uses analogies to show their distinctness, warning that misunderstanding will lead to hell. He has explained Sankhya philosophy, which leads to emancipation, and will now discuss the Yogins' science.
417 Yajnavalkya explains the science of Yoga, equivalent to Sankhya philosophy. He describes two types of Yoga practices, regulating breath and senses, and concentrating the mind. The goal is to contemplate the eternal, immutable Supreme Soul, and attain Emancipation after casting off the physical body.
418 Yajnavalkya describes the soul's journey after death, depending on the body part it escapes from. He explains premonitory signs of death and advises uniting with the Supreme Soul through Samadhi to conquer death. A life of abstinence and focus on the Supreme Soul leads to immortality.
419 Yajnavalkya obtained the Yajushes from Surya, who commanded Saraswati to enter his body. Overcome by the energy, Yajnavalkya plunged into a stream. Surya assured him the burning sensation would soon cease. Once eased, Yajnavalkya received the Vedas, Upanishads, and Satapathas by inward light. His understanding then turned towards Emancipation.
420 Yudhishthira asks Bhishma how to avoid death. Bhishma shares a story where Janaka asks Panchasikha a similar question. Panchasikha replies that nothing can prevent decrepitude and death, but one can transcend them by following the eternal path of Nivritti, abstaining from all acts.
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421 Yudhishthira asked about Emancipation within domestic life. Bhishma recounted Janaka and Sulabha's discourse. Janaka, practicing Renunciation, met Sulabha, a mendicant testing his Emancipation. She entered his mind using Yoga. Janaka demonstrated his detachment. Sulabha criticized his attachment to royal duties. Janaka defended true Emancipation through knowledge and renunciation. Sulabha acknowledged his hospitality and noble lineage, departing the next morning.
422 Bhishma replied, "Vyasa, seeing his son Suka living fearlessly, taught him the Vedas and said: 'O son, master your senses, endure cold, heat, hunger, and thirst, and practice righteousness. Observe truth, sincerity, and self-restraint. Your body is transient, like froth on water. The Jiva-soul sits unattached like a bird on a tree. Life is short, and foes are ever watchful. Why be heedless? Seek preceptors, avoid misguided men, and set your heart on the next world.'"
423 Yudhishthira asks Bhishma about the efficacy of gifts and penances. Bhishma explains that evil thoughts lead to sinful acts, causing distress, while faith and devotion lead to joy. One's actions follow them, influencing future experiences. Time drags all creatures along, manifesting past actions at the proper time.
424 Yudhishthira asks Bhishma about Suka, son of Vyasa, and his path to success. Bhishma explains that Vyasa's penances and union with the Supreme Soul led to Suka's birth. Vyasa practiced austerities for a hundred years, and Mahadeva granted him a son with elemental puissance.
425 Bhishma tells the story of Suka's birth from Vyasa's vital seed, born with divine gifts and celebrated by gods and Rishis. Suka studies Vedas, selects Vrihaspati as preceptor, and practices severe penances, earning respect in childhood. He focuses on the religion of Emancipation, shunning domestic life.
426 Suka seeks knowledge of Emancipation from his father Vyasa, who instructs him to visit King Janaka of Mithila. Suka travels on foot, observing nature without attachment, and meets King Janaka's damsels, who try to entertain him. However, Suka remains focused on Yoga, unaffected by distractions.
427 King Janaka welcomes Suka, who seeks knowledge of Emancipation. Janaka explains the duties of a Brahmana, including Vedic study and penances. Suka asks if the three modes of life are necessary for Emancipation. Janaka emphasizes the importance of a cleansed understanding and transcending worldly attachments.
428 Suka, after hearing King Janaka's words, meditated and went to the mountains of Himavat, where his father Vyasa was dwelling with his disciples. Vyasa was pleased to see Suka and heard about his conversation with King Janaka. The disciples requested a boon, seeking exclusivity in their knowledge.
429 Vyasa's disciples sought permission to leave, and he warned them to be heedful as the Vedas are liable to be misunderstood. After they left, Narada visited Vyasa and asked why the Vedic sounds were silent. Vyasa and Suka recited the Vedas, but a violent wind arose, prompting Vyasa to suspend the recitation.
430 Narada visited Suka, who was studying scriptures, and asked him to share his wisdom. Suka replied that knowledge is the highest eye, renunciation is best, and self-control is essential. Attachment leads to sorrow, and one should restrain desire and wrath. Compassion, forgiveness, and self-knowledge are essential for spiritual growth.
431 Narada said, "Listen to these scriptures, which bring tranquility and happiness. Don't grieve over the past, as it cannot be changed. Think of the faults in things you're attached to and regard them as evil. Men of wisdom don't shed tears. Seek contentment, which is the highest happiness. Combinations end in dissolution."
432 Narada said, "Transitions of happiness and sorrow are inevitable. Protect yourself from decrepitude, death, and disease. Days and nights run ceaselessly, bearing away life. Vital seed produces embryos, sometimes succeeding, sometimes failing. Ascribe it to man's faults. Cast off righteousness and sin, and use Yoga to attain felicity."
433 Suka, Vyasa's son, sat on a mountain summit and began his Yoga practice. He transcended space, circumambulated Narada, and soared into the sky, traversing with the speed of wind or thought. All creatures gazed in wonder, and the denizens of heaven rained celestial flowers. Apsaras and Gandharvas were filled with wonder.
434 Suka, a regenerate Rishi, cast off faults and attributes, dwelling in Brahma like a smokeless fire. He pierced through two summits, causing a loud noise in heaven. Adored by Gandharvas and Rishis, he attained the highest station. His sire Vyasa lamented, and Mahadeva consoled him, saying Suka's fame would endure.
435 Yudhishthira asked Bhishma about the deity for success, heaven, and emancipation. Bhishma narrated Narada's discourse with Narayana, who explained that the minute, inconceivable Soul (Kshetrajna) is the ultimate reality, source of all creation, and the essence of all beings. Worshiping it leads to emancipation and the highest end.
436 Bhishma narrated Narada's discourse with Narayana, where Narada sought to know the universe's secrets. Narayana explained the White Island's denizens have no senses, don't eat, and are sinless. King Uparichara, a Narayana devotee, ruled righteously and followed the Sattwata ritual, composing a treatise on duties and observances.
437 King Uparichara, a Narayana devotee, performed a horse sacrifice without animal slaughter. Vrihaspati, the Hota, was angry when Narayana accepted offerings invisibly. Ekata, Dwita, and Trita calmed him, sharing their own experience of attempting to behold Narayana on the White Island, where they underwent severe austerities.
438 King Vasu, a Narayana devotee, fell from heaven due to a curse from Rishis for supporting animal sacrifices. Gods protected him, and he continued to worship Narayana, eventually regaining his celestial form and ascending to Brahman's region. His devotion to Narayana helped him escape the curse.
439 Narada arrived at White Island, worshipping the white men who were Narayana's devotees. He recited hymns and mantras, standing in Yoga, and sang a hymn to Narayana, addressing Him by various names and attributes, praising His role as creator, sustainer, and destroyer, and seeking to behold Him.
440 Narada worshipped Narayana's devotees on White Island, reciting hymns. He praised Narayana as the creator, sustainer, and destroyer, and sought to behold Him. With devotion, Narada sang a hymn, addressing Narayana by various names and attributes, seeking a glimpse of the divine.
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441 "Narayana, the Supreme Soul, is both doer and enjoyer of sacrifices. Brahman and other deities, embracing actions and penances, adore Him. The Vedas, sacrifices, and observances were created to sustain the universe. Deities draw strength from sacrifices performed by humans, ensuring the world's balance and order."
442 Janamejaya asked Vaisampayana to explain the diverse names of Hari. Kesava explained that the names relate to His attributes and acts, and are mentioned in the Vedas and Puranas. He is the Supreme Soul, universe, and source of all creatures, identifiable with Sattwa, Rajas, and Tamas, and the creator and destroyer of the universe.
443 Arjuna asked, "How did Agni and Shoma attain uniformity in their original nature?" Krishna replied, "When four thousand celestial Yugas elapse, the universe dissolves into an infinite expanse of water. From this unmanifest Brahman, Hari emerges, creating Brahma. Desiring to create beings, Brahma causes Agni and Shoma to spring from his eyes. The Brahmanas originated from Shoma, and the Kshatriyas from Agni. Brahmanas perform sacrifices that strengthen the deities. Agni, as the Hotri, performs sacrifices, while Brahmanas uphold the universe through their rituals. Hence, the harmony between Agni and Shoma signifies the divine order maintained through sacrifices and duties."
444 Saunaka asked Sauti about the narrative of Narayana, which is more fruitful than visiting sacred retreats. Narada proceeded to Vadari to meet Nara and Narayana, who were engaged in austerities. Janamejaya asked Vyasa about Narada's journey and conversation with Nara and Narayana, who were born in the race of Dharma.
445 Nara and Narayana praised Narada for beholding Narayana, a feat even Brahma couldn't achieve. They explained that Narayana is the origin of the universe's attributes, including forgiveness, taste, heat, light, touch, sound, and mind. They described the path of the emancipated and praised Narada's devotion to Narayana.
446 Narada performed rites in honor of the deities and Pitris, worshipping Vishnu as instructed by Nara. Nara and Narayana explained that Vishnu created the Pitris as a boar, raising the Earth and dedicating three balls of mud to himself. These Pitris receive worship offered by all, equal to worshipping Vishnu.
447 Narada became devoted to Narayana after hearing Nara and Narayana's words. Vyasa, the son of Gandhavati, recited this discourse on Narayana's glory, which is the highest and immutable. Vishnu is the soul of all beings, and hating him is hating one's own self. May Narayana be your refuge.
448 Janamejaya asked about Vishnu's horse-head form, seen by Brahma on the northern ocean shore. Vaisampayana explained that Narayana, the supreme Lord, creates and destroys the universe in cycles. He assumed a horse-head form to recover the Vedas stolen by Madhu and Kaitabha, and restored them to Brahma.
449 Vaisampayana explained the religion of devotion, dear to Narayana, which was first promulgated by Narayana himself in the Krita age. It was transmitted through Rishis and gods, including Brahma and Rudra. This religion is difficult to comprehend and practice, but it leads to emancipation and understanding Narayana.
450 Janamejaya asked Vaisampayana about different systems of knowledge and religion. Vaisampayana explained that Narayana created Brahma, who created the universe. Narayana created diverse forms to uphold the righteous and created a Rishi to distribute the Vedas. Vyasa, a portion of Narayana, had the power to see past, present, and future.
451 Janamejaya asked about Purushas. Vaisampayana explained that Sankhya and Yoga propose multiple Purushas, but ultimately, there is one supreme Purusha. Brahma meditated on this infinite Purusha, the source of all things, identical with the universe. Multiple Purushas exist, but can merge into the supreme, eternal Purusha.
452 Brahma explained that the supreme Purusha is eternal, immutable, and immeasurable, pervading all things. He is the inner soul, the all-seeing Witness, and the universe is His display. He is Narayana, unaffected by actions, and the ultimate reality beyond human intellect and dualities.
453 Vaisampayana told king Janamejaya about a conversation between Yudhishthira and Bhishma. Yudhishthira asked about duties of different modes of life, and Bhishma shared a story told by Narada to Indra. Narada's story was about duties leading to emancipation, and Vaisampayana retold it to share that wisdom.
454 A Brahmana in Mahapadma was troubled by doubts about his duties. He met a guest, another Brahmana, and shared his concerns. The guest was also confused, but shared his observations about various paths to heaven, including sacrifices, self-restraint, and compassion. Their conversation sparked a thoughtful discussion about duty and emancipation.
455 The guest told the Brahmana to seek guidance from Padmanabha, a virtuous Naga in the city of Naimisha. Padmanabha is intelligent, well-versed in scriptures, and devoted to Vedic studies. He performs sacrifices, makes gifts, and practises forgiveness. He is truthful, kind, and self-controlled, and will show the highest religion.
456 The host replied, "Your words bring me comfort, like a heavy load lifted. It's like finding rest after a long journey, or quenching thirst with cool water. I'm filled with joy and will do as you say. Stay with me tonight and let's discuss renunciation." They passed the night in cheerful conversation.
457 The Brahmana arrived at the Naga's house, proclaiming, "I am a Brahmana, come as a guest!" The Naga's wife welcomed him, worshiped him with due rites, and asked about his journey. He expressed his desire to see the Naga, who was away dragging Surya's car for a month.
458 The Nagas, distressed by the Brahmana's fasting, sent kinsmen to persuade him to eat. They offered worship and food, saying, "Accept our hospitality - roots, fruits, leaves, water, rice, or meat." The Brahmana replied, "Wait eight days for the Naga chief's return, then I will break my fast."
459 The Naga chief, Padmanabha, returned home after 15 days. His wife greeted him and said, "A Brahmana arrived 15 days ago, awaiting your return. I promised to send you to him. He has taken a vow to recite the Vedas on the Gomati's banks. Please grant him his wish."
460 The Naga chief asked his wife about the Brahmana, doubting if a human could see him. She described the Brahmana as simple and candid, eager to meet him. She persuaded the Naga to see him, warning that refusing a guest would incur sin. He agreed, realizing wrath can lead to destruction.
461 The Naga chief met the Brahmana, Dharmaranya, who had been waiting to see him. The Brahmana sought to attain the Supreme Soul, beyond attachment and detachment. He asked the Naga to answer a question before revealing his purpose. The Naga agreed, praising the Brahmana's piety and devotion to the good of all.
462 The Naga described wonders he saw while dragging the sun's chariot. A being with equal effulgence came towards the sun, rending the firmament, and merged into the sun's disc. The Naga was confounded, unable to distinguish the original sun from the newcomer. He asked the sun, "Who is this being?"
463 Surya said, "The Being is a Brahmana who attained heaven through the Unccha vow. He subsisted on fruits and leaves, pleasing Mahadeva with constant recitation. Devoted to all creatures' welfare, he surpassed deities and others. His success is an excellent end, and he still goes around the Earth, staying in my disc."
464 Missing
465 The Brahmana thanked the Naga and prepared to leave, but was asked to stay and share his purpose. He sought guidance on attaining righteousness and was inspired by the Naga's story. He decided to follow the Unccha vow and sought blessings. The Naga and Brahmana bid each other farewell.
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1 Bhishma tells Yudhishthira a story about Gautami and a fowler, Arjunaka, who wants to kill a serpent that bit her son. Gautami convinces him to spare its life, and Mrityu and Kala appear, explaining that all beings are subject to their own karma and the forces of time.
2 Yudhishthira asks Bhishma about a householder who conquered Death through virtue. Bhishma tells the story of Sudarsana, son of Agni, who took a vow to conquer Death. Sudarsana honors a Brahmana guest, dedicating his life and possessions, and is rewarded by conquering Death and attaining all worlds.
3 Yudhishthira asks Bhishma how Viswamitra, a Kshatriya, attained Brahmanahood. He notes Viswamitra's achievements and asks how he became a Brahmana without taking another birth. Bhishma begins the story, saying Viswamitra's transformation was due to austere penances and devotion, and promises to relate the details.
4 Bhishma tells Yudhishthira about Viswamitra's birth. Richika's son Jamadagni is born to Satyavati, while Viswamitra, a Kshatriya, is born to Gadhi's wife. Despite being a Kshatriya, Viswamitra becomes a Brahmana through penance and founds a Brahmana race. Bhishma lists Viswamitra's many sons, who start various Brahmana clans.
5 Yudhishthira asks Bhishma about compassion and devoutness. Bhishma tells the story of a parrot who refuses to leave a withered tree where it was born and raised. Indra, impressed by the parrot's compassion, revives the tree with nectar. Bhishma concludes that communion with the pious can lead to attaining desires.
6 Yudhishthira asks Bhishma about Exertion and Destiny. Brahma tells Vasishtha that both are necessary, but Exertion is more important. He uses the seed and soil analogy, saying Destiny needs Exertion to grow. Examples from gods and humans show Exertion leads to happiness and prosperity, while Destiny alone is insufficient.
7 Yudhishthira asks Bhishma about the fruits of good deeds. Bhishma explains that actions have consequences, and describes various sacrifices and renunciations that lead to desirable outcomes. He highlights the importance of truth, nobility, and virtue, and notes that desire is hard to conquer. The Kuru princes are filled with wonder and joy.
8 Yudhishthira asks Bhishma who deserves worship. Bhishma reveres knowledgeable, self-controlled Brahmanas and those who respect and serve them. He values Brahmanas above family, hoping to attain felicity through devotion. Bhishma advises protecting and worshipping Brahmanas like sires, warning against angering them due to their potent penances.
9 Yudhishthira asks about those who promise gifts to Brahmanas but don't deliver. Bhishma says their hopes become fruitless, good deeds nullified. Scripturally, they can be cleansed by giving away dark-eared horses. He shares a story of a jackal and ape who suffered due to similar past sins.
10 Yudhishthira asks Bhishma about imparting instructions to someone of low birth. Bhishma shares a story of a Sudra who sought instruction from a Rishi, leading to their rebirth as king and priest. The king reveals their past lives, and the priest, realizing his mistake, seeks to regain a superior birth.
11 Yudhishthira asks Bhishma about the goddess of prosperity's abode. She resides with the eloquent, active, and grateful, who worship deities and control their passions. She avoids the inattentive, unbelieving, and cruel. She favors duty-bound individuals and resides in various things, ultimately abiding in Narayana, who embodies righteousness.
12 Yudhishthira asks Bhishma which gender derives more pleasure from sex. Bhishma shares the story of King Bhangaswana, transformed into a woman by Indra. The king chooses to revive their sons born as a woman, citing greater affection due to increased pleasure in sexual union, and ultimately decides to remain a woman.
13 Yudhishthira asks Bhishma how to live a pleasant life. Bhishma advises avoiding harmful acts: destroying life, theft, adultery, evil conversation, harsh words, gossiping, falsehood, coveting, harming others, and disbelieving the Vedas. He stresses the importance of avoiding evil in thought, word, and deed, as every action has consequences.
14 Yudhishthira asked Bhishma to describe the names and powers of Mahadeva. Bhishma, acknowledging his own limitations, praised Mahadeva's omnipresence and supremacy, noting his role as the indestructible Supreme Brahman. He emphasized Mahadeva's mastery over creation and destruction and his worship by deities, Rishis, and creatures. Bhishma suggested that only Krishna could truly describe Mahadeva's attributes. Krishna praised Mahadeva's immeasurable power, sharing his own experiences and penances undertaken to please the deity. Ultimately, Bhishma acknowledged that Mahadeva's virtues and actions are beyond full comprehension.
15 Krishna bowed to the deity and asked for various boons, including virtue, fame, and devotion to Yoga. The deity granted these and offered additional ones through his spouse, Uma. Krishna asked for non-anger, his father's grace, and a hundred sons, among other things. Uma granted these and promised more.
16 Tandi, a Rishi, meditated for 10,000 years and beheld Mahadeva. He praised the deity, describing him as the supreme soul, creator, and destroyer. Mahadeva granted Tandi boons, including indestructibility and spiritual knowledge. The Grandsire Brahma had previously recited 10,000 names of Mahadeva, which Tandi learned and passed on.
17 Vasudeva said, 'Upamanyu uttered an abstract of Mahadeva's names, celebrated across worlds.' Upamanyu said, 'I adore the Deity with names derived from Vedic lore, leading to heaven, conferring benefits, and cleansing sins. These names possess the merit of the four Vedas, and should be comprehended by spiritual aspirants.'
18 Vasudeva said, "Recite Mahadeva's thousand and eight names, and let Maheswara be gratified." Rishis shared their experiences: Valmiki was cleansed of sin, Jamadagni obtained a battle-axe, and Viswamitra became a Brahmana. Vasudeva said, "Mahadeva granted me boons, making me dear to all." Devotion to Mahadeva leads to emancipation.
19 Yudhishthira asked about the origin of joint duties with one's spouse. Bhishma told the story of Ashtavakra, who met a beautiful female ascetic, Suprabha, who was actually an old lady, Disa, under a curse. Ashtavakra saw beyond her appearance, and Disa revealed her true form, testing his virtue.
20 Bhishma continued the story of Ashtavakra and the lady. She served him with devotion, but he refused her advances, citing his vow of celibacy. The lady offered to marry him, but Ashtavakra hesitated, unsure if it would align with the Rishi Vadanya's wishes. He was perplexed by her transformation.
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21 Bhishma continued the story of Ashtavakra and the lady. She served him with devotion, rubbing his body with fragrant oil and washing him with soft hands. The Rishi was surprised by the passing of time and the lady's transformation. He refused her advances, citing his vow of celibacy, and she argued that she was her own mistress.
22 Yudhishthira asked Bhishma about proper gift recipients. Bhishma said gifts should go to Brahmanas who follow their duties, regardless of symbols. Devotion and self-restraint are key. Even unclean persons can be cleansed by devotion. Proper Brahmanas have qualities like purity, compassion, and truthfulness. Selecting the right recipient is crucial.
23 Yudhishthira asked Bhishma about Sraddha ordinances. Bhishma explained that acts for deities should be done in the morning, and those for ancestors in the afternoon. He listed unworthy Brahmanas, including outcastes and those with certain occupations. Worthy Brahmanas include those who follow scriptural rites and possess merit.
24 Yudhishthira asked Bhishma how one can be guilty of Brahmanicide without killing a Brahmana. Bhishma shared Vyasa's answer: refusing alms to a righteous Brahmana, destroying their livelihood, obstructing thirsty kine, or finding fault with the Srutis without studying them. These actions are equivalent to slaying a Brahmana.
25 Yudhishthira asked Bhishma about the merits of bathing in sacred waters. Bhishma shared Angiras' enumeration, listing rivers, lakes, and tirthas that grant merit, cleanse sins, and lead to heaven. Specific benefits are mentioned, including good character, celestial cars, and joy. Restraint and vows are emphasized.
26 Yudhishthira asked Bhishma about Sraddha ordinances. Bhishma explained that acts for deities should be done in the morning, and those for ancestors in the afternoon. He listed unworthy Brahmanas, including outcastes and those with certain diseases, and emphasized that wealth acquired through foul means should not be used.
27 Yudhishthira asked Bhishma how someone from a lower caste could become a Brahmana. Bhishma shared the story of Matanga, who was born to a Brahmana mother and Sudra father. Despite severe penances, Matanga was told he could never be a Brahmana. Bhishma emphasized that birth determines one's caste and status.
28 Bhishma continued the story of Matanga, who stood on one foot for 100 years, despite Indra's warnings. Indra reappeared, urging Matanga to give up his quest for Brahmana status, as it was impossible for one born as a Chandala. He described the gradual process of reincarnation into higher castes.
29 Matanga refused to give up his quest for Brahmana status, practicing severe penances for thousands of years. Indra appeared again, offering him another boon, but Matanga lamented his fate, feeling unfairly denied the status despite his righteousness. Indra granted him new powers, and Matanga attained a high place.
30 Yudhishthira asked Bhishma about Vitahavya, who acquired Brahmana status. Bhishma told the story of Vitahavya's defeat and his refuge with Bhrigu, who declared him a Brahmana. Vitahavya's son Gritsamada was a great sage, and his descendants included many notable Brahmanas, demonstrating that spiritual merit can transcend social hierarchy.
31 Yudhishthira asked Bhishma who deserves reverence. Bhishma cited Narada's discourse with Vasudeva, describing worthy Brahmanas: those devoted to deities, penances, Vedic knowledge, and righteousness. Narada worships those who are forgiving, self-restrained, and compassionate, and advises worshiping them to attain happiness and cross calamities.
32 Bhishma told Yudhishthira about King Vrishadarbha, who protected a pigeon from a hawk, even cutting off his own flesh to match the pigeon's weight. The gods took the king to eternal Heaven, impressed by his righteousness. Bhishma advised Yudhishthira to similarly protect seekers of refuge and be righteous.
33 Bhishma told Yudhishthira that worshipping Brahmanas is a king's foremost act. Brahmanas are capable of great good or harm, and their wrath can consume a kingdom. Calumniating them leads to destruction, and their absence has caused tribes to fall. Brahmanicide is a heinous sin, and quarreling with them brings unhappiness.
34 Bhishma emphasized the importance of worshipping Brahmanas, who confer happiness or misery. They should be cherished like sires and grandsires. Brahmanas know the path to Heaven and the universe's origin and end. Serving them leads to prosperity, fame, and knowledge, and brings victory and high benefits.
35 Bhishma praised Brahmanas as objects of adoration, friends of all creatures, and mouths of the deities. He quoted ancient verses ordaining their duties and warned that disregarding them leads to downfall. Cultivating their goodwill is crucial for successful rule and sovereignty. They are high-souled and deserving of worship and service.
36 Bhishma shared the story of Sakra and Samvara to illustrate the importance of respecting Brahmanas. Samvara attributed his success to revering Brahmanas, seeking their knowledge, and worshiping them. He believed their interpretations are like nectar and accepted their words with reverence, leading to his success and Sakra's subsequent chiefdom.
37 Yudhishthira asked Bhishma about the best person to give gifts to. Bhishma replied that all are equal, but eligibility depends on character and circumstances. He advised examining qualities like learning, modesty, and self-restraint before making a gift, and emphasized supporting society and paying off debts to others.
38 Yudhishthira asked Bhishma about women's disposition. Bhishma shared a story where Narada asked Panchachuda, a celestial courtezan, to discuss women's nature. She described women as prone to transgression, restless, and never satisfied with men, comparing them to fire, ocean, and the destroyer.
39 Yudhishthira asks Bhishma why men are attracted to women despite their faults. He questions who women favor and how men can protect them, citing their deceptive nature and skill in manipulation. He doubts whether women can be restrained within scriptural bounds, seeking Bhishma's wisdom on the matter.
40 Bhishma tells Yudhishthira about Vipula, who protected his preceptor's wife Ruchi from Indra's advances. Devasarman warned Vipula that Indra can assume many forms, so Vipula used yoga to enter Ruchi's body and protect her from within. He stayed there until Devasarman returned, successfully protecting Ruchi.
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21 Bhishma continued the story of Ashtavakra and the lady. She served him with devotion, rubbing his body with fragrant oil and washing him with soft hands. The Rishi was surprised by the passing of time and the lady's transformation. He refused her advances, citing his vow of celibacy, and she argued that she was her own mistress.
22 Yudhishthira asked Bhishma about proper gift recipients. Bhishma said gifts should go to Brahmanas who follow their duties, regardless of symbols. Devotion and self-restraint are key. Even unclean persons can be cleansed by devotion. Proper Brahmanas have qualities like purity, compassion, and truthfulness. Selecting the right recipient is crucial.
23 Yudhishthira asked Bhishma about Sraddha ordinances. Bhishma explained that acts for deities should be done in the morning, and those for ancestors in the afternoon. He listed unworthy Brahmanas, including outcastes and those with certain occupations. Worthy Brahmanas include those who follow scriptural rites and possess merit.
24 Yudhishthira asked Bhishma how one can be guilty of Brahmanicide without killing a Brahmana. Bhishma shared Vyasa's answer: refusing alms to a righteous Brahmana, destroying their livelihood, obstructing thirsty kine, or finding fault with the Srutis without studying them. These actions are equivalent to slaying a Brahmana.
25 Yudhishthira asked Bhishma about the merits of bathing in sacred waters. Bhishma shared Angiras' enumeration, listing rivers, lakes, and tirthas that grant merit, cleanse sins, and lead to heaven. Specific benefits are mentioned, including good character, celestial cars, and joy. Restraint and vows are emphasized.
26 Yudhishthira asked Bhishma about Sraddha ordinances. Bhishma explained that acts for deities should be done in the morning, and those for ancestors in the afternoon. He listed unworthy Brahmanas, including outcastes and those with certain diseases, and emphasized that wealth acquired through foul means should not be used.
27 Yudhishthira asked Bhishma how someone from a lower caste could become a Brahmana. Bhishma shared the story of Matanga, who was born to a Brahmana mother and Sudra father. Despite severe penances, Matanga was told he could never be a Brahmana. Bhishma emphasized that birth determines one's caste and status.
28 Bhishma continued the story of Matanga, who stood on one foot for 100 years, despite Indra's warnings. Indra reappeared, urging Matanga to give up his quest for Brahmana status, as it was impossible for one born as a Chandala. He described the gradual process of reincarnation into higher castes.
29 Matanga refused to give up his quest for Brahmana status, practicing severe penances for thousands of years. Indra appeared again, offering him another boon, but Matanga lamented his fate, feeling unfairly denied the status despite his righteousness. Indra granted him new powers, and Matanga attained a high place.
30 Yudhishthira asked Bhishma about Vitahavya, who acquired Brahmana status. Bhishma told the story of Vitahavya's defeat and his refuge with Bhrigu, who declared him a Brahmana. Vitahavya's son Gritsamada was a great sage, and his descendants included many notable Brahmanas, demonstrating that spiritual merit can transcend social hierarchy.
31 Yudhishthira asked Bhishma who deserves reverence. Bhishma cited Narada's discourse with Vasudeva, describing worthy Brahmanas: those devoted to deities, penances, Vedic knowledge, and righteousness. Narada worships those who are forgiving, self-restrained, and compassionate, and advises worshiping them to attain happiness and cross calamities.
32 Bhishma told Yudhishthira about King Vrishadarbha, who protected a pigeon from a hawk, even cutting off his own flesh to match the pigeon's weight. The gods took the king to eternal Heaven, impressed by his righteousness. Bhishma advised Yudhishthira to similarly protect seekers of refuge and be righteous.
33 Bhishma told Yudhishthira that worshipping Brahmanas is a king's foremost act. Brahmanas are capable of great good or harm, and their wrath can consume a kingdom. Calumniating them leads to destruction, and their absence has caused tribes to fall. Brahmanicide is a heinous sin, and quarreling with them brings unhappiness.
34 Bhishma emphasized the importance of worshipping Brahmanas, who confer happiness or misery. They should be cherished like sires and grandsires. Brahmanas know the path to Heaven and the universe's origin and end. Serving them leads to prosperity, fame, and knowledge, and brings victory and high benefits.
35 Bhishma praised Brahmanas as objects of adoration, friends of all creatures, and mouths of the deities. He quoted ancient verses ordaining their duties and warned that disregarding them leads to downfall. Cultivating their goodwill is crucial for successful rule and sovereignty. They are high-souled and deserving of worship and service.
36 Bhishma shared the story of Sakra and Samvara to illustrate the importance of respecting Brahmanas. Samvara attributed his success to revering Brahmanas, seeking their knowledge, and worshiping them. He believed their interpretations are like nectar and accepted their words with reverence, leading to his success and Sakra's subsequent chiefdom.
37 Yudhishthira asked Bhishma about the best person to give gifts to. Bhishma replied that all are equal, but eligibility depends on character and circumstances. He advised examining qualities like learning, modesty, and self-restraint before making a gift, and emphasized supporting society and paying off debts to others.
38 Yudhishthira asked Bhishma about women's disposition. Bhishma shared a story where Narada asked Panchachuda, a celestial courtezan, to discuss women's nature. She described women as prone to transgression, restless, and never satisfied with men, comparing them to fire, ocean, and the destroyer.
39 Yudhishthira asks Bhishma why men are attracted to women despite their faults. He questions who women favor and how men can protect them, citing their deceptive nature and skill in manipulation. He doubts whether women can be restrained within scriptural bounds, seeking Bhishma's wisdom on the matter.
40 Bhishma tells Yudhishthira about Vipula, who protected his preceptor's wife Ruchi from Indra's advances. Devasarman warned Vipula that Indra can assume many forms, so Vipula used yoga to enter Ruchi's body and protect her from within. He stayed there until Devasarman returned, successfully protecting Ruchi.
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41 Indra, disguised as a handsome man, tries to seduce Ruchi, but Vipula, her husband's disciple, has entered her body through yoga and protects her. Vipula scolds Indra, reminding him of a previous curse, and threatens to burn him to ashes if he tries again. Ashamed, Indra flees.
42 Vipula, proud of his ascetic merit, wanders the earth. His preceptor asks him to fetch celestial flowers for his sister-in-law. On his way back, Vipula encounters disputing couples taking oaths referencing his end in the next world. He reflects on his past, remembering he didn't tell his preceptor the truth.
43 Devasarman praises Vipula for protecting his wife from Indra's advances, despite not telling him the whole truth. He notes women are fierce and unpredictable, like Atharvan incantations, and men should not be too attached. Only Vipula has succeeded in protecting women, and he will go to heaven.
44 Bhishma advises Yudhishthira on bestowing a daughter in marriage, considering the bridegroom's conduct, learning, birth, and actions. He describes different types of marriage and emphasizes the importance of the girl's consent and eligibility. The engagement made with Mantras is sacred, and dowry doesn't create the status of wife.
45 Bhishma advises Yudhishthira on inheritance and marriage, citing King Janaka's grandson. A daughter is like a son and should inherit wealth. Selling a child or accepting a dowry is sinful and leads to hell. The son and daughter's son have equal inheritance rights, unless the daughter is sold by her father.
46 Bhishma quotes Daksha, saying a maiden not sold for a dowry should be treated with respect and kindness. Women deserve honor and worship, and their protection is necessary. Mann says women are weak and should be protected. Honoring women brings prosperity and happiness.
47 Bhishma explains inheritance rules to Yudhishthira. A Brahmana's son by a Brahmana wife gets four shares, Kshatriya wife three, Vaisya wife two, and Sudra wife one (if given by the father). Eldest sons get an additional share. Spouses from the same order are prioritized, with younger sons getting smaller shares.
48 Yudhishthira asks about duties of mixed-caste individuals. Bhishma explains that intermixture occurs due to wealth, lust, or ignorance, resulting in inferior status. He describes various mixed castes and their occupations, noting that scriptures only lay down duties for the four principal orders. Virtues and assisting others can bring success.
49 Bhishma explains to Yudhishthira that a person's birth and disposition are determined by their actions, not just origin. He describes types of sons, including irregular unions, and notes that status can be raised by actions. Categories include Apadhwansajas, Apasadas, and "made sons" who belong to their rearer's order.
50 Yudhishthira asks about compassion and blessedness. Bhishma tells the story of Rishi Chyavana, who lived in the water for 12 years, inspiring trust in creatures. Fishermen enmeshed him with fish, and he asked to be sold with them, showing compassion. This compassion comes from living in companionship with others.
51 King Nahusha finds Rishi Chyavana enmeshed with fish. Chyavana asks to be sold with them, showing compassion. Nahusha offers to pay, but Chyavana says he can't be bought with coins or half the kingdom. An ascetic suggests a cow as the proper price, and Chyavana agrees, praising kine's glory.
52 Yudhishthira asks about Rama's birth and how he became a Kshatriya despite being born to a Brahmana family. Bhishma explains that Chyavana, a descendant of Bhrigu, had a vision of a stain affecting his race and went to King Kusika, asking to reside with him and testing his devotion.
53 Yudhishthira asks about the king and queen's actions after the Rishi disappeared. Bhishma explains they returned to their palace, still devoted. They served the Rishi when he reappeared, rubbing his body with oil and bringing food despite their hunger. The Rishi tested their devotion, eventually restoring their youth and beauty.
54 King Kusika and his wife approached the Rishi's golden mansion, surrounded by beautiful gardens and lakes. They saw wonders, including talking parrots and Apsaras, and heard melodious music. The king wondered if he had attained heaven or was dreaming. The Rishi disappeared and reappeared, amazing the king and queen.
55 Chyavana offers King Kusika a boon, explaining his motives. He tested the king, pleased with his service, and spared him. Chyavana created a heavenly forest to demonstrate the reward of penances. He promises the king's grandson will be a powerful ascetic and his race will attain Brahmanahood.
56 Chyavana explains a prophecy: Kshatriyas will slay Bhrigu's descendants, but a survivor, Urva, will have a son, Richika, who will receive the science of arms to exterminate Kshatriyas. Richika's son, Jamadagni, will marry into the king's race, producing Viswamitra, a Kshatriya with Brahmana virtues.
57 Yudhishthira feels remorse for the war's devastation. Bhishma advises him on the rewards of penances, gifts, and good deeds, leading to heaven, wealth, knowledge, health, and prosperity. He lists acts of charity and their rewards, encouraging Yudhishthira to lead a virtuous life and perform good deeds to attain a high end.
58 Yudhishthira asks Bhishma about the rewards of planting trees and digging tanks. Bhishma explains that these acts lead to fame, righteousness, wealth, and pleasure, and are equivalent to performing sacrifices. Trees and tanks provide for all creatures and rescue their creators in the next world, leading to heaven.
59 Yudhishthira asks Bhishma about the most distinguished gift. Bhishma replies that gifts of love, kindness, and charity to Brahmanas are the best, as they lead to heaven and rescue from sin. He emphasizes the importance of serving Brahmanas, who are superior and revered, and warns of their anger.
60 Yudhishthira asks which Brahmana is more deserving of gifts. Bhishma replies that a gift to an unsoliciting Brahmana is more meritorious, as they are content and independent. Solicitation is a reproach, and givers grant life and rescue themselves. Invite learned, content Brahmanas and offer gifts with devotion and respect.
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61 Yudhishthira asks about gifts and sacrifices. Bhishma explains that a Kshatriya's fierceness is cleansed by sacrifices and gifts to righteous Brahmanas. Gifts lead to merit and prosperity. Protect Brahmanas and their means, and avoid plundering the kingdom. Sacrifices should be made with willing offerings from prosperous subjects.
62 Yudhishthira asks Bhishma about the best gift. Bhishma replies that the gift of earth is foremost, as it's immovable and indestructible, yielding all good things. The giver grows in prosperity, is born as a man and lord of earth, and acquires great fame. A gift of earth is a high expiation and rescues ten generations.
63 Yudhishthira asks Bhishma about gifts for Brahmanas. Bhishma cites Narada, who says food is the best gift, source of energy and strength. Gifts of food to Brahmanas and mendicants are meritorious, even to Chandala or dogs. Food is the origin of all creatures, and religion and wealth flow from it.
64 Yudhishthira asks Bhishma about gifts and constellations. Narada advises making gifts under specific constellations for happiness, prosperity, and merit. Examples include Payasa under Krittika, a cow under Somadaivata, gold under Pushya, and silver under Aslesha. Gifts under certain constellations bring inexhaustible merit and rescue from hell and calamity.
65 Atri says gifts of gold are equivalent to gifts of everything. King Harischandra and Manu praise gifts of gold, drink, and ghee, which bring long life, merit, and sin-cleansing. Gifts of ghee, wells, and umbrellas also bring various rewards, including beauty, prosperity, and victory. The gift of a car is considered the best.
66 Bhishma explains the merits of giving sandals, sesame, land, kine, and food to Brahmanas, which bring protection, prosperity, and merit. Sesame seeds are especially efficacious, and gifts of land and kine bring heaven and victory. The gift of food is superior, sustaining life and energy, and brings inexhaustible felicity.
67 Bhishma tells Yudhishthira that gifts of food and drink are superior to all others, as they sustain life and energy. Water is the source of all life, and gifts of drink lead to prosperity, fame, long life, and ultimate felicity in heaven, making them equal to gifts of food.
68 Bhishma tells Yudhishthira about Yama's instructions to a Brahmana, praising gifts of sesame, water, lamps, gems, and robes. These gifts produce everlasting merit, benefit the Pitris, and enhance visual power. Bhishma encourages marriage and raising offspring, citing the acquisition of male issue as the foremost acquisition.
69 Bhishma praises kine as sacred, bestowing happiness and prosperity. Gifts of kine bring great merit and prosperity. Only Kshatriyas can give earth, but all classes can give kine, earth, and knowledge, considered equal in merit. Bhishma advises against giving kine to the unrighteous and recommends giving to deserving Brahmanas.
70 King Nriga suffered for taking a Brahmana's cow, despite his righteous acts and gifts. He was transformed into a lizard and suffered for a thousand years before being rescued by Krishna. Bhishma warns Yudhishthira that taking what belongs to a Brahmana can lead to destruction.
71 Nachiketa, cursed by his father, met Yama, who showed him heaven's delights, including rivers of milk and ghee, reserved for those who make gifts of kine. Yama explained the qualifications for receiving gifts of kine and the proper way to make such gifts.
72 Yudhishthira asks Bhishma about the regions of kine, seeking knowledge on their nature, virtues, and how to attain them. He inquires about the merits of giving many or few kine and the pre-eminent Dakshina in gifts of kine, showing eagerness to understand the benefits of this act.
73 The Grandsire describes the regions of kine, detailing their attributes and the merits of making gifts of kine. He outlines qualifications for givers and recipients, emphasizing truth, forgiveness, and compassion. The merit of gifts depends on the giver, recipient, and ritual.
74 The Grandsire explains the consequences of stealing or selling a cow, including suffering in hell. Making a gift of a stolen cow brings both merit and sin. Gold is emphasized as the best Dakshina in sacrifices and gifts of kine, rescuing ancestors and descendants.
75 Yudhishthira asks Bhishma about the fruits of vows, Vedas, gifts, and self-restraint. Bhishma explains that completing vows leads to eternal felicity, self-restraint is superior to gift, and truth is the highest duty. Heroes who practice virtues attain heaven, and Brahmacharya and worship of parents and teachers are also meritorious.
76 Bhishma explains the ordinances regulating gifts of kine, which lead to eternal felicity. The gift of kine rescues the giver's entire race. Bhishma recites the ritual, involving honoring Brahmanas and residing with the kine, and describes the merits of giving away substitutes and actual kine.
77 Bhishma discourses on the merits of giving away kine, warning against giving weak or diseased cows. He recounts the creation of Kapila cows by Daksha to provide sustenance for all creatures, making them the most meritorious gift due to their energy and unchanged color.
78 Vasishtha discourses on the sacredness of kine, noting their fragrance, refuge, and blessing. He emphasizes making gifts of Kapila kine, avoiding repugnance for their waste, and eating ghee. One should bathe with cow dung, sit on it, and make libations to the fire with ghee.
79 Vasishtha notes that kine practiced austerities to become the best Dakshina in sacrifices. Giving away cows of different complexions leads to honors in various regions. Habitually giving away kine leads to Heaven, splendor, and delight ministered by celestial damsels.
80 Vasishtha extols kine, noting their connection to ghee and sacredness. He recommends reciting mantras to be cleansed of sins. Giving away kine leads to prosperity and honors in Heaven, sanctifying one's race. Kine are the mothers of the universe and the refuge of the world.
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81 Bhishma tells Yudhishthira that kine are the most sacred objects, uphold all creatures, and are capable of cleansing others. Vyasa describes kine as the stay and refuge of all creatures, auspicious, and yielders of Havya and Kavya. One should reverence and worship kine to attain felicity.
82 Bhishma tells Yudhishthira the story of Sri's request to reside with kine. The kine, knowing Sri's fickle nature, decline, saying they already possess excellent forms. Sri persists, and the kine offer to let her reside in their urine and dung, which they consider sacred.
83 Bhishma tells Yudhishthira that kine are essential for sacrifice and uphold all creatures. Indra asks Brahman why kine reside in a higher region than deities. Brahman explains that kine have performed severe austerities and are guileless, supporting Munis and upholding creatures.
84 Yudhishthira asks about gold's origin and significance. Bhishma tells the story of Rama, who made gifts of gold to cleanse himself. Vasishtha explains gold's superiority, essence, and value. Gold is eternal, cleansing, and highly valued by deities and Gandharvas. Its origin is linked to Rudra and Uma's story.
85 Yudhishthira asks about gold's origin and significance. Bhishma tells the story of Rama, who made gifts of gold to cleanse himself. Vasishtha explains gold's superiority, essence, and value. Gold is eternal, cleansing, and highly valued by deities and Gandharvas. Its origin is linked to Rudra and Uma's story.
86 Bhishma tells Yudhishthira about Taraka's destruction by Kartikeya, born from Agni's seed and reared by the six Krittikas. Kartikeya, also known as Skanda and Guha, grew in a forest of reeds and was endowed with great energy and splendor. He slew Taraka and became the protector of the deities.
87 Bhishma explains the Sraddha ceremony to Yudhishthira, highlighting its importance and benefits. The ceremony can be performed on any day, but the new moon day is most auspicious. Different lunar days bring various benefits, such as beautiful spouses, children, wealth, and fame. The dark fortnight is considered better than the lighted one.
88 Bhishma explains to Yudhishthira the various offerings that can be made to the Pitris during the Sraddha ceremony, including sesame seeds, fish, meat, and fruits, and their corresponding durations of gratification. Some offerings, like the meat of the rhinoceros, become inexhaustible if offered on the anniversary of the ancestors' death.
89 Bhishma explains optional Sraddhas under different constellations, associating each with specific benefits like children, energy, good fortune, sovereignty, health, fame, knowledge, and wealth. By performing these Sraddhas, king Sasavindu was able to rule the entire earth.
90 Bhishma advises Yudhishthira to carefully select Brahmanas to receive Sraddha offerings, excluding those with flaws like foeticide or lack of Vedic study. Worthy recipients should be born in good families, have great learning, and be devoted to their duties. Unworthy recipients can make the offerings unfruitful.
91 Bhishma tells Yudhishthira that the Sraddha was first conceived by Nimi, who was grief-stricken by his son's death. Atri appeared and comforted Nimi, explaining that the rite was a sacrifice in honor of the Pitris, ordained by the Self-born Brahman. Atri listed the deities to be praised and offerings to be made.
92 The Pitris became afflicted with indigestion due to excessive food offerings. Soma directed them to the Self-born Brahman, who advised them to eat with Agni. Agni agreed, allowing the Pitris to digest the food easily. This is why a share of offerings is made to Agni at a Sraddha.
93 "Bhishma said, 'Indra committed theft, leading Rishis to take oaths. The Rishis visited sacred waters, including Brahmasara. Agastya's lotus stalks were stolen, causing him to suspect the Rishis. The Rishis swore oaths to prove innocence. Indra admitted taking the stalks to hear their discourse on duties. Agastya forgave Indra, and the Rishis continued their journey, performing ablutions.'"
94 Rishis and royal sages took oaths to uphold righteousness after Agastya's lotus stalks were stolen. Each swore a unique oath, invoking curses upon the thief. Indra, the king of the gods, was revealed to be the thief, but bestowed a benediction, praising their discourse on duties.
95 Yudhishthira asks about the origin of giving umbrellas and sandals at ceremonies. Bhishma explains that Jamadagni, angry at the sun's heat, vowed to destroy it, but Surya, disguised as a Brahmana, appeared and explained the sun's importance in sustaining life, leading Jamadagni to introduce the custom.
96 Jamadagni, still angry, vowed to pierce the sun, but Surya sought his protection. Jamadagni spared Surya's life and demanded a remedy for the sun's heat. Surya gave him an umbrella and sandals, establishing the custom of giving them away in religious rites to bring merit.
97 Vasudeva asks Earth about household duties. Earth explains that a householder should worship Rishis, deities, and ancestors, perform sacrifices, offer oblations, and provide hospitality. Various offerings should be made, including Vali offerings, and food should be offered to Brahmanas, guests, and animals.
98 Suvarna asks Manu about offering flowers, incense, and lamps. Manu explains their origin and merits, noting that flowers gladden the mind and confer prosperity, while incense and lamps have different types suitable for various purposes, leading to energy enhancement and celestial bliss.
99 Nahusha, a king who became the chief of the deities, became proud and arrogant, suspending his religious acts. The Rishis, including Agastya and Bhrigu, were humiliated, but Bhrigu intervened, vowing to hurl Nahusha down from his position as Indra, ultimately transforming him into a snake.
100 Nahusha's pride led to his downfall. He disregarded ordinances, and Bhrigu cursed him to fall to earth as a snake when he struck Agastya. Retaining his memory, Nahusha was eventually rescued by Yudhishthira, and the deities, led by Indra, were reinstated.
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101 A Chandala, suffering consequences for eating food sprinkled with milk from stolen Brahmana kine, seeks emancipation. A royal person advises him to give up his life-breaths for a Brahmana's sake, either by fire or battle, to achieve a desirable end.
102 Gautama confronts King Dhritarashtra (Indra in disguise) for taking away an elephant he raised. They discuss various afterlife regions, each more desirable. Indra reveals his identity, returns the elephant, and invites Gautama to heaven, impressed that he recognized him.
103 Bhagiratha attains a region of felicity through austerities and gifts to Brahmanas. He describes his acts of charity and sacrifice, but attributes his attainment to the vow of fasting, which he considers the highest penance. The Brahmanas, gratified with him, tell him to repair to their region.
104 "Conduct determines longevity, wealth, fame, and prosperity. Improper conduct shortens life. Good conduct dispels inauspiciousness and brings benefits. A man should avoid improper behavior and deceit. Regular prayers at dawn and dusk, respecting elders, and self-discipline lead to longevity. Avoiding harmful actions and respecting sacred practices are key to success and long life."
105 Bhishma advises Yudhishthira on the role of the eldest brother, emphasizing patience, understanding, and indirect correction of younger brothers' transgressions. A wicked eldest brother brings destruction, while a sinful person forfeits their share in family property. The mother is most revered, and after the father's passing, the eldest brother should be regarded as the father.
106 Bhishma recounts a conversation with Angiras about the merits of observing fasts. Angiras explains that fasts are ordained for Brahmanas and Kshatriyas, and that Vaisyas and Sudras may also observe fasts. He describes the benefits of observing fasts, including forgiveness, beauty, and prosperity.
107 Yudhishthira inquired about acts meritorious for the poor. Bhishma detailed fasts and conduct that yield great rewards, akin to sacrifices. Observing specific fasts and virtuous behavior, such as truthfulness and reverence for Brahmanas, can lead to heavenly rewards, longevity, and prosperity, even for those lacking wealth.
108 Bhishma tells Yudhishthira that the Tirtha called Manasa is the most sacred, with Truth as its waters and understanding as its lake. Men who are freed from attachments and pride are also regarded as Tirthas. True purity comes from knowledge and freedom from desire.
109 Fasting on the 12th day of the moon in different months and worshiping Krishna in various forms leads to merits equal to various sacrifices, such as the Horse-sacrifice, Vajapeya, Rajasuya, and Atiratra. This was sung by the Self-born himself and leads to the highest happiness.
110 Yudhishthira asks Bhishma about acquiring beauty, prosperity, and happiness. Bhishma explains the Chandravrata vow, which involves specific moon positions and gifting ghee to Brahmanas, leading to knowledge and fulfillment.
111 Yudhishthira asked Bhishma about rebirth and attaining heaven or Hell. Vrihaspati explained that righteousness is the true friend following a person after death. Merits and demerits determine rebirths, witnessed by deities. Misdeeds lead to suffering in various forms, emphasizing the importance of righteousness for favorable rebirth and eternal happiness.
112 Vrihaspati explains to Yudhishthira that making gifts, especially food, to Brahmanas leads to merit and cleanses sin. Food is the life-breath of all creatures and is praised by deities and Rishis. Making gifts of food leads to happiness, beauty, fame, and wealth, and is the root of all righteousness and merit.
113 Vrihaspati tells Yudhishthira that universal compassion is the highest virtue, advising him to control lust, wrath, and cupidity and treat all creatures kindly. He warns that injuring others leads to suffering in return, and advises Yudhishthira to frame his conduct according to this principle, before ascending to heaven.
114 Yudhishthira asks Bhishma how to cleanse himself from misery after causing harm. Bhishma explains the religion of compassion has four parts: abstention from injury in thought, word, and deed, and complete renunciation. He emphasizes eating meat is a sin, involving cruelty and attachment, and praises righteous men who showed compassion.
115 Yudhishthira asks Bhishma about abstaining from meat. Bhishma explains it's the highest religion, involving non-injury to all creatures. He cites authorities, including Manu and Rishis, who declare abstaining from meat leads to longevity, strength, and beauty. Abstaining from meat is a path to heaven and a friend to all creatures.
116 Yudhishthira asks Bhishma about abstaining from flesh. Bhishma explains that while flesh may be tasty, it's obtained by taking life. Abstaining from flesh shows compassion, a superior virtue. Sanctioned flesh in sacrifices is acceptable, but otherwise, it's like Rakshasa behavior. Compassion to all creatures is the highest virtue.
117 Yudhishthira asks Bhishma about those who give up their lives in battle. Bhishma shares a story about a worm who recalls its past life as a cruel Sudra. Despite difficulties, the worm clings to life, hoping for a better future due to a good deed it did, hosting a Brahmana as a guest.
118 Vyasa tells the worm that its memories are due to his own penance. The worm is reborn as a Kshatriya prince, enjoying luxury. Remembering past lives, the prince seeks out Vyasa, thanking him for his grace. Vyasa explains the order of reincarnation, from animal to Brahmana, and the importance of righteous conduct.
119 Vyasa tells the Kshatriya, formerly a worm, to protect all creatures as his penance. He rules righteously, becomes a Brahmana, and eventually attains eternal Brahma. Vyasa advises him not to fear death, but to fear losing righteousness. The Kshatriya's transformation shows the power of righteous conduct and Vyasa's guidance.
120 King Nriga suffered for taking a Brahmana's cow, despite his righteous acts. He was transformed into a lizard and fell into a well for a thousand years until Krishna rescued him. Nriga ascended to heaven, illustrating the power of redemption and the importance of respecting Brahmanas and kine.
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121 Nachiketa, restored to life, tells his father Uddalaki about his journey to the underworld, where Yama showed him the rewards for making gifts of kine. Yama emphasized the importance of selecting worthy recipients and making gifts with consideration of time and place, leading to heavenly regions and rivers of milk and ghee.
122 Yudhishthira asks Bhishma about the regions of kine, seeking knowledge about their nature, virtues, and fruits. He inquires about the duration of enjoyment, how to make gifts of many or few kine, and the merits of each. Bhishma agrees to discourse on the topic, beginning with a narrative about Sakra and the lotus-born deity.
123 The Grandsire describes the regions of kine, invisible to even Indra, where righteous individuals dwell. These regions have no time, evil, or disease, and desires are fulfilled. Forgiving, truthful, and duty-bound individuals attain these regions. Gifts of kine lead to eternal felicity, with merit equal to a thousand kine.
124 The Grandsire explains the consequences of stealing or selling a cow, including suffering in hell. Making a gift of a stolen cow to a Brahmana leads to both felicity and misery. Gold is emphasized as a Dakshina in gifts of kine, rescuing ancestors and descendants to the seventh degree.
125 Yudhishthira asks about the fruits of observing vows, studying the Vedas, and practicing self-restraint. Bhishma explains that self-restraint is more meritorious than gift, and that truth is the highest duty. He also discusses the rewards of various heroes and the merits of Brahmacharya and serving one's seniors.
126 Bhishma explains the ritual for giving away kine, the highest gift in merit, which rescues the giver's entire race. The giver must honor Brahmanas, reside with the kine, and utter specific Mantras. Different gifts lead to various merits, including residence in heaven and mastery of the Vedas.
127 Bhishma explains the merits of giving away kine, praising strong and virtuous cows. Kapila cows are superior due to their creation from Surabhi and their pure, nectar-like milk. Yudhishthira makes gifts of bulls and kine to Brahmanas, performing sacrifices to attain felicity and fame.
128 Vasishtha praises kine as sacred, fragrant, and the source of blessings. He notes that gifts to kine are never lost and recommends making offerings, reciting their names, and eating ghee. Reverence for kine brings prosperity and rewards. Kine are the source of all blessings and should be revered always.
129 Kine practiced austerities to become the best Dakshina in sacrifices. Brahman granted their wish, making them the refuge of the world. Giving away kine with specific characteristics leads to honors in various regions of the gods. Habitual givers of kine proceed to Heaven, shine in splendor, and reside there for many years.
130 Vasishtha extols kine as yielders of ghee and milk, calling them sacred and the refuge of the universe. He recommends reciting mantras and making gifts of kine, particularly Kapila cows, to attain prosperity and honors in Heaven. There is no gift more sacred or meritorious than the gift of kine.
131 Bhishma tells Yudhishthira that kine are the most sacred objects, capable of cleansing and granting wishes. Vyasa describes a beautiful region where kine reside, attainable by those who make gifts of kine. Bhishma advises Yudhishthira to worship kine daily, as they are essential for sacrifices and grantors of wishes.
132 Bhishma tells Yudhishthira the story of Sri's request to reside with kine. They decline due to her fickle nature, but she persists. They offer to let her reside in their urine and dung, which they consider sacred. Sri accepts and disappears, having been honored by the kine.
133 Bhishma tells Yudhishthira that kine are essential for sacrifice and uphold all creatures. Indra asks Brahman why their region is higher than the deities. Brahman explains that kine have performed severe austerities and are guileless. Surabhi's offspring, kine, reside in the world of men and do good acts.
134 Skanda and Vishnu describe two rituals that confer great merits. One involves smearing earth from a blue bull's horns and performing ablutions, while the other involves offering food to the full moon. These acts lead to heroism, sovereignty, and abundant merits, and cleanse one of sin.
135 Bhishma explains that Brahmanas can accept food from Brahmanas, Kshatriyas, or Vaisyas, but not from Sudras. Kshatriyas and Vaisyas can accept food from their own varna or Brahmanas, but should avoid food from Sudras who engage in evil ways, as it is equivalent to consuming filth.
136 Bhishma explains expiations for a Brahmana accepting different foods. Clarified butter requires fire oblations and Savitri hymn recitation. Meat or honey requires standing till sunrise. Gold or valuables require Gayatri prayer recitation and iron holding. Bathing and prayer recitation can also be purifying.
137 Bhishma shares stories of princes who attained celestial regions through charity and devotion. King Sivi gave his son's life, Rantideva gave his son, and others gave valuable gifts to Brahmanas. These acts led them to heaven, and their fame will endure. Bhishma will explain more in the morning.
138 Bhishma explains five types of gifts: for merit, profit, fear, free choice, and pity. Gifts to Brahmanas bring fame and felicity, while gifts for profit are given to those who have helped us. Gifts from fear avoid injury, gifts from free choice are given to friends, and gifts from pity are given to the poor.
139 Bhishma tells the story of Krishna's vow and the fire that issued from his mouth, consuming a mountain. The Rishis were amazed and asked Krishna to explain. Krishna attributed the fire to his penances and desire for a son equal in energy. The Rishis were then asked to share a wonderful story.
140 Narada narrates the discourse between Sankara and Uma on the sacred mountains of Himavat. Uma's jest causes the universe to become dark, and Mahadeva's third eye appears, consuming the mountain. He restores it to please her and explains the reason for his various forms and features.
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141 Tilottama, created by Brahman, attempted to tempt Maheswara, who became four-faced to see her from all directions. He explained his features and vehicle, a bull, given by Brahma. Maheswara preferred crematoriums as his residence and outlined duties for each social order, emphasizing truthfulness, compassion, and non-injury as common duties for all.
142 Maheswara explains forest recluses' duties: ablutions, worship, yoga, asceticism, and simple living. They observe vows, perform Homa and sacrifices, and adhere to virtue. Sincerity, compassion, and harmlessness are essential. Rewards include celestial regions and felicity. Maheswara outlines practices and duties for righteous living.
143 Maheswara explains that a Brahmana's status can be lost through evil acts and gained through good conduct. A Sudra can become a Brahmana by following Brahmana duties and acquiring knowledge. Conduct, not birth or rites, determines one's status. A Sudra with good conduct deserves to be treated as a Brahmana.
144 Maheswara explains to Uma how men can ascend to heaven through righteous conduct, compassion, and self-restraint. He advises truthfulness, kindness, and avoidance of harsh speech, and explains that mental acts and thoughts can lead to bondage or liberation. Good deeds lead to heaven, while cruel acts lead to hell.
145 Maheswara explains to Uma that a liberal disposition, kindness, and honoring Brahmanas lead to heaven, while arrogance, pride, and cruelty lead to hell. He advises worshiping deities, bowing to seniors, and benefiting all beings. Past actions determine one's birth and circumstances, and seeking advice from learned Brahmanas leads to righteousness.
146 Mahadeva asks Uma about women's duties. Uma consults with Rivers and discourses on devotion to husbands, observing vows, and discharging household duties. She emphasizes that devotion is a woman's merit, penance, and Heaven, and that a woman should regard her husband as a god.
147 Maheswara praises Vasudeva, describing him as eternal, superior to the Grandsire, and the creator of the universe. He is the Lord of the three worlds, the destroyer of all creatures, and the master of all deities. Vasudeva is the Supreme Soul, the urger of all senses, and the Supreme Lord.
148 Narada describes the wonders that occurred after Mahadeva's speech, including thunder and lightning. The Rishis were amazed and delighted, and some returned home while others went to sacred waters. Narada praises Krishna, saying he is identical with Eternal Brahma and the achiever of prosperity.
149 Yudhishthira asked Bhishma about the one god and religion for benefits and emancipation. Bhishma replied that Vasudeva, infinite and foremost, should be worshipped with reverence and hymned with His thousand names. He emphasized that Vishnu is the master and controller of the universe, leading to happiness and emancipation.
150 Yudhishthira asks Bhishma about the Mantra for silent recitation that brings merit and success. Bhishma recites the Mantra, including salutations to various deities and Rishis, and explains its benefits, including prosperity, protection, and freedom from sins and fears.
151 Yudhishthira asks about whom to worship and how to behave towards them. Bhishma replies that Brahmanas deserve worship and bowing, and are upholders of righteousness and refuge for all creatures. He describes their virtues and notes their importance, stating they are deserving of every honor and esteem.
152 Yudhishthira asks Bhishma about the reward for worshiping Brahmanas. Bhishma shares a story about Kartavirya, who worshiped Dattatreya and was granted boons. However, Kartavirya's son Arjuna believed Kshatriyas were superior and sought to subjugate Brahmanas, prompting the wind god to intervene.
153 The wind god describes Brahmanas' attributes, citing their superiority and unconquerable nature. He shares stories of their power, including Rishi Angiras' feats, and warns Arjuna not to challenge them. He reminds Arjuna of his own debt to Dattatreya and describes Brahman as the all-powerful creator of the universe.
154 The wind god tells Arjuna stories of Brahmanas' power, including Anga's attempt to give away the earth and Utathya's recovery of his wife from Varuna. He asks Arjuna if he knows of a superior Kshatriya, but Arjuna remains silent.
155 Bhishma tells Arjuna stories of Brahmanas' power, including Agastya's defeat of the Danavas and Vasishtha's destruction of the Khalins. He asks Arjuna if he knows of a superior Kshatriya, but Arjuna remains silent. Bhishma highlights the Brahmanas' greatness and their role in protecting the gods.
156 Bhishma tells Arjuna stories of Atri and Chyavana's power, where they saved the gods from darkness and defeat, and forced Indra to obey their commands. Their penances and power illuminated the universe and restored the gods to their former glory.
157 Bhishma tells Arjuna how the gods sought the Brahmanas' protection after being deprived of heaven and earth. The Brahmanas subjugated the virtuous Kapas and destroyed them with blazing fires. The gods, unaware, assembled and slew Danavas, later learning of the Brahmanas' role and worshiping them.
158 Bhishma tells Yudhishthira to ask Krishna about the fruit of worshiping Brahmanas. Bhishma praises Krishna, saying he is the creator, destroyer, and protector of the universe, and the soul of all creatures. Krishna is eternal and the cause of all acts, and it is under him that all things exist.
159 Vasudeva explains the merits of worshiping Brahmanas to Yudhishthira, sharing his experience with the powerful ascetic Durvasa. He says Brahmanas are kings, dispensers of happiness and misery, and the source of all agreeable things. Durvasa was pleased with Vasudeva's devotion and granted him wishes, ensuring his lasting fame and prosperity.
160 Vasudeva recites the Sata-rudriya, a hymn to Mahadeva, describing his power and wrath. Mahadeva is the greatest being, creator of the universe, and has many forms and names. Durvasa, who stayed with Vasudeva, was an incarnation of Mahadeva and performed mischievous acts.
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161 Vasudeva describes Rudra's many names and forms, including Mahadeva, Maheswara, and Pasupati. He is fierce and mild, the Supreme Lord and master of the universe. His emblem is worshipped, and he bestows happiness upon devotees. He resides in crematoria, burning corpses, and has many blazing forms.
162 Bhishma advises Yudhishthira on the authority of direct perception and scriptures, emphasizing the importance of scriptures. He explains that Righteousness is one and indivisible, and provides guidance on righteous living, including hospitality, self-control, and worship. Bhishma also describes the characteristics of the wicked and the good.
163 Yudhishthira notes that fortune and misfortune influence wealth acquisition, regardless of strength or effort. Bhishma advises practicing austerities, making gifts, and abstaining from cruelty to attain wealth and longevity. He encourages Yudhishthira to seek purity, be sweet-speeched, and remain tranquil, acknowledging the role of actions and Nature in happiness and woes.
164 Bhishma explains that good deeds lead to merits and felicity, while evil acts lead to misery. Righteousness is superior, and faith in it is a sign of wisdom. Righteousness is pure and eternal when not prompted by desire. All men are equal in physical organism and soul, and their actions influence their future lives.
165 Bhishma advises Yudhishthira to recite deities', Rishis', and royal sages' names to attain happiness and be cleansed of sins. He lists various figures, including Brahma, Vishnu, Shiva, and numerous Rishis and royal sages, and explains that reciting their names brings blessings and protection.
166 Vaisampayana continues the story, describing the silent assembly after Bhishma finishes speaking. Vyasa tells Bhishma that Yudhishthira is ready to return to the city, and Bhishma gives his blessing, advising Yudhishthira to perform sacrifices and bring peace to his subjects. Yudhishthira agrees and returns to Hastinapura.
167 Yudhishthira, after recovering his kingdom, honors citizens and inhabitants, installs himself on the throne, and assures subjects of his good will. He visits Bhishma, bearing offerings, and asks what he can do for him. Bhishma, ready to depart, salutes Dhritarashtra and Vasudeva, and asks Krishna for permission.
168 Bhishma, using yoga powers, ascends to heaven. The Pandavas perform his funeral rites, cremating his body. The goddess Bhagirathi laments, recalling his noble deeds and slaying by Sikhandin. Krishna consoles her, reminding her of Bhishma's noble birth and fate, and she finds equanimity.
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1 Yudhishthira grieves after Bhishma's cremation, but is lifted up by Bhima at Krishna's urging. Dhritarashtra advises Yudhishthira to attend to his duties, reminding him of his conquest and urging him to show kindness to his kin. Dhritarashtra expresses regret for not listening to Vidura's advice.
2 Krishna and Vyasa console Yudhishthira, advising him to perform sacrifices and pursue his Kshatriya duties. Yudhishthira feels guilty for slaying his grandfather and Karna, but Vyasa rebukes him for his ignorance, reminding him of his knowledge and duties. He encourages Yudhishthira to act with courage and wisdom.
3 Vyasa advises Yudhishthira to perform sacrifices to purify himself, citing celestial examples. Yudhishthira hesitates, feeling guilty and lacking wealth. Vyasa reassures him of a hidden treasure in the Himalayas, left behind by Brahmanas at King Marutta's sacrifice, and offers to tell his story.
4 Vyasa advises Yudhishthira to perform sacrifices to purify himself, citing celestial examples. Yudhishthira hesitates, feeling guilty and lacking wealth. Vyasa reassures him of a hidden treasure in the Himalayas, left behind by Brahmanas at King Marutta's sacrifice, and offers to tell his story.
5 Vyasa tells Yudhishthira about King Marutta, who challenged Indra. Marutta's ancestors, including Angira and Vrihaspati, were powerful and righteous. Vrihaspati, Indra's priest, refused to abandon Marutta, saying he wouldn't deviate from the truth. Indra was impressed and praised Vrihaspati, returning to his mansion.
6 Marutta seeks Vrihaspati to perform a sacrifice, but is rejected. Narada advises him to find Samvarta, Vrihaspati's brother, in Varanasi. Marutta follows Samvarta, who tests him by covering him in mud and ashes. Despite this, Marutta continues to follow Samvarta, seeking his protection and instruction.
7 Samvarta questions Marutta, who reveals Narada sent him. Samvarta agrees to perform the sacrifice, but requires Vrihaspati's permission. Marutta explains Vrihaspati refused, desiring to only serve the Immortals. Samvarta vows to make Marutta equal to Indra, despite potential anger from Vrihaspati and Indra.
8 Samvarta sends Marutta to Munjaban peak in the Himalayas to appease Lord Mahadeva, surrounded by gods and spirits. Marutta must bow to the deity and seek protection to acquire gold. He follows the advice, arranges a sacrifice, and uses gold vessels. Vrihaspati becomes envious of Marutta's prosperity.
9 Indra sends Agni to offer Vrihaspati to Marutta, but Marutta refuses, opting for Samvarta. Agni returns to Indra, who sends him back with a warning. Samvarta threatens Agni, who fears his wrath and recalls a past incident where a Brahmana created a monster that frightened Indra.
10 Indra demands Marutta accept Vrihaspati as his priest, but Marutta refuses. Samvarta protects Marutta from Indra's wrath, and Indra eventually attends Marutta's sacrifice, pleased with the offerings. The sacrifice is a success, and Marutta's ancestors and the gods are gratified.
11 Krishna comforts Yudhishthira, sharing the story of Indra's battle with Vritra, a demon who stole the properties of elements. Indra eventually slew Vritra with an invisible thunderbolt. Krishna encourages Yudhishthira to learn from this story and overcome his mental distraction.
12 Vasudeva advises Yudhishthira that physical ailments arise from bodily imbalances, while mental ailments arise from imbalances in the soul's attributes (Sattwa, Rajas, and Tamas). He encourages Yudhishthira to let go of past sorrows and overcome his mental struggles through abstraction and karma. This battle must be fought alone.
13 Vasudeva advises Yudhishthira to renounce desires, not just external objects. Attachment to worldly things is "Mrityu" (death), while detachment is "Saswata" (eternal spirit). He encourages self-reflection, desire control, and virtue cultivation. Kamagita's teachings also stress desire overcoming through practices like yoga.
14 Yudhishthira, consoled by sages, overcame grief and performed obsequial ceremonies. With their guidance, he regained his kingdom and sought to perform a sacrifice. He expressed gratitude and sought protection to reach the Himalayas.
15 Vasudeva and Dhananjaya were overjoyed when the Pandavas regained their kingdom. They traveled, recounted war stories, and reminiscing about past sufferings. Krishna comforted Arjuna, praising Yudhishthira's righteousness and the might of Bhimasena and the twin brothers.
16 Janamejaya asked about Krishna and Arjuna's conversation after the battle. Krishna replied that he had discoursed on eternal truths, but Arjuna's mind was not receptive. Krishna then told a story about a Brahmana who sought a sage to learn about Moksha (Emancipation).
17 The Brahmana asked about the body's dissolution and emancipation. The sage explained that harmful acts lead to disease and death, and the Jiva leaves its mortal body, surrounded by its merits or sins. The Jiva experiences three eternal regions: the field of action, Hell, and the stellar worlds.
18 A Jiva's acts, good and bad, produce corresponding fruits in future bodies. Merit and sin yield happiness and misery. The Jiva enters the womb, supporting life, and is called Eternal Brahman. Righteousness includes gifts, austerity, self-restraint, and compassion, leading to emancipation.
19 To achieve emancipation, absorb in the one receptacle, freeing oneself from thoughts and attachments. Transcend opposites, be free from egoism, and look equally upon life and death. Through Yoga, concentrate the mind, withdraw senses, and behold the soul, extracting it from the body like fibrous pith from a blade.
20 A Brahmana's wife asked about her fate after death. He explained that he had transcended worldly acts, seeking the soul's seat within. The soul is beyond senses and opposites, the universe's source. Life-breaths flow from and return to it, like fuel for a flame.
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21 The Brahmana told his wife about the ten Hotris and libations. He explained that the ten organs are the sacrificing priests, and sense objects are the fuel. Mind is the ladle, and wealth is the offering. Word and Mind debated, with Mind deemed superior.
22 The Brahmana described the seven sacrificing priests: nose, eye, tongue, skin, ear, mind, and understanding. Each apprehends a specific quality, and they don't perceive each other's attributes. The mind claimed to be foremost, but the senses argued that they're essential for perception and happiness.
23 The Brahmana told his wife about the five sacrificing priests: Prana, Apana, Udana, Samana, and Vyana. They argued about which one was foremost, but Brahma intervened, saying each has special attributes and is foremost in its own sphere. He told them to be friendly and uphold one another.
24 Narada and Devamata discussed the life-winds. Narada said the external life-wind comes first in a creature's birth. Life-winds exist in pairs: transverse, upward, and downward. Pleasure arises from semen, desire, and taste. Prana and Apana arise from semen and blood, and Samana and Vyana form a transverse pair.
25 The Brahmana explained the Chaturhotra sacrifice, describing four sacrificing priests: agent, instrument, action, and Emancipation. Seven senses are caused by knowledge, action, and the agent. A learned person eats ordained food, while an unlearned person is ruined by the sense of mineness.
26 The Brahmana spoke of the one Ruler, Preceptor, and guide residing in the heart. He shared an ancient story where the Lord taught the syllable Om, representing Brahman, to snakes, deities, and Rishis, leading to diverse dispositions. There is no second preceptor; it pleases or displeases within the heart.
27 The Brahmana entered the forest of Brahman, transcending worldly joy and sorrow. Seven trees, fruits, and guests represent the path to Emancipation. The five senses fuel the journey, and the seven Rishis emerge, followed by virtues. Contented souls proceed to the Grandsire, attaining Brahman.
28 The Brahmana said he transcends sensory perceptions and desires, which arise from Nature. A Yati and Adhwaryu discussed animal sacrifice, with the Yati arguing it's destruction of life. The Adhwaryu countered that consumption and movement also involve slaughter.
29 The Brahmana told the story of King Karttaviryya-Arjuna, who conquered the Earth and showered arrows at the Ocean. The Ocean begged him to stop, and Arjuna sought a worthy opponent. He found Rama, who killed him and his kinsmen, leading to a cycle of violence and revenge.
30 Alarka, a royal sage, conquered the Earth, then sought to control his senses. His senses warned him that arrows would only pierce his vital parts. He discovered Yoga, entered his soul, and attained success, slaying his senses with one arrow. He realized Yoga is the highest happiness.
31 The Brahmana said there are three foes: exultation, cupidity, and lassitude. King Amvarisha sang verses about subduing faults and attaining sovereignty. He said cupidity is the greatest vice, leading to repeated birth and death. One must cut off cupidity with intelligence to achieve true sovereignty in the soul.
32 King Janaka tells a Brahmana to leave, but the Brahmana asks what the kingdom's limits are. Janaka realizes he can't find his dominion and understands that everything is both his and not his. He does everything for others, not himself, and sets the wheel of Goodness in motion, impressing Dharma.
33 The Brahmana says, "I'm not bound by your understanding. I'm a knowledgeable, emancipated Brahmana, a forest recluse, and house-holder. I pervade the universe, destroying all creatures like fire destroys wood. My wealth is knowledge of my identity with the universe, the path to tranquility and understanding."
34 The Brahmana's wife seeks knowledge, feeling her intelligence is limited. Her husband advises devotion, a preceptor, and penances. He describes Brahman as beyond symbols and qualities, understood through a cleansed understanding. Arjuna asks about them, and Krishna reveals his mind is the Brahmana, his understanding the wife, and he is Kshetrajna.
35 Arjuna asks Vasudeva about Brahma, the highest object of knowledge. A disciple seeks knowledge from a preceptor, asking about the highest good and the nature of truth and penance. The preceptor explains that knowledge and renunciation lead to immortality, and shares a story about Rishis seeking knowledge from Brahma.
36 Brahma explains the three qualities: Darkness (delusion, ignorance), Passion, and Goodness. Intertwined, they characterize the five principal elements. Darkness leads to brute creation, but purificatory rites and religious ceremonies can improve and ascend one's birth. Attachment to desire is great delusion, affecting even Rishis and deities.
37 Brahman explains the quality of Passion, including injuring, beauty, pleasure, pain, power, war, peace, arguments, pride, wrath, desire, and malice. People enveloped by Passion pursue desires and worldly things, stuck in a downward course. Understanding these qualities is key to freeing oneself from them.
38 The Brahmmana describes the quality of Goodness, including joy, satisfaction, nobility, enlightenment, and happiness. Possessing these qualities, one attains the highest in the world hereafter, free from egoism and desire. Confidence, modesty, forgiveness, and compassion define the eternal religion of the good, leading to wisdom and correctness of vision.
39 Brahmana explains that Darkness, Passion, and Goodness are interconnected and exist in a state of union. They depend on and follow one another, and their increase and diminution are related. The three qualities are present in all things and act by turns in diverse ways, with Goodness being the highest and most enlightening.
40 Brahmana explains that the unmanifest gave rise to Mahat, the Great Soul, the source of all qualities and first creation. It's also known as Intelligence, Vishnu, and Sambhu, with great power, minuteness, lightness, and affluence. Devotees of goodness, meditation, and yoga attain Greatness, transcending delusion.
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41 Brahmana explains that Egoism, born from Mahat, creates the five great elements: earth, air, ether, water, and light. These elements cause delusion, and their dissolution occurs in reverse order of creation. Subduing the eleven organs, including the mind, leads to Brahman. Renunciation and self-control bring true happiness.
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43 Brahmana explains that certain entities are foremost: royal Kshatriya among men, elephant among vehicles, and lion among forest dwellers. Prajapati is the lord of all creatures, and Vishnu is the king of kings. The Kshetrajna, or Supreme Lord, is eternal and without qualities, and transcends all.
44 Brahmana explains the first and highest of all entities. The sun, fire, Prajapati, and Om are the first of their kind. Vishnu is the superior, Meru the first mountain, Ganga the first river, and ocean the first well. Iswara is the supreme Lord, and knowledge has no end.
45 Brahmana describes the wheel of life, moving with understanding as strength and mind as pole. Bound by senses and elements, it's subject to decrepitude, grief, and calamities. One who understands its motion and stoppage attains the highest goal. Four modes of life have the householder's mode as their foundation.
46 A Brahmacharin should study, live a life of penance, and subsist on alms. A forest recluse should wear animal skins, subsist on fruits and roots, and honor guests. A mendicant should lead a life of renunciation, beg for food, and avoid harm to creatures, practicing universal friendliness and sense control.
47 Brahmana says Renunciation is penance, leading to Brahman, the supreme goal. Knowledge and penance can attain Brahman, free from opposites and qualities. Devotion and Vedic knowledge can attain the supreme Lord. Penance is light, conduct leads to piety, and knowledge is highest. Renunciation frees one from attachment and birth.
48 Brahmana describes Brahman as a tree, forest, or unmanifest, transcendent and free from distress. Equanimity at death leads to immortality. Controlling life-breaths through Pranayama brings tranquility and knowledge. Goodness is highest, and Purusha depends on it. Forgiveness, courage, and renunciation arise from goodness, leading to immortality.
49 The Rishis asked which duty is most worthy, noting contradictory views. They questioned the nature of the eternal principle, with differing beliefs. They saw varying practices among deities and Brahmanas, including diet and actions. The Rishis were deluded, unable to conclude, and asked the creator to declare what is good.
50 Brahmana explains that abstention from harm is the foremost duty and knowledge is the highest happiness. Purusha (Kshetrajna) is the subject, and Nature is the object. Nature is unintelligent, made up of opposites, while Purusha is eternal and free. Understanding this distinction leads to supreme felicity through knowledge and devotion.
51 Brahmana explains the mind controls the five elements and is their soul. The individual soul drives the chariot of senses with the mind as charioteer. Understanding this prevents delusion. The forest of Brahman includes all entities, and the Kshetrajna moves through it. Penance is key to success and self-understanding.
52 Krishna and Dhananjaya journeyed to the city named after the elephant. Dhananjaya praised Krishna, calling him the soul of the universe and creator. They arrived at Dhritarashtra's palace, met with Yudhishthira, and spent the night. Yudhishthira granted Krishna permission to return to Dwaravati, asking him to take gems and wealth.
53 Krishna departed, and the Pandavas embraced him, looking back at him until he was out of sight. He met Utanka, who asked if he had established peace between the Kurus and Pandavas. Krishna explained that he had tried but failed, and the Kauravas met their demise due to their own actions.
54 Krishna revealed the faultless Adhyatma to Utanka, explaining that the three qualities depend on him as their refuge. All creatures, including Rudras and Vasus, have sprung from him. He is the soul of all existent and non-existent things, and the Vedas are identical with him. He takes birth to uphold Righteousness.
55 Utanka recognized Krishna as the creator and asked to see his sovereign form. Krishna showed him his universal form, like a blazing fire. Utanka bowed, saying he had seen enough. Krishna offered a boon, and Utanka asked for water. Krishna said to think of him when needed, and later, clouds appeared in the desert to give Utanka water.
56 Janamejaya asked about Utanka's wish to curse Vishnu. Vaisampayana explained Utanka's devotion to Gautama, who was pleased with him. Utanka realized his old age, and Gautama granted him permission to leave, offering his daughter's hand in marriage. Utanka was tasked with fetching celestial ear-rings from Saudasa's queen.
57 Utanka met King Saudasa, a cannibal, and asked for celestial ear-rings for his preceptor. Saudasa directed him to his wife, Madayanti, who was hesitant to give them up without a sign from her husband. She described the ear-rings' virtues and asked Utanka to bring a sign to prove his story.
58 Utanka obtained jewelled ear-rings from Queen Madayanti after showing a sign from King Saudasa. He later encountered a snake who stole the ear-rings, but Indra helped him recover them. In the world of Nagas, a black steed revealed himself as the deity of fire and helped Utanka retrieve the ear-rings.
59 Krishna returned to Dwaraka with Satyaki during the Raivataka festival. The hill was decorated with jewels and flowers, and the air was filled with music and laughter. Krishna was worshipped by his relatives and greeted by his parents, to whom he recounted the incidents of the great battle.
60 Vasudeva asked Krishna to describe the battle between the Kurus and Pandavas. Krishna narrated how Bhishma and Drona were slain, and Karna was defeated by Arjuna. The Pandavas won, but their remnant army was slaughtered at night by Drona's son. Only the five Pandavas, Krishna, and Yuyudhana survived.
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61 Vasudeva asked Krishna about Abhimanyu's death. Subhadra fell to the ground, and Vasudeva followed, overcome with grief. Krishna explained Abhimanyu's brave fight and heroic death, surrounded by Drona and others. He consoled Vasudeva, saying Abhimanyu ascended to heaven. Kunti comforted Subhadra, telling her to protect her unborn child.
62 Vasudeva performed obsequial rites for Abhimanyu, feeding Brahmanas and giving away wealth. Vyasa consoled the grief-stricken Pandavas, assuring them Uttara's unborn son would be mighty and rule righteously. He urged King Yudhishthira to perform the horse-sacrifice, then disappeared, prompting Yudhishthira to prepare for the sacrifice.
63 Janamejaya asked about Yudhishthira's actions after hearing Vyasa's words. Yudhishthira summoned his brothers and decided to follow Vyasa's advice. Bhimasena suggested worshipping Maheswara to obtain Marutta's wealth. The Pandavas set out, receiving blessings from citizens and Brahmanas, and took permission from King Dhritarashtra before departing.
64 The Pandavas set out cheerfully, praised by eulogists and bards, and filled the Earth with the clatter of their wheels. King Yudhishthira accepted blessings and cheers, and the army supported them. They crossed various landscapes, arrived at the mountains, and pitched their camp, performing propitiatory ceremonies.
65 Yudhishthira made offerings to Mahadeva, using sanctified butter, flowers, and meat. The priest Dhaumya performed rites, presenting offerings to Mahadeva's train and other deities. The king gave away thousands of kine and presented offerings to night-wandering beings. He then excavated the treasure, loading it onto vehicles and returning to the capital.
66 Vasudeva returned to the Kuru capital for the horse-sacrifice. Krishna came to comfort the Kshatriya ladies, including Draupadi and Uttara. When Parikshit was born stillborn, the citizens lamented. Kunti reminded Krishna of his vow to revive the child, begging him to fulfill Abhimanyu's words and restore the Pandavas' life-breaths.
67 Subhadra begged Krishna to revive Abhimanyu's son, born dead due to Aswatthaman's weapon. She reminded Krishna of his vow, pleading with him to fulfill it. Subhadra lamented the Pandavas' suffering and implored Krishna to show compassion, threatening to cast off her life if the child was not revived.
68 Krishna entered the lying-in room, sanctified with flowers and fires, where Parikshit was born. Uttara, grieving, begged him to revive her child, saying she would cast off her life-breaths if he didn't. She lamented that Drona's son had destroyed her child with a Brahma-weapon, fulfilling her worst fears.
69 Uttara, grief-stricken, fell to the ground, lamenting her child's loss. The palace was filled with weeping. Krishna, moved by her lamentations, promised to revive the child, saying he never uttered an untruth. By his merit and disposition, the child began to move and revive.
70 Krishna withdrew the Brahma-weapon, and the child began to move. The Bharata ladies rejoiced, and the Brahmanas uttered benedictions. Krishna named the child Parikshit, meaning "tester of the Kuru race." The Pandavas returned with wealth, and the city was filled with music and dance, celebrating their success.
71 Vasudeva went out to meet the arriving Pandavas. They entered the city, filling the Earth and sky with noise. The Pandavas worshipped their elders and heard about Parikshit's birth. Vyasa arrived, granting Yudhishthira permission for the horse-sacrifice, which would cleanse them of sin. Vasudeva agreed to perform the sacrifice.
72 Yudhishthira agreed to be initiated for the sacrifice, and Vyasa directed the rites. The horse was loosened on the full moon day of Chaitra. Arjuna was tasked with protecting it and inviting kings to the sacrifice, while avoiding battles. Bhima, Nakula, and Sahadeva were assigned other duties.
73 Yudhishthira was initiated for the horse-sacrifice, and the horse was let loose. Arjuna followed, drawing his bow Gandiva, and the citizens of Hastinapore came out to behold him. The crowd was thick, and Arjuna fought many battles with kings and tribes as the horse roamed over the Earth.
74 Arjuna battled the Trigartas, who sought to capture the horse. He forbade them, citing Yudhishthira's orders, but they attacked. Arjuna resisted, vanquishing Suryavarman and Ketuvarman, and sparing Dhritavarman's life. Dhritavarman's arrow pierced Arjuna's hand, but he fought on, defeating the Trigartas, who eventually submitted and accepted his dominion.
75 The horse entered Pragjyotisha's realm, and Bhagadatta's son seized it. Arjuna pursued, and the son fled, releasing the horse. He remounted an elephant and challenged Arjuna, but was struck down with golden-winged arrows. The elephant, pierced and bleeding, looked like a mountain with red springs.
76 Vajradatta battled Arjuna, seeking to avenge his father's death. On the fourth day, he urged his elephant towards Arjuna, who stood firm, relying on Gandiva. Arjuna struck down the elephant and spared Vajradatta's life, telling him to attend Yudhishthira's horse-sacrifice on the day of the full moon in Chaitra.
77 Vaisampayana said, "Arjuna battled the Saindhavas, who sought revenge for their clan's slaughter. They showered arrows on Arjuna, who looked like the sun covered by clouds. The three worlds cried out in distress, but Arjuna regained his energy and poured incessant showers of shafts on his foes, who fled in fear."
78 Vaisampayana said, "Arjuna fought the Saindhavas, but spared their lives, recalling Yudhishthira's words. Their queen, Dussala, approached him, weeping, with her grandson. She asked for mercy and peace, and Arjuna, remembering Gandhari and Dhritarashtra, decided to make peace. He comforted his sister and continued following the sacrificial horse."
79 Vaisampayana said, "Vabhruvahana, ruler of Manipura, met Arjuna with humility, but Arjuna sought battle. Ulupi encouraged her son to fight. The two engaged in a fierce fight, exchanging arrows. Vabhruvahana struck Arjuna, who fell unconscious. Vabhruvahana also fell, overcome with grief and exhaustion."
80 Chitrangada grieved, falling to the ground beside her slain husband, Arjuna. She lamented to Ulupi, "Behold, my son slew him! Revive him, or I'll cast off my life-breaths!" Ulupi revealed the battle was an illusion, and used a rev iving gem to restore Arjuna to life.
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81 Arjuna asked Ulupi about the battle and her motives. Ulupi explained she acted to expiate Arjuna's sin of slaying Bhishma unrighteously, fulfilling a Vasus' prophecy. Arjuna praised her and invited Vabhruvahana to Yudhishthira's Horse-sacrifice, declining his son's request to enter the city due to his vow.
82 The sacrificial steed arrived in Rajagriha, where Meghasandhi challenged Arjuna to battle. Arjuna baffled Meghasandhi's arrows and spared his body. He then struck off Meghasandhi's bow, leathern fence, and flag-staff, and spared his life, telling him to attend Yudhishthira's Horse-sacrifice. The horse proceeded to other lands, where Arjuna vanquished numerous armies.
83 Arjuna followed the sacrificial steed southward, battling Sarabha and other kings. He conquered various tribes and arrived in Dwaravati, where the Yadava youths attempted to stop him. King Ugrasena intervened, and Arjuna met with Vasudeva and the Vrishni rulers, who honored him. The steed then proceeded to Gandhara.
84 The son of Sakuni led a force against Arjuna, seeking revenge. Arjuna's peaceful words were ignored, and he slaughtered the warriors, sparing the king's life. The Gandhara queen intervened, offering an Arghya and forbidding further fighting. Arjuna showed kindness, inviting the king to Yudhishthira's Horse-sacrifice.
85 Yudhishthira heard the sacrificial horse was returning with Arjuna. He summoned his brothers, and Bhima prepared a sacrificial compound with golden decorations. Kings and Brahmanas were invited, and the sacrifice was performed with ample food and drink. The entire population of Jamvudwipa attended, with thousands of nations and races present.
86 Yudhishthira told Bhimasena to honor arriving kings. Krishna arrived and was worshiped. Yudhishthira asked about Arjuna, who was near. Krishna shared Arjuna's message: honor the kings and prevent a carnage. Arjuna also requested that his son Vabhruvahana be honored. Yudhishthira approved and agreed.
87 Yudhishthira asked Krishna why Arjuna faced hardships despite his intelligence and auspicious marks. Krishna cited Arjuna's high cheekbones as the reason. An envoy arrived with a message from Arjuna, causing Yudhishthira to shed tears of joy. Arjuna arrived, was praised by citizens, and was received with honors.
88 Vabhruvahana met Kunti, Dhritarashtra, and others, and was honored. Vyasa advised Yudhishthira to begin the Horse-sacrifice, which would free him from sin. The sacrifice was performed with profuse gifts, food, and joy. None were cheerless or hungry. The priests performed the rites duly, and the sacrifice was successful.
89 Vaisampayana said, "The horse was sacrificed, and Draupadi sat near it. Yudhishthira smelled the smoke, cleansing him from sin. Vyasa praised Yudhishthira and returned the Earth, asking for its value. Yudhishthira gave away gold, and the Brahmanas divided it. The sacrifice was celebrated with abundance and delight."
90 "Janamejaya said, 'Tell me of any wonderful incident during my grandsires' sacrifice.' Vaisampayana said, 'A mongoose, half turned gold, declared the sacrifice inferior to a prastha of barley given by a Brahmana to a guest during a famine.'"
91 Janamejaya asked why a mongoose depreciated Yudhishthira's Horse-sacrifice. Vaisampayana explained that even Indra obtained sovereignty through sacrifices. Rishis advised Sakra to use seeds instead of animals, but he didn't listen. Righteous conduct, compassion, and self-control are essential for true merit, not wealth or pride.
92 Janamejaya asked about wealth acquired by lawful means. Vaisampayana told the story of Agastya's sacrifice, where Indra ceased to pour rain. Agastya declared he would perform a mental sacrifice, impressing the Rishis. Janamejaya asked about the golden-headed mongoose, who was once Anger, subdued by Jamadagni and cursed to censure sacrifices.
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1 Janamejaya asked about the Pandavas' treatment of Dhritarashtra after regaining their kingdom. Vaisampayana said they ruled with Dhritarashtra as their head, seeking his opinion and worshipping his feet. They provided comforts and food, treating him and Gandhari with respect and affection, with Bhimasena being the only exception due to past grievances.
2 Vaisampayana said, "The Pandavas worshipped Dhritarashtra, ensuring his comfort. Yudhishthira honored him, and Dhritarashtra was affectionate in return. He gave wealth to Brahmanas and performed Sraddhas for his sons. The Pandavas executed his orders, taking care not to cause grief. Gandhari showed affection to the Pandavas like her own children.
3 Dhritarashtra was unhappy, remembering his wicked son. Bhima's words pierced his heart. After 15 years, he shared his feelings with friends, regretting his actions and seeking to expiate his sins. He sought Yudhishthira's permission to retire to the woods, living an austere life with Gandhari. Yudhishthira was overcome with grief.
4 Vyasa advised Yudhishthira to grant Dhritarashtra's wish to retire to the woods, citing his old age and grief. Yudhishthira agreed, respecting Vyasa's words and acknowledging him as his preceptor. Vyasa soothed Dhritarashtra and left, and Yudhishthira promised to fulfill his wishes and those of their well-wishers.
5 Dhritarashtra advised Yudhishthira on righteous governance, emphasizing honoring learned individuals, employing loyal ministers, protecting the kingdom, and keeping counsel secret. He stressed careful decision-making, proper justice, and appropriate punishment. He also advised Yudhishthira to be mindful of weaknesses, support skilled subjects, and maintain a strong army.
6 Dhritarashtra advises Yudhishthira on statecraft, emphasizing understanding Mandalas (alliances), strengths, and weaknesses. Collect resources, set men to fit tasks, create enemy dissensions, maintain the weak, protect the kingdom, and direct efforts against enemies. Avoid war with powerful kings, seek advantages through dissensions.
7 Dhritarashtra advises Yudhishthira on war and peace, emphasizing careful consideration and preparation. Reflect on strength and weakness, gather intelligence, sow dissensions, and attack when favorable. Gather wealth, allies, and spies, and use conciliation to avoid war. Protect yourself and seek your subjects' good.
8 Dhritarashtra decides to retire to the forest, seeking Yudhishthira's permission. He invites people to his mansion to give away wealth in memory of his sons. The people, including Brahmanas and Kshatriyas, come and lament at his decision. Dhritarashtra reflects on his life, seeking their understanding.
9 Dhritarashtra addresses his subjects, acknowledging past mistakes and asking forgiveness. He introduces Yudhishthira as his successor and praises his brothers. Dhritarashtra requests forgiveness for any injuries caused and bows to his subjects, seeking pardon. The citizens, filled with tears, remain silent.
10 Citizens respond to Dhritarashtra's request, acknowledging his wisdom and expressing gratitude. They absolve Duryodhana of blame, attribute carnage to destiny, and praise Yudhishthira's virtues. They assure obedience to Yudhishthira and describe him as mild, generous, and protective. They encourage Dhritarashtra to pursue meritorious acts.
11 Vidura informs Yudhishthira of Dhritarashtra's plan to retire and perform Sraddha rituals. Yudhishthira and Arjuna agree, but Bhima hesitates, recalling Duryodhana's past. Arjuna convinces Bhima to grant permission, citing generosity and the reversal of fortune. Bhima agrees, but wants to perform the rituals himself.
12 Arjuna persuades Bhima to honor Dhritarashtra's request, citing the importance of respecting their elder and predecessors' good deeds. Yudhishthira offers Dhritarashtra wealth for the Sraddha rituals and asks Bhima not to be displeased, reminding him of his sufferings in the woods.
13 Vidura conveys Yudhishthira's offer to provide wealth for Sraddha rituals, Bhima's reluctant agreement, and the Pandavas' request for forgiveness. Vidura suggests gifts to Brahmanas, the poor, and those in distress, and recommends constructing pavilions and reservoirs. Dhritarashtra is pleased and decides to make large presents.
14 King Dhritarashtra performs a grand Sraddha-sacrifice for Bhishma and his kin, giving away vast wealth, food, and drink. Yudhishthira approves, and the gifts are distributed generously. A grand feast follows, deluging guests with food and drink. The ten-day ceremony ends, freeing the king from his debts.
15 Dhritarashtra departs for the forest, accompanied by Gandhari and daughters-in-law. The Pandavas and others follow, overcome with grief. Kunti supports Gandhari, and the household ladies wail in distress. Citizens of Hastinapore, including Brahmanas and others, come out to bid farewell, grief-stricken at the king's departure.
16 Kunti follows Dhritarashtra to the forest, feeling guilty for not revealing Karna's birth truth. Yudhishthira tries to persuade her to stay, but she is determined to retire, instructing him to make gifts for Karna's sake and care for his brothers and Draupadi. Bhima also tries to dissuade her, but she is firm.
17 Kunti explains she encouraged her sons to reclaim their kingdom to prevent the downfall of the Pandu race and avenge Draupadi's humiliation. She now wishes to retire to the woods, serve her in-laws, and attain felicity through penances, asking Yudhishthira to devote himself to righteousness.
18 Kunti decides to retire to the woods, despite the Pandavas' attempts to persuade her to return. Dhritarashtra and Gandhari also try to convince her, but she is resolute. The Kuru ladies and Pandavas bid her farewell, grief-stricken, and return to the city, while Dhritarashtra's party continues their journey.
19 King Dhritarashtra takes up residence on the Bhagirathi's banks, performs ablutions and religious rites, and meets Satayupa and Vyasa. He and his followers, including Gandhari and Kunti, practise penances, wearing barks and deer-skins, and restraining their senses. Vidura and Sanjaya wait upon them, also practising austerities.
20 Narada visits King Dhritarashtra in the forest, sharing stories of kings who attained prosperity and reached heaven through penances. He assures Dhritarashtra he will attain a high goal, joining his ancestors in heaven with Gandhari, and predicts Vidura will enter Yudhishthira.
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21 The Pandavas and citizens sorrow after King Dhritarashtra's retirement to the forest. They worry about his ability to live without comfort and praise Kunti's devotion. The Pandavas, grief-stricken, think of their parents and the slaughter of kin, unable to find peace.
22 The Pandavas grieve after their mother's departure to the forest, anxious about Kunti's well-being. They decide to visit her, with Sahadeva expressing his desire to see their mother, who was brought up in luxury but now lives in austerity. They set out with a large retinue, allowing citizens to join them.
23 The Pandavas journey to visit Dhritarashtra, with troops led by Arjuna, citizens, and inhabitants following. Each brother travels in style, with a large retinue, including Brahmanas, bards, and musicians. They march slowly, resting by rivers and lakes, until they reach Kurukshetra and behold Dhritarashtra's retreat.
24 The Pandavas arrive at Dhritarashtra's retreat, meeting their mother Kunti and aunt Gandhari. They prostrate themselves before Dhritarashtra, who recognizes them by voice and touch. They comfort each other, shedding tears of joy. The royal household and citizens gather, and Yudhishthira presents his family, filling Dhritarashtra with joy.
25 King Dhritarashtra meets his sons, the Pandavas, in his retreat. Sanjaya identifies each of them and their wives, describing their physical characteristics and virtues. The king enquires about their welfare after the ascetics depart, addressing them with polite enquiries.
26 Dhritarashtra asks Yudhishthira about his well-being and kingdom. Yudhishthira inquires about Vidura, who appears emaciated and naked. Vidura enters Yudhishthira's body through Yoga power and dies. An invisible voice tells Yudhishthira not to cremate Vidura's body, now a part of his own. Dhritarashtra is pleased.
27 The Pandavas stay in a retreat of righteous ascetics, passing the night on the bare ground. Yudhishthira surveys the retreat, beholding sacrificial altars and wildlife, and gives away gifts to the ascetics. He returns to Dhritarashtra's presence, saluting him and his mother Kunti, and great Rishis arrive, including Vyasa.
28 Vyasa asks Dhritarashtra about his forest life, grief, and family. He reveals Vidura's true nature as the deity of Righteousness and Yudhishthira's connection to Dharma. Vyasa offers to dispel doubts and accomplish a feat, showing something wonderful.
29 Janamejaya asks about Vyasa's feat after Dhritarashtra's forest residence. Vaisampayana describes the Pandavas' stay and Vyasa's arrival. Dhritarashtra expresses sorrow and guilt over his son's actions, lamenting the devastation and death. Gandhari and others grieve, and Vyasa offers to show Dhritarashtra his deceased children.
30 Kunti shares her secret with Vyasa, telling him about the birth of Karna, her son with Surya. She abandoned the infant in shame, but later learned he grew up to be a great warrior. Kunti expresses guilt and longing, asking Vyasa to grant her wish to see Karna.
31 Vyasa reveals that the Pandavas and others were incarnations of deities, and their deaths were part of a divine plan. He explains the divine origins of various characters and tells the group not to grieve, as they will be reunited with their loved ones that night.
32 Vyasa summons deceased warriors from the Bhagirathi River, including Bhishma and Drona. They arise, dressed in celestial robes, free from animosity, and accompanied by Gandharvas and Apsaras. Gandhari sees all her children and slain warriors, and Dhritarashtra is filled with joy at the amazing scene.
33 The deceased warriors and loved ones reunite, free from anger and sin, and spend a joyful night together. Vyasa tells the widows to plunge into the Bhagirathi to attain their husbands' regions, and they do so, becoming celestial and joining their husbands. The narrative brings delight and auspicious rewards.
34 Vaisampayana explains to King Janamejaya that acts have consequences, bodies are born of acts, and the primal elements are eternal. The soul is never modified by pleasure and pain and regards the body as itself until its acts are exhausted. Understanding the distinction between body and self is key to freedom from error.
35 Vyasa grants Janamejaya's wish to see his father, Parikshit, in the same form and age as when he left the world. Janamejaya beholds his father, performs the final bath in his sacrifice, and is overjoyed. Astika praises the sacrifice and tells Janamejaya he has achieved abundant merit.
36 Dhritarashtra returns to his retreat, free from grief, and the Pandavas visit him. Vyasa advises him to let go of sorrow and permit Yudhishthira to return to his kingdom. Yudhishthira is reluctant, but Gandhari and Kunti persuade him to go, and the Pandavas depart for Hastinapura.
37 Narada reports to Yudhishthira on Dhritarashtra's penances and eventual death in a forest fire, along with Gandhari and Kunti. They chose to remain and face the fire, which consumed them. Yudhishthira and his brothers grieve, and the citizens and royal household lament their fate.
38 Yudhishthira laments the death of Dhritarashtra, Gandhari, and Kunti, criticizing the deity of fire for burning Kunti despite Arjuna's past service. He imagines Kunti's fear and cries for help, wishing Sahadeva had rescued her. The Pandavas are overcome with grief, their lamentations filling the palace.
39 Narada reveals that Dhritarashtra, Gandhari, and Kunti were burnt to death by the king's own sacred fire. Yudhishthira and his brothers perform rites and make generous gifts. The king, still grieving, resumes his sovereignty, comforted by Narada's words.
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1The Vrishnis were destroyed 36 years after the great battle by an iron bolt brought forth by Samva, who was disguised as a woman. The ascetics had foretold this event, cursing the Vrishnis for their pride and wickedness. Only Krishna and Rama survived.
2The embodied form of Time appears, and evil omens arise, foreboding the destruction of the Vrishnis and Andhakas. Strange creatures are born, and the Vrishnis commit sinful acts. Krishna recognizes the signs and warns the Yadavas that their destruction is near, fulfilling Gandhari's curse.
3The Vrishnis have bad dreams and see omens of destruction. They prepare for a pilgrimage, but their revels turn into a fight. Satyaki kills Kritavarma, and the Vrishnis slaughter each other. Every blade of grass becomes a deadly iron bolt, fulfilling the Brahmanas' curse. Krishna exterminates the Vrishnis and Andhakas.
4Krishna and Daruka find Rama, and Krishna sends Daruka to inform Arjuna of the Vrishni slaughter. Vabhru is killed, and Krishna returns to the city, comforts the ladies, and leaves again to join Rama. Rama departs from the human world, and Krishna ascends to Heaven, where he is worshiped by the deities and celestial beings.
5Arjuna visits Dwaraka after the Vrishnis' slaughter and finds the city in despair. 16,000 ladies, once protected by Krishna, are now lordless. Arjuna is overcome with grief, comparing the city to a river without its alligators, Rama and Krishna. He comforts the ladies and proceeds to see his maternal uncle.
6Arjuna finds his maternal uncle, Vasudeva, grief-stricken over the loss of his sons. Vasudeva laments the destruction of the Vrishnis, attributing it to the curse of the Rishis. He entrusts Arjuna with the care of the women and children and asks him to perform his funeral rites.
7Arjuna addresses the citizens of Dwaraka, performs last rites for Vasudeva, and sets out with the Vrishni cavalcade. The ocean floods Dwaraka, and the procession is attacked by robbers. Arjuna's strength is diminished, and his celestial weapons do not appear. He settles the remnants in different places.
8Arjuna meets Vyasa, who inquires about his distress. Arjuna recounts the destruction of the Vrishnis and Krishna's departure, expressing grief and despair. Vyasa explains that the destruction was ordained and consoles Arjuna, saying Time is the root of all things and acquisitions and losses are natural.
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1The Pandavas, resolved to retire, install Parikshit as king and perform rituals. They set out on a journey, casting off sacred fires and wearing bark garments. Encountering the deity of fire, Arjuna casts off Gandiva and quivers. The brothers continue their journey, beholding Dwaraka covered by the ocean.
2The Pandavas journey north, crossing Himavat and entering a desert. Draupadi, Sahadeva, Nakula, Arjuna, and Bhima fall to the ground, each due to their individual flaws. Yudhishthira explains the reason for their fall and continues on, leaving them behind, accompanied only by a dog.
3Yudhishthira refuses to abandon the dog, citing his vow to never abandon one that is devoted to him. The dog is revealed to be the deity of Righteousness, who praises Yudhishthira for his compassion and good conduct. Yudhishthira is welcomed to Heaven and reunites with his brothers and Draupadi.
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1Yudhishthira arrives in Heaven and sees Duryodhana in prosperity, but turns back in rage. Narada intervenes, explaining that all enmities cease in Heaven and that Duryodhana attained the region for heroes through his Kshatriya practices. Yudhishthira asks about his brothers and other heroes, seeking to know their regions.
2Yudhishthira journeys through a treacherous region, hearing the lamentations of those in pain. He is shocked to find his brothers and companions, including Karna and Draupadi, suffering in this place. He questions the justice of the gods and decides to stay with his companions, comforting them with his presence.
3Indra and the gods reveal Yudhishthira's journey through Hell was an illusion to test his devotion. He passes the test, is reunited with his brothers and companions, and enjoys the fruits of his good deeds. He is bathed in the celestial Ganga, assumes a celestial form, and is praised by the gods and Rishis.
4Yudhishthira sees Krishna, Karna, Bhimasena, and others in their celestial forms. Indra explains that Draupadi was created for Yudhishthira's pleasure and their sons are now Gandharvas. Yudhishthira sees other heroes, including Satyaki, Abhimanyu, and Bhishma, who have attained celestial status through their merit.
5Vaishampayana explains the fate of characters after death, including Bhishma, Drona, Karna, and others. The text also describes the benefits of reciting or listening to the Mahabharata, including attaining Heaven, victory, or Emancipation, and washing off sins.
6Janamejaya asks Vaishampayana about properly listening to the Mahabharata. Vaishampayana explains the rituals and offerings, including food and gifts for Brahmanas, and emphasizes faith and devotion. He notes the benefits of reciting the Mahabharata, including spiritual growth and attainment of celestial rewards. The text is sacred and should be revered, guiding seekers of spiritual enlightenment.
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10 words

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1-1 Om! Bowing to Narayana, Nara, and Saraswati, the word Jaya must be uttered.
1-2 The Rishis asked Sauti about Samanta-panchaka. Sauti explained that Rama, son of Jamadagni, created five lakes of blood there, making it a holy site.
2-3 Janamejaya's brothers beat a celestial dog, Sarama cursed them, and Janamejaya sought absolution.
2-4 Ayoda-Dhaumya's disciples endured tests, invoking divine help. Upamanyu regained his sight, and Aruni used his body to block water. Janamejaya avenged his father's death with a snake sacrifice.
3-5 Saunaka asks Sauti about the Bhrigu race's history.
3-6 "Sauti said, 'The Rakshasa seized her, Chyavana dropped, Rakshasa turned ashes.'"
3-7 Agni argued his case; Brahma resolved it, preserving purity.
3-8 Chyavana, son of Bhrigu, begot Pramati, who begot Ruru.
3-9 "Sauti said, 'Ruru wept in the forest; a heavenly messenger revived Pramadvara.'"
3-10 Ruru spared Dundubha, a cursed Rishi, from being killed.
3-11 "Sauti continued: 'A Brahmana should be mild and spare life.'"
3-12 "Sauti continued, 'Ruru asked about Janamejaya's serpent sacrifice and Astika's intervention.'"
3-13 Jaratkaru seeks marriage to save his ancestors' lineage.
4-14 "Vasuki offered his sister Jaratkaru, and Jaratkaru accepted her."
4-15 Sauti said, "Astika saved the Nagas and fulfilled his sacred duties."
4-16 Saunaka requested Sauti to narrate Astika's story. Sauti began with Prajapati's daughters Kadru and Vinata marrying Kasyapa.
4-17 Sauti said, 'The divine steed Uchchaihsravas arose from the Ocean.'
4-18 Gods and Asuras churn ocean for nectar, Shiva swallows poison.
4-19 Vishnu retrieves Amrita, beheads Rahu, and defeats Danavas.
4-20 Kadru cursed her sons, the snakes, to be consumed by Agni.
4-21 Sauti described the Ocean, vast and deep, full of creatures.
4-22 Nagas obeyed Kadru, transforming into horse tail hairs.
4-23 Garuda, born from an egg, grew rapidly, his splendor equal to fire.
4-24 Garuda diminished his size and energy, then flew to his mother's side with Aruna.
4-25 Garuda carried snakes on his back, but they swooned in the Sun's heat.
4-26 Indra's clouds poured water, flooding the earth, delighting the snakes.
4-27 Nagas arrived at the island, asked Garuda for another fair island, and demanded amrita for freedom.
4-28 Garuda asked Vinata what to eat, and she told him to eat Nishadas, warning him to spare Brahmanas.
4-29 Kasyapa told Garuda to eat an elephant and tortoise, formerly brothers cursed by greed.
4-30 Garuda flew to Gandhamadana, warned by Kasyapa, and later flew off after eating his prey, prompting the gods to prepare for battle.
4-31 Indra insulted the Valakhilyas, leading to Garuda's birth as a powerful bird.
4-32 Garuda attacked the gods, mangled the Yakshas, and extinguished the fire to reach the amrita.
4-33 Garuda obtained the Soma, met Vishnu, and became his carrier, casting a admired feather after Indra's thunderbolt.
4-34 Garuda boasted about his strength, refused to give Indra the Soma, and devoured the snakes.
4-35 Saunaka asked Sauti to list the principal snakes, and Sauti recited 64 names.
4-36 Sesha, the eldest snake, supported the Earth with his head, earning Brahma's praise as the god Dharma.
4-37 Vasuki sought to stop the sacrifice, rejecting his brothers' evil plans, seeking a righteous solution.
4-38 Elapatra said fate was the snakes' only refuge, and Vasuki's sister's marriage to Rishi Jaratkaru would be their release.
4-39 Vasuki raised his sister Jaratkaru, appealed to Brahma, and awaited the Rishi Jaratkaru's request for a wife to save their race.
4-40 Saunaka asked about Jaratkaru's name and Astika's birth, leading to a story about King Parikshit's encounter with the silent Jaratkaru.
4-41 Sringin cursed King Parikshit to die by snakebite, but his father Jaratkaru disapproved, advocating forgiveness.
4-42 Samika tried to forgive the king and counsel his son, but Sringin's curse stood. The king built a protected mansion, while Kasyapa rushed to cure him.
5-43 Takshaka challenged Kasyapa, then deceived the king with poisoned fruit, killing him.
5-44 Janamejaya, a wise and brave young king, married Vapushtama and lived happily.
5-45 Jaratkaru's ancestors, trapped in a hole, begged him to save them by having a son.
5-46 Jaratkaru sought a bride with his name, to save his ancestors. Vasuki offered a maiden, but Jaratkaru hesitated.
5-47 Vasuki's sister married Jaratkaru, became pregnant, and woke him for prayers, but he left, revealing their child's future virtue.
5-48 Jaratkaru's wife went to Vasuki, distraught over her husband's departure. Vasuki hoped for a son to save their race, and she gave birth to radiant Astika.
5-49 Janamejaya asked about his father Parikshit's life and death, learning that he was a virtuous king who was cursed by a Rishi while hunting.
5-50 Janamejaya vowed to avenge his father's death, killed by Takshaka's poison, and exterminate the snake race.
```Here's the HTML code for the table with the specified formatting: ```html < td style="background-color:#99CCFF;">5-89 Yayati, a former king, fell from heaven due to pride, sharing his story with Ashtaka.
5-51 King Janamejaya planned a snake-sacrifice to kill Takshaka, but a builder warned of an interruption by a Brahmana.
5-52 Snakes fell into the fire, trembling with fear, perishing in large numbers.
5-53 Snakes fell into the fire, filling the air with cries and stench, as Vasuki appealed to his sister to save them.
5-54 Astika promised to save the snakes from Kadru's curse and stop the sacrifice.
5-55 Astika praised King Janamejaya's sacrifice, comparing it to legendary ones.
5-56 King Janamejaya wanted to grant Astika a boon, but only if Takshaka was present.
5-57 Sauti listed snakes that fell into the fire, including Kotisa, Manasa, Purna, and others.
5-58 Astika told Takshaka to "stay" three times, sparing him from the fire. The king granted Astika's boon, ending the sacrifice.
5-59 Saunaka asked Sauti to recite the Mahabharata, a sacred history.
5-60 Vyasa arrived at Janamejaya's snake sacrifice, revered by all.
5-61 Vaisampayana recited the history of the Pandavas, persecuted by the Kurus.
5-62 Janamejaya asked Vaisampayana to recite the entire Mahabharata.
5-63 Vaisampayana tells the story of the Mahabharata, a tale of heroism and duty, featuring Uparichara, Parasara, Bhishma, Vidura, and the Pandavas and Kauravas.
5-64 Janamejaya asks about the Pandavas and Kauravas' birth. Vaisampayana explains that Kshatriya women had children with Brahmanas, restarting the Kshatriya race.
5-65 Vaisampayana tells Janamejaya about the birth of gods and demons, including Aditi's sons, the twelve Adityas.
5-66 Vaisampayana tells Janamejaya about the birth of gods and demons, including Aditi's sons, the twelve Adityas.
5-67 Vaisampayana tells Janamejaya about the birth of gods and demons from Brahman's sons.
5-68 Janamejaya asks about the Kuru dynasty, and Vaisampayana describes King Dushmanta's virtuous reign.
5-69 King Dushmanta enters the forest with his force, hunting and killing deer and tigers, causing a disturbance.
5-70 King Dushmanta enters a beautiful forest, then an asylum like the region of the celestials, where he sees many Rishis, including Kasyapa.
5-71 King Dushmanta meets Sakuntala, a beautiful maiden, in Rishi Kanwa's hermitage.
5-72 Menaka tempted Viswamitra, resulting in Sakuntala's birth. Kanwa adopted her, naming her Sakuntala.
5-73 King Dushmanta wedded Sakuntala, promising their son would be his heir. Kanwa approved, predicting greatness.
5-74 King Dushmanta married Sakuntala with Kanwa's blessing.
5-75 Yayati, a great king, ruled the Earth, performed sacrifices, and respected the gods.
5-76 Kacha learned reviving science from Sukra, was slain and revived three times.
5-77 Devayani asked Kacha to marry her, but he refused, citing their preceptor-student relationship.
5-78 Devayani, Sukra's daughter, was thrown into a well by Sarmishtha, but rescued by Yayati.
5-79 Sukra advised Devayani to forgive and conquer anger, but she sought a place where good behavior was valued.
5-80 Sukra threatened to leave Vrishaparvan over Devayani's mistreatment, but was placated when Sarmishtha became Devayani's waiting-maid.
5-81 Devayani proposed to King Yayati, and they married with her father Sukra's blessing.
5-82 Sarmishtha persuaded Yayati to father her child, arguing she was Devayani's equal.
5-83 Devayani discovered Sarmishtha's secret, felt wronged, and sought her father's help, leading to Yayati's curse.
5-84 Yayati asked his sons to take his decrepitude, but all refused except Puru, who accepted and received a blessing.
5-85 Yayati installed Puru as king, citing his obedience, and retired to the woods.
5-86 King Yayati retired to the forest, lived a simple life, and later ascended to heaven.
5-87 King Yayati fell from heaven for disregarding others, but was received with kindness by Ashtaka and wise men.
5-88 King Yayati fell from heaven for pride, but was received with kindness by Ashtaka and wise men.
5-90 Yayati explained the cycle of rebirth to Ashtaka, emphasizing humility and virtue.
5-91 Yayati explained duties of life stages: humility, self-control, charity, and detachment for spiritual growth.
5-92 Yayati: Wisdom leads to salvation, not gifts. I refuse merits offered, committed to virtue.
5-93 Yayati, a wise king, refused gifts, emphasizing earned virtue and truth, inspiring others to live virtuously.
5-94 Puru's descendants: virtuous kings, sacrifices, and prowess.
5-95 Vaisampayana recites Janamejaya's ancestral history, covering 50 generations, from Manu to the Pandavas.
5-96 Ganga keeps eighth child, Bhishma, and raises him as her own, granting him a long life and exceptional abilities.
5-97 King Pratipa's ascetic penances at Ganges source summoned Ganga, who became Santanu's wife and mother of Bhishma.
5-98 Ganga threw their children into the river, revealing her true identity and freeing the Vasus from a curse, leaving Santanu with their surviving child, Gangadatta.
5-99 Ganga explained the Vasus' theft of Nandini led to a curse, and they were thrown into the river, except Dyu (Gangadatta), who remained on earth.
5-100 Bhishma vowed to renounce the throne and remain celibate to grant his father's desire, ensuring Satyavati's son would inherit.
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5-101 Chitrangada slain, Vichitravirya installed as king by Bhishma.
5-102 Bhishma won three brides for Vichitravirya, but one left for another suitor.
5-103 Satyavati begged Bhishma to marry, but he refused, citing his vow.
5-104 Bhishma told the story of Dirghatamas, a blind Rishi who revived the Kshatriya race.
5-105 Satyavati asked Vyasa to beget children with Vichitravirya's widows.
5-106 Vyasa met the princess, who feared his appearance, and begot three sons.
5-107 Mandavya, a devoted ascetic, was wrongly accused and impaled, leading to a curse.
5-108 Mandavya cursed the god of justice to be born in the Sudra order, resulting in his birth as Vidura.
5-109 The kingdom of the Kurus prospered, with a fertile land and happy people.
5-110 Bhishma chose Gandhari, who married Dhritarashtra despite his blindness, and she pleased the Kurus with her devotion.
5-111 Kunti summoned the sun god, Surya, and gave birth to Karna, who was abandoned and adopted by Radha and her husband.
5-112 Pritha chose Pandu, the mighty king, in an assembly, and they were married with blessings.
5-113 Bhishma arranged Pandu's marriage to Madri, and Pandu later conquered many kingdoms, returning to Hastinapura in triumph.
5-114 Pandu retired to the woods, living freely with his wives, like a god.
5-115 Gandhari bore 100 sons, including Duryodhana, and Dhritarashtra had Karna with a maid.
5-116 Gandhari wished for a daughter, and the Rishi created Duhsala from a separate part.
5-117 Dhritarashtra's 100 sons, including Duryodhana and Duhsasana, and daughter Duhsala.
5-118 Pandu killed a deer (Rishi Kindama's son) during intercourse, receiving a curse: "You will die during sex."
5-119 Pandu renounced his kingdom and family to lead a life of asceticism in the woods with his wives.
5-120 Pandu asked Kunti to bear him a son through a Brahmana, citing a precedent.
5-121 Kunti refused to consider another man, telling the story of Bhadra, who bore children through her dead husband's corpse, and urging Pandu to do the same.
5-122 Pandu asked Kunti to bear a son through a Brahmana, revealing his own inability. Kunti agreed, revealing a boon to summon a celestial for a child, and Pandu chose the god of justice, Dharma.
5-123 Kunti gave birth to Bhima and Arjuna, and celestials celebrated Arjuna's birth, announcing his greatness. Kunti refused Pandu's request to invoke another god.
5-124 Madri asked Pandu for children, Kunti helped, and the twin Aswins fathered Nakula and Sahadeva.
5-125 Pandu died in Madri's arms due to the curse. Madri joined him on the funeral pyre, with Kunti's permission.
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5-126 Rishis arrived in Hastinapura, announced Pandu's death, introduced his divine sons, and vanished, leaving the Kurus to care for the Pandavas.
5-127 Dhritarashtra ordered a grand funeral for Pandu, with a procession and mourning that lasted twelve days.
5-128 Bhima's strength made Duryodhana jealous, who plotted to kill him, but Nagas rescued Bhima, granting him immense strength.
5-129 Bhima, thrown into the Ganga by Duryodhana, returned home strong after drinking nectar in the Nagas' kingdom.
5-130 Kripa was born from a clump of heath and adopted by King Santanu.
5-131 Drona, son of Bharadwaja, was born from a vessel and became a renowned teacher.
5-132 Drona's friendship offer was rejected by King Drupada, who scorned him for his lack of wealth and power.
5-133 Drona, a skilled warrior, arrived in Hastinapura, seeking redemption.
5-134 Drona taught the Kauravas and Pandavas, favoring Arjuna.
5-135 Arjuna shot a bird's head off, impressing Drona, who later gave him the Brahmasira weapon.
5-136 Drona showcased his pupils' skills, impressing the king and spectators.
5-137 Arjuna entered, equipped and armored, delighting the assembly, who exclaimed, "This is Kunti's son!"
5-138 Karna, born of Pritha and the Sun, challenged Arjuna, "I will excel you!"
5-139 Vaisampayana said, "Karna bowed, and the charioteer embraced him, bedewing his head with tears."
5-140 Drona demanded Drupada's capture as his fee.
5-141 Dhritarashtra made Yudhishthira heir-apparent, and the Pandavas excelled in strength and warfare.
5-142 Kanika advised King Dhritarashtra to destroy his enemies, the Pandavas, by any means.
5-143 Duryodhana plots to burn the Pandavas alive, but Vidura warns Kunti, helping them escape.
5-144 Dhritarashtra hesitates, torn between his son's request and justice.
5-145 Pandavas enticed to Varanavata, unaware of danger ahead.
5-146 Duryodhana plots to burn Pandavas alive in Varanavata.
5-147 Pandavas depart for Varanavata, aware of danger ahead.
5-148 Pandavas welcomed in Varanavata, Yudhishthira detects danger.
5-149 Vidura's friend builds secret tunnel for Pandavas' escape.
5-150 Pandavas escape burning house of lac through secret tunnel.
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5-151 Vidura's agent helps Pandavas escape by boat.
5-152 Pandavas escape, cross Ganga, and reach forest, where Bhima carries them to safety.
5-153 Bhima carried his family through a dense forest, breaking through trees and plants, and kept watch over them as they slept.
5-154 Rakshasa's sister falls in love with Bhima, warns him of brother's intentions, but Bhima refuses to abandon family.
5-155 Bhima battles Rakshasa Hidimva, emerges victorious, and saves his family.
5-156 Pandavas awake, Hidimva reveals her betrayal, Bhima slays Rakshasa, and they escape forest.
5-157 Hidimva stayed with Bhima, bore Ghatotkacha, a mighty warrior, and later bid farewell.
5-158 Pandavas wandered as ascetics, met Vyasa, who predicted their conquest and happy rule.
5-159 Kunti and Pandavas lived in a Brahmana's home, surviving on alms. Bhima killed a demon, freeing the town.
5-160 Brahmana's wife offered herself to demon Bakasura, prioritizing family's safety over her own life.
5-161 Daughter offers herself to demon Bakasura to save family, inspiring hope in desperate situation.
5-162 Kunti asked the Brahmana about his distress, learning that a Rakshasa named Vaka demanded a human sacrifice.
5-163 Kunti offered her son to deliver the tribute to the Rakshasa, but the Brahmana refused, citing the sin of sacrificing a Brahmana.
5-164 Yudhishthira questioned Kunti's decision, citing Bhima's importance, but Kunti was confident in Bhima's strength.
5-165 Bhima taunted Vaka, who attacked him, but Bhima emerged victorious, killing the Rakshasa and saving the day.
5-166 Vaka, the Rakshasa, was killed by Bhima, freeing the town from terror.
5-167 The Pandavas, after slaying Vaka, lived with a Brahmana, studying the Vedas, and heard tales of Draupadi's extraordinary birth.
5-168 Drona, born from a pot, sought revenge against Drupada, who had refused to acknowledge him as a friend.
5-169 King Drupada's sacrifice resulted in twins Dhrishtadyumna and Draupadi, destined to play a crucial role in the Pandavas' battle.
5-170 Kunti suggested leaving for Panchala, a new country with abundant alms.
5-171 Vyasa revealed Draupadi as the Pandavas' destined wife, leading them to Panchala.
5-172 Gandharva clashed with Pandavas over Ganga access. Arjuna won, sparing his life, and received gifts and wisdom.
5-173 Gandharva told Arjuna the story of Tapati, whose beauty captivated King Samvarana, making him her husband.
5-174 Samvarana implores Tapati to accept him, but she says she's under her father's control.
5-175 Vasishtha helped King Samvarana marry Tapati, showcasing his importance as a priest for royal success.
5-176 Nandini, Vasishtha's cow, routed Viswamitra's troops and led him to renounce his kingdom for asceticism.
5-177 Vasishtha and Viswamitra's rivalry began over spiritual power.
5-178 King Kalmashapada was cursed for refusing to yield way, turning him into a Rakshasa.
5-179 Vasishtha reunited with his family and freed King Kalmashapada from a curse.
5-180 Vasishtha's grandson Parasara vowed to destroy the world, but Vasishtha shared a story to guide him towards peace.
5-181 Aurva sought vengeance, but his ancestors urged him to control his wrath and choose peace.
5-182 Aurva's wrath was redirected into the ocean, transforming into Vadavamukha.
5-183 Parasara's sacrifice was stopped by Pulastya and others, who urged him to choose peace.
5-184 King Kalmashapada was cursed to die if he united with his wife, so Vasishtha fathered a son with the queen instead.
5-185 Pandavas found priest Dhaumya, receiving his blessings.
5-186 Pandavas invited to Draupadi's Swayamvara, a grand festival.
5-187 Pandavas arrived in Panchala for Draupadi's Swayamvara.
5-188 Dhrishtadyumna presented kings and princes to compete for Draupadi's hand.
5-189 Princes vied for Draupadi's hand, but failed until Arjuna stepped forward.
5- 190 Arjuna strung the bow, shot the mark, and won Draupadi's hand.
5-191 Monarchs plotted against Drupada, but Bhima and Arjuna stood ready to defend.
5-192 Arjuna and Bhima fought as Brahmanas, impressing all with their skills.
5-193 Kunti's mistake led to the Pandavas sharing Draupadi as their wife.
5-194 Dhrishtadyumna observed the Pandavas, then reported to King Drupada, revealing their identity.
5-195 Dhrishtadyumna told King Drupada about the Pandavas, confirming their identity as Pandu's sons.
5-196 King Drupada prepared a grand feast for Draupadi's wedding, welcoming the Pandavas with a grand meal and utensils of war on display.
5-197 King Drupada learned the Pandavas' true identity and agreed to let them marry Draupadi, despite initial reservations about their shared wife custom.
5-198 Vyasa arrived, and Drupada asked about the propriety of one woman marrying five men, with Yudhishthira arguing it was virtuous and others expressing reservations.
5-199 Vyasa revealed to Drupada that the Pandavas were former Indras reborn, with Draupadi as their common wife.
5-200 Drupada accepted fate and proceeded with the wedding, gifting the Pandavas with wealth and riches.
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5-201 Kunti blessed Krishna, wishing her happiness and prosperity.
5-202 Monarchs were shocked to learn Draupadi married the Pandavas, thought to have perished.
5-203 Dhritarashtra sought advice to weaken Pandavas without alerting Vidura.
5-204 Karna advised Duryodhana to use force against the Pandavas.
5-205 Bhishma advised peace with Pandavas, sharing kingdom.
5-206 missing
5-207 Vidura urged Dhritarashtra to listen to Bhishma and Drona, saying the Pandavas were equally entitled to the kingdom.
5-208 Dhritarashtra acknowledged the Pandavas as his sons and ordered Vidura to bring them to Hastinapura.
5-209 Drupada agreed to let the Pandavas return to Hastinapura, receiving a warm welcome.
5-210 Janamejaya asked about the Pandavas' life in Indraprastha, and Vaisampayana replied that they lived happily and ruled virtuously.
5-211 Narada told Yudhishthira about Sunda and Upasunda, brothers who gained boons from Brahman, but were vulnerable only to each other.
5-212 Narada described Sunda and Upasunda's conquest, causing chaos and devastation, and plunging the world into darkness.
5-213 Brahman created Tilottama, a celestial maiden, to tempt the Asura brothers with her extraordinary beauty.
5-214 Narada warned the Pandavas against quarreling over Draupadi, citing the fate of the Asura brothers who killed each other over Tilottama.
5-215 Arjuna exiled himself for 12 years after entering Yudhishthira's chamber, upholding truth and virtue.
5-216 Arjuna, taken by Ulupi, spent the night with her and received a boon, showcasing his compassion and virtue.
5-217 Arjuna married Chitrangada in Manipura, stayed for three years, and had a son before continuing his journey.
5-218 Arjuna bathed in Saubhadra, dragged out a crocodile, which transformed into Varga, an Apsara, freed from a curse.
5-219 Varga and friends, cursed into crocodiles, were freed by Arjuna, restoring their celestial forms. They thanked him, joyful, and departed.
5-220 Arjuna and Krishna reunited, shared stories, and spent time together at Raivataka mountain and Dwaraka, receiving warm welcomes and honoring each other's company.
5-221 Arjuna fell for Krishna's sister Bhadra at a festival, and Krishna suggested a bold plan to win her hand in marriage.
5-222 Arjuna abducted Subhadra, sparking outrage among the Yadavas, led by Valadeva, who awaited Krishna's decision on the crisis.
5-223 Krishna attended Arjuna's wedding to Subhadra, bringing gifts. Their son Abhimanyu became a great warrior, and Draupadi's sons also became warriors, bringing joy to the Pandavas.
5-224 The Pandavas ruled with virtue, bringing happiness. Arjuna and Krishna enjoyed a riverside outing, when a radiant Brahmana approached them.
5-225 Agni, satiated after 12 years, sought Brahman's help. He was told to consume Khandava forest, but was thwarted until Arjuna and Krishna assisted him.
5-226 Agni sought help from Arjuna and Krishna to consume the Khandava forest, and they agreed, requesting suitable weapons and a car.
5-227 Agni granted Arjuna and Krishna divine weapons to help consume the Khandava forest, surrounded by flames.
5-228 Arjuna and Krishna slaughtered creatures in the burning Khandava forest, as Indra's rain failed to extinguish the flames.
5-229 Arjuna and Krishna fought against Indra and the celestials, deflecting their attacks with their weapons. Agni blazed forth, and the battle raged on.
5-230 Krishna and Arjuna fought against the celestials, emerging victorious with their powerful weapons.
5-231 The Sarngakas were spared from the forest fire due to their father Mandapala's praise to Agni.
5-232 Jarita's infant birds chose to face the fire, considering it a more noble death than being eaten by a mouse.
5-233 Jarita's sons refused to enter a hole to escape the fire, fearing other mice. They told her to save herself and find a new husband.
5-234 The four brothers praised Agni, asking for protection. Drona asked Agni to spare them and burn the cats instead. Agni agreed, saving their lives.
5-235 Mandapala worried about his children, but his wife Lapita accused him of still loving his first wife Jarita. Jarita arrived, rebuked him, and the children eventually worshiped him.
5-236 Agni offered boons to Arjuna and Krishna, granting their wishes. Indra ascended to heaven, and Agni praised the two heroes, granting them freedom.
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2-1 Maya Danava, grateful to Arjuna, built a celestial-like palace for Yudhishthira, impressing the Pandavas.
2-2 Krishna bid farewell to the Pandavas, embracing them emotionally, and departed for Dwaraka.
2-3 Maya built a golden palace for the Pandavas with a tank and charming grounds.
2-4 King Yudhishthira entered the palace with athletes, mimes, and bards, surrounded by Rishis, kings, and Gandharvas.
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2-2-1 King Yudhishthira entered the palace, surrounded by laughter and music.
2-2-2 Yudhishthira asked Narada about more magnificent assembly rooms. Narada described the celestial rooms of Yama, Varuna, Indra, Kuvera, and Brahma.
2-2-3 Narada described Indra's celestial assembly room, a place of great beauty and splendor.
2-2-4 Narada described Yama's assembly house as a place of beauty and splendor.
2-2-5 Narada described Varuna's Sabha as a place of unparalleled splendor.
2-2-6 Narada described Vaisravana's assembly house, built by his ascetic power.
2-2-7 Narada described Brahma's assembly house as a celestial mansion of delight.
2-2-8 Narada told Yudhishthira about King Harishchandra's greatness and urged him to perform the Rajasuya sacrifice.
2-2-9 Yudhishthira sought Krishna's guidance on performing the Rajasuya sacrifice.
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2-3-1 Krishna told Yudhishthira that Jarasandha was an obstacle to performing the Rajasuya sacrifice.
2-3-2 Yudhishthira praised Krishna's intelligence, doubting the sacrifice due to Jarasandha.
2-3-3 Yudhishthira feared for their safety, but Arjuna encouraged him to fight Jarasandha.
2-3-4 Jarasandha's birth: Two queens ate a magical mango, gave birth to half-bodies, united by a Rakshasa woman.
2-3-5 Jara united the king's son's bodies, bringing him to life, then disappeared.
2-3-6 Jarasandha ruled wisely, but became Krishna's enemy, showing his strength by hurling a mace towards Mathura.
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2-4-1 Krishna, Arjuna, and Bhima went to defeat Jarasandha, believed to be already beaten by the trio's strength.
2-4-2 Krishna, Arjuna, and Bhima entered Magadha, broke the Chaityaka peak, and challenged Jarasandha to a fight.
2-4-3 Krishna challenged Jarasandha to a fight, accusing him of wrongful capture and sacrifice of other kings.
2-4-4 Bhima and Jarasandha engaged in a fierce wrestling match, fighting for 13 days until Bhima emerged victorious with a final blow.
2-4-5 Krishna, Bhima, and Arjuna defeated Jarasandha, freeing Krishna's relatives and returning to Indraprastha in triumph.
2-4-6 Arjuna and his brothers conquered their respective directions, with Yudhishthira's blessing.
2-4-7 Arjuna conquered northern kingdoms and tribes, exacting tributes and uniting with kings.
2-4-8 Arjuna conquered northern regions, obtained horses, and returned to Sakraprastha with wealth.
2-4-9 Bhimasena conquered eastern kingdoms, defeating Rochamana and others.
2-4-10 Bhima conquered many kingdoms, defeating powerful kings and exacting wealth and tributes.
2-4-11 Sahadeva conquered many kings and tribes, defeating king Nila with Agni's help, and returned to his kingdom with great wealth.
2-4-12 Nakula conquered the western direction, defeating various tribes and kingdoms, and returned to Indraprastha with a vast treasure.
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2-5-1 Yudhishthira's kingdom prospered, and he performed a grand sacrifice with Krishna's encouragement, gifting cows, gold, and treasures to Brahmanas.
2-5-2 Nakula invites Kuru elders to Yudhishthira's sacrifice. Many kings attend, including Karna and Salya. Yudhishthira assigns grand mansions and entertains them with feasts and gifts.
2-5-3 Yudhishthira asks for help from Bhishma, Drona, and others to conduct the Rajasuya sacrifice. Kings bring tributes and honor him with jewels.
2-5-4 Narada recognizes Krishna as supreme lord Narayana. Bhishma suggests honoring Krishna first, but Sisupala objects, sparking tension.
2-5-5 Sisupala criticizes Yudhishthira for worshipping Krishna, calling him unworthy and comparing him to a dog.
2-5-6 Bhishma defends Krishna's worthiness of worship, citing his strength and wisdom.
2-5-7 Sahadeva declares devotion to Krishna, while Sisupala rallies kings to oppose him.
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2-6-1 Yudhishthira seeks Bhishma's counsel as kings protest Krishna's worship. Bhishma compares them to dogs barking at a sleeping lion.
2-6-2 Sisupala criticizes Bhishma, accusing him of hypocrisy and ignorance, mocking his praise of Krishna and citing his past mistakes.
2-6-3 Sisupala ridicules Krishna, calling him a coward, and insults Bhishma. Bhima is enraged, but Bhishma calms him down. Sisupala taunts Bhima, challenging him to fight.
2-6-4 Bhishma tells the story of Sisupala's birth and how Krishna spared his life, despite ominous signs and Sisupala's wicked nature.
2-6-5 The king of Chedi, enraged by Bhishma's praise of Krishna, accuses him of being foolish and dares him to summon Krishna to battle.
2-6-6 Krishna kills Sisupala, forgiving his 100 offenses, and his energy enters Krishna's body.
2-6-7 Vyasa predicts the destruction of Kshatriyas in 13 years and departs, leaving Yudhishthira anxious.
2-6-8 Duryodhana, filled with jealousy, mistakes crystal surfaces for water and doors, causing him to fall and injure himself.
2-6-9 Sakuni advises Duryodhana to challenge Yudhishthira to a game of dice.
2-6-10 Duryodhana plots with Sakuni to challenge Yudhishthira to a game of dice.
2-6-11 Duryodhana seeks revenge against Yudhishthira, fueled by jealousy and wounded pride.
2-6-12 Duryodhana describes the wealth at Yudhishthira's court, fueling his jealousy.
2-6-13 Duryodhana describes Yudhishthira's court, filled with wealth and tribute, fueling his jealousy.
2-6-14 Duryodhana describes Yudhishthira's grand sacrifice, feeling jealous and distressed.
2-6-15 Dhritarashtra advises Duryodhana to not be jealous, be content, and value perseverance.
2-6-16 Duryodhana scolds Dhritarashtra, determined to surpass the Pandavas or die trying.
2-6-17 Sakuni offers to help Duryodhana win Yudhishthira's prosperity through a game of dice.
2-6-18 Vidura warns Dhritarashtra of the dangers of playing dice with Yudhishthira.
2-6-19 Vidura invites Yudhishthira to play dice in Hastinapore, but he's hesitant, knowing gambling can lead to quarrels.
2-6-20 Yudhishthira is invited to play dice by Sakuni, but he's reluctant, calling gambling sinful.
2-6-21 Yudhishthira and Duryodhana play dice, with Sakuni casting. Yudhishthira loses the first round.
2-6-22 Yudhishthira stakes his wealth against Sakuni's unfair dice playing, offering royal car, serving girls, and elephants. Sakuni wins each time, depleting Yudhishthira's fortunes.
2-6-23 Vidura warns Dhritarashtra about Duryodhana's destructive nature, urging a peaceful relationship with the Pandavas to avoid regret and destruction.
2-6-24 Vidura warns Dhritarashtra that gambling will lead to destruction and advises against quarreling with the Pandavas.
2-6-25 Duryodhana accuses Vidura of disloyalty, favoring Pandavas. Vidura defends his guidance, warns of destruction.
2-6-26 Sakuni taunts Yudhishthira, who stakes his brothers and himself, but Sakuni wins using unfair means. He then suggests staking Draupadi, shocking the assembly.
2-6-27 Vidura rebukes Duryodhana for mistreating Draupadi, warning of dire consequences for the Kuru dynasty.
2-6-28 Vidura warns Duryodhana: "Humiliating Draupadi will destroy our dynasty."
2-6-29 Draupadi appeals to the assembly, questioning her status as servant or princess, while Bhishma declines to answer.
2-6-30 Duryodhana tells Draupadi her fate depends on her husbands, while Bhima boasts of his strength, restrained by respect for Yudhishthira.
2-6-31 Duryodhana taunts Draupadi, Bhima vows revenge, Vidura warns of calamity, and Dhritarashtra grants Draupadi two boons.
2-6-32 Bhima's rage boils over, but Yudhishthira calms him, pleading for peace.
2-6-33 Dhritarashtra advises Yudhishthira to rule with wisdom and peace.
2-6-34 Duryodhana manipulates Dhritarashtra to summon the Pandavas back for a new dice game.
2-6-35 Gandhari warns Dhritarashtra of impending doom, but he refuses to listen.
2 -6-36 Yudhishthira accepts Sakuni's dice proposal, despite knowing the risks, and prepares for exile.
2-6-37 Pandavas depart for exile, vowing revenge against Duryodhana and his allies.
2-6-38 Yudhishthira bids farewell, thanks Vidura, and departs into exile.
2-6-39 Kunti bids a tearful farewell to her sons, lamenting their fate.
2-6-40 Dhritarashtra asks Vidura about the Pandavas' departure, and Vidura describes their gestures and symbols.
2-6-41 Dhritarashtra fears battling the Pandavas, and Sanjaya warns him of devastating consequences.
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3-1 Citizens follow Pandavas, grieving and censuring elders. Pandavas ask them to return, and they bid farewell.
3-2 Pandavas leave Hastinapura, citizens follow, pleading to stay. Pandavas ask them to return, and continue to the Ganges, surrounded by Brahmanas.
3-3 Yudhishthira seeks refuge in the sun, recites a hymn, and receives a boon: inexhaustible food and a copper vessel.
3-4 Vidura advises Dhritarashtra to make amends with the Pandavas, but the king refuses, prioritizing his son.
3-5 Vidura visits the Pandavas in exile, warning of the Kuru race's downfall due to Dhritarashtra's stubbornness.
3-6 Dhritarashtra reunites with Vidura, forgiving and praising him.
3-7 Duryodhana plots to kill the Pandavas, but is thwarted by Krishna-Dwaipayana.
3-8 Vyasa warns Dhritarashtra to restrain Duryodhana's evil plans.
3-9 Dhritarashtra confesses to Vyasa his helplessness to stop the gambling match.
3-10 Maitreya warns Dhritarashtra of the Pandavas' strength and curses Duryodhana to be struck down by Bhima.
3-11 Vidura tells of Bhima's battle with Kirmira, a vengeful Rakshasa, and his victorious triumph.
3-12 Krishna regrets not preventing the Pandavas' downfall, blames his absence, and reaffirms his support.
3-13 Krishna regrets not stopping the gambling match, blames his absence, and offers support.
3-14 Krishna explains his absence: he defeated Salwa, a vengeful king, and then rushed to Hastinapur to aid the Pandavas.
3-15 Vasudeva describes Dwaraka's strong fortifications and defenses, comparing its strength to Indra's city.
3-16 Vasudeva's sons fight bravely against Salwa's army, but the Yadavas waver until Pradyumna rallies them.
3-17 Pradyumna fights bravely against Salwa, falls wounded, but ultimately emerges victorious.
3-18 Pradyumna scolds his charioteer for fleeing, demanding a return to battle to fight Salwa or die trying.
3-19 Pradyumna's charioteer skillfully guides horses into battle, Pradyumna shows prowess, celestials intervene, revealing Salwa's fate is to be killed by Krishna.
3-20 Vasudeva (Krishna) battles Salwa, using divine weapons and counter-illusions, and emerges victorious, destroying Salwa's car and killing him.
3-21 Vasudeva battles Salwa, uses divine weapons, and learns of his father's death, fueling his rage and determination.
3-22 Vasudeva defeats Salwa, visits Pandavas, and departs with Subhadra and Abhimanyu.
3-23 Pandavas journey into forest, distributing gifts. Citizens bid farewell, praising Yudhishthira's virtue. Arjuna assures victory, and they continue on, ready for challenges.
3-24 Yudhishthira's brothers find Dwaitavana, a beautiful lake, to dwell for 12 years.
3-25 Markandeya visits the Pandavas, sharing stories of Rama and encouraging Yudhishthira to remain firm in his promises.
3-26 Vaka praises Yudhishthira for uniting Brahmana and Kshatriya customs, stressing the importance of Brahmanas in a king's life.
3-27 Krishna rebukes Yudhishthira for not showing anger, urging revenge against the Kauravas.
3-28 Prahlada teaches balance in forgiveness and might, urging judicious use.
3-29 Yudhishthira extols forgiveness as the supreme virtue.
3-30 Draupadi lamented fate, questioning God's justice.
3-31 Yudhishthira emphasizes virtue and selfless duty.
3-32 Draupadi urges Yudhishthira to act, stressing effort and destiny.
3-33 Bhimasena urges Yudhishthira to act, emphasizing virtue, wealth, and might.
3-34 Yudhishthira acknowledges his folly and honors his pledge.
3-35 Bhima urges Yudhishthira to reclaim their kingdom, criticizing his passive nature.
3-36 Yudhishthira faces difficulties, Vyasa appears, and imparts sacred knowledge to ensure victory.
3-37 Arjuna seeks celestial weapons from Indra to defeat enemies.
3-38 Arjuna seeks celestial weapons from Indra and Shiva through intense austerities.
3-39 Arjuna battles Shiva in disguise, then surrenders and worships him, gaining a divine weapon.
3-40 Shiva grants Arjuna the Pasuputa weapon, imparting its secrets, and leaves him with the Gandiva bow.
3-41 Gods grant Arjuna celestial weapons, foreseeing his victories, and acknowledge his past life as Nara.
3-42 Arjuna ascends to heaven in Indra's car, sees celestial wonders, and enters Amaravati.
3-43 Arjuna enters Amaravati, meets Indra, and is hailed by celestials.
3-44 Arjuna receives celestial weapons and learns music and dance in heaven, but his mind remains restless, seeking revenge.
3-45 Indra asks Urvasi to teach Arjuna lovemaking, citing his mastery of arts. Urvasi agrees, smitten.
3-46 Arjuna refuses Urvasi's advances, citing her as his mother. She curses him to be a dancer, unregarded by women, for a year.
3-47 Indra reveals Arjuna's divine origin and entrusts Lomasa to protect Yudhishthira.
3-48 Dhritarashtra: "Arjuna's energy and determination will lead to our defeat. He's invincible."
3-49 Sanjaya warns Dhritarashtra of the Pandavas' wrath, Arjuna's bravery, and the Kuru clan's impending doom.
3-50 Janamejaya asks about the Pandavas' exile, and Vaisampayana explains they survived on wild food, sharing with Brahmanas.
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51 Dhritarashtra fears his sons' doom at the hands of the Pandavas and Krishna, recalling Vidura's warning of a devastating bloodshed.
52 Bhima urges Yudhishthira to kill their foes, but Yudhishthira refuses. Sage Vrihadaswa appears and offers to tell the story of King Nala, a similar tale of woe.
53 Vrihadaswa tells Yudhishthira about King Nala's virtues and beauty. Damayanti's beauty surpasses all, and they develop an attachment, hearing of each other's virtues. A swan facilitates their union.
54 Damayanti loves Nala, her father holds a Swayamvara, and gods ask Nala to be their messenger.
55 Nala, the gods' messenger, reveals their desire to marry Damayanti, leaving her torn between love for him and the gods' proposal.
56 Damayanti pleads with Nala to accept her love, threatening to end her life if he refuses. Nala urges her to choose a god instead, but she proposes a solution: choose him at the Swayamvara.
57 Damayanti chooses Nala, and the gods bestow boons. They marry, rule wisely, and have two children, living a life filled with love and divine blessings.
58 Kali seeks to curse Damayanti for choosing Nala, but the gods defend Nala's virtues. Kali plots revenge, seeking to destroy Nala's life.
59 Kali possessed Nala, who gambled away his kingdom to Pushkara. Friends and citizens tried to intervene, but Nala, under Kali's influence, continued to gamble, leading to his downfall.
60 Damayanti sent her children to safety with Varshneya, who later joined King Rituparna's service, heartbroken.
61 Nala, a fallen king, lost everything to Pushkara. Damayanti, his loyal wife, stayed by his side as they sought refuge in the country of the Vidarbhas, their last hope.
62 Nala, in tatters, left Damayanti, weeping, his heart heavy with grief.
63 Damayanti, alone in the forest, shrieked in despair, searching for Nala. A serpent seized her, but a huntsman rescued her, only to fall lifeless under her curse.
64 Damayanti searched for Nala, asking a mountain, ascetics, and a caravan for help.
65 Damayanti fled to Suvahu, blamed for an elephant attack. The queen-mother took her in.
66 Nala rescued a snake, Karkotaka, from a curse, and it bit him, changing his form, promising prosperity and skills.
67 Nala, as Vahuka, lamented Damayanti's fate in a nightly sloka.
68 Bhima searched for Nala and Damayanti, and Sudeva found her weeping.
69 Damayanti reunited with her family, and Brahmanas searched for Nala.
70 Parnada returned, repeated Damayanti's words, and Vahuka showed kindness.
71 King Rituparna asked Vahuka to take him to Damayanti's Swayamvara.
72 Nala's garment fell off, and Rituparna showed off his math skills. Kali was released, ending Nala's suffering.
73 Rituparna's chariot arrived, delighting Damayanti. Bhima welcomed him, but his intention was unknown.
74 Kesini asked about Nala. Vahuka replied that even Varshneya didn't know.
75 Damayanti suspected Vahuka was Nala. Kesini's report confirmed it.
76 Damayanti reunites with Nala, her devotion confirmed by the Wind-god.
77 King Nala and Damayanti reunited, a testament to true love.
78 King Nala reclaimed his throne and wife, defeating his brother Pushkara in a game of dice.
79 Vrihadaswa told the story of King Nala, inspiring Yudhishthira.
80 The Pandavas sorrowfully missed Arjuna after his departure.
81 Yudhishthira, sad due to Arjuna's absence, was comforted by Narada.
82 Visiting sacred places like Pushkara can cleanse one of sins and grant merits.
83 Pulastya told Bhishma about sacred places and their merits.
84 Pulastya shared secrets of sacred sites with Bhishma.
85 Pulastya told Bhishma about sacred sites and their merits.
86 Yudhishthira sent Arjuna to obtain celestial weapons.
87 Dhaumya described sacred places, comforting the Pandavas.
88 Dhaumya described sacred places in the south.
89 Dhaumya described sacred spots in the west.
90 Dhaumya described sacred spots in the north, including Saraswati river and Vadari asylum.
91 Lomasa shared his experience at Indra's abode, seeing Arjuna with celestial weapons.
92 Lomasa urged Yudhishthira to visit sacred tirthas, promising protection from Rakshasas.
93 Brahmanas asked Yudhishthira to take them on pilgrimage, promising to share dangers.
94 Yudhishthira lamented to Lomasa about his suffering.
95 The Pandavas visited sacred tirthas, performing ablutions and ascetic penances, seeking spiritual merit and purification.
96 Vaisampayana told the story of Agastya, Lopamudra, and Vatapi's trickery.
97 Agastya married Lopamudra, who renounced her royal life for asceticism.
98 Agastya sought wealth from kings, but refused due to their equal expenses.
99 Agastya ate Vatapi, Ilwala's brother, and received wealth.
100 Gods sought Brahma's help, got Vajra from Dadhicha, and defeated Danavas.
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101 Indra slew Vritra with the Vajra, but fled, thinking he lived.
102 Kalakeyas attacked ascetic retreats, devouring Brahmanas and Munis, filling the universe with terror.
103 Celestials begged Vishnu to stop Kalakeyas, who were killing Brahmanas. Vishnu advised seeking Agastya's help.
104 Vindhya tried to obstruct the sun and moon, but Agastya intervened. Later, Agastya drank up the ocean to defeat the Kalakeyas.
105 Agastya drank up the ocean, astonishing the gods. They praised him, slew demons, and asked him to refill the sea.
106 King Sagara sought a son, got 60,000, but they perished.
107 Sagara's 60,000 sons were burnt to ashes, but revived when Bhagiratha brought the Ganges to earth.
108 Bhagiratha brought Ganges to earth, reviving his ancestors.
109 Ganges fell to earth, reviving Sagara's sons and filling the sea.
110 Rishyasringa, a powerful saint, was born to a hind due to a curse.
111 A courtesan tempted Rishyasringa, and he fell in love.
112 Rishyasringa met a beautiful student who visited him, and his heart was captured by the student's charm and beauty.
113 Vibhandaka warned Rishyasringa about a courtesan who sought to obstruct his penance.
114 Yudhishthira's journey to the sea, where he beheld the divine forest and ascended an altar for valour and strength.
115 Yudhishthira sought Parasurama's presence, hearing tales of his exploits.
116 Akritavrana told Yudhishthira about Jamadagni and his son Rama.
117 Rama avenged his father's death, killing Kartavirya's sons.
118 Yudhishthira visited sacred spots, freed from sins at Godavari.
119 Valarama questioned virtue's value, citing Yudhishthira's suffering.
120 Satyaki urged action, vowing to defeat Duryodhana.
121 Lomasa told Yudhishthira about sacred spots and sacrifices.
122 Chyavana practiced austerities, became covered in ants. Sukanya pierced his eyes, later became his wife.
123 Twin Aswins revived Chyavana's youth, Sukanya chose him, and they lived happily.
124 Chyavana defied Indra, offering Soma to the Aswins, and summoned a demon to challenge him.
125 Lomasa told Yudhishthira about Chyavana's victory and showed him a sacred lake.
126 Yudhishthira asked about Mandhata's birth and achievements.
127 King Somaka sacrificed his son Jantu for 100 sons.
128 Somaka sacrificed son Jantu for 100 sons, shared priest's punishment, and earned blessings.
129 Lomasa shared tales of the place's history, where kings and saints performed sacrifices, and Yudhishthira beheld all worlds.
130 Lomasa told Yudhishthira this spot guarantees heaven, with sacred rivers and spiritual energy nearby.
131 King Usinara sacrificed his flesh to save a pigeon, impressing Indra and Agni, and earning eternal glory.
132 Ashtavakra, a child prodigy, corrected his father's recitation from the womb, earning a curse.
133 Ashtavakra, a young Brahmana, impressed King Janaka with his Vedic knowledge and was granted admittance.
134 Ashtavakra defeated Vandin in an intellectual battle, impressing King Janaka.
135 Yavakri's quest for Vedic knowledge led to pride and downfall.
136 Yavakri's lust led to his downfall.
137 Bharadwaja's son Yavakri was slain, and he died of grief.
138 Paravasu killed his father, mistook him for a deer.
139 Lomasa guided Yudhishthira, warning of dangers.
140 Yudhishthira longed to see Arjuna, praising his virtues.
141 Lomasa told the Pandavas about the celestial mountain Mandara and sacred river Alakananda.
142 Pandavas journeyed to Gandhamadana, facing wind and rain.
143 Draupadi fell, exhausted. Nakula aided her, and Yudhishthira lamented his dice addiction.
144 Pandavas reached Kailasa, beheld celestial trees, and were welcomed by sages.
145 Bhima sought the celestial lotus on Gandhamadana peak, facing challenges and meeting Hanuman, who warned him of the treacherous path ahead.
146 Bhima, proud of his strength, met Hanuman, who challenged him to move his tail, leading to Bhima's humility and curiosity about Hanuman's identity.
147 Hanuman shared his journey with Rama, finding Sita, and Rama's victory. He lives in the forest, entertained by celestial beings, and directed Bhima to the accessible lake.
148 Hanuman told Bhima of his adventures with Rama, then directed him to the lake.
149 Hanuman revealed his enormous form to Bhima, sharing wisdom on duties and governance.
150 Hanuman embraced Bhima, restoring his strength and offering aid.
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151 Bhima marveled at Hanuman's splendor, saw elephants and deer, and found golden lotuses.
152 Bhimasena found a beautiful lotus lake guarded by Rakshasas, drank ambrosial water, and saw celestial lotuses.
153 Bhima fought off Rakshasas with his mace, gathered Saugandhika lotuses, and restored his strength.
154 Bhima gathered flowers, wind arose, Yudhishthira searched for him, found victorious amidst slain Yakshas, rebuked for rashness.
155 Yudhishthira sought Vaisravana's abode, but a celestial voice directed them to Nara and Narayana's hermitage, then Vrishaparva's and Arshtisena's, to behold Kuvera's abode.
156 Bhimasena saved his family from Jatasura, slaying the Rakshasa after a fierce battle, and reunited with his brothers and Draupadi.
157 Yudhishthira and brothers journeyed to mountain Sweta with Draupadi.
158 Yudhishthira met Arshtishena, a sage who advised him on virtue.
159 Bhima battled Rakshasas, slew Maniman, and emerged victorious.
160 Kuvera forgave Bhima, praising his bravery and releasing a curse.
161 Kuvera advised Yudhishthira and praised Arjuna's honesty and bravery.
162 Dhaumya described Mandara, where Sun rises, illuminating the world.
163 Pandavas awaited Arjuna's return, delighted in mountain's beauty.
164 Arjuna returned in Mahendra's car, reunited with his brothers.
165 Indra arrived, Yudhishthira worshiped, Arjuna stood humbly, receiving blessings.
166 Arjuna battled Shiva, received Pasupata weapon, and was invincible.
167 Arjuna learned weapons from Indra and got celestial equipment.
168 Arjuna entered demons' city, frightening them with chariot's sound.
169 Arjuna fought Nivata-Kavachas, piercing them with Brahma's weapons.
170 Arjuna fought Nivata-Kavachas, using Visoshana to dry up water.
171 Arjuna fought Nivata-Kavachas with visible weapons, severing their heads.
172 Arjuna destroyed Hiranyapura with the thunderbolt and Raudra weapons.
173 Indra gave Arjuna celestial weapons and impenetrable mail.
174 Arjuna showed Yudhishthira the celestial weapons, earth trembled, rivers churned.
175 Pandavas spent four years in Kubera's palace, then departed.
176 Pandavas left home, crossed mountains, and reached Visakhayupa forest.
177 Bhima, with immense strength, was overpowered by a serpent.
178 Bhima, overpowered by snake, learns it's ancestor Nahusha's curse.
179 Yudhishthira answers Nahusha's questions, frees Bhima with his wisdom.
180 Yudhishthira asks Nahusha about salvation and the soul's journey.
181 The rainy season brought relief, filling the earth with water.
182 Krishna and Markandeya visit Pandavas in forest exile.
183 Prince kills Brahmana, seeks redemption, learns of their great power.
184 Atri and Gautama debate King Vainya's greatness, Sanatkumara resolves.
185 Saraswati: "Virtue comes from Vedic study, sanctity, and charitable giving."
186 Manu did penance, saved by a fish, recreated the world.
187 Manu's penance saved him from flood, recreated the world.
188 Narayana, the Deity, creates and destroys the universe in cycles.
189 Kalki will be born, restoring peace and order in Kali.
190 Kalki will establish a new Yuga, reestablishing virtue and peace.
191 King Parikshit's wife disappeared, leading to a curse and eventual redemption.
192 Vaka told Indra that immortals suffer from separation and dependence, and emphasized the importance of a simple life.
193 Two kings, Suhotra and Sivi, met on the road. Narada appeared, emphasizing humility, and Suhotra gave way to Sivi.
194 King Yayati gave a Brahmana a thousand kine, happy to give away what he could.
195 Vrishadarbha struck a Brahmana with a whip, then gave him a valuable tribute, showing royal generosity.
196 King Sivi passed a test by refusing to give up a pigeon to a hawk, even cutting off his own flesh to save it.
197 Narada predicted four kings' falls from heaven, citing their flaws, with Sivi's virtue surpassing his own.
198 Markandeya told the Pandavas about Indradyumna, a royal sage who fell from heaven and regained his place through virtue.
199 Markandeya told the Pandavas about Indradyumna, a royal sage who fell and returned to heaven.
200 Kuvalaswa, with Utanka's help, slew the Asura Dhundhu.
```Here's the HTML code for the table with the specified formatting: ```html < td style="background-color:#CCCCFF;">240 Duryodhana taken prisoner by Chitrasena, Gandharvas capture his brothers.
201 Kuvalaswa slew the Asura Dhundhu, bringing peace to the triple world.
202 Vishnu slew Madhu and Kaitabha on his thighs, preserving balance in the universe.
203 Dhundhu, a powerful Asura, was slain by King Kuvalaswa with the Brahma weapon.
204 Yudhishthira asked Markandeya about women's virtue, praising chaste wives' devotion.
205 Markandeya told Yudhishthira about Kausika, a Brahmana who killed a crane, then sought alms from a virtuous woman.
206 The fowler said, "Virtue is the supreme path to salvation."
207 The fowler said, "Destiny is powerful, I atone for my karma."
208 The fowler: "Truth can be achieved through untruth. Soul is eternal, reborn with karma. Virtue, self-restraint & wisdom lead to salvation."
209 Fowler: People seek knowledge, but passions and desires lead to sin. Virtuous ones cultivate righteousness through spiritual insight.
210 Fowler: Five elements are interconnected, self-discipline subdues senses, and spiritual growth comes from self-control.
211 Fowler: Sattwa is wisdom, rajas is desire, tamas is ignorance; anyone can achieve higher states through good qualities.
212 Fowler: Vital force combines with matter to form body, soul is animating principle, seek Supreme Spirit through renunciation.
213 Fowler worshipped parents like gods, dedicating life to their service.
214 Fowler, once a Brahmana, was cursed for harming a rishi, degraded to Sudra.
215 Fowler and Brahmana discuss spiritual wisdom and contentment.
216 Agni hid in water, feeling threatened by Angiras' power.
217 Angiras' children were exceptional, including son Vrihaspati and daughters like Bhanumati and Kuhu.
218 Vrihaspati's sons, all embodiments of fire, had unique qualities, representing desire, invincibility, and salvation.
219 Uktha's penance created a celestial being, generating five tribes, and later, various beings, including gods and two sons, Vrihaduktha and Rathantara.
220 Tapa's sons included Puranda, Ushma, and Manu, who created five fires, while Bhanu's six sons and Nisa's children had unique roles in the Agnihotra ceremony.
221 Swaha's wife Mudita gave birth to Advanta, a sacred fire. Adbhuta consumes dead bodies, and his son Bharata is worshipped as Niyata.
222 Indra found a woman held by Kesin, an Asura. He defeated Kesin and the woman chose the Adbhuta fire as her husband, begetting Kartikeya, a brilliant warrior who defeated the Asuras.
223 Indra and Devasena sought Brahma's help. The Adbhuta fire, smitten with the Rishis' wives, became a household fire. His love unrequited, he retreated to a forest. Swaha discovered his secret and planned to disguise herself as the Rishis' wives.
224 Swaha, as Siva, united with Agni, resulting in Skanda's birth. He grew rapidly, born with six faces and twelve ears, showcasing his strength.
225 Skanda's birth caused fearful phenomena, reversing natural order. Celestials feared his prowess, but the Mothers adopted him, and Agni honored him.
226 Skanda marched against Indra, who hurled his thunderbolt, piercing Skanda's side. Visakha emerged, and Indra sought mercy, rejoicing at Skanda's mercy.
227 Skanda's strike birthed children, including child-stealing creatures. Bhadrasakha guarded them, making Skanda the father of Kumaras.
228 Skanda, adorned with gold, led celestial forces, honored by Rudra, and married Devasena.
229 Skanda's mothers adopted him, granting protection. Evil spirits afflict children, propitiated by Skanda worship.
230 Skanda's mothers adopted him, evil spirits afflict children.
231 Draupadi's power came from devotion, service, and selfless love.
232 "Draupadi advises Satyabhama to love and respect Krishna devotedly."
233 "Satyabhama reassures Draupadi of victory and reunites with Krishna."
234 "Pandavas suffered in the forest, king lamented their fate."
235 "Sakuni and Karna urged Duryodhana to visit the Pandavas."
236 Duryodhana plots to visit Pandavas in exile with Karna.
237 Duryodhana sought permission to visit cattle stations in the woods.
238 Duryodhana arrived at cattle stations, supervised tale, and hunted animals.
239 Duryodhana's soldiers fled, except Karna, who fought single-handedly.
241 Yudhishthira urged brothers to rescue Duryodhana, protect family honor.
242 Pandavas prepared for battle, donning armor and celestial weapons.
243 Gandharvas attacked Pandavas, Arjuna used Agneya weapon to kill.
244 Arjuna asked Chitrasena why he punished the Kauravas.
245 Duryodhana returned to Hastinapura, heart heavy with grief.
246 "Duryodhana said, 'O Radheya, thou knowest not what hath happened.'"
247 "Duryodhana said, 'That slayer of hostile heroes, Arjuna, then'"
248 "Karna continued, 'O king, this conduct of thine to-day'"
249 "Sakuni tries to comfort Duryodhana, who is resolved to"
250 "The Danavas try to persuade Duryodhana not to give"
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251 "Janamejaya said, "When the high-souled sons of Pritha were"
252 "Vaisampayana continued, "Then, O bull among the Bharatas, that"
253 "Vaisampayana continued, "O king, O lord of men, that"
254 "Vaisampayana continued, "Then all the artisans, the principal counsellors,"
255 "Vaisampayana said, "While, O great king, Duryodhana was entering"
256 "Janamejaya said, 'After having delivered Duryodhana, what did"
257 "Vaisampayana continued, "Dwelling in the woods, O bull of"
258 "Yudhishthira said, "Why did that high-souled one give away"
259 "The messenger of the gods said, 'O great sage, thou"
260 "Janamejaya said, "While the high-souled Pandavas were living in"
261 Vaisampayana said, "One day, having previously ascertained that the"
262 Vaisampayana said, "These great warriors of the race of Bharata"
263 Kotika said, "Excellent lady, who art thou that standest alone"
264 Vaisampayana continued, "The princess Draupadi, thus questioned by that"
265 Vaisampayana said, "O Bharata, Kotikakhya related to those princes"
266 Vaisampayana said, "The daughter of Drupada, though naturally handsome"
267 Vaisampayana said, "Meanwhile those foremost of bowmen on the"
268 Vaisampayana said, "The hostile Kshatriyas, incensed at sight of Bhimasena"
269 Vaisampayana said, "Meanwhile, the king of Sindhu was giving orders"
270 Vaisampayana said, "Jayadratha flying for his life upon beholding"
271 "What did those tigers among men, the Pandavas,"
272 Markandeya said, 'O bull of the Bharata race, even Rama'
273 Markandeya said, "The Muni named Visrava, who was begotten of"
274 Markandeya said, 'Then the Brahmarshis, the Siddhas and the'
275 Yudhishthira said, 'O adorable one, thou hast described to me'
276 Markandeya said, 'Beholding Ravana come, Maricha received him with'
277 Markandeya said, 'That heroic king of the vultures, Jatayu,'
278 Markandeya said, 'Afflicted with grief at the abduction of Sita,'
279 Markandeya said, 'And while the chaste Sita was dwelling there'
280 Markandeya said, 'Meanwhile the illustrious descendant of Raghu, along
281 Markandeya said, 'It was on the breast of that very
282 Markandeya said, 'Having quartered his army in those groves
283 Markandeya said, 'And while those troops (thus withdrawn) were
284 Markandeya said, "Then Prahasta, suddenly advancing up to Vibhishana
285 Markandeya said, "Then Kumbhakarna set out from the city,
286 Markandeya said, "Learning that Kumbhakarna had with his followers,
287 Markandeya said, "Beholding both the brothers Rama and Lakshmana
288 Markandeya said, "The Ten-necked (Ravana), excited to fury at
289 Markandeya said, "Having slain Ravana, that wretched king of
290 Markandeya said, "It was thus, O mighty-armed one, that
291 Yudhishthira said, "O mighty sage, I do not so much
292 Markandeya continued, 'On one occasion, O Bharata, when that king'
293 Markandeya said, 'Having pondered over these words (of Narada)
294 Markandeya said, 'At length, O king, after a long time'
295 Markandeya said, The powerful Satyavan then, accompanied by his wife
296 Markandeya continued, 'Then having applauded and reverenced that best'
297 Markandeya continued, 'When the night had passed away, and'
298 Vaisampayana continued, "Surya then said, 'O Karna, thou art'
299 Surya continued, "O Karna, thou art a worshipper of mine"
300 Vaisampayana continued, "And Karna, having obtained the dart, thought"
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301 Vaisampayana continued, "Then Kuntibhoja's daughter, Pritha, hearing these words"
302 And duly waiting upon that Brahmana as if he were
303 And Kunti, having obtained the mantra, was filled with joy
304 Vaisampayana continued, "The princess, filled with shame and fear, again"
305 Vaisampayana continued, "And she passed her days in happiness"
306 "And he grew up to be a great hero, known"
307 "'Take this mail, and these ear-rings, and this coat"
308 "And they all told one another about their respective"
309 "Yudhishthira replied, 'O Nakula, it is for this reason'"
310 "And beholding that lake, Yudhishthira approached it, and saw"
311 "And beholding that lake, Yudhishthira, the son of Kunti"
312 "And he also attaineth a life that is free"
313 "And then, having sat down, those heroes, the five"
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4-1 "Bhima said, 'I shall present myself as a cook, Vallabha'"
2 "Nakula said, 'I intend to present myself before the lord'"
3 "Draupadi replied, 'I shall conduct myself, O king, in'"
4 "Vaisampayana said, 'Those tigers among men, the Pandavas, with'"
5 "And they took up their residence in a potter's house"
6 "And Yudhishthira, with his brothers, and Droupadi, lived in"
7 "And Yudhishthira, that tiger among men, began to live"
8 "And Bhima, that tiger among men, began to live"
9 "And so Draupadi, disguised as a Sairindhri, entered the"
10 "And so Sahadeva, disguised as a cowherd, entered the"
11 "And so Arjuna, disguised as Vrihannala, lived in the"
12 "And so Nakula, disguised as Granthika, entered the service"
13 "And so the Pandavas, disguised as menials, lived in"
14 "Bhima, with his mighty strength, held Kichaka's hand and"
15 "And advancing towards her, he saluted her with reverence,"
16 "And having said this, Draupadi, with eyes red with"
17 "Vaisampayana continued, 'Thus addressed by Bhima, Krishna replied, 'O'"
18 "And she fell at his feet, and began to weep"
19 "Then, O king, Draupadi, overcome with grief, and her"
20 "And he wiped away her tears, and raised her up,"
21 "I will slay this wicked Kichaka, and avenge thy insult."
22 Bhima's fierce battle with Kichaka! Bhima attacked with force, using nails and teeth as weapons. He tossed Kichaka around, finally killing him with a crushing blow.
23 Bhima uprooted a tree and charged at the Sutas, slaying 105 and sending Draupadi back to the city.
24 Draupadi, grateful to Bhima, met Arjuna and the girls. She requested to stay for 13 more days, promising benefit to the king.
25 Duryodhana thrilled at Kichaka's demise, sets out to find Pandavas in Matsya.
26 Duryodhana orders spies to find Pandavas, driven by desire for victory.
27 Drona praises Pandavas, urges Duryodhana to search wisely.
28 Bhishma praises Pandavas, urges honest counsel.
29 Kripa advises Duryodhana to prepare for Pandavas' return.
30 Susarman proposes invading Virata's kingdom to Duryodhana.
31 Pandavas join King Virata's army to battle Trigartas.
32 King Virata and Susarman clashed in fierce combat.
33 Bhima defeated the Trigarta army and rescued King Virata.
34 King Virata offered the Pandavas wealth and honor.
35 The prince set out to battle, vowing to defeat the Kurus.
36 Vrihannala and Uttara emerged victorious, rescuing the kine.
37 Uttara and Vrihannala (Arjuna) emerged victorious, rescuing the kine.
38 Arjuna and Uttara returned victorious, their bond stronger.
39 The Kurus prepared for battle, suspecting the archer was Arjuna.
40 Arjuna told Uttara to retrieve the Pandavas' bows, including his own mighty Gandiva.
41 Uttara retrieved the bows, fearful of their snake-like appearance.
42 Arjuna explained the origin of each weapon, attributing them to the Pandavas, describing their unique characteristics and strengths.
43 Vrihannala described the Pandavas' weapons, attributing exceptional qualities to each, making them almost invincible in battle.
44 Arjuna revealed his true identity, sharing stories of conquests and divine encounters, forging a lasting bond with Uttara.
45 Arjuna's true identity revealed, his weapons appeared, and with reverence , he received them. Their car thundered across the field, Arjuna laughing, assuring Uttara of victory.
46 Arjuna's conch shell blared, terrifying Uttara. Drona recognized Arjuna's presence, warning the Kauravas of impending doom.
47 Duryodhana suspected Bhishma of favoring the Pandavas, while Karna accused him of bias towards Arjuna.
48 Karna boasted he'd defeat Arjuna alone, shooting arrows like locusts.
49 Kripa warned Karna against underestimating Arjuna's prowess.
50 Aswatthaman criticized Karna for boasting, saying true heroes don't brag.
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51 Bhishma urged unity, praising Drona and Aswatthaman's skills.
52 Bhishma warned Duryodhana of a fierce Pandava battle.
53 Arjuna advanced, his banner and car recognizable, striking fear into enemies.
54 Arjuna advanced, his banner and car recognizable, fighting back with ferocity.
55 Arjuna fought back with ferocity, covering the horizon with arrows, his legend growing.
56 The Kurus' ranks resembled clouds, with warriors ready for battle. Celestials arrived, eager to witness the combat.
57 Arjuna blew his conch, Devadatta, and engaged in a fierce battle with Kripa, cutting off his bow and coat of mail.
58 Drona and Arjuna fought fiercely, exchanging arrows. Arjuna's skill prevailed, forcing Drona to retreat, wounded and defeated.
59 Arjuna and Karna clashed like mighty elephants, their bows roaring like thunder.
60 Arjuna's final blow shattered Karna's defenses, sending him fleeing in defeat.
61 Arjuna vowed to triumph, unleashing celestial weapons. His bow sang with deadly rhythm, arrows striking true.
62 Arjuna's arrows covered the Kurus, like mist on mountains. The field was a river of blood, with severed heads and bodies strewn about.
63 Vaisampayana said, "Bhishma rushed at Arjuna, who received him gladly. Bhishma pierced Partha's flag-staff, but Arjuna cut off his umbrella."
64 Vaisampayana said, "Duryodhana pierced Arjuna's forehead, but Arjuna struck back and Duryodhana fled, wounded and vomiting blood."
65 Vaisampayana said, "Duryodhana turned back, stung by Arjuna's censures. Arjuna repelled the Kurus and blew his conch."
66 Vaisampayana said, "Arjuna vanquished the Kurus, recovering Virata's cattle wealth."
67 King Virata recovered his wealth, defeated the Trigartas, and received news of Uttara's victory.
68 Uttara found Kanka wounded, struck by Virata for praising Vrihannala.
69 Uttara credited a celestial youth with recovering the kine and defeating the Kauravas.
70 Arjuna defended Yudhishthira's right to a royal seat, citing his virtues.
71 Virata offered his kingdom and daughter to the Pandavas, welcoming them back with honor and celebration.
72 Arjuna requested Virata's daughter Uttara as his daughter-in-law, and the wedding was held in Upaplavya.
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5-1 Krishna addressed the assembly, urging peace and harmony between Yudhishthira and Duryodhana.
2 Baladeva suggested sending a messenger to Duryodhana for peace talks.
3 Satyaki rebuked Baladeva, vowing to fight for Yudhishthira's throne.
4 Drupada: "Prepare for war, send messages to allies, act quickly."
5 Krishna: "Support Pandu's son. Send message to Kurus. War if refused."
6 Drupada: "Speak righteous words, gain warriors' hearts, estrange opponents, and aid Pandavas."
7 Duryodhana and Arjuna met Krishna. Arjuna chose Krishna, Duryodhana took the army.
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39 Vidura advised Dhritarashtra to abandon Duryodhana and favor the Pandavas.
40 Vidura advised Dhritarashtra to embrace virtue and humility.
41 Missing
42 Missing
43 Missing
44 Sanat-sujata explained Brahmacharya to Dhritarashtra as a path to Brahman.
45 Sanat-sujata warned Dhritarashtra about 12 faults and emphasized self-control and knowledge.
46 Sanat-sujata described the primary Seed as pure Knowledge, upholding all, and the ultimate reality.
47 Vaisampayana said, "Sanjaya returned from the Pandavas, conveying their greetings and respects
48 Vaisampayana said, "Sanjaya returned with the Pandavas' message."
49 Bhishma warned Duryodhana: "Krishna and Arjuna are unbeatable. Your fate is sealed."
50 Dhritarashtra asked Sanjaya about Yudhishthira's response. Sanjaya replied, "Yudhishthira is ready for battle with his allies."
51 Dhritarashtra feared Bhima's wrath, comparing him to a tiger and a lion.
52 Dhritarashtra: "Arjuna, with Gandiva and Krishna, is invincible."
53 Dhritarashtra: "Yudhishthira's wrath will destroy my sons. Let us strive for peace."
54 Sanjaya: "Arjuna's arrows will consume us all."
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13 "And so the Pandavas, disguised as menials, lived in the city of Virata, serving the king and his subjects. Bhima, as Vallava the cook, proved himself a mighty wrestler, defeating all comers in the arena. Arjuna, as Brihannala the eunuch, delighted the king with his singing and dancing."
14 "Bhima, with his mighty strength, held Kichaka's hand and said, 'Stop, O wicked one! Do not dare to harm this chaste lady.' Kichaka struggled to free himself, but Bhima's grip was too strong. He tried to appeal to his sister, but she turned a deaf ear to his pleas."
15 "And advancing towards her, he saluted her with reverence, and standing with joined hands, said, 'O thou of graceful eye-brows, thou art welcome! I have been waiting for thee with impatience. O thou of faultless limbs, thou shinest beautifully like the full moon.'"
16 "And having said this, Draupadi, with eyes red with anger, went to the apartments of Bhimasena, and saw him seated on a couch, his face towards the wall, his eyes fixed on the floor, his mind filled with wrath, and his forehead furrowed into wrinkles. And approaching him, she said, 'O Bhimasena, thou art proud of thy strength, and art skilled in warfare.'"
17 "Vaisampayana continued, 'Thus addressed by Bhima, Krishna replied, 'O Bhima, thou art brave, thou art strong, thou art skilled in arms, and thou art truthful. I have come to thee, O Bhima, for the destruction of my foe. That wicked Kichaka, who hath insulted me, hath been slain by me.'"
18 "And she fell at his feet, and began to weep piteously. And Bhima, seeing her thus, was overwhelmed with grief, and his eyes became red with anger. And he said, 'O Krishna, thou art my beloved, my heart's core, my everything. I will slay these wicked Sutas, and avenge thy insult.'"
19 "Then, O king, Draupadi, overcome with grief, and her voice choked with tears, began to sob aloud, and said, 'Alas, O Bhima, I am doomed to suffer this extreme distress! Oh, what a cruel fate is mine! I am doomed to behold thee, O Bhima, and all our brothers, in this state of bondage!'"
20 "And he wiped away her tears, and raised her up, and consoled her, and said, 'O fair one, thou art not alone, we are with thee. We will slay these wicked Sutas, and avenge thy insult. We will not leave them alive. We will destroy them all, and make thee safe.' And he embraced her, and stroked her hair, and said, 'O Krishna, thou art my queen, my companion in prosperity and adversity.'"
21 "'O Krishna, thou art my beloved, my heart's core, my everything. I will slay this wicked Kichaka, and avenge thy insult. I will not leave him alive. I will destroy him, and make thee safe.' And he took a vow, saying, 'O Krishna, if I do not slay Kichaka, may I not be worthy of my ancestors..."
22 "Bhima's fierce battle with Kichaka! Bhima, disguised and waiting, launched a surprise attack with incredible force. The two engaged in ferocious hand-to-hand combat, using nails and teeth as weapons. Bhima's rage and power eventually gained the upper hand, and he tossed Kichaka around like a toy, finally killing him with a crushing blow. Draupadi was relieved and delighted, her honor avenged. The guards were amazed by Bhima's superhuman strength, wondering how he delivered such a brutal defeat."
23 "Bhima, determined to rescue Draupadi, uprooted a massive tree and charged towards the Sutas, striking fear into their hearts. He slew 105 Sutas, sending them to the abode of Yama, and comforted Draupadi, sending her back to the city. The scene was one of utter chaos, with corpses strewn about, and witnesses left in awe, their power of speech suspended in wonder."
24 "Draupadi, grateful to Bhima, met Arjuna and the girls, who welcomed her back. Vrihannala asked about her ordeal, sharing her own sorrows. Draupadi then sought an audience with Queen Sudeshna, who, at the king's behest, asked her to leave, fearing the Gandharvas' wrath. Draupadi requested to stay for 13 more days, promising benefit to the king. Sudeshna, moved, persuaded the king to grant her request."
25 "Duryodhana, thrilled at Kichaka's demise, exclaimed, 'The Pandavas must be nearby! Let us proceed to Matsya, offer condolences to King Virata, and search for them.' His advisors agreed, and the Kaurava army set out. Duryodhana imagined his glory and prestige upon defeating his enemies, while the Pandavas, still in disguise, served King Virata, unaware of the danger approaching."
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26 Duryodhana orders spies to search for Pandavas, determined to find them before their exile ends. Dussasana expresses doubts, suggesting they may be hiding or have perished. Duryodhana remains resolute, driven by his desire for victory. Spies search far and wide, leaving no corner unexplored.
27 Drona praises Pandavas' bravery, intelligence, and devotion, believing they'll triumph. He urges Duryodhana to act wisely, searching for them with Brahmanas and ascetics, respecting Yudhishthira's mastery of policy and virtue.
28 Bhishma praises Pandavas' virtues, urging honest counsel and no spies. He describes their hiding place as a land of plenty, prosperity, and happiness, showing respect and admiration for their ultimate triumph.
29 Kripa advises Duryodhana to gather intel on Pandavas, assess his strength, and use strategies like conciliation and diplomacy to prepare for their return. He urges Duryodhana to be generous, fair, and merciful to secure a strong kingdom.
30 King Susarman proposes invading Virata's kingdom to Duryodhana, seeking to seize wealth and cattle. Karna agrees, and Duryodhana orders preparations. Susarman leads the Trigartas in a surprise attack, while the Kauravas follow, aiming to capture thousands of cattle.
31 The Pandavas, in disguise, joined King Virata's army to battle the Trigartas. The Matsya army, with thousands of soldiers, elephants, and horses, marched towards the enemy. The Pandavas fought valiantly, showcasing their skills. Bhima wielded his club, Arjuna displayed his archery skills, and Nakula and Sahadeva fought with swords. Yudhishthira directed the army with strategic brilliance, leading to a victorious battle.
32 The battle between Matsyas and Trigartas raged on, with both sides displaying their prowess. King Virata and Susarman engaged in a fierce single combat, exchanging arrows and blows. Their skills evenly matched, the outcome was far from certain, as they fought on, their weapons clashing in mid-air.
33 Bhima defeated the Trigarta army, rescued King Virata, and liberated the kine. The king, grateful for their help, asked them to stay in his city and gave them valuable gifts. The Pandavas thanked him and promised to always stand by his side before bidding farewell and leaving the city.
34 King Virata, grateful for their help, offered the Pandavas wealth, honor, and gems, and asked Yudhishthira to accept the sovereignty of the Matsyas. The Pandavas were overjoyed, and the king's subjects celebrated their victory with feasts and festivities.
35 The prince, with a proud heart, set out to battle, his chariot driven by swift steeds, his standard flying high, and his bow and arrows at the ready. He vowed to defeat the Kurus and bring back the kine, like Arjuna wielding the thunderbolt.
36 Vrihannala (Arjuna) and Uttara charged forward, their weapons flashing in the sunlight. The Kurus were defeated, and they emerged victorious, rescuing the kine and earning great renown. Uttara thanked Vrihannala for his help, and Vrihannala smiled, his true identity still a secret.
37 Uttara and Vrihannala (Arjuna) fought bravely, their bond growing stronger. The Kurus were defeated, and the two warriors embraced, their friendship and respect clear in their eyes. They returned victorious, with the rescued kine and earned great renown.
38 Arjuna and Uttara returned to the city, their chariot adorned with flags of victory. The people cheered, and Uttara hailed Arjuna as his savior and friend. Arjuna praised Uttara, saying, "You have proven yourself a true Kshatriya, worthy of your royal heritage." Their bond of friendship grew stronger, and Arjuna's legend spread throughout the land.
39 The Kuru warriors, led by Bhishma, Drona, and Kripa, prepared for battle, suspecting the mysterious archer was Arjuna. Drona warned of Arjuna's prowess, but Karna belittled his abilities. Duryodhana saw an opportunity to defeat the Pandavas, forcing them to extend their exile. The Kurus charged into battle, but Arjuna's arrows flew swift and true, striking them down with precision and skill.
40 Arjuna told Uttara to climb the Sami tree to retrieve the Pandavas' bows and arrows, including his own mighty Gandiva, which was capable of withstanding immense stress and was adorned with gold. The other bows belonged to Yudhishthira, Bhima, and the twins, and were equally strong and sturdy.
41 Uttara, reluctant and fearful, climbed the tree to retrieve the bows. He beheld the Gandiva and four other bows, shining like the sun and resembling sighing snakes. Overcome with fear, he hesitated, but Arjuna encouraged him to take them down, reassuring him they were not alive.
42 Arjuna explained the origin of each weapon, attributing them to the Pandavas. Yudhishthira's bow had golden bosses, his own had golden elephants, Bhima's had Indragopkas, Nakula's had golden suns, and Sahadeva's was variegated. He continued, describing their arrows, quivers, and swords, each with unique characteristics and strengths, honed for battle and feared by their enemies.
43 Vrihannala described the Pandavas' weapons, attributing exceptional qualities to each. Gandiva, Arjuna's bow, was the most celebrated, with a history of being wielded by esteemed beings. The other bows were renowned for strength, wisdom, swiftness, and precision. Quivers, arrows, and swords were adorned with symbols of bravery and skill, making them almost invincible in battle. The Pandavas' arsenal was a testament to their dedication to justice and their unwavering commitment to protecting the innocent.
44 Arjuna revealed his true identity to Uttara, sharing stories of his conquests and divine encounters. Uttara listened with awe, his skepticism dissipating as he beheld in Arjuna a paragon of valor. With humility and respect, Uttara apologized for his earlier doubts, and the two warriors embraced, forging a bond that would last a lifetime.
45 Arjuna and Uttara charged into battle, their car thundering across the field. Arjuna's weapons flashed in the sunlight, his bowstring singing with a familiar twang. Uttara's heart swelled with awe, his fear dispelled by Arjuna's unwavering confidence. Together, they fought with precision and skill, their bond forged in the heat of battle. The enemy lines wavered, then broke, as Arjuna and Uttara emerged victorious, their names etched forever in history.
46 Arjuna set out for battle with Uttara as his charioteer, hoisting his golden ape-banner and blowing his conch shell. The sound was deafening, causing Uttara to cling to the car in fear. Arjuna encouraged him to be brave, but Uttara remained terrified. Drona, recognizing Arjuna's presence, warned the Kauravas of impending doom, citing ominous portents like trembling earth, pale faces, and dispirited animals.
47 D uryodhana rallied his troops, suspecting Bhishma of favoring the Pandavas. Karna accused Bhishma of extolling Arjuna's virtues, doubting his commitment to their cause. He urged the troops to prepare for battle, ignoring Bhishma's counsel and securing victory. Karna's words were laced with skepticism and frustration.
48 Karna boasted he'd defeat Arjuna alone, shooting arrows like locusts on a tree. He vowed to slay him, discharging his debt to Duryodhana. He likened himself to a cloud dropping arrows, his horses' speed to wind. His arrows would pierce Arjuna like venomous snakes, emerging victorious.
49 Kripa warned Karna against underestimating Arjuna, citing his solo achievements and prowess comparable to Indra's. He cautioned that fighting Arjuna alone would be foolish and urged Karna to join forces with their allies, including Drona, Duryodhana, Bhishma, and Drona's son, to take on the formidable Arjuna.
50 Aswatthaman criticized Karna for boasting, saying true heroes don't brag. He pointed out Karna's deceitful means, like a vendor of meat, and warned that Arjuna's mighty bow Gandiva would overthrow them easily. He emphasized Arjuna's superiority in prowess, bowmanship, and battle skills, and suggested Karna let his uncle Sakuni fight instead.
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51 Bhishma urged unity, praising Drona and Aswatthaman's unmatched mastery of weapons and Vedas. Duryodhana requested peace, and Bhishma pacified Drona, who agreed to protect him from Arjuna's attack. Drona doubted the Pandavas' exile was over and warned of Arjuna's imminent attack, urging preparation. Bhishma's words calmed Drona, and they began planning strategy, knowing unity was crucial.
52 Bhishma warned Duryodhana that the Pandavas, led by Yudhishthira, would fiercely battle for their rightful kingdom. He proposed a strategic division of forces, with himself anchoring the rear, Karna leading the front, Aswatthaman defending the left, and Kripa securing the right. Duryodhana accepted the plan, determined to maintain power.
53 Arjuna advanced towards the Kuru army, his banner and car recognizable from a distance. Drona warned the Kurus, describing Arjuna's skills and feats. Arjuna asked his charioteer to take him to Duryodhana, intending to defeat him and reclaim the stolen cattle. Kripa urged their troops to attack Arjuna's flanks. Arjuna announced his presence with a conch blow and unleashed a barrage of arrows, causing chaos and trembling the earth.
54 Arjuna advanced towards Duryodhana, his banner and car recognizable from a distance. The Kurus, led by Karna, attacked him with a fierce shower of arrows, but he fought back with equal ferocity, piercing Karna's body and striking down his horses and car-driver. The two warriors exchanged arrowy showers, creating a cloud of keen-edged shafts. Arjuna's valor and fame echoed through the battlefield, his legend growing with each passing moment.
55 Arjuna fought back with ferocity, covering the horizon with arrows. His valor and fame echoed through the battlefield, his legend growing. He withstood the rage of the host, like a shore withstanding a surging sea. Arjuna's arrows mangled the hostile ranks, looking like newly-risen clouds. He overwhelmed the great bowmen, piercing Drona, Duryodhana, and Karna. When Karna was pierced, his troops began to break. Arjuna directed Uttara to approach Kripa, Drona, and Bhishma, his legend growing with each victory.
56 The Kurus' ranks resembled clouds, with horses, elephants, and warriors ready for battle. Celestials, including Indra, arrived in heavenly cars, eager to witness the combat between Bhishma and Arjuna. The firmament was filled with gods, Gandharvas, Nagas, and Rishis, their faces filled with wonder. The cars of various gods shone in a splendid array, their jewels reflecting the sun's brightness. The air was filled with the fragrance of celestial garlands, and the dust disappeared, replaced by a soothing breeze.
57 Arjuna told Uttara to drive to Kripa's car, recognizable by its flag bearing a golden altar. Arjuna blew his conch, Devadatta, which resonated loudly. Kripa, enraged, blew his own conch and shot arrows at Arjuna. The two warriors engaged in a fierce battle, their arrows filling the sky. Arjuna spared Kripa's life, cutting off his bow and coat of mail. Kripa's steeds were struck, and he was thrown off his car. Arjuna's wrath intensified, and he shot thirteen arrows at Kripa, cutting off his car's yoke and piercing his steeds. Kripa was eventually led away, defeated.
58 Drona and Arjuna fought fiercely, exchanging arrows. Their bows sang out and the earth shook as they clashed. Neither gained the upper hand until Drona's son joined the fight, allowing Drona to retreat, wounded and defeated. Arjuna's skill and strength proved too much for the veteran warrior.
59 Aswatthaman and Arjuna fought fiercely, their arrows like snakes and fire. Arjuna prevailed, and Karna entered the fray. Arjuna turned towards him with wrath, eager for a single combat. The two warriors clashed like mighty elephants, their bows roaring like thunder, the earth shaking beneath their feet.
60 The battle between Arjuna and Karna raged on, arrows flying swift and true. Arjuna's skill and strength honed to perfection, his defenses held strong. Karna's vision blurred, his movements slowing, his strength waning. Arjuna struck the final blow, a mighty arrow that shattered Karna's defenses and sent him fleeing in defeat. Arjuna's triumph cemented his reputation as the greatest warrior of the age.
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61 Arjuna vowed to triumph over the Kuru army, unleashing celestial weapons. He boasted of past conquests and training from Indra, Brahman, and Prajapati. With fierce determination, he charged into battle, his chariot driven by Uttara. Bhishma's standard fell, and the Kauravas rallied against him. Arjuna's bow sang with deadly rhythm, his arrows striking true.
62 Vaisampayana said, "Arjuna covered the Kurus with arrows, like mist on mountains. The sound of conchs and elephants filled the air. Arjuna's arrows pierced steel coats, killing thousands. He danced on the field, his bow singing with deadly rhythm. The earth was red with blood, severed heads and bodies strewn about. The field was a river of blood, with coats of mail and turbans floating on its surface."
63 Vaisampayana said, "Bhishma, with a golden bow, rushed at Arjuna, who received him gladly. Bhishma pierced Partha's flag-staff with eight arrows, but Arjuna cut off his umbrella. The two warriors exchanged blows, their shafts striking like fireflies in the rain. The Kauravas exclaimed, "Excellent! Bhishma hath performed an exceedingly difficult feat in fighting with Arjuna!"
64 Vaisampayana said, "Duryodhana pierced Arjuna's forehead with a spear-headed shaft. Arjuna, bleeding, struck Duryodhana with venomous arrows. Vikarna's elephant was slain, and Duryodhana fled, wounded and vomiting blood. Arjuna censured him, 'Why flee, turning thy back? Show me thy face, O son of Dhritarashtra!' Duryodhana's name was rendered meaningless, and he fled, leaving behind his pride and glory."
65 Vaisampayana said, "Duryodhana turned back, stung by Arjuna's censures. Arjuna repelled the Kurus with celestial weapons, used the Sanmohana weapon, and blew his conch. He told Uttara's son to take the warriors' garments, avoiding Bhishma. Bhishma struck Arjuna, but Arjuna slew his steeds and pierced him with ten shafts."
66 Vaisampayana said, "Arjuna vanquished the Kurus, recovering Virata's cattle wealth. The defeated Kurus surrendered, and Arjuna spared their lives. He told Uttara to proclaim the victory as his own, and they returned to the city, with Arjuna disguised as Vrihannala. The king of Matsya was delighted to hear of his son's victory, and the city celebrated with joy."
67 King Virata entered his city with the Pandavas, recovered his wealth, and defeated the Trigartas. He enquired about Uttara, who had gone to battle with Vrihannala. Yudhishthira assured him of Uttara's victory, and messengers arrived with news of the win. The king was overjoyed, decorated the city, and received Uttara with honor. However, he struck Yudhishthira with a dice, causing blood to flow, but Draupadi caught it in a golden vessel.
68 Uttara found Kanka bloody and wounded, struck by Virata for praising Vrihannala. Uttara urged his father to appease Kanka, warning of a Brahmana's curse. Virata tried to make amends, and Kanka forgave him. The king then praised Uttara for his bravery in defeating the Kuru warriors and recovering his wealth.
69 Uttara credited a celestial youth with recovering the kine and defeating the Kauravas, repulsing notable warriors with arrows. He challenged Duryodhana, then disappeared, leaving Uttara in awe. Virata sought to meet the hero, unaware he was living in disguise in the palace.
70 Arjuna defended Yudhishthira, saying he deserved a royal seat, citing his virtues: devotion to Brahmanas, knowledge of Vedas, great energy and intelligence, mightiest car-warrior, performer of sacrifices, and protector of the worlds, comparing him to the sun, Indra, and Kuvera.
71 Virata asked Arjuna to identify the Pandavas, and Arjuna revealed their true identities. Virata felt guilty for offending Yudhishthira and offered his kingdom and daughter Uttara's hand in marriage to Arjuna. Yudhishthira accepted, and Virata embraced the Pandavas, welcoming them back with honor and celebration.
72 Arjuna requested Virata's daughter Uttara as his daughter-in-law, suggesting his son Abhimanyu as her husband. The wedding was held in Upaplavya, attended by many kings and warriors, including Vasudeva and Krishna. The festivities included music, dancing, and feasting, and Virata gave away wealth and steeds as dowry.
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1 Krishna addressed the assembly, reminding them of Yudhishthira's defeat, exile, and rightful claim to the kingdom. He praised Yudhishthira's adherence to truth and requested the assembly to consider a solution that would bring peace and harmony, suggesting an ambassador to beseech Duryodhana to share the kingdom.
2 Baladeva suggested sending a messenger to Duryodhana to negotiate peace, urging humble words and respect for Kuru elders. He noted Yudhishthira's mistake in challenging Sakuni to a dice game, and advocated for conciliation over war to achieve their goals.
3 Satyaki rebuked Baladeva, calling him a coward for suggesting Yudhishthira beg for his throne. He vowed to lead the fight against their enemies, declaring that no one could withstand his wrath, not even Arjuna or Krishna. He Vowed to slay their foes and put Yudhishthira on the throne, where he rightfully belongs.
4 Drupada: "Duryodhana won't give up the kingdom peacefully. We must prepare for war and send messages to our allies, like Salya and Dhrishtaketu, to gather an army. Act quickly, as Duryodhana will seek support from other kings. Our priest should go to Dhritarashtra with a clear message."
5 Krishna: "Our duty is to support Pandu's son. Send a message to the Kurus on their behalf. If they refuse peace, we'll take action." King Virata prepared for war, sending word to monarchs, who responded with armies. The land trembled with military forces.
6 Drupada: "You, sir, are superior in understanding and learning. Dhritarashtra's family deceived the Pandavas. Speak words of righteousness to gain the hearts of his warriors. Estrange their adherents, and the Pandavas will prepare for war. Act virtuously, and describe the Pandavas' hardships."
7 Duryodhana and Arjuna went to Dwaraka to meet Krishna. Duryodhana arrived first, but Krishna saw Arjuna first. Krishna offered to send an army or himself, unarmed, to one of them. Arjuna chose Krishna, while Duryodhana took the army. Duryodhana met Kritavarman, who gave him troops. Krishna asked Arjuna why he chose him, and Arjuna wanted Krishna's fame and presence as his charioteer.
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39 Vidura advised Dhritarashtra to abandon Duryodhana, citing his evil nature. Dhritarashtra refused, but approved Vidura's words. Vidura urged him to favor the Pandavas, warning that relatives can either rescue or ruin each other. He stressed the importance of humility, forgiveness, and avoiding wicked companions.
40 Vidura advised Dhritarashtra to embrace virtue, humility, and sincerity, warning against pride, deceit, and unrighteousness. He likened life to a river, urging control over senses and desires. Vidura described duties of the four social orders, encouraging support for Yudhishthira's royal duties. Dhritarashtra acknowledged Vidura's wisdom but felt helpless against fate and his own inclination towards Duryodhana.
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44 Sanat-sujata explained to Dhritarashtra that the knowledge of Brahman requires Brahmacharya, which involves restraining the senses and merging the will into the pure intellect. He described Brahmacharya as a state of utter absence of worldly thought, leading to the attainment of immortality. Brahman is beyond human comprehension, omnipresent, and the basis of everything.
45 Sanat-sujata warned Dhritarashtra about 12 grave faults and listed 12 practices of a Brahmana, emphasizing self-control, renunciation, and knowledge. He described true friendship and encouraged seeking Brahman through restraint and asceticism, rather than just work.
46 Sanat-sujata emphasized that this Eternal One, endued with Divinity, is beheld by Yogins and is the ultimate reality, beyond human comprehension.
47 Vaisampayana said, "The king spent the night conversing with Sanat-sujata and Vidura. The next day, the princes and chiefs gathered in the court-hall to hear Sanjaya's message from the Pandavas. The hall was beautiful, filled with mighty bowmen. Sanjaya entered, adorned with ear-rings, and addressed the Kauravas, 'I have returned from the Pandavas. They offer their congratulations and respects.' Sanjaya began to recount Dhritarashtra's message, his voice clear and strong.
48 Vaisampayana said, "Sanjaya returned with the Pandavas' message, offering congratulations and respects. They seek unity and peace, but demand their rightful share. The hall erupted into a murmur, with Bhishma, Drona, and Kripa conferring gravely, while Duryodhana's anger flared."
49 Bhishma told Duryodhana, "Nara and Narayana, ancient deities, aided Indra in battle. Now united as Krishna and Arjuna, they're unbeatable. You'll soon see them and remember my words." Karna boasted, "I'll slay the Pandavas!" Bhishma retorted, "You're no match for them, and your boasts are empty."
50 Dhritarashtra asked Sanjaya about Yudhishthira's response to their assembled forces. Sanjaya replied, "Yudhishthira is ready to march into battle with his allies, including Dhrishtadyumna, Bhimasena, Vijaya, and other heroes." Sanjaya listed the Pandavas' allies, concluding, "Yudhishthira is prepared for battle."
51 Dhritarashtra feared Bhima's wrath, comparing him to a tiger and a lion. He recalled Bhima's childhood feats and his overthrow of Jarasandha. Dhritarashtra lamented that his sons wouldn't listen and were doomed to destruction by Bhima's deadly mace. He saw no escape and anticipated the wailing of women when his sons were slain.
52 Dhritarashtra said, "Arjuna, with Gandiva and Krishna, is invincible. I fear defeat, as Arjuna's wrath is difficult to pacify. He has never been defeated and will consume my army like a blazing conflagration. I see him shooting arrows, committing havoc, and my troops running away in panic."
53 Dhritarashtra said, "The Pandavas and their allies are eager for victory, resolved to sacrifice their lives. I fear Yudhishthira's wrath, Arjuna's prowess, and the strength of the Twins and Bhimasena. Yudhishthira is like a blazing fire that will destroy my sons. I see the folly of war and predict our destruction. Let us strive for peace."
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55 Duryodhana: "We'll vanquish the foe! Our warriors are superior!"
56 Duryodhana asked Sanjaya about Yudhishthira's army. Sanjaya replied that the Pandavas were ready, with Arjuna's celestial car and divine steeds.
57 Dhritarashtra asked Sanjaya about the Pandavas' army. Sanjaya replied that many kings had joined the Pandavas, led by Dhrishtadyumna.
58 Dhritarashtra urged Duryodhana to make peace, but he refused, vowing to conquer or die.
59 Krishna and Arjuna sat on a golden dais, their feet resting on each other's laps, as Krishna warned of danger and urged peace.
60 Dhritarashtra feared Arjuna's celestial bow and quivers, seeing him as superhuman and capable of defeating the gods.
61 Duryodhana boasted his powers surpass those of the gods, claiming superiority in all aspects.
62 Karna boasted of slaying the Pandavas, but Bhishma predicted his defeat.
63 Vidura rebuked Duryodhana, emphasizing self-restraint and righteousness.
64 Vidura warned Dhritarashtra of family destruction, urging reconciliation with Yudhishthira to avoid war and irreparable losses.
65 Dhritarashtra warned Duryodhana: "Don't underestimate the Pandavas!"
66 Arjuna warns of war devastation.
67 Sanjaya reveals the fate of the Kauravas and Pandavas.
68 Krishna's divine nature and superior strength.
69 Sanjaya describes Krishna's divine nature to Dhritarashtra.
70 Sanjaya describes Krishna's divine names and attributes, highlighting his eternal and supreme nature.
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71 Dhritarashtra envies those who will behold Krishna, describing him as radiant and supreme.
72 Yudhishthira asks Krishna for help, fearing for his safety. Krishna reassures him, offering to negotiate a peace.
73 Krishna urges Yudhishthira to fight, citing Duryodhana's wrongdoings and deserving of death.
74 Bhima urges Krishna to approach Duryodhana with mildness, fearing his wrath will destroy their race.
75 Kesava surprises Bhima, recalling his vows to slay Duryodhana, and urges him to stand firm as a Kshatriya.
76 Bhima boasts, "My arms can crush anyone! I'll trample all Kshatriyas!"
77 Krishna tells Bhima, "I spoke out of affection. Success comes from Destiny and Exertion. War's burden will be on you and Arjuna."
78 Arjuna: "O Krishna, strive for peace or accomplish our good. Duryodhana deserves destruction for his evil deeds."
79 Krishna: "I'll strive for peace, but it's unlikely with Duryodhana."
80 Nakula: "Speak words of mildness and threat, Krishna, and accomplish Yudhishthira's object."
81 Sahadeva and Satyaki urged Krishna to provoke war, seeking revenge.
82 Krishna implored Krishna to aid the Pandavas, recalling her humiliation.
83 Krishna sought to bring peace between the Pandavas and Dhritarashtra's sons.
84 Krishna journeyed to Hastinapura with omens and auspicious signs.
85 Dhritarashtra prepared for Krishna's reception, emphasizing his greatness.
86 Dhritarashtra announced Krishna's arrival, extolling his virtues and offering gifts.
87 Vidura advised Dhritarashtra to be sincere with Krishna, seeking peace.
88 Duryodhana opposed honoring Krishna, proposing imprisonment instead.
89 Krishna arrived in the city, greeted by all except Duryodhana.
90 Pritha lamented her sons' exile, trusting Krishna to help.
91 Krishna refused Duryodhana's offers, supporting the virtuous Pandavas.
92 Vidura warned Krishna of Duryodhana's wicked nature and cautioned him against entering a hostile environment.
93 Krishna sought to liberate the earth from calamity, believing his efforts would have merit even if unsuccessful.
94 Krishna and Vidura conversed, then Krishna proceeded to court, surrounded by soldiers and citizens, and took his seat in silence.
95 Krishna urged Dhritarashtra to establish peace, warning of danger and destruction.
96 Jamadagni's son warned Duryodhana: pride leads to defeat, make peace with Pandavas.
97 Kanwa urged Duryodhana to make peace, citing eternal powers and wisdom over strength.
98 Narada and Matali searched for a husband for Matali's daughter in Varuna's realm, beholding wonders.
99 Narada described Patalam's wonders, seeking a bridegroom for Matali's daughter, but Matali saw none, fascinated by a mysterious egg.
100 Narada showed Matali Hiranyapura, where powerful Danavas lived, but Matali refused to search for a bridegroom there due to god-Danava hostility.
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101 Narada described birds, descendants of Garuda, who subsist on snakes and worship Vishnu, but lack compassion.
102 Narada: "We're in Rasatala, where Surabhi's milk creates the Milky Ocean."
103 Narada: "Bhogavati, ruled by Vasuki, king of Nagas. Shesha supports the earth."
104 Narada praises Matali, strong and virtuous. Sumukha marries Gunakesi, granted immortality.
105 Garuda boasts of his strength, challenges Indra, and is humbled by Vishnu's power.
106 Narada tells the story of Galava and Viswamitra, where Galava fulfills a difficult task to grant his preceptor's wish.
107 Galava, filled with regret, seeks Vishnu's help. Garuda appears, offering to take him to Vishnu.
108 Garuda asks Galava to choose a direction: east (sacred), south (ancestors), west (sunset), or north (gods).
109 Garuda describes Dakshina, where Pitris and celestials reside, and legendary events unfolded.
110 Garuda describes the western quarter, favored by King Varuna, where the sun's rays dismiss at day's end.
111 Garuda describes the northern quarter, where virtue reigns, and Krishna, Jishnu, and Brahman reside.
112 Galava asks Garuda to take him to the east, where gods reside, and is overwhelmed by Garuda's speed and beauty.
113 Garuda's wings fell off after eating with Sandili, but she forgave him and restored them, warning against contempting women.
114 Garuda advises Galava to seek wealth from King Yayati, who has immense wealth, to pay off his debt to Viswamitra.
115 Yayati gives his daughter Madhavi to Galava as alms.
116 Madhavi proposes a solution to Galava's demand for 800 steeds.
117 Divodasa marries Madhavi, fathers Pratardana.
118 Galava offers Madhavi to Usinara for 400 steeds.
119 Garuda advises Galava to offer Madhavi and 600 steeds to Viswamitra.
120 Madhavi chooses forest over Swayamvara, Yayati becomes proud and falls from grace.
121 Yayati falls from heaven, lands among four kings, and is restored by his daughter Madhavi's ascetic merits.
122 King Yayati's daughter's sons restore him to heaven with their virtues.
123 Yayati returns to heaven, learns vanity exhausts merit.
124 Krishna urges Duryodhana to make peace with the Pandavas.
125 Elders urge Duryodhana to make peace with Pandavas.
126 Bhishma and Drona urge Duryodhana to make peace with Pandavas.
127 Duryodhana refuses to compromise, boasting of his strength.
128 Krishna rebukes Duryodhana, predicting war and destruction.
129 Gandhari urges Duryodhana to make peace with the Pandavas.
130 Duryodhana plots to seize Krishna, ignoring Gandhari's warnings.
131 Krishna reveals his divine form, showing his invincibility.
132 Kunti advises Yudhishthira to conquer earth with his arms.
133 Vidula rebukes her son for cowardice, urging him to take action.
134 Vidula urges Sanjaya to fight for his rightful place on the throne.
135 Kunti urges Sanjaya to battle, citing duty and profit.
136 Kunti urges Sanjaya to be brave, revealing secret treasure houses to aid him.
137 Kunti shares a celestial prophecy with Krishna, declaring Arjuna's destiny.
138 Bhishma and Drona urge Duryodhana to make peace with the Pandavas.
139 Bhishma and Drona urge Duryodhana to make peace with the Pandavas.
140 Krishna urges Karna to join the Pandavas, promising a grand ceremony.
141 Karna reveals his past to Krishna, refusing to join the Pandavas due to loyalty to Duryodhana.
142 Krishna tells Karna that the Pandavas' victory is certain, their banner a symbol of triumph. He warns Karna of the impending battle, where the Pandavas will fight with all their might, and the sound of Gandiva will pierce the sky. He instructs Karna to inform the other kings that the time for battle has come, and those who die will attain an excellent state.
143 Karna acknowledges defeat, describing omens and visions of Pandava victory.
144 Kunti decides to use a boon to summon Surya, Karna's father, to persuade him to join the Pandavas.
145 Kunti reveals to Karna that he is her son, born of Surya, and urges him to join the Pandavas.
146 Karna refuses to join Pandavas, seeking redemption through fighting Arjuna.
147 Bhishma advises Duryodhana to make peace with the Pandavas.
148 Drona and Vidura urge Duryodhana to make peace with the Pandavas.
149 Dhritarashtra advises Duryodhana to yield to Yudhishthira's rightful claim.
150 Duryodhana refuses to yield to Yudhishthira's rightful claim.
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151 Yudhishthira chooses Dhrishtadyumna as leader.
152 Pandava army marches to Kurukshetra, blows conchs, roars with joy.
153 Yudhishthira's army encamps at Kurukshetra, preparing for battle.
154 Duryodhana prepares for war, setting up camps on Kurukshetra.
155 Yudhishthira seeks Krishna's guidance, warning of Duryodhana's deceit.
156 Duryodhana distributed his troops, equipping them with weapons and ornaments.
157 Dhritarashtra's son asked Bhishma to lead their army.
158 Yudhishthira prepared for battle, appointing leaders, as Balarama arrived and departed.
159 Rukmi offered to help Arjuna, but was declined and departed.
160 Dhritarashtra felt trapped by Duryodhana's actions, Sanjaya attributed war to destiny.
161 Duryodhana sent Uluka to taunt the Pandavas, mocking Bhima's past as a cook and Arjuna's boasts. He claimed his army was unbeatable, like an uncrossable ocean, and ridiculed their allies. He said the Pandavas would repent and be crushed, with none spared.
162 Uluka taunts Pandavas, mocking their past defeats.
163 Uluka provokes Pandavas, Bhima vows to slay Duryodhana.
164 Arjuna vowed to slay Bhishma, Bhima to quaff Dussasana's blood.
165 Yudhishthira's army prepared to face the Kauravas, with key warriors assigned to battle each other.
166 Bhishma boasted of his prowess, listing skilled warriors in the Kaurava army.
167 Bhishma praised Kaurava warriors, naming notable Rathas.
168 Bhishma praised Kaurava warriors, naming notable Rathas and Maharathas.
169 Bhishma criticized Karna, calling him half a Ratha, leading to a heated exchange.
170 Bhishma praised the Pandavas' strength, citing Arjuna as a mighty Ratha.
171 Bhishma praised Abhimanyu, Satyaki, and others as powerful allies of the Pandavas.
172 Bhishma praised Sikhandin, Dhrishtadyumna, and others as mighty warriors.
173 Bhishma praised warriors, predicting great feats, and vowed to fight with honor, except against Sikhandin.
174 Bhishma defeated suitors in battle, taking three maidens by force, showcasing strength and valor.
175 Amva begged Bhishma to let her go, revealing she had chosen another husband.
176 Amva pleaded with Salwa, but he rejected her, fearing Bhishma.
177 Amva, rejected by Salwa, sought redemption in ascetic life.
178 Amva sought ascetic life; Hotravahana advised seeking Rama's help.
179 Amva chose Rama to defeat Bhishma in battle.
180 Rama vowed to slay Bhishma if necessary.
181 Bhishma and Rama faced off, refusing to back down.
182 Bhishma and Rama fought fiercely, then Bhishma sought forgiveness.
183 Bhishma and Rama fought fiercely, exchanging arrows.
184 Bhishma and Rama fought fiercely, exchanging celestial weapons.
185 Bhishma and Rama fought fiercely, with Brahmanas reviving Bhishma. The battle raged on for 23 days.
186 Bhishma sought help from the gods and Brahmanas, and in a dream, they revealed the secret of the Praswapa weapon.
187 Bhishma and Rama clashed, exchanging arrows. The Brahma weapon was invoked, causing chaos. Bhishma recalled the Praswapa weapon.
188 Bhishma and Rama clashed, but celestial voices intervened, ending the battle with mutual respect.
189 Maiden sought revenge on Bhishma, practiced asceticism, became a river.
190 Princess of Kasi sought revenge, practiced austerities, and became Shikhandi, destined to defeat Bhishma, with Lord Rudra's promise.
191 King Drupada's child, Shikhandi, born a daughter, later became a man.
192 Drupada raised Shikhandi as a son, but her true gender was discovered, enraging King Hiranyavarman.
193 King Drupada sought his wife's counsel, fearing Hiranyavarman's wrath over Sikhandin's gender.
194 Sikhandin's mother revealed the truth to King Drupada, and Sikhandin sought a Yaksha's boon to become a man.
195 Sikhandin, a woman, became a man with Yaksha's help. Bhishma vowed not to slay her.
196 Duryodhana asked Bhishma how long to defeat Pandavas. Bhishma said a month. Karna boasted five days, but Bhishma doubted him.
197 Arjuna boasted he could exterminate the three worlds with Vasudeva's help. He listed their allies, saying they could slay the celestial army. Yudhishthira expressed confidence in their strength.
198 Kings marched against Pandavas, purified and armed. Led by Duryodhana, they included Vinda, Bhishma, and others, ready for battle.
199 Yudhishthira's army marched against the Kauravas, led by Dhrishtadyumna and other warriors, with thousands of elephants, horses, and foot-soldiers.
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1 The Pandavas and Kauravas faced each other, ready for battle. Yudhishthira's tents were set up, and Duryodhana prepared to attack with his brothers and elephants. Conches blew, and the battle began.
2 Vyasa offered Dhritarashtra the power to see the battle, but he declined. Vyasa granted Sanjaya celestial vision instead, warning the king of impending slaughter and terror.
3 Vyasa warned Dhritarashtra of impending doom, describing omens and portents. He urged righteousness, but the king was resigned, and described signs of victory, cautioning that battle is uncertain.
4 Sanjaya explained the merits of earth, classifying creatures and noting their interconnectedness. He emphasized the earth's eternal significance, making it a coveted possession worth fighting for.
5 Sanjaya described the five elements, explaining their combination and existence. He then described the island of Sudarsana, a circular landmass with diverse features and abundant flora and fauna.
6 Sanjaya described the world's geography, with Meru, a golden mountain, at the center, surrounded by four islands.
7 Sanjaya described regions north and east of Meru, including Northern Kurus and Bhadraswa, with wonderous trees and long-lived inhabitants.
8 Dhritarashtra asked Sanjaya about the Varshas and mountains. Sanjaya described their inhabitants and the Lord Hari, who dwells on a golden car, possessing unlimited power.
9 Sanjaya describes the land of Bharata, listing mountains, rivers, and provinces, including the Kuru-Panchalas and Kalingas, and kingdoms of the south and north.
10 Dhritarashtra asks Sanjaya to describe the residents of Bharata and other Varshas. Sanjaya explains the four Yugas, ranking the Varshas in order of superiority.
11 Dhritarashtra asks Sanjaya to describe Sakadwipa, a utopian island with 7 mountains, virtuous people, and no theft or death.
12 Sanjaya describes the northern islands, virtuous and harmonious, with unique features and heavenly bodies.
13 Sanjaya announces Bhishma's fall to Dhritarashtra, lamenting his bravery and honor.
14 Dhritarashtra, with tears and a trembling voice, asks Sanjaya about Bhishma's final moments.
15 Sanjaya tells Dhritarashtra that fate is to blame, not Duryodhana, and shares his divine sight of the battle.
16 Sanjaya describes the battlefield, detailing the splendor of the armies and warriors, comparing them to clouds, lightning, and fire. Bhishma shines like the moon, and the armies are like two oceans about to clash.
17 Sanjaya describes the armies of the Kurus and Pandavas, led by Bhishma and Dhrishtadyumna. Warriors like Aswatthaman and Drona prepare for battle, their standards and weapons shining like fire, sun, and moon. The earth trembles beneath their feet.
18 Sanjaya describes the intense battle preparations, with warriors ready to fight. The earth trembles with loud sounds, and golden standards shine like fire and sun. Legendary warriors like Bhishma take their positions, ready for chaos and destruction.
19 Dhritarashtra asks Sanjaya about Yudhishthira's counter-array. Sanjaya describes the Pandava army's formation, with Bhima leading the charge, striking fear into the enemy's hearts.
20 Dhritarashtra asks Sanjaya to describe the battle's beginning. Sanjaya describes the two armies, with the Pandavas shining like celestials and the Kauravas appearing like Danavas.
21 Arjuna tells Yudhisthira that their righteousness will lead them to victory, with Krishna on their side.
22 Pandava army forms up, Yudhishthira at center, Bhima & Arjuna ready. Krishna urges Arjuna to attack Bhishma. Epic battle looms.
23 Krishna advises Arjuna to invoke Durga, the goddess of strength, before battle. Arjuna praises her, seeking victory. Durga appears, granting her boon and promising success.
24 Dhritarashtra asks Sanjaya about the battle's start. Sanjaya describes both armies as cheerful and fragrant, with a fierce collision.
25 Dhritarashtra asks Sanjaya to describe the battle's start. Arjuna, overcome with emotion, hesitates to fight his kin.
26 Krishna advises Arjuna to fight, teaching selfless action and yoga for inner peace.
27 Arjuna questions Krishna's teachings, and Krishna explains the importance of both devotion and selfless action.
28 Krishna reveals his eternal nature and urges Arjuna to perform duties without attachment, emphasizing knowledge, devotion, and selfless action.
29 Krishna teaches Arjuna that selfless action and devotion are superior, leading to spiritual growth and liberation.
30 Krishna teaches Arjuna about devotion, saying it requires renouncing desires, restraining senses, and equal vision.
31 Krishna reveals his supreme nature, source of all creatures, beyond three qualities, dear to men of knowledge, promising attainment of desires and union with him.
32 Arjuna asks Krishna about Brahman, Adhyatma, and action. Krishna explains Brahman as supreme reality and two paths after death.
33 Krishna reveals to Arjuna that he is the supreme reality, creator, and supporter of all entities, and that worshiping him leads to freedom and eternal tranquility.
34 Krishna reveals his divine perfections to Arjuna, declaring he is the soul, origin, and end of all beings, and the source of everything.
35 Arjuna sees Krishna's universal form, beholding his majesty and greatness, and bows down in awe and fear.
36 Krishna says devotees who fix their minds on him and surrender all actions are dearest to him.
37 Krishna explains Kshetra (body) and Kshetrajna (soul), highlighting the soul's conscious nature.
38 Krishna explains three qualities (gunas): goodness, passion, darkness. Transcending them leads to immortality and union with Brahma.
39 The eternal Ashvattha tree represents life and death. Cutting attachment leads to the supreme seat, beyond pleasure and pain.
40 God-like qualities: fearlessness, purity, compassion. Demoniac qualities: hypocrisy, pride, wrath.
41 Arjuna asks about those who abandon scriptural ordinances. Krishna explains three kinds of faith: good, passionate, and dark, leading to different forms of worship.
42 Arjuna asks about renunciation and abandonment. Krishna explains and encourages seeking refuge in Him for freedom and perfection.
43 Yudhishthira seeks blessings from elders before battle.
44 Pandavas and Kauravas clash, Bhishma shines, outcome uncertain.
45 Bhishma and Arjuna clash, Satyaki and Kritavarman fight fiercely, Abhimanyu gains upper hand, Bhimasena and Duryodhana show great prowess, and chaos ensues.
46 Warriors clash, elephants and cars crash, heroes fall, and blood soaks the earth. Bhishma's standard shines, Pandavas waver, and the battle rages on.
47 Abhimanyu duels Bhishma, piercing him with nine arrows. Pandavas join forces, fighting intensely. Sweta kills Salya. Battle rages on, outcome uncertain. Abhimanyu shines, bravery unmatched.
48 Sweta duels Bhishma, falls to his arrows. Pandavas mourn, Kauravas rejoice. War rages on.
49 Missing
50 Dhritarashtra lamented Sweta's fall, blaming Duryodhana. Arjuna duelled Bhishma, seeking revenge. Dhrishtadyumna slew Bhishma, and the Pandavas won.
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51 Duryodhana rallied his troops, saying, "United, we're invincible!" Conches blew, a deafening din shook the earth, and battle began.
52 Dhritarashtra asked Sanjaya how the battle began. Bhishma and Arjuna engaged in a fierce duel, evenly matched.
53 Drona and Dhrishtadyumna fought fiercely, exchanging arrows. Bhima aided Dhrishtadyumna, piercing Drona with seven arrows.
54 Bhima fought the king of Kalingas, slew his son Sakradeva, and then killed the king.
55 Abhimanyu fought Salya, Kripa, and Aswatthaman, and Arjuna joined the battle, leading the Pandavas to victory.
56 The Kuru army, led by Bhishma, clashed with the Pandavas in a fierce battle.
57 The battle raged on, with Dhananjaya causing great carnage, and both sides suffering heavy losses.
58 Arjuna fought off thousands of cars with his gold-decked arrows, while Bhimasena and Ghatotkacha achieved great feats.
59 Arjuna fought off thousands of cars with his arrows.
60 Arjuna and Bhishma clashed, their bows twanging loudly as they shot arrows at each other.
61 Abhimanyu fought valiantly, slaying Samyamani's son and defeating Samyamani, earning acclaim as a hero and warrior.
62 Dhritarashtra lamented his sons' fate, as Bhima's mace slew many, and Abhimanyu pierced Salya with three shafts.
63 Bhimasena fought off the Kaurava army alone, his mace crushing all in its path.
64 Bhimasena fought off Duryodhana's brothers with his mace, while Ghatotkacha created a terrifying illusion.
65 Dhritarashtra feared Pandavas' victories despite superior Kaurava numbers.
66 Bhishma spoke of Vasudeva, the Supreme God and Universe protector.
67 Bhishma spoke of Vasudeva, the Supreme Being and God.
68 Bhishma spoke of Vasudeva, Master and Lord of gods.
69 Sanjaya described the battle between Pandavas and Dhartarashtras.
70 Sanjaya described the fierce battle between Kaurava and Pandava armies.
71 Sanjaya described the intense battle between Pandavas and Kauravas.
72 Sanjaya described the battle between Pandavas and Kauravas intensely.
73 Sanjaya described the intense battle between Pandavas and Kauravas.
74 Satyaki and Bhurisravas engaged in a fierce battle, shooting arrows.
75 Kurus and Pandavas prepared for battle, forming arrays fiercely.
76 Dhritarashtra's army was strong, like a vast ocean with waves.
77 Bhimasena broke through the Kaurava array, causing fear and comfort.
78 Bhima resisted Duryodhana's arrows and pierced him with sharp shafts.
79 Abhimanyu and Bhimasena pursued Duryodhana's sons, afflicting them fiercely.
80 Bhima pierced Duryodhana's bow, charioteer, and steeds in battle.
81 Duryodhana asked Bhishma for help against the Pandavas.
82 Bhishma arrayed troops in Mandala formation for battle against Pandavas.
83 Bhishma proceeds against Arjuna, Drona pierces Virata with arrows.
84 Dhritarashtra lamented defeats, Sanjaya attributed to fate and bravery.
85 Yudhishthira and Srutayush fought intensely, exchanging blows and arrows.
86 Arjuna fought Trigarta warriors, cutting off bows and piercing shafts.
87 Bhishma attacked Yudhishthira, causing Srinjayas to tremble with fear.
88 Kaurava and Pandava armies formed arrays and fiercely clashed.
89 Bhishma slew Pandava warriors, Bhima resisted, killing Duryodhana's brothers.
90 Dhritarashtra lamented his sons' fall, asking about Bhishma's actions.
91 Sanjaya described the battle to Dhritarashtra, Iravat fought fiercely.
92 Ghatotkacha roared, charged at Duryodhana, seeking to avenge his family.
93 Ghatotkacha shot a dart, killing Bhagadatta's elephant, frightening Kurus.
94 Ghatotkacha shot a dart, killing elephant, frightening Duryodhana's troops.
95 Duryodhana attacked Bhimasena, who seized a mace and charged back.
96 Duryodhana sought Bhishma's help to defeat Ghatotkacha in battle.
97 Arjuna grieved over Iravat's death and vowed to fight on.
98 Duryodhana conspired with Karna to defeat the Pandavas.
99 Bhishma vowed to fight fiercely, but avoid Sikhandin.
100 Kaurava and Pandava armies clash, earth trembles, quarters ablaze.
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101 Abhimanyu's valor in battle scatters Kaurava army with arrowy showers.
102 Abhimanyu defeats Alamvusha, dispels darkness with solar weapon.
103 Drona and Arjuna fight fiercely, exchanging arrows and weapons.
104 Bhishma and Pandavas clash, a fierce and bloody battle ensues.
105 Arjuna kills many Kshatriyas, Pandavas and Kauravas engage in battle.
106 Bhishma surrounded by Pandavas, protected by Dussasana and horsemen.
107 Bhishma strikes Pandavas with shafts, Arjuna vows to slay him.
108 Bhishma won't defend himself against Sikhandin, a former woman.
109 Bhishma unleashes fierce counterattack, but refuses to fight Sikhandin.
110 Bhishma battles Sikhandin, slaughters Pandava troops with swift arrows.
111 Pandavas and Kauravas clash in intense battle, Arjuna leads charge.
112 Pandavas and Kauravas engage in fierce battles, many duels unfold.
113 Drona penetrates Pandava ranks, predicts Arjuna's attack on Bhishma.
114 Bhimasena fights ten Kaurava warriors, displaying remarkable prowess.
115 Arjuna and Bhima fight valiantly, displaying great prowess.
116 Bhishma and Arjuna clash, their arrows meeting in mid-air.
117 Bhishma's bow and arrows rage like fire, consuming all.
118 Sikhandin strikes Bhishma, but Bhishma doesn't retaliate, remembering femininity.
119 Bhishma fights valiantly, slaying thousands in fierce battle.
120 Bhishma fights valiantly, pierced by many arrows, decides to wait.
121 Dhritarashtra lamented Bhishma's fall, regarding the Kurus as slain.
122 Arjuna supported Bhishma's head with three shafts, who applauded him.
123 Bhishma lay on a hero's bed, maidens showered sandalwood powder.
124 Karna came to Bhishma, who embraced him, revealing a secret.
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1 Dhritarashtra lamented Bhishma's death and sought hope in Karna.
2 Karna vowed to avenge Bhishma's death and fight the Pandavas.
3 Karna mourns Bhishma's fall, vows to slay Arjuna.
4 Bhishma praises Karna's prowess, urges him to lead Kurus.
5 Karna suggests Drona as next commander after Bhishma.
6 Duryodhana praises Drona, citing virtues, suitability to lead Kauravas.
7 Drona accepts command, vows to fight valiantly, scatters arrows.
8 Drona single-handedly attacks Pandava army, felling many warriors fiercely.
9 Dhritarashtra laments Drona's death, wondering how Pandavas defeated him.
10 Dhritarashtra lamented, "Who resisted Arjuna, Bhimasena, and Satyaki?"
11 Dhritarashtra praises Vasudeva's feats, infinite prowess, and invincibility.
12 Drona agrees to capture Yudhishthira if Arjuna is absent.
13 Yudhishthira learns of Drona's plan, asks Arjuna for protection.
14 Drona causes chaos in Pandava army with his fierce arrows.
15 Salya and Bhima fight intensely with flashing maces and sparks.
16 Vrishasena fights alone, then Arjuna arrives and gains victory.
17 Drona advises drawing Arjuna away to capture Yudhishthira.
18 Arjuna faces Trigarta brothers, blows conch, and they flee terrified.
19 Arjuna vows to slay Samsaptakas, confuses them with Tvashtra weapon.
20 Drona advances on Yudhishthira, fierce battle rages, earth strewn bodies.
21 Drona fights Pandavas, determined to capture Yudhishthira, slays many.
22 Dhritarashtra asks about Drona, Karna predicts Bhima will fight on.
23 Duryodhana and Karna discuss Drona's battle with Pandavas returning.
24 Bhima breaks through elephant division, causing chaos in battle.
25 Arjuna fights Samsaptaka warriors, then turns to face Bhagadatta.
26 Arjuna and Bhagadatta engage in a fierce battle on elephant.
27 Arjuna and Bhagadatta engage in fierce battle, Arjuna emerges victorious.
28 Arjuna slew Gandhara's sons, dispelled illusions, and showered arrows.
29 Fierce battle rages, heroes fight, Pandavas tremble, awaiting Arjuna's rescue.
30 Bhima fights Karna, Drona, and others in intense battle.
31 Drona's vow broken, Abhimanyu slayed, Kauravas rejoice, Pandavas grieve.
32 Sanjaya praises Pandavas, describes Abhimanyu's death to Dhritarashtra.
33 Abhimanyu agrees to break Drona's array, vowing to succeed.
34 Abhimanyu breaks into Drona's array, fearlessly striking down thousands.
35 Abhimanyu fearlessly strikes down Kaurava warriors, displaying remarkable strength.
36 Abhimanyu battles Salya's brother and followers with skill and strength.
37 Abhimanyu showers arrows on Kaurava warriors, piercing Drona and others.
38 Abhimanyu wounds Duhsasana, who faints, and Pandavas rejoice at victory.
39 Abhimanyu beheads Karna's brother, causing chaos in the Kaurava host.
40 Jayadratha single-handedly checks Pandava army's advance with Mahadeva's boon.
41 Jayadratha fights valiantly, piercing Pandavas with arrows, praised for might.
42 Abhimanyu penetrates Kaurava array, fights off warriors with mighty energy.
43 Abhimanyu defeats many car-warriors, slays hundreds of kings.
44 Abhimanyu defeats many warriors, including Lakshmana, Duryodhana's son.
45 Abhimanyu, youthful and invincible, penetrates Kaurava array, paralyzing opponents.
46 Abhimanyu battles Kaurava warriors, displaying remarkable skill and strength.
47 Abhimanyu fights valiantly, slaying many, before being struck down.
48 The warriors return, covered in blood and grief, to camp.
49 King Yudhishthira laments Abhimanyu's death, feeling responsible for tragedy.
50 Yudhishthira laments Abhimanyu's death, and Vyasa comforts him about Death.
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51 Sthanu appeals to Brahma to stop destruction, filled with compassion.
52 Narada tells story of Death, created by Brahma to destroy.
53 missing
54 missing
55 King Srinjaya's son Suvarnashthivin was born with a golden body.
56 King Suhotra, a virtuous hero, fell prey to death.
57 King Paurava, a heroic king, fell prey to death.
58 King Sivi, son of Usinara, fell prey to death.
59 Rama, son of Dasaratha, fell prey to death, delighted subjects.
60 King Bhagiratha, descendant of Ikshvaku, was dead, gave golden steps.
61 King Dilipa, son of Havila, fell prey to death, performed sacrifices.
62 Mandhatri, son of Yuvanaswa, fell prey to death, conquered earth.
63 Yayati, son of Nahusha, fell prey to death, performed sacrifices.
64 Amvarisha, son of Nabhaga, battled kings, performed sacrifices, gave gifts.
65 King Sasavindu, great warrior, performed sacrifices, gave away sons.
66 Gaya, son of Amartarayas, pleased Agni, performed many sacrifices.
67 Rantideva gave away wealth, food, and treasures to Brahmanas.
68 Bharata, son of Dushmanta, showed great strength and gave away wealth.
69 King Prithu, son of Vena, protected people and gave generously.
70 Rama, son of Jamadagni, will die despite his great virtues.
71 King Srinjaya's grief dispelled by stories of 16 kings.
72 Arjuna grieves for Abhimanyu, lamenting his death in battle.
73 Arjuna vows to kill Jayadratha for Abhimanyu's death.
74 Jayadratha fears Arjuna's vow and seeks Duryodhana's protection.
75 Krishna criticizes Arjuna for vowing to kill Jayadratha alone.
76 Arjuna boasts to Krishna of his ability to defeat Jayadratha.
77 Vasudeva comforts Subhadra, saying Abhimanyu's death was heroic.
78 Subhadra lamented Abhimanyu's death, describing his beauty and bravery.
79 Krishna decided to help Arjuna fulfill his vow to kill.
80 Krishna appears to Arjuna, revealing Pasupata weapon for victory.
81 Arjuna receives Pasupata weapon from Shiva, feels goal achieved.
82 King Yudhishthira rises, prays, and meets Krishna with grandeur.
83 King Yudhishthira meets Krishna, relying on him for victory.
84 Arjuna meets Yudhishthira and Vasudeva, and they proceed to battle.
85 Dhritarashtra laments Abhimanyu's slaughter and warns of Pandava power.
86 Sanjaya criticizes Dhritarashtra for failing to prevent the war.
87 Drona arrays his army in a mighty Sakata formation.
88 Arjuna's arrows cover his foes, striking off heads and chaos.
89 Duhsasana's elephant force attacked Arjuna, who slew them easily.
90 Arjuna battles Drona, seeking to penetrate the Kaurava array.
91 Arjuna battles Drona, using Brahma weapon, and slays others.
92 Arjuna battles the Kuru army, invoking the Sakra weapon.
93 Duryodhana seeks Drona's help, gets magical armor to fight.
94 The Kurus and Pandavas engage in a fierce and awful battle.
95 The Kurus and Pandavas engage in a fierce and intense battle.
96 Kurus and Pandavas engage in fierce battle, warriors fight fearlessly.
97 Drona and Satyaki engage in fierce battle, exchanging blows intensely.
98 Arjuna and Vasudeva proceed through enemy troops, Arjuna shines.
99 Arjuna and Vasudeva proceed, routing the enemy with ease.
100 Arjuna and Vasudeva pierce through enemy host, freed from danger.
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101 Vasudeva urges Arjuna to fight Duryodhana, the root of wrongs.
102 Arjuna and Duryodhana engage in intense battle, armor repels weapons.
103 Kuru warriors rush towards Arjuna, blowing conchs, engaging in battle.
104 Dhritarashtra asks Sanjaya to describe warriors' diverse golden standards.
105 Dhritarashtra asks Sanjaya to describe the fierce battle between Panchalas.
106 Vrihatkshatra and Kshemadhurti engage in a fierce duel, Vrihatkshatra wins.
107 Somadatta's son pierces Draupadi's sons, but they surround and kill him.
108 Ghatotkacha and Alamvusha engage in fierce duel, Ghatotkacha wins.
109 Yuyudhana and Drona battle, Yudhishthira sends Satyaki to aid Arjuna.
110 not there
111 Satyaki agrees to follow Arjuna and slay Jayadratha, assures Yudhishthira.
112 Satyaki charges forward, determined to follow Arjuna despite warnings.
113 Dhritarashtra lamented, "Our army is being slain by Pandavas."
114 Satyaki defeated Kritavarman and fought the Trigarta warriors bravely.
115 Yuyudhana fought valiantly, shooting arrows at Drona and Duryodhana.
116 Drona and Satyaki engaged in a fierce battle, exchanging arrows.
117 Satyaki vanquished Drona, scattering arrows, and slew Sudarsana's forces.
118 Satyaki slays Sudarsana, approaches Arjuna, and routs Kaurava army.
119 Yuyudhana proceeds towards Arjuna, slaying Kaurava troops like a hunter.
120 Dhritarashtra's sons no match for Yuyudhana's fearless fighting skills.
121 Drona rebuked Duhsasana, attacked Panchalas, and emerged victorious.
122 Duhsasana attacked Satyaki, but Satyaki stood firm and victorious.
123 Duryodhana fought valiantly, but Yudhishthira cut off his bow.
124 Drona fought valiantly, slaying many warriors with his shafts.
125 Yudhishthira's anxiety grew, fearing for Arjuna and Satyaki's safety.
126 Bhima prepared to leave, entrusting Yudhishthira's safety to Dhrishtadyumna, and rushed into battle.
127 Bhimasena crossed the car-force, Drona showered arrows, Bhima hurled mace.
128 Dhritarashtra feared Bhimasena, who fought Karna with mighty arrows.
129 Duryodhana, wrathful, approached Drona after troops were defeated.
130 Bhima and Karna fought fiercely, exchanging blows and arrows.
131 Bhima and Karna fought fiercely, exchanging blows and arrows.
132 Bhima and Karna fought fiercely, exchanging blows and arrows.
133 Bhima and Karna clashed, exchanging blows and arrows fiercely.
134 Dhritarashtra lamented Karna's defeat, realizing Bhima's unmatched strength.
135 Bhima and Karna fiercely battled, exchanging blows and arrows.
136 Bhima and Karna battled fiercely, exchanging blows and arrows.
137 Karna and Bhima fiercely battled, exchanging arrowy showers intensely.
138 Karna and Bhima battled fiercely, exchanging arrows and blows.
139 Dhritarashtra lamented Arjuna's penetration, asked Sanjaya to describe Satyaki's fight.
140 Sanjaya described Satyaki's bravery, approaching Arjuna's car alone.
141 Satyaki and Bhurisravas engaged in a fierce and intense battle.
142 Bhurisravas rebuked Arjuna for cutting off his arm in battle.
143 Dhritarashtra asked how Satyaki was defeated by Bhurisravas.
144 Arjuna fought through the Kuru army to kill Jayadratha.
145 Arjuna fought through the Kuru army to reach Jayadratha.
146 Arjuna fought through Kuru army, showing mercy to Kripa.
147 Bhima enraged by Karna's insults, reminds Arjuna of their vow.
148 Krishna worshipped Yudhishthira, saying, "Your prosperity increases, your foe slain."
149 Suyodhana grieves, regrets relying on Karna, and seeks redemption.
150 Drona grieves, regretting his advice was not heeded, blames Duryodhana.
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151 Duryodhana blames Drona, Karna defends him, citing Arjuna's prowess.
152 Kurus and Pandavas clash, Duryodhana fights intensely, Yudhishthira breaks bow.
153 Drona fiercely battles Pandavas, piercing thousands with his shafts.
154 Drona enters Pandava ranks, slays many, Bhima kills with fists.
155 Drona enters Pandava ranks, slays many, Bhima fights back fiercely.
156 Pandavas and Kauravas engage in intense battle, Bhima slays many.
157 Karna boasts of slaying Pandavas, Kripa criticizes his empty words.
158 Aswatthaman rushes at Karna, but is stopped by the king.
159 Aswatthaman, enraged, vowed to destroy Pandavas, fought fiercely, emerged victorious.
160 missing
161 Yudhishthira and Bhimasena surrounded Drona's son, fierce battle ensued.
162 Darkness enveloped the battle, lamps lit, weapons and ornaments shone.
163 Warriors engaged in fierce battle, weapons shining in lamp light.
164 Yudhishthira attacked Drona, Kritavarman counterattacked, and Yudhishthira retreated.
165 Bhuri and Satyaki fought fiercely, Satyaki killing Bhuri eventually.
166 Karna resisted Sahadeva, cutting off his bow and slaying steeds.
167 The ruler of Madras and Virata engaged in a fierce battle.
168 Chitrasena and Satanika exchanged arrows, Vrishasena attacked Drupada fiercely.
169 Sakuni and Nakula exchanged arrows, piercing each other fiercely.
170 Dhrishtadyumna and Drona clashed, exchanging arrows in a fierce battle.
171 Kings surrounded Yuyudhana, but he cut off their arrows.
172 Thy son rebuked Karna and Drona, and they fought fiercely.
173 Karna and Dhrishtadyumna engaged in a fierce battle, exchanging arrows.
174 Ghatotkacha and Alamvusha engaged in a fierce duel, displaying illusions.
175 Ghatotkacha, a gigantic Rakshasa, fought Karna with illusions.
176 Alayudha, a powerful Rakshasa, sought revenge for his kinsmen.
177 Alayudha, a powerful Rakshasa, joined the battle to fight.
178 Ghatotkacha slew Alayudha, a powerful Rakshasa, in battle.
179 Ghatotkacha, delighted after slaying Alayudha, uttered loud victorious roars.
180 Vasudeva celebrated, revealing Karna's dart had been baffled, making him vulnerable.
181 Vasudeva explained how powerful warriors were slain through clever means.
182 Vasudeva protected Arjuna, rendering Karna's dart fruitless in battle.
183 Dhritarashtra lamented Karna's dart killing Ghatotkacha, not Arjuna or Krishna.
184 Yudhishthira refrained from killing Karna, and the battle continued.
185 Duryodhana rebuked Drona, who called Arjuna "unslayable" in response.
186 Arjuna pierced the Kuru host, Drona resisted, but was baffled.
187 The battle resumed at sunrise with noise and chaos.
188 Duhsasana attacked Sahadeva, but Sahadeva quickly cut off his driver's head.
189 missing
190 Duhsasana encountered Dhrishtadyumna, who showered arrows on his steeds.
191 Drona caused carnage among Panchalas, making Pandavas hopeless of victory.
192 Dhrishtadyumna attacked Drona, who was grief-stricken and anxious.
193 Drona fought fairly, consuming many Kshatriyas, then devoted to Yoga.
194 Kauravas fled in fear after Drona's fall, Aswatthaman raged on.
195 Dhritarashtra asked about Aswatthaman's reaction to Drona's death.
196 Aswatthaman vowed to exterminate Panchalas, slay Dhrishtadyumna, and avenge Drona.
197 Aswatthaman rallies Kauravas, seeking revenge for Drona's death.
198 Bhimasena and Panchala king's son defend their actions, urging fight.
199 Dhritarashtra laments Drona's death, Satyaki condemns Dhrishtady umna's actions.
200 Drona's son wreaks havoc, Bhimasena charges, Arjuna refuses to fight.
201 Drona's son wreaks havoc on Pandava army, Bhimasena fights back.
202 Aswatthaman's Narayana weapon attacks Pandava army, Bhimasena fights back.
203 Sanjaya said, "Drona fell, ascended to Brahma's realm after battle."
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1 Kauravas grieve over Drona's fall, make Karna their generalissimo.
2 Sanjaya reports Karna's fall to distressed King Dhritarashtra.
3 Drona falls, Duryodhana rallies troops with Karna as generalissimo.
4 Dhritarashtra falls, overcome with grief, upon hearing of Drona's death.
5 Dhritarashtra learns of battle's outcome, laments destruction and loss.
6 Dhritarashtra asks Sanjaya about slain Pandavas, including Abhimanyu.
7 Dhritarashtra mourns loss of warriors, overcome with grief and sorrow.
8 King Dhritarashtra lamented Karna's death, praising his strength and bravery.
9 Dhritarashtra lamented Karna's death, praising his strength and bravery.
10 Kauravas install Karna as commander, hoping to defeat Pandavas.
11 Karna's army was arrayed, his car shone like the sun.
12 Bhima and Kshemadhurti clashed, their elephants locking tusks fiercely.
13 Karna attacked Pandavas, Nakula and Satyaki fought back fiercely.
14 Srutakarman and Citrasena fought fiercely, exchanging arrows and falling.
15 Drona's son and Bhima fought fiercely, exchanging arrows intensely.
16 Arjuna penetrated the samsaptaka force, causing chaos and destruction.
17 Arjuna and Ashvatthama fought a fierce battle, exchanging blazing shafts.
18 Arjuna fought Dandadhara and Danda, killing them with arrows.
19 Arjuna slew many warriors, cutting off heads and weapons.
20 Pandya, a skilled warrior, fought Ashvatthama in a fierce battle.
21 Karna and Pandavas clashed, filling the sky with arrows.
22 Pandavas and Kauravas clashed in an intense and fierce battle.
23 Sahadeva and Duhshasana clashed in a fierce battle. Sahadeva's bow was cut off, but he took up a sword and hurled it at Duhshasana's chariot. The sword was deflected, and Duhshasana countered with arrows. Sahadeva retaliated, striking Duhshasana's driver and sending his chariot fleeing. Sahadeva emerged victorious, crushing Duryodhana's division.
24 Nakula and Karna clashed, Karna emerged victorious and mocked Nakula.
25 Yuyutsu, Srutakarman, and Shakuni emerged victorious in their battles.
26 Kripa and Kritavarma victorious, Pandava army flees in defeat.
27 Arjuna battled many warriors, unleashing thousands of shafts victoriously.
28 Pandavas and Kauravas clashed in a fierce and chaotic battle.
29 Yudhishthira and Duryodhana engaged in a fierce and intense duel.
30 Kauravas and Pandavas clashed in an intense and bloody battle.
31 Karna vowed to defeat Arjuna, boasting of his abilities.
32 Duryodhana asks Shalya to be Karna's driver in battle.
33 Duryodhana tells Shalya the story of gods and Asuras.
34 Duryodhana tells Shalya the story of gods vs. Asuras battle.
35 Duryodhana asks Shalya to be Karna's driver in battle.
36 Duryodhana asks Shalya to be Karna's driver in battle.
37 Karna boasts to Shalya about his prowess, fearing no one.
38 Karna offers rewards to anyone who can show him Arjuna.
39 Shalya tries to dissuade Karna from fighting Arjuna, calling him foolish.
40 Karna defends his merit and boasts of his strength and weapons.
41 Shalya tells Karna a story about a boastful crow.
42 Karna boasts of his abilities, vowing to defeat Arjuna.
43 Karna tells Shalya he cannot be intimidated in battle.
44 Karna and Shalya argue, Karna criticizes Shalya's character and clan.
45 Karna and Shalya argue, exchanging criticisms and insults.
46 Karna and Shalya exchange words before the epic battle.
47 Arjuna charges against the samsaptakas, fierce battle ensues.
48 Karna penetrates Pandava troops, slays many, and afflicts Yudhishthira.
49 Karna rushes towards Y udhishthira, cutting off weapons and slaying foes.
50 Bhima and Karna clash, exchanging blows in intense battle.
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51 Bhima defeats Karna, killing his brothers and striking him.
52 Warriors fight fiercely, elephants and horses clash in intense battle.
53 Arjuna clashes with samsaptakas, emerges victorious with unmatched valor.
54 Kuru and Pandava armies clash in fierce battle, Shikhandi duels.
55 Ashvatthama showcases archery skills, covering sky with arrows, Pandavas retreat.
56 Ashvatthama showcases archery skills, covering the sky with arrows.
57 Duryodhana rallies troops, Ashvatthama vows revenge, fierce battle ensues.
58 Krishna shows Arjuna the battlefield's carnage and bravery.
59 Karna and Pandavas clash, Dhrishtadyumna and Karna engage in combat.
60 Krishna points out Yudhishthira, pursued by Dhartarashtra's mighty bowmen.
61 Dhritarashtra asks Sanjaya to describe the battle between Pandavas.
62 Sanjaya describes the battle to Dhritarashtra, Arjuna arrives on scene.
63 Karna afflicts Kaikayas, kills 500 warriors, pursues Yudhishthira.
64 Ashvatthama battles Arjuna, baffling his weapons, invoking aindra weapon.
65 Arjuna finds wounded Yudhishthira, rejoices, and worships his feet.
66 Yudhishthira welcomes Krishna and Arjuna, rejoicing at Karna's defeat.
67 Arjuna battles Ashvatthama, destroying arrows and afflicting him with shafts.
68 Yudhishthira rebukes Arjuna for not killing Karna, feeling betrayed.
69 Krishna calms Arjuna, suggests symbolic disrespect to Yudhishthira.
70 Arjuna boasts of strength, seeks forgiveness, promises to slay Karna.
71 Krishna praises Arjuna's virtue, bids him slay Karna.
72 Arjuna prepares to face Karna, equipping his chariot and steeds.
73 "Karna is determined to vanquish you, Arjuna, slay him today."
74 "Arjuna prepares to fight Karna, vows to emerge victorious."
75 "Pandava army roared like clouds, weapons flashing like lightning."
76 Bhima advances into battle, eager to fight the enemy.
77 Arjuna and Bhima advanced in battle, their bows flashing.
78 Karna's prowess was great, checking the entire Pandava army.
79 Arjuna and Karna engage in a fierce duel, determining fate.
80 Arjuna rescues Bhima with a hail of arrows, causing chaos.
81 Arjuna fights off car-warriors and Mlecchas, Bhimasena joins with mace.
82 Karna destroys Pancalas, Arjuna and Bhimasena fight back fiercely.
83 Bhima battles Duhshasana, fueled by rage, and kills him.
84 Bhima and Arjuna fight Karna's son Vrishasena in battle.
85 Arjuna kills Karna's son Vrishasena in a fierce battle.
86 Karna and Arjuna engage in an intense battle, bows drawn.
87 Karna and Arjuna engage in a fierce duel, gods watch.
88 Karna and Arjuna engage in fierce battle, gods watch in awe.
89 Karna and Arjuna engage in fierce battle, gods watch.
90 Karna and Arjuna engage in fierce battle, gods watch.
91 Vasudeva rebukes Karna, "Where was your virtue when Draupadi..."
92 Shalya advanced, wrathful, as troops were crushed, Duryodhana sorrowed.
93 Dhritarashtra asked Sanjaya to describe the Kuru army's state.
94 Shalya described the battlefield to Duryodhana, chaos and destruction.
95 Kauravas fled in fear after Karna's death, hopeless and grief-stricken.
96 Krishna embraced Arjuna, saying, "Tell Yudhishthira of your victory."
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1 Duryodhana grief-stricken after Karna's death, resolves to continue fighting.
2 Dhritarashtra lamented, "My sons have perished, all is lost."
3 After Karna's death, great fear entered hearts of Dhritarashtra's sons.
4 Kripa advises Duryodhana to seek peace with the Pandavas.
5 Duryodhana rejects peace, chooses fame and glorious death in battle.
6 Ashvatthama recommends Shalya as generalissimo to lead their army.
7 Shalya accepts command, vows to vanquish Pandavas, and troops cheer.
8 King Duryodhana commands warriors to arm for battle against Pandavas.
9 Fierce battle between Kurus and Srinjayas, like gods vs Asuras.
10 Madra king Shalya fights Pandavas, Nakula kills Chitrasena and brothers.
11 Pandavas and Kauravas engage in fierce battle, Bhima fights Shalya.
12 Bhima and Shalya engage in fierce duel with maces.
13 Shalya single-handedly fights Pandavas, repelling attacks with formidable bow.
14 Arjuna fights son of Drona, destroys 2,000 cars in battle.
15 Duryodhana and Dhrishtadyumna fight fiercely, shooting showers of arrows.
16 Shalya and Yudhishthira engage in a fierce duel, exchanging arrows.
17 Yudhishthira and Shalya engage in a fierce duel, exchanging arrows.
18 Madraka warriors fought Pandavas, despite Duryodhana's orders to stop.
19 Kuru army fled in fear after Shalya's fall, leaderless and frightened.
20 Shalva, Mleccha king, rode elephant against Pandavas with fierce shafts.
21 Kritavarma resisted Pandavas after Salwa's death, dueled Satyaki fiercely.
22 Duryodhana fought fiercely, covering the earth with thousands of arrows.
23 Duryodhana's army rallied, fighting Pandavas with intense ferocity and portents.
24 Shakuni re-entered battle, urging Kshatriyas to fight, vowing victory.
25 Arjuna's shafts struck the Kaurava army, causing them to flee.
26 Bhimasena destroyed an elephant division, killing many of Duryodhana's sons.
27 Krishna urged Arjuna to slay Duryodhana and remaining troops.
28 Sahadeva and Shakuni exchange arrows in intense battle, Sahadeva prevails.
29 Duryodhana fled, wounded and humiliated, and entered a lake.
30 Duryodhana fled to a lake, refusing to fight again.
31 Yudhishthira called out to Duryodhana, "Arise and fight, O king!"
32 Duryodhana emerged from the lake, mace in hand, to fight.
33 Bhimasena vowed to slay Duryodhana, ending his reign of terror.
34 Rama arrived to witness the battle between Bhimasena and Duryodhana.
35 Rama went on a pilgrimage to the Sarasvati River.
36 Trita was thrown into a pit by his brothers.
37 Baladeva visited tirthas along Sarasvati River, giving away wealth.
38 Janamejaya asked about Sapta-Saraswat and Mankanaka's remarkable feat.
39 Baladeva worshipped at Usanas, a tirtha with a Rakshasa story.
40 Janamejaya asked about Arshtishena, Sindhudwipa, Devapi, and Vishvamitra's stories.
41 Vaishampayana said, "Vaka poured Dhritarashtra's kingdom as a libation."
42 Vishvamitra and Vasishtha's rivalry led to a curse.
43 Sarasvati flowed with blood, Rishis freed her, Indra bathed.
44 Skanda, born from Maheshvara's seed, became celestial generalissimo.
45 Gods invested Kartikeya as generalissimo, gave diverse companions and shouted.
46 Mothers, slayers of foes, followed Kartikeya to destroy daityas.
47 Janamejaya asked about Varuna's installation as Lord of waters.
48 Sruvavati practiced austerities to win Indra's heart, impressing him.
49 Baladeva visited Indra's tirtha and other sacred places, worshipping gods.
50 Asita-Devala, a virtuous Rishi, worshipped ascetic Jaigishavya in his asylum.
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51 Bala proceeded to Sarasvata's tirtha, where a great battle fought.
52 Maiden created by Kuni-Garga practiced severe penances, refused marriage.
53 Samantapanchaka is Brahman's northern altar, where sacrifices are performed.
54 Baladeva visited a hermitage, beheld a sacred tirtha, and bathed.
55 Bhima and Duryodhana clashed with uplifted maces in fierce battle.
56 Bhima and Duryodhana engaged in a fierce verbal battle beforehand.
57 Bhima and Duryodhana fought fiercely, their maces producing loud sounds.
58 Bhima and Duryodhana fight, Vasudeva advises Bhima to cheat.
59 Bhima insults Duryodhana, touches head with foot, Yudhishthira intervenes.
60 Baladeva enraged by Bhima's unfair strike on Duryodhana, Krishna intervenes.
61 Pandavas celebrate Duryodhana's fall, Krishna cautions against cruel speeches.
62 Pandavas celebrate victory, enter Duryodhana's tent, Krishna directs Arjuna.
63 Yudhishthira sent Krishna to comfort Gandhari after the battle.
64 Duryodhana lamented his fate, struck down unfairly by Bhimasena.
65 Ashvatthama finds Duryodhana on ground, covered in blood and dust.
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1 Ashvatthama seeks revenge after Duryodhana's fall, inspired by owl.
2 Destiny and exertion govern men's actions, says Kripa.
3 Ashvatthama vows to avenge his father's death in sleep.
4 Kripa urges Ashvatthama to rest before seeking vengeance.
5 Ashvatthama vows to avenge his father's death despite Kripa's advice.
6 Ashvatthama encounters a terrifying being at the camp gate.
7 Ashvatthama prayed to Lord Mahadeva, offering himself as a victim.
8 Ashvatthama prayed to Lord Mahadeva, offering himself as victim.
9 Duryodhana lay struck down, surrounded by three surviving warriors.
10 Yudhishthira fell, overcome with grief, lamenting their defeat.
11 Yudhishthira grieved, Draupadi vowed praya until Ashvatthama was slain.
12 Krishna warned Yudhishthira of Ashvatthama's threat to the Pandavas.
13 Krishna and Pandavas approach Ashvatthama, who prepares a weapon.
14 Krishna tells Arjuna to use celestial weapon, neutralizing Ashvatthama's.
15 Arjuna withdraws weapon, fearing Drona's son's counterattack.
16 Krishna predicts Parikshit's birth, Drona's son curses his own fate.
17 Ashvatthama sought Mahadeva's aid, making his weapon irresistible.
18 Rudra's wrath destroyed the sacrifice, causing earth to shake.
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1 King Dhritarashtra grieved, but Sanjaya consoled him to cast grief.
2 Vidura consoled King Dhritarashtra, saying, "Why grieve? Everything ends."
3 Vidura: "Wise find tranquility by controlling grief and joy."
4 Vidura: "Creatures develop, face evils, and are bound by desires."
5 Vidura's allegory: brahmana's journey through treacherous forest symbolizes life.
6 Vidura explains allegory: wilderness is world, desires are bees seeking.
7 Vidura teaches self-restraint, renunciation, and compassion for liberation.
8 Vyasa consoles Dhritarashtra, reminding him of life's instability and fate.
9 Vidura consoles Dhritarashtra, reminding him of life's fleeting nature.
10 Dhritarashtra, sorrowful, summons ladies, who come, uttering loud wails.
11 Dhritarashtra meets Kripa, Ashvatthama, and Kritavarma, who reveal his son's fall.
12 Dhritarashtra grieves for his sons, breaks iron Bhima statue.
13 Krishna rebukes Dhritarashtra for his faults, and he accepts them.
14 Gandhari grieves for her sons, Vyasa advises forgiveness and peace.
15 Gandhari rebukes Bhima, then comforts Pandavas with Kunti.
16 Gandhari beheld the slaughter and lamented piteously with her eye.
17 Gandhari wept, embracing Duryodhana's blood-covered body, lamenting his fate.
18 Gandhari lamented to Krishna, "My hundred sons, all slain!"
19 Gandhari lamented to Krishna, "My sons lie slain, so young!"
20 Gandhari lamented to Krishna, "Abhimanyu, Arjuna's son, lies slain!"
21 Gandhari lamented, "Karna lies slain, a blazing fire extinguished!"
22 Gandhari lamented, "The lord of Avanti lies slain, vultures feed."
23 Gandhari lamented, "Shalya lies dead, face eaten by crows."
24 Gandhari lamented, "Somadatta's son lies dead, pecked by birds!"
25 Somadatta's son lies dead, pecked by birds, Bhurishrava's arm torn.
26 Gandhari, don't grieve! Duryodhana's actions caused many deaths.
27 Kunti reveals Karna as her son, Yudhishthira mourns his death.
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1 Yudhishthira grieves for Karna, his secret uterine brother.
2 Narada tells story of Karna, doomed by Brahmana's curse.
3 Rama teaches Karna Brahma weapon, but discovers his true identity.
4 Karna and Duryodhana attend Kalinga princess's self-choice, fight ensues.
5 Karna fought Jarasandha, gained town, but was later slain.
6 Kunti consoled Yudhishthira over Karna's death and revealed past attempts.
7 Yudhishthira grieved for Karna, renouncing the world for redemption.
8 Arjuna spoke, "Oh, king, why abandon earth for poverty?"
9 Yudhishthira renounces worldly pleasures for a righteous forest life.
10 Bhimasena: Renunciation is for the weak, not Kshatriyas like us.
11 Arjuna: Ascetics mistaken, Indra guides them to life of duty.
12 Nakula: Domesticity is superior, give away wealth and restrain soul.
13 Sahadeva: Cast off mental attachments, look upon all as self.
14 Draupadi: "Arise, O king, and enjoy the earth, don't be depressed!"
15 Arjuna: "Chastisement governs, protects, and upholds righteousness and order."
16 Bhimasena: "Conquer thy mind's foe and govern thy kingdom."
17 Yudhishthira: "Renounce desires, practice penances, and attain beatitude."
18 "Rule the Earth, give grace, and support the pious."
19 "Renunciation and Brahma knowledge are superior to wealth and weapons."
20 "Sacrifice is key to happiness, and wealth is the means."
21 "Contentment is the highest heaven, conquering desires beholds the soul."
22 "Why grieve, O king, when you've obtained sovereignty?"
23 "Arjuna's words are true, domestic duties are essential, Yudhishthira."
24 "Krishna-Dwaipayana told Yudhishthira to rule and protect his subjects."
25 "Vyasa told Yudhishthira to govern with intelligence and sacrifice."
26 "Yudhishthira tells Arjuna wealth isn't key to happiness and heaven."
27 "Yudhishthira lamented, 'I'm a covetous sinner, unfit to live.'"
28 "Joys and griefs attach, robbing reason, in destiny's ocean."
29 "Joys and griefs attach, robbing reason, devoured by time."
30 "Narada and Parvata, two Rishis, cursed and forgave each other."
31 Narada tells Yudhishthira about Suvarnashthivin, king with golden excreta.
32 Vyasa tells Yudhishthira to follow scriptures and perform expiatory acts.
33 Vyasa consoles Yudhishthira, says Time is responsible, not him.
34 Missing
35 Vyasa lists sinful acts and means of expiation to Yudhishthira.
36 Vyasa tells Yudhishthira that sins can be washed away through penances.
37 Yudhishthira asks Vyasa about clean food and worthy gifts.
38 Yudhishthira seeks guidance from Vyasa on duties and morality.
39 Yudhishthira enters city, greeted by citizens and ladies praising Pandavas.
40 Janardana addresses Yudhishthira, saying Brahmanas are gods on earth.
41 Yudhishthira took his seat on a golden throne, surrounded by.
42 King Yudhishthira: "Serve King Dhritarashtra, our father and god."
43 King Yudhishthira performed Sraddha rites, giving wealth and gems away.
44 King Yudhishthira hailed Krishna, the One Being and soul Universe.
45 King Yudhishthira assigned brothers magnificent palaces, ending their hardships.
46 Yudhishthira regained his kingdom and honored Vidura and Krishna.
47 Krishna praised Bhishma's prowess and knowledge to Yudhishthira.
48 Bhishma thought of Krishna and hymned his praise devoutly.
49 Krishna and Yudhishthira proceeded to Kurukshetra, a haunted battle field.
50 Rama, born to Jamadagni, slew Kshatriyas and filled earth.
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51 Vasudeva praised Bhishma's prowess, saying he was equal to gods.
52 Bhishma, filled with joy, addressed Krishna, saying "How can I?"
53 Krishna meditated, performed ablutions, and visited Bhishma with Pandavas.
54 Bhishma, comfortable and clear-headed, ready to discourse on duties.
55 Bhishma offers to discourse on duty, praising Yudhishthira's virtues.
56 Yudhishthira sought guidance on kingly duties from Bhishma.
57 Yudhishthira sought guidance from Bhishma on kingly duties and morality.
58 Bhishma advises Yudhishthira on kingly duties, emphasizing protection.
59 Bhishma advises Yudhishthira on kingly duties and protection of subjects.
60 Yudhishthira asks Bhishma about duties of four social orders.
61 Bhishma describes four modes of life and their duties.
62 Bhishma advises Yudhishthira to follow righteous path for happiness.
63 Bhishma advises Yudhishthira on Brahmana duties and kingly responsibilities.
64 Kingly duties are essential for protecting all creatures, says Bhishma.
65 Kingly duties are essential, says Indra to Mandhatri.
66 A king's duties include justice, gifts, and compassion, says Bhishma.
67 Electing a king is the first duty of a kingdom.
68 The king's duties are the root of all men's duties.
69 A king's duties include self-control, wisdom, and protecting his kingdom.
70 A king should be kind, faithful, brave, and humble always.
71 Protect subjects righteously, be liberal, and observe righteousness, Yudhishthira.
72 Appoint a priest who protects good, punishes wicked, shares merit.
73 King and priest need each other, flourish together, chaos otherwise.
74 King's strength comes from priest, Brahmanas and Kshatriyas work together.
75 King should be liberal, protective, and compassionate, earning merit.
76 Virtuous Brahmanas are equal to Brahma, others are like Sudras.
77 King protects subjects and wealth, except for observant Brahmanas.
78 Bhishma advises Brahmanas on supporting themselves in times of distress.
79 Bhishma lists qualities of ideal priests for sacrifices and penances.
80 Bhishma advises king on ministers, trust, and cautious friendship.
81 Bhishma advises Yudhishthira to use soft words and forgiveness.
82 Bhishma tells Yudhishthira about sage Kalakavrikshiya's exposure of corruption.
83 Bhishma advises Yudhishthira on characteristics of a king's officials.
84 Bhishma shares conversation on agreeable speech with Yudhishthira.
85 Yudhishthira asks Bhishma about king's path to blessedness and fame.
86 Yudhishthira asks Bhishma about the ideal capital city's defenses.
87 Bhishma advises Yudhishthira on consolidating and protecting a kingdom.
88 Bhishma advises Yudhishthira on king-craft, protecting and benefiting subjects.
89 Bhishma advises Yudhishthira on king-craft, protecting Brahmanas and subjects.
90 Bhishma recites Utathya's words to Mandhatri on king's righteousness.
91 Utathya advises Mandhatri: king's righteousness is crucial for prosperity.
92 Yudhishthira asks Bhishma about righteous kingship, citing Vamadeva's advice.
93 Vamadeva advises king to rule righteously and follow scriptures.
94 Vamadeva advises king to win victories without battles and wisely.
95 Bhishma advises Yudhishthira on fair conduct in battle and victory.
96 Bhishma advises Yudhishthira on righteous conduct in war and victory.
97 Kings become pure through sacrifices, gifts, and penances, says Bhishma.
98 Battle is a sacrifice, brave warriors earn felicity, cowards hell.
99 King Janaka showed warriors heaven for brave fighters, hell for cowards.
100 Bhishma advises Yudhishthira on leading troops to battle successfully .
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101 missing
102 missing
103 Rama teaches Karna the Brahma weapon, then curses him.
104 Karna helps Duryodhana abduct princess, defeats pursuing kings.
105 Karna and Jarasandha fought a fierce battle, Karna won Malini.
106 Kunti reveals past attempts to unite Karna with brothers.
107 Yudhishthira grieved for Karna, lamenting their rivalry and power pursuit.
108 Arjuna's words were a passionate appeal to Yudhishthira's sense of duty and responsibility, and a reminder of the importance of maintaining their position and prosperity.
109 Yudhishthira renounces worldly life, seeking eternal happiness and liberation.
110 Bhimasena rebuked Yudhishthira, saying renunciation was unsuitable for Kshatriyas.
111 Arjuna recounts Indra's advice to embrace domestic life and duties.
112 Nakula advises Yudhishthira to embrace domestic life and Kshatriya duties.
113 Sahadeva advises casting off mental attachments for true renunciation.
114 Draupadi asks Yudhishthira why he's depressed, citing his kingly duties.
115 Arjuna tells Yudhishthira to wield the rod of chastisement.
116 Bhimasena urges Yudhishthira to assume sovereignty and overcome grief.
117 Yudhishthira advises Bhima to renounce desires and earthly goods.
118 Arjuna recounts King Janaka's story to encourage Yudhishthira.
119 Yudhishthira tells Arjuna that renunciation is superior to wealth.
120 Devasthana tells Yudhishthira that sacrifice is essential, citing examples.
121 Devasthana cites Vrihaspati, who praises contentment and non-injury as best.
122 Arjuna tells Yudhishthira to stop grieving and follow Kshatriya duties.
123 Vyasa tells Yudhishthira to follow domestic duties and Kshatriya roles.
124 Krishna-Dwaipayana advises Yudhishthira to rule and perform sacrifices.
125 Vyasa tells Yudhishthira that Time is the means of acquisition.
126 Yudhishthira tells Arjuna wealth isn't only means to happiness.
127 Yudhishthira grieves for fallen warriors, feeling guilty and overwhelmed.
128 Vyasa advises Yudhishthira to cast off grief and enjoy life.
129 Yudhishthira grieves; Krishna consoles him, stressing duty and mortality.
130 Narada and Parvata's compact leads to curses and marriage.
131 Narada tells Yudhishthira about Suvarnashthivin, a child with golden excreta.
132 Vyasa advises Yudhishthira to follow duty and protect his subjects.
133 Yudhishthira grieves over war's devastation, feeling guilty for deaths.
134 missing
135 Yudhishthira asks Vyasa about acts requiring expiation and sin.
136 Vyasa tells Yudhishthira that sins can be washed away through penances.
137 Yudhishthira asks Vyasa about clean food and worthy gifts.
138 Yudhishthira asks Vyasa about royal duties and morality, seeking guidance.
139 Yudhishthira enters city, greeted by citizens, praised by ladies.
140 Janardana tells Yudhishthira about Brahmanas and shares Charvaka's story.
141 Yudhishthira took his seat on a golden throne, coronation began.
142 King Yudhishthira serves King Dhritarashtra, appoints brothers to positions.
143 King Yudhishthira performed Sraddha rites, ruled with virtue and compassion.
144 King Yudhishthira hailed Krishna, the One Being and soul of Universe.
145 King Yudhishthira comforted his brothers, assigning them lavish palaces.
146 Yudhishthira appointed duties, gave generously, and honored Krishna's grace.
147 Krishna praised Bhishma's prowess and knowledge, urging Yudhishthira to approach.
148 Bhishma sought refuge in Krishna, the supreme lord and creator.
149 Hrishikesa and Yudhishthira proceeded to Kurukshetra, a field of bones.
150 Rama, Jamadagni's son, avenged his father's death and slaughtered Kshatriyas.
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151 Bhishma, on his bed of arrows, salutes divine Krishna.
152 Bhishma spoke to Krishna, "I'm unable to speak due to wounds."
153 Krishna awoke, meditated on Brahma, and was praised by others.
154 Janamejaya asked about Bhishma's conversation with the Pandavas.
155 Bhishma offers to discourse on duty to Yudhishthira.
156 Yudhishthira asks Bhishma about kingly duties and their importance.
157 Bhishma advises Yudhishthira on decisive action, justice, wisdom, and protection.
158 Bhishma says protection of subjects is a king's main duty.
159 Bhishma explains kingship arose to maintain order and justice.
160 Yudhishthira asks Bhishma about duties of the four orders.
161 Bhishma describes four modes of life and their duties.
162 Yudhishthira asks Bhishma about auspicious duties for their order.
163 Bhishma tells Yudhishthira about Brahmana duties and kingly importance.
164 Bhishma tells Yudhishthira about kingly duties and their importance.
165 Indra tells Mandhatri that Kshatriya duties are the foremost.
166 Bhishma explains to Yudhishthira that a king attains four modes.
167 Yudhishthira asks Bhishma about kingdom's duties, Manu becomes first king.
168 Yudhishthira asks why Brahmanas consider the king a god, Bhishma explains.
169 Yudhishthira asks Bhishma about a king's duties and virtues.
170 Yudhishthira asks about virtues for a king, Bhishma lists thirty-six.
171 Yudhishthira asks how a king should protect his subjects righteously.
172 Bhishma advises Yudhishthira to appoint a priest for guidance.
173 Bhishma advises Yudhishthira to appoint a learned priest for guidance.
174 Bhishma tells Yudhishthira that a king's strength rests on his priest.
175 Yudhishthira asks Bhishma about a king's conduct and duties.
176 Yudhishthira asks Bhishma about Brahmanas' duties and their roles.
177 Yudhishthira asks Bhishma about the king's role and responsibilities.
178 Yudhishthira asks Bhishma about Brahmanas' duties in times of distress.
179 Yudhishthira asks about qualities of priests in sacrifices, Bhishma answers.
180 Yudhishthira asks about king's minister, Bhishma explains four kinds friends.
181 Yudhishthira asks how to win over friends and foes, Bhishma advises.
182 Bhishma tells Yudhishthira to protect those who advance his interests. Sage Kalakavrikshiya exposed corrupt officers in King Kshemadarsin's kingdom, accusing them of embezzlement. The officers united and killed his crow, but the sage sought the king's protection and advised him to strike against them cautiously.
183 Yudhishthira asks Bhishma about the characteristics of a king's advisors. Bhishma advises that legislators should be modest and truthful, ministers of war should be courageous, and counsellors should be wise and forgiving. The king should consult with devoted, wise, and courageous ministers and keep his counsels secret.
184 Bhishma tells Yudhishthira that Vrihaspati advised Sakra to use agreeable speech to win hearts. Sweet words can bring happiness, love, and reconciliation, even in difficult situations. A king should use sweet words when punishing or taking something away. Sakra followed this advice and became beloved. Yudhishthira should do the same.
185 Yudhishthira asks Bhishma how a king can achieve great blessedness and fame. Bhishma advises a king to conduct himself righteously, protect his subjects, and appoint worthy ministers. He should administer justice fairly, punish offenders, and cherish good men. The king should be cautious and not trust anyone too readily.
186 Yudhishthira asks Bhishma about the ideal city for a king. Bhishma advises a strong citadel, abundant resources, and a loyal population. The king should protect his people, fill his treasury, and establish justice. He should also honor ascetics, use spies, and protect the helpless.
187 Yudhishthira asks Bhishma how to consolidate and protect a kingdom. Bhishma advises a well-organized administration, fair taxation, and protection of the people, especially the Vaisyas. He should be a just and fair king, beloved by his subjects, and surround himself with able ministers and advisors.
188 Bhishma advises Yudhishthira on how a king should behave when desiring more wealth. He should protect his subjects, impose taxes gradually, check disorderly elements, and encourage productive activities. A wise king should display truth, sincerity, and absence of wrath, and wield the rod of chastisement to enhance his treasury and kingdom.
189 Bhishma advises Yudhishthira on kingcraft, protection, and support for all.
190 Bhishma advises King Mandhatri to uphold righteousness and justice.
191 King Mandhatri should act virtuously, protect subjects, and uphold righteousness.
192 Yudhishthira asks Bhishma about a righteous king's duties and behavior.
193 Vamadeva advises King Vasumanas to set a good example always.
194 Vamadeva advises king to win victories without battles for greatness.
195 Bhishma advises Yudhishthira to fight battles with fair and righteous means.
196 Bhishma advises Yudhishthira to conquer with righteous means always.
197 Kings attain felicity through sacrifices, gifts, and brave deeds.
198 Bravery in battle is a form of sacrifice, earning felicity.
199 King Janaka shows warriors heaven and hell before battle.
200 Bhishma advises kings on leading troops to battle effectively.
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201 Bhishma describes regional warriors' traits and heroic characteristics.
202 Bhishma lists signs of army's success and advises peaceful means.
203 Bhishma cites Vrihaspati's advice on handling different types of foes.
204 Bhishma advises Yudhishthira to seek felicity in solitude and simplicity.
205 The sage advises the king to renounce pride and humble himself.
206 King refuses deceit, seeks righteousness, forms alliance with Videhas ruler.
207 Bhishma advises king to unite with courageous men, avoid strife.
208 Worship and serve mother, father, and preceptor, says Bhishma.
209 Bhishma advises Yudhishthira on virtue, truth, and falsehood's complexity.
210 Follow scriptural duties, cultivate virtues, and seek refuge in Narayana.
211 A jackal, formerly a cruel king, becomes compassionate and truthful.
212 Bhishma advises Yudhishthira to avoid idleness and use intelligence.
213 Yudhishthira asks Bhishma about facing powerful foes without aids.
214 Yudhishthira asks Bhishma how to respond to harsh speeches.
215 Yudhishthira asks Bhishma about the duties of a king.
216 Bhishma tells story of sage and dog transformed into leopard.
217 Dog transformed into various animals, becomes ungrateful, returns to form.
218 King should appoint qualified ministers, exercise supervision, and protect subjects.
219 Appoint servants to fitting offices, says Bhishma to the king.
220 Bhishma advises Yudhishthira on kingly duties: protection and adaptability.
221 Chastisement is the lord of everything, embodiment of righteousness.
222 Bhishma tells story of King Vasuhoma and origin of Chastisement.
223 Yudhishthira asks about Virtue, Wealth, and Pleasure's interconnectedness.
224 Yudhishthira asks Bhishma about acquiring virtuous behavior and prosperity.
225 Yudhishthira asks Bhishma about Hope and its elusive nature.
226 King Sumitra meets ascetics, seeking wisdom on the nature of Hope.
227 Rishabha meets Tanu, an emaciated Rishi, in Nara's asylum.
228 King Viradyumna searches for lost son, meets ascetic Tanu.
229 Yudhishthira asks Bhishma to discourse on morality and truth.
230 Yudhishthira asks Bhishma about a king's conduct in distress.
231 Yudhishthira asks Bhishma about a weak king's actions in distress.
232 Yudhishthira asks Bhishma about living without righteous rule.
233 Bhishma advises king to fill treasury for religious merit.
234 Bhishma advises Kshatriyas to prioritize power and wealth for duty.
235 Bhishma tells story of Kayavya, robber who followed Kshatriya duties.
236 Bhishma advises kings to take wealth from non-religious for treasury.
237 Bhishma tells story of three fish friends: foresight, adaptability, procrastination.
238 Bhishma advised Yudhishthira on strategy, alliances, and seeking wise counsel for prosperity.
239 Bhishma tells story of Pujani, bird who sought revenge.
240 Bhishma advises Yudhishthira on kinghood, citing Bharadwaja's wise words.
241 Bhishma tells Viswamitra's story to Yudhishthira for guidance.
242 Bhishma advises Yudhishthira to use wisdom and respect Brahmanas.
243 Bhishma tells story of pigeon protecting foe, illustrating mercy.
244 Pigeon laments wife's absence, praises her devotion and constant love.
245 She-pigeon advises husband to help fowler, prioritizing virtue and duty.
246 Pigeon sacrifices himself to feed fowler, transforming his heart.
247 Fowler transformed by pigeon's sacrifice, vows to practice righteousness.
248 She-pigeon reunites with husband in afterlife, joyful and honored.
249 Fowler seeks redemption, dies in fire, and attains heavenly success.
250 King Janamejaya kills Brahmana, seeks redemption for his sin.
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251 Janamejaya seeks redemption, pledges to never harm Brahmanas again.
252 Saunaka advises Janamejaya to cultivate righteousness and perform horse-sacrifice.
253 Bhishma tells story of child restored to life by Sankara.
254 Bhishma tells story of Salmali and Pavana's protective friendship.
255 Narada scolds Salmali for boasting and withholding worship from Wind.
256 Wind god approaches Salmali in rage, but Salmali is unfazed.
257 The Salmali tree cut off its branches, surrendering to Wind.
258 Covetousness is the root of all sin, says Bhishma.
259 Bhishma says ignorance originates from covetousness, root of all misery.
260 Bhishma says self-restraint is highest duty, leading to great merit.
261 Bhishma says penance is the root of everything, essential for success.
262 Bhishma says truth is eternal duty, highest refuge, and righteousness.
263 Bhishma explains origins of vices to Yudhishthira, true knowledge conquers.
264 Bhishma describes malevolent individuals as slanderous, mean, and deceitful.
265 Bhishma advises Yudhishthira to support impoverished Brahmanas and sacrifices.
266 Bhishma tells Nakula the sword's origin and its purpose.
267 Yudhishthira and brothers discuss Virtue, Wealth, and Desire's importance.
268 Bhishma advises Yudhishthira on forming friendships and alliances.
269 Gautama finds heavenly spot, meets bird Rajadharman, receives hospitality.
270 Rajadharman helps Gautama, a poor Brahmana, acquire wealth from king.
271 Gautama, a poor Brahmana, considers harming crane for food.
272 Gautama slew crane Rajadharman, despite his kindness and hospitality.
273 Rajadharman revived by Surabhi's milk, reunites with Gautama.
274 Bhishma advises detachment to overcome grief and attain tranquility.
275 Bhishma shares Medhavin's story, urging virtue and self-restraint.
276 Bhishma advocates for renunciation, citing its liberating power.
277 Manki's story teaches renouncing attachment and desire for happiness.
278 Bhishma shares stories to teach freedom from attachments and desires.
279 Prahlada and Ajagara's story teaches simplicity and detachment.
280 Wisdom is the greatest refuge, says Bhishma to Yudhishthira.
281 Virtuous acts lead to happiness, sinful acts lead to suffering.
282 Manasa, the Primeval Being, created the universe and all things.
283 Brahman created by fiat of will, first creating water.
284 The five elements are infinite, vast, and create all objects.
285 Heat resides in the head, protecting the body, causing exertion.
286 Bharadwaja questions life's value, significance, and continuation after death.
287 The Soul transforms, migrates, and witnesses, feeling pleasure and pain.
288 Brahman created four orders equally, distinguished by actions and qualities.
289 Characteristics, not birth, define one's order, leading to Brahma.
290 Truth is Brahma, creating and upholding the universe, leading to happiness.
291 Four modes of life: study, domestic, forest, and renunciation.
292 Forest recluses and Parivrajakas live ascetic lives, free from attachment.
293 Good conduct involves purity, sun worship, and right eating habits.
294 Adhyatma: Supreme Soul creates and destroys, witnesses all beings.
295 Bhishma explains four kinds of yoga meditation to Yudhishthira.
296 Yudhishthira asks about fruits of silent recitation, Bhishma explains benefits.
297 Bhishma explains Reciters' faults and consequences, including hell and rebirth.
298 Bhishma describes hell for Reciters, Supreme Soul's region is supreme.
299 A Brahmana, devoted to Gayatri recitation, chose it over heaven despite deities' urging.
300 Bhishma describes Brahmana and monarch's equal rewards and shared end.
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301 Bhishma narrates discourse between Manu and Vrihaspati on knowledge.
302 Manu explains the universe's origin and the soul's journey.
303 Manu describes the Soul as the silent Witness, omniscient.
304 Manu explains the Soul's nature and its relationship with senses.
305 Manu advises against brooding over sorrow, recommends wisdom and self-restraint.
306 Manu explains uniting senses and mind reveals supreme Brahma.
307 Yudhishthira asks Bhishma to describe Vishnu, the Creator and origin.
308 Yudhishthira asks about the first Prajapatis and Rishis, Bhishma explains.
309 Yudhishthira asks Bhishma about Krishna's energy and great feats.
310 Yudhishthira asks Bhishma about the highest yoga for emancipation.
311 Bhishma explains the cycle of rebirth and the eternal Soul.
312 Bhishma advises abandoning earthly attachments to attain emancipation.
313 Bhishma explains Passion and Darkness lead to sorrow and bondage.
314 Bhishma explains knowledge and scriptures can conquer the senses.
315 Attachment to sensory objects leads to helplessness, detachment to freedom.
316 A yogin should abandon sleep and dreams, influenced by passion.
317 To know Brahma, understand four topics: dreams, slumber, attributes, transcendence.
318 Yudhishthira asks Bhishma about Janaka's path to emancipation, seeking knowledge.
319 Bhishma tells Yudhishthira about Janadeva's conversation with Panchasikha.
320 Yudhishthira asks Bhishma about path to happiness and freedom.
321 Yudhishthira asks Bhishma about eating sacrifices' remnants and penance.
322 Yudhishthira asks Bhishma about man's role in his own actions.
323 Yudhishthira asks Bhishma about living on after losing prosperity.
324 Vali, now an ass, advises Indra on the fleeting nature.
325 Sree, goddess of Prosperity, deserts Vali and chooses Indra.
326 Namuchi remains untroubled, accepting his fate with wisdom and cheer.
327 Yudhishthira seeks advice; Bhishma emphasizes fortitude and understanding Time’s power.
328 Sree, goddess of prosperity, leaves Asuras for Indra's virtues.
329 Wise men attain Brahma, unperturbed by praise or blame.
330 Narada is learned, humble, and free from pride and malice.
331 Bhishma shares Vyasa's explanation: Brahma exists before creation and cycles.
332 Brahma creates universe with Avidya, leading to Mahat and Mind.
333 Universal dissolution: Suns and flames burn, consuming the universe.
334 A Brahmana's duties include studying Vedas and making gifts.
335 A Brahmana's duties include knowledge, restraint, sacrifice, and self-control.
336 Knowledge and self-restraint lead to emancipation, says Vyasa.
337 Vyasa: Knowledge is key to emancipation, surpassing natural causes.
338 Vyasa: Acts lead to knowledge and emancipation, Yogins believe Brahma.
339 Success in attaining Brahma comes through knowledge, penance, sense control, renunciation, and perceiving the Soul within all beings.
340 Vyasa: Unite intellect, mind, and senses to attain knowledge.
341 Suka asks about contradictory Vedic declarations, acts vs. knowledge.
342 Suka asks Vyasa about contradictory Vedic declarations on acts.
343 Vyasa explains householder duties: store grain, worship guests, self-restraint.
344 Bhishma explains Vanaprastha and Renunciation modes of life.
345 Suka asks Vyasa about attaining knowledge through Yoga and solitude.
346 Vyasa explains Jiva-soul and Supreme Soul's relationship and concealment.
347 Vyasa explains Adhyatma as five great entities forming all creatures.
348 Mind creates ideas, understanding settles, and heart discriminates agreeability.
349 Understanding creates objects, Soul presides, and wisdom brings happiness.
350 Restrain senses, concentrate mind, and behold the blazing Soul within.
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351 True Brahmana transcends desire, achieving knowledge of the Soul.
352 Vyasa teaches Adhyatma, explaining elements and attributes leading to Emancipation.
353 Vyasa explains the subtle Soul and Supreme cause of universe.
354 Vyasa describes a tree of Desire born from Error.
355 Bhishma explains properties of elements, mind, and understanding.
356 Yudhishthira asks Bhishma about life and death after battle.
357 Sthanu pleads with Brahman to spare created beings from death.
358 Narada tells story of Death's origin, consoles Yudhishthira about son.
359 Yudhishthira asks Bhishma about righteousness and its sources.
360 Yudhishthira questions how to determine duty and righteousness amidst complexity.
361 Bhishma tells Yudhishthira about Jajali's penances and his pride.
362 Tuladhara advocates for universal friendliness and harmlessness to all creatures.
363 Tuladhara advocates for non-violent sacrifice and mental self-reflection.
364 Tuladhara emphasizes importance of faith and non-injury to Jajali.
365 King Vichakhy condemns animal slaughter, praising harmlessness as highest duty.
366 Chirakarin reflects on contradictory obligations, delays acting, earns praise.
367 King Satyavat suggests gentle punishment, considering offence and morality.
368 Kapila and cow discuss authoritativeness of Vedas and sacrifice.
369 Kapila and Syumarasmi debate existence and path to emancipation.
370 Kapila and Syumarasmi debate path to emancipation and Brahma.
371 Bhishma tells story of Kundadhara, a Cloud granting virtue.
372 Bhishma tells story of Satya, a Brahmana who performed sacrifices.
373 Bhishma explains sin, virtue, renunciation, and emancipation to Yudhishthira.
374 Bhishma explains means to achieve Emancipation to Yudhishthira.
375 Narada and Asita-Devala discuss the universe's creation and essence.
376 Yudhishthira seeks to dispel thirst for wealth after sinful deeds.
377 Yudhishthira asks Bhishma about source of good amidst time's terror.
378 Yudhishthira asks Bhishma about attaining Brahma's place through self-control.
379 Yudhishthira asks Bhishma about achieving a sorrow-free life of Renunciation.
380 Usanas praises Vishnu's greatness, Sanatkumara explains universe's resting place.
381 Yudhishthira asks about Vritra's battle with Indra and his defeat.
382 Indra slew Vritra, but Brahmanicide's sin pursued him fiercely.
383 Fever originated from Mahadeva's sweat when he was angry.
384 Daksha's Horse-sacrifice destroyed for omitting Mahadeva's invitation.
385 Yudhishthira asked for the names by which Daksha worshipped the deity. Bhishma recounted Daksha's hymn. Mahadeva, pleased, granted boons and forgiveness.
386 Yudhishthira asks Bhishma about Adhyatma, the science of the self.
387 Yudhishthira asks Bhishma about preventing sorrow and death, citing Samanga.
388 Yudhishthira asks Bhishma about what is beneficial for the soul.
389 Yudhishthira asks Bhishma about behavior, Bhishma shares Arishtanemi's advice.
390 Yudhishthira asks Bhishma about Usanas, a celestial Rishi's story.
391 Yudhishthira asks Bhishma about beneficial acts for happiness.
392 Parasara advises using body and mind for knowledge and righteousness.
393 Parasara says people act for personal gain, but righteousness is eternal.
394 Parasara advises Sudras to serve other classes and be righteous.
395 Wealth righteously earned is praiseworthy. Brahmanas can take Kshatriya or Vaisya duties but fall with Sudra duties. Lust, Wrath, and Cupidity corrupted men; Siva destroyed these Asuras. Seek knowledge, abstain from harm, and maintain virtue.
396 Parasara discusses penances, leading to heaven and happiness for all.
397 Janaka asks Parasara about the origin of different classes.
398 Parasara advises devotion to seniors and respecting one's sire.
399 Janaka asks Parasara about path to happiness and success.
400 Yudhishthira asks Bhishma about virtues, citing truth and self-restraint.
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401 Yudhishthira asks Bhishma about Sankhya and Yoga philosophies.
402 Yudhishthira asked about Sankhya philosophy. Bhishma explained it emphasizes understanding existence, detaching from desires, and achieving Emancipation. Followers attain union with the Supreme Soul, escaping the birth-death cycle. This leads to the highest spiritual state, embodying the universe's essence.
403 Yudhishthira asked about Undeteriorating. Bhishma explained Prakriti creates the Manifest, which is destructible. Vishnu, the Undeteriorating, transcends all. Knowledge reveals the Indestructible's true nature.
404 The Soul, in consequence of ignorance, undergoes countless births. Though transcending attributes, the Soul sees itself practicing various duties and experiencing the cycle of birth, death, and rebirth due to attachment and ego.
405 Vasishtha explains Jiva's repeated births and deaths due to ignorance.
406 Janaka asks Vasishtha about male and female, Purusha and Prakriti.
407 Janaka asks Vasishtha to clarify Unity and multiplicity concepts.
408 Vasishtha explains Vidya and Avidya, describing Sankhya philosophy and Jiva.
409 Vasishtha explains difference between Buddhas and Abuddha, Supreme Soul and Jiva.
410 King Vasuman meets Rishi, advised to pursue righteousness and virtue.
411 Yudhishthira asks Bhishma about nature of reality and creation.
412 Yajnavalkya explains time and creation, Mind leads the Senses.
413 Yajnavalkya describes destruction of universe by Brahman and Sambhu.
414 Yajnavalkya explains Adhyatma, Adhibhuta, and Adhidaivata, and Prakriti's attributes.
415 Yajnavalkya explains Prakriti's attributes and Purusha's various forms.
416 Yajnavalkya explains Purusha and Prakriti, their distinctness and relationship.
417 Yajnavalkya explains Yoga science, equivalent to Sankhya philosophy.
418 Praise Indra and Visnu, mighty heroes, with Soma juice offering.
419 Yajnavalkya obtained Vedas from Surya, who commanded Saraswati to enter his body, granting profound knowledge.
420 Yudhishthira asks Bhishma how to avoid death and decrepitude.
421 Yudhishthira asked about Emancipation. Bhishma recounted Janaka and Sulabha's discourse. Sulabha tested Janaka's detachment using Yoga.
422 Yudhishthira asked about Suka's renunciation. Bhishma answered, Vyasa taught Suka: "Endure, practice righteousness, and seek preceptors."
423 Yudhishthira asks Bhishma about gifts, sacrifices, and penances' efficacy.
424 Yudhishthira asks Bhishma about Suka, son of Vyasa's penances.
425 Bhishma tells story of Suka's divine birth and spiritual growth.
426 Suka seeks Emancipation, travels to Mithila, meets King Janaka.
427 King Janaka teaches Suka about Emancipation and transcending attachments.
428 Suka goes to Himavat, meets Vyasa, and disciples seek boon.
429 Vyasa's disciples leave, and Narada visits, prompting Vedic recitation.
430 Narada visits Suka, seeking wisdom on spiritual growth and liberation.
431 Narada says, "Listen to scriptures for tranquility and happiness."
432 Narada says, "Transitions of happiness and sorrow are inevitable."
433 Suka, Vyasa's son, sat on a mountain summit and meditated.
434 Suka, a regenerate Rishi, dwelt in Brahma like a fire.
435 Narayana explained the minute Soul (Kshetrajna) as ultimate reality.
436 Narada sought universe's secrets from Narayana, king Uparichara's story.
437 King Uparichara performed horse sacrifice, Vrihaspati angry at Narayana.
438 King Vasu fell from heaven due to Rishis' curse.
439 Narada worshipped Narayana's devotees on White Island, reciting hymns.
440 Narada worshipped Narayana's devotees, reciting hymns on White Island.
441 Narayana creates, sustains, and dissolves the universe.
442 Kesava explains diverse names of Hari, Supreme Soul and universe.
443 Arjuna asked Krishna about Agni and Shoma's uniform nature. Krishna explained that after the universe dissolves into water, Brahma creates Agni and Shoma from his eyes. Brahmanas come from Shoma, Kshatriyas from Agni, and sacrifices uphold divine order.
444 Saunaka asks Sauti about narrative of Narayana and his journey.
445 Nara and Narayana praise Narada for beholding Narayana's majesty.
446 Narada worships Vishnu, who created Pitris as a boar.
447 Narada devoted to Narayana, supreme soul and refuge.
448 Vishnu's horse-head form recovered stolen Vedas from Madhu and Kaitabha.
449 Vaisampayana explained the religion of devotion, dear to Narayana.
450 Narayana created Brahma, who created the universe and Vedas.
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451 Brahma meditated on the infinite, supreme Purusha, the universe itself.
452 The supreme Purusha is eternal, immutable, and pervades all things.
453 Vaisampayana shared a story about duties leading to emancipation.
454 A Brahmana sought guidance on duties and path to heaven.
455 A mighty Naga, Padmanabha, dwells in the city of Naimisha.
456 "Your words bring me comfort, like a heavy load lifted."
457 The Brahmana arrived at the Naga's house, proclaiming his presence.
458 Nagas persuaded the Brahmana to eat, offering hospitality and food.
459 The Naga chief returned home, his wife greeted him.
460 Naga chief questions wife about Brahmana, decides to see him.
461 Naga chief meets Brahmana Dharmaranya, who seeks spiritual guidance.
462 Naga describes a being merging with the sun's disc.
463 Surya says the Being is a Brahmana who attained heaven.
464 Missing
465 Brahmana thanks Naga, decides to follow Unccha vow, departs.
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1 Bhishma tells Yudhishthira a story about Gautami and a serpent.
2 Sudarsana, son of Agni, conquers Death through virtue and hospitality.
3 Yudhishthira asks Bhishma about Viswamitra's transformation into a Brahmana.
4 Bhishma tells Yudhishthira about Viswamitra's birth and transformation.
5 Bhishma tells Yudhishthira about a parrot's compassion for a tree.
6 Bhishma discusses Exertion and Destiny with Yudhishthira, citing Brahma.
7 Bhishma explains the fruits of good deeds to Yudhishthira.
8 Bhishma reveres knowledgeable Brahmanas and those who respect them.
9 Bhishma explains the fate of those who break promises to Brahmanas.
10 Bhishma shares a story of a Sudra who sought instruction.
11 Goddess of prosperity resides with the virtuous and righteous ones.
12 King Bhangaswana, transformed into a woman, chooses to remain so.
13 Avoid harmful acts, Bhishma advises, for a pleasant life.
14 Yudhishthira asked Bhishma to describe Mahadeva's names and powers. Bhishma praised Mahadeva's omnipresence and supremacy, highlighting his roles in creation and destruction. Bhishma suggested only Krishna could fully describe Mahadeva's attributes. Krishna, sharing his penances to please Mahadeva, confirmed his immeasurable power.
15 Krishna bowed to the deity and asked for various boons.
16 Tandi meditated for 10,000 years and beheld Mahadeva's glory.
17 Upamanyu uttered an abstract of Mahadeva's celebrated names.
18 "Recite Mahadeva's names, let Maheswara be gratified," Vasudeva said.
19 Yudhishthira asked about joint duties, Bhishma told Ashtavakra's story.
20 Bhishma continued the story of Ashtavakra and the lady.
21 Bhishma continued the story of Ashtavakra and the lady.
22 Yudhishthira asked Bhishma about proper gift recipients and qualities.
23 Yudhishthira asked Bhishma about Sraddha ordinances and worthy Brahmanas.
24 Yudhishthira asked Bhishma about Brahmanicide without killing a Brahmana.
25 Yudhishthira asked Bhishma about merits of bathing in sacred waters.
26 Yudhishthira asked Bhishma about ordinances for Sraddha rituals.
27 Yudhishthira asked Bhishma about changing caste and becoming a Brahmana.
28 Bhishma tells story of Matanga, who seeks Brahmana status.
29 Matanga seeks Brahmana status, practices penances, and gains new powers.
30 Vitahavya, a Kshatriya, becomes a Brahmana through Bhrigu's grace.
31 Narada worships Brahmanas devoted to deities, penances, and righteousness.
32 King Vrishadarbha protected a pigeon, even cutting off his flesh.
33 Worshipping Brahmanas is a king's foremost act, says Bhishma.
34 Worshipping Brahmanas leads to prosperity, fame, and knowledge, says Bhishma.
35 Bhishma praised Brahmanas as objects of adoration and mouths of deities.
36 Bhishma shares story of Sakra and Samvara on respecting Brahmanas.
37 Bhishma advises Yudhishthira on best person to give gifts to.
38 Bhishma discusses women's nature with Yudhishthira, citing Panchachuda's words.
39 Yudhishthira asks Bhishma about women's nature and their restraint.
40 Vipula protects his preceptor's wife Ruchi from Indra's advances.
41 Vipula protects Ruchi from Indra's seduction attempt using yoga powers.
42 Vipula, proud of his ascetic merit, encounters disputing couples.
43 Vipula protects his preceptor's wife, praised for his bravery.
44 Bhishma advises Yudhishthira on bestowing daughters in marriage wisely.
45 Bhishma advises on inheritance, marriage, and daughter's rights.
46 Bhishma quotes Daksha, saying women deserve respect and protection.
47 Bhishma explains inheritance rules to Yudhishthira, prioritizing same-order spouses.
48 Bhishma explains duties of mixed castes to Yudhishthira.
49 Bhishma explains birth and disposition to Yudhishthira, citing actions.
50 Bhishma tells story of Rishi Chyavana's compassion for fish.
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51 King Nahusha finds Rishi Chyavana enmeshed with fish, showing compassion.
52 Yudhishthira asks about Rama's birth and his Kshatriya status.
53 King and queen remain devoted to Rishi despite tests.
54 King Kusika approaches Rishi's golden mansion, sees heavenly wonders.
55 Chyavana explains motives, promises king's grandson will be powerful ascetic.
56 Chyavana explains prophecy, grants king's wish for Brahmanahood.
57 Bhishma advises Yudhishthira on penances, gifts, and good deeds.
58 Digging tanks and planting trees leads to heavenly rewards.
59 Gifts to Brahmanas are best, leading to heaven and salvation.
60 Gifts to unsoliciting Brahmanas are more meritorious, says Bhishma.
61 Gifts and sacrifices to righteous Brahmanas lead to merit and prosperity.
62 Gift of earth is foremost, yielding all good things.
63 Food is the best gift, source of energy and strength.
64 Make gifts under specific constellations for happiness and merit.
65 Gifts of gold, ghee, and water bring merit and prosperity.
66 Gifts to Brahmanas bring protection, prosperity, and merit, says Bhishma.
67 Gifts of food and drink are superior, sustaining life and energy.
68 Yama praises gifts of sesame, water, lamps, gems, and robes.
69 Kine are sacred, bestowing happiness and prosperity, and deserve worship.
70 Taking a Brahmana's property leads to destruction, warns Bhishma.
71 Nachiketa learns about gifts of kine from Yama in heaven.
72 Yudhishthira seeks knowledge on regions of kine and their merits.
73 Grandsire describes regions of kine and merits of gifting kine.
74 Stealing or selling a cow leads to hell, gold is best.
75 Completing vows leads to felicity, self-restraint superior to gift.
76 Gift of kine leads to eternal felicity, highest in merit.
77 Giving away Kapila cows is most meritorious, due to their energy.
78 Kine are sacred, a refuge and source of prosperity and blessing.
79 Giving away kine leads to honors in various heavenly regions.
80 Kine are sacred, the mothers of the universe, and the refuge.
81 Kine are the most sacred objects, upholding and cleansing all.
82 Sri resides in cow dung due to kine's kindness.
83 Kine are essential for sacrifice and uphold all creatures.
84 Gold is superior, eternal, and highly valued for its cleansing properties.
85 Gold is superior, eternal, and highly valued for its cleansing properties.
86 Karttikeya, born from Agni's seed, slew the Asura Taraka.
87 Bhishma explains the Sraddha ceremony and its benefits to Yudhishthira.
88 Bhishma lists offerings to Pitris, their durations, and benefits.
89 Bhishma explains optional Sraddhas under different constellations for various benefits.
90 Bhishma advises careful selection of Brahmanas for Sraddha offerings.
91 Nimi conceived the Sraddha ritual to honor his deceased son.
92 Pitris suffered indigestion, sought help from the Self-born Brahman.
93 "Indra stole lotus stalks. Rishis took oaths to prove innocence. Indra admitted theft to learn about duties. Agastya forgave him. The Rishis continued their journey."
94 Rishis took oaths to uphold righteousness after Agastya's stalks stolen.
95 Jamadagni's anger at sun's heat led to custom's introduction.
96 Jamadagni spares Surya, receives umbrella and sandals as remedy.
97 Householder should worship, sacrifice, and offer hospitality to attain prosperity.
98 Offering flowers, incense, and lamps brings prosperity and celestial bliss.
99 Nahusha's pride led to his downfall from divine position.
100 Nahusha's pride led to his downfall and transformation into snake.
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101 Stealing from Brahmanas leads to suffering, emancipation through self-sacrifice.
102 Gautama retrieves his elephant from Indra's grasp, attains heavenly regions.
103 not there
104 "Yudhishthira asked Bhishma why humans die young, and how to attain longevity, fame, and wealth. Bhishma explained that conduct determines lifespan, prosperity, and reputation. Improper conduct leads to a short life, while good conduct ensures longevity and success."
105 "Eldest brother should be patient and understanding towards younger brothers."
106 Fasts are ordained for Brahmanas and Kshatriyas, says Angiras.
107 Fasts and good conduct ensure heavenly rewards, longevity, and prosperity.
108 Manasa is the most sacred Tirtha, with Truth as its waters.
109 Fasting and worshiping Krishna leads to merits equal to sacrifices.
110 Chandravrata vow grants beauty, prosperity, and happiness, says Bhishma.
111 Righteousness determines favorable rebirth; misdeeds lead to suffering and lower forms.
112 Making gifts of food leads to merit and cleanses sin.
113 Vrihaspati advises Yudhishthira to practice universal compassion and kindness.
114 Bhishma explains the religion of compassion to Yudhishthira.
115 Bhishma explains abstaining from meat is the highest religion.
116 Bhishma explains abstaining from flesh shows compassion to all creatures.
117 Bhishma shares a story about a worm's past life.
118 Vyasa tells worm its memories are due to his penance.
119 Vyasa guides Kshatriya, formerly a worm, to attain eternal Brahma.
120 King Nriga suffered for taking a Brahmana's cow, Krishna rescued.
121 Nachiketa learns about gifts of kine from Yama in underworld.
122 Yudhishthira asks Bhishma about regions of kine and their virtues.
123 The Grandsire describes regions of kine, where righteous individuals dwell.
124 Stealing or selling a cow leads to suffering in hell.
125 Self-restraint and truth are meritorious, leading to heavenly rewards.
126 Gift of kine is highest in merit, rescues giver's race.
127 Giving away virtuous kine cleanses sins, leads to felicity.
128 Kine are sacred, fragrant, and the source of all blessings.
129 Kine practiced austerities to become best Dakshina in sacrifices.
130 Kine are sacred, yielders of ghee and milk, most virtuous.
131 Kine are sacred, grantors of wishes, and essential for sacrifices.
132 Sri, goddess of wealth, resides in cow dung and urine.
133 Kine are essential for sacrifice and uphold all creatures.
134 Rituals with blue bull's horns and full moon offerings confer merits.
135 Brahmanas can accept food from Brahmanas, Kshatriyas, or Vaisyas.
136 Bhishma explains expiations for Brahmana accepting different foods and valuables.
137 Bhishma shares stories of princes who attained heaven through charity.
138 Bhishma explains five types of gifts: merit, profit, fear, choice, pity.
139 Bhishma tells story of Krishna's vow and fiery manifestation.
140 Narada narrates discourse between Sankara and Uma on Himavat.
141 Maheswara explains his features and duties to Uma.
142 Maheswara explains forest recluses' duties and rewards for virtue.
143 Maheswara explains how Brahmana status can be lost or gained.
144 Maheswara explains righteous conduct and compassion lead to heaven.
145 Maheswara explains conduct leading to heaven or hell to Uma.
146 Mahadeva asks Uma about duties of women, she consults Rivers.
147 Maheswara praises Vasudeva, eternal and superior to the Grandsire.
148 Narada describes wonders after Mahadeva's speech, thunders and lightning.
149 Yudhishthira asks Bhishma about the one god for benefits.
150 Yudhishthira asks Bhishma about Mantra for silent recitation.
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151 Yudhishthira asks about whom to worship and how to behave.
152 Yudhishthira asks Bhishma about worshiping Brahmanas and their rewards.
153 The wind god describes Brahmanas' attributes and warns Arjuna humbly.
154 The wind god tells Arjuna stories of Brahmanas' great power.
155 Bhishma tells Arjuna stories of Agastya and Vasishtha's greatness.
156 Bhishma tells Arjuna stories of Atri and Chyavana's great power.
157 Bhishma tells Arjuna about gods seeking Brahmanas' protection and help.
158 Bhishma tells Yudhishthira to ask Krishna about worshiping Brahmanas.
159 Vasudeva explains merits of worshiping Brahmanas to Yudhishthira.
160 Vasudeva recites Sata-rudriya, a hymn to powerful Mahadeva.
161 Vasudeva describes Rudra's many names and forms, Supreme Lord.
162 Bhishma advises Yudhishthira on authority of scriptures and Righteousness.
163 Yudhishthira notes fortune and misfortune influence wealth acquisition, Bhishma advises.
164 Bhishma explains good deeds lead to merits, faith in righteousness wisdom.
165 Bhishma advises Yudhishthira to recite names of deities and sages.
166 Vaisampayana continues the story, describing the silent assembly after Bhishma.
167 Yudhishthira visits Bhishma, bearing offerings, and asks what to do.
168 Bhishma ascends to heaven, funeral rites performed, goddess consoled.
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1 Yudhishthira grieves, lifted by Bhima, Dhritarashtra advises duty and kindness.
2 Krishna and Vyasa console Yudhishthira, advising him to pursue duties.
3 Vyasa advises Yudhishthira to perform sacrifices, citing celestial examples.
4 Vyasa advises Yudhishthira to perform sacrifices, citing celestial examples.
5 Vyasa tells Yudhishthira about King Marutta, who challenged Indra.
6 Marutta seeks Vrihaspati, but is rejected, and follows Samvarta.
7 Samvarta questions Marutta, agrees to perform sacrifice, and vows.
8 Samvarta sends Marutta to Munjaban peak to appease Lord Mahadeva.
9 Indra sends Agni to offer Vrihaspati to Marutta, who refuses.
10 Indra demands Marutta accept Vrihaspati, but Marutta refuses.
11 Krishna comforts Yudhishthira with the story of Indra and Vritra.
12 Vasudeva advises Yudhishthira to overcome mental struggles alone.
13 Vasudeva advises Yudhishthira to renounce desires and cultivate virtue.
14 Yudhishthira, consoled by sages, overcame grief and regained his kingdom.
15 Krishna comforted Arjuna, praising Yudhishthira's righteousness and mighty brothers.
16 Krishna discoursed on eternal truths, but Arjuna's mind was unreceptive.
17 Harmful acts lead to disease, death, and rebirth, says the sage.
18 Jiva's acts produce fruits in future bodies, yielding happiness or misery.
19 Absorb in the one receptacle, free from thoughts and attachments.
20 Brahmana seeks soul's seat, beyond senses and opposites.
21 Brahmana explains ten Hotris and libations to his wife.
22 Seven sacrificing priests: nose, eye, tongue, skin, ear, mind, and understanding.
23 Five sacrificing priests: Prana, Apana, Udana, Samana, and Vyana.
24 Narada and Devamata discuss life-winds and their paired movements.
25 Chaturhotra sacrifice explained, with four sacrificing priests and seven senses.
26 One Ruler, Preceptor, and guide reside in the heart, teaching all.
27 Brahmana enters forest of Brahman, transcending worldly joy and sorrow.
28 Brahmana transcends senses, discusses sacrifice with Yati and Adhwaryu.
29 King Karttaviryya-Arjuna conquered Earth, fought Ocean, and met Rama.
30 Alarka, a royal sage, conquered Earth and found inner peace.
31 King Amvarisha said cupidity is the greatest vice to conquer.
32 King Janaka realizes everything is both his and not his.
33 Brahmana: "I'm not bound, I pervade the universe, destroying all."
34 Brahmana's wife seeks knowledge, Krishna reveals himself as the answer.
35 Arjuna asks Vasudeva about Brahma, the highest object of knowledge.
36 Brahma explains three qualities: Darkness, Passion, and Goodness exist.
37 Brahman explains quality of Passion: injuring, beauty, pleasure, and pain.
38 Brahmana describes quality of Goodness: joy, satisfaction, nobility, enlightenment.
39 Darkness, Passion, and Goodness are interconnected and exist in union.
40 Mahat, the Great Soul, is the source of all qualities.
41 Egoism creates five great elements, causing delusion and ignorance.
42 Missing
43 Prajapati is lord of all creatures, Vishnu is king of kings.
44 The sun, fire, Prajapati, and Om are the first of each.
45 Brahmana describes the wheel of life with understanding as strength.
46 Brahmacharin should study, live a life of penance, and subsist.
47 Brahmana says Renunciation is penance, leading to supreme Brahman goal.
48 Brahmana describes Brahman as transcendent, free from distress, and immortal.
49 Rishis ask which duty is most worthy, noting contradictory views.
50 Brahmana explains abstention from harm and knowledge as highest happiness.
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51 Mind controls elements, individual soul drives chariot of senses.
52 Krishna and Dhananjaya journeyed to the elephant city, praising Krishna.
53 Krishna departed, and the Pandavas embraced him, looking back.
54 Krishna revealed the Adhyatma, explaining three qualities depend on him.
55 Utanka recognized Krishna, asked to see his sovereign form.
56 Utanka's devotion to Gautama and his subsequent quest for ear-rings.
57 Utanka meets King Saudasa, asks for celestial ear-rings.
58 Utanka retrieves jewelled ear-rings with help from Indra and fire.
59 Krishna returns to Dwaraka, greeted by relatives and parents.
60 Krishna describes the battle between Kurus and Pandavas to Vasudeva.
61 Krishna describes Abhimanyu's brave fight and heroic death to Vasudeva.
62 Vasudeva performs rites for Abhimanyu, Vyasa consoles the Pandavas.
63 Yudhishthira follows Vyasa's advice to obtain Marutta's wealth.
64 The Pandavas set out cheerfully, praised by eulogists and bards.
65 Yudhishthira made offerings to Mahadeva, then excavated the treasure.
66 Krishna returns to Kuru capital, revives stillborn Parikshit, fulfills vow.
67 Subhadra begs Krishna to revive Abhimanyu's dead son, fulfilling vow.
68 Krishna enters lying-in room, Uttara begs him to revive Parikshit.
69 Uttara laments, Krishna promises to revive her child, and does.
70 Krishna withdraws Brahma-weapon, child moves, Pandavas return with wealth.
71 Vasudeva meets Pandavas, they enter city, worship elders, and sacrifice.
72 Yudhishthira agrees to sacrifice, Arjuna to protect the horse.
73 Yudhishthira initiated, horse let loose, Arjuna follows with bow Gandiva.
74 Arjuna battles Trigartas, resists their attack, and they submit.
75 Bhagadatta's son seized the horse, Arjuna pursued and defeated him.
76 Vajradatta battles Arjuna, seeking to avenge his father's death.
77 Arjuna battled Saindhavas, who sought revenge for their clan's slaughter.
78 Arjuna fought Saindhavas, spared lives, and showed mercy to queen.
79 Vabhruvahana fought Arjuna, his father, in a fierce battle.
80 Chitrangada grieves, Ulupi revives Arjuna with a gem.
81 Ulupi expiates Arjuna's sin, fulfilling Vasus' prophecy.
82 Arjuna battles Meghasandhi, spares his life, and proceeds onward.
83 Arjuna follows steed, battles kings, and meets Vasudeva in Dwaravati.
84 Arjuna battles Gandharas, spares king, and shows kindness afterwards.
85 Yudhishthira prepares for sacrifice as Arjuna returns with horse.
86 Yudhishthira honors kings, Krishna arrives, and Arjuna's message is shared.
87 Yudhishthira asks Krishna about Arjuna's hardships, Arjuna arrives triumphantly.
88 Vabhruvahana meets Kunti, others; Yudhishthira begins Horse-sacrifice.
89 Vaisampayana said, "Horse sacrificed, Yudhishthira cleansed of sin, gave gold."
90 Janamejaya said, "Tell me of any wonderful incident during my grandsires' sacrifice."
91 Janamejaya asks about mongoose depreciating Yudhishthira's Horse-sacrifice.
92 Janamejaya asks about wealth and sacrifice, Vaisampayana tells Agastya's story.
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1 Pandavas ruled with Dhritarashtra as head, treating him with respect.
2 Pandavas worshipped Dhritarashtra, ensuring his comfort and honor.
3 Dhritarashtra unhappy, regrets past, seeks permission to retire to woods.
4 Vyasa advises Yudhishthira to let Dhritarashtra retire to woods.
5 Dhritarashtra advises Yudhishthira on righteous governance and decision-making.
6 Dhritarashtra advises Yudhishthira on statecraft and understanding alliances.
7 Dhritarashtra advises Yudhishthira on war and peace strategies.
8 Dhritarashtra decides to retire to the forest, seeking permission.
9 Dhritarashtra asks forgiveness for past mistakes and seeks pardon.
10 Citizens respond to Dhritarashtra, praising his wisdom and Yudhishthira's virtues.
11 Vidura informs Yudhishthira of Dhritarashtra's plan to retire to woods.
12 Arjuna persuades Bhima to honor Dhritarashtra's request for wealth.
13 Vidura conveys Yudhishthira's offer to provide wealth for Sraddha rituals.
14 King Dhritarashtra performs grand Sraddha-sacrifice, giving away vast wealth.
15 Dhritarashtra departs for forest, Pandavas and others overcome with grief.
16 Kunti follows Dhritarashtra to forest, feeling guilty over Karna's birth.
17 Kunti explains her encouragement to sons to reclaim their kingdom.
18 Kunti decides to retire to woods, despite family's persuasion.
19 King Dhritarashtra takes up residence on Bhagirathi's banks, performs rites.
20 Narada visits Dhritarashtra, shares stories of kings who reached heaven.
21 Pandavas and citizens sorrow after King Dhritarashtra's forest retirement.
22 Pandavas grieve after mother's departure, decide to visit her.
23 Pandavas journey to visit Dhritarashtra, troops and citizens following.
24 Pandavas arrive at Dhritarashtra's retreat, reunite with mother and aunt.
25 King Dhritarashtra meets Pandavas in his retreat, Sanjaya identifies them.
26 Dhritarashtra asks Yudhishthira about well-being, Vidura appears and unites with him.
27 Pandavas stay in ascetic retreat, Yudhishthira surveys and gives gifts.
28 Vyasa asks Dhritarashtra about his life, grief, and family's well-being.
29 Vyasa offers to show Dhritarashtra his deceased children in heaven.
30 Kunti reveals her secret: her son Karna, born of Surya.
31 Vyasa reveals divine plan, promises reunion with deceased loved ones.
32 Vyasa summons deceased warriors, who arise from the Bhagirathi River.
33 Deceased warriors and loved ones reunite, free from anger and sin.
34 Acts have consequences, bodies are born of acts, and elements eternal.
35 Vyasa shows Janamejaya his father, Parikshit, in his true form.
36 Dhritarashtra returns to his retreat, free from grief, and departs.
37 Dhritarashtra, Gandhari, and Kunti die in a forest fire.
38 Yudhishthira laments the death of Kunti, criticizing the deity of fire.
39 Dhritarashtra, Gandhari, and Kunti die in sacred fire, not unsanctified.
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1 Vrishnis destroyed by iron bolt 36 years after great battle.
2 Evil omens appear, foreboding destruction of Vrishnis and Andhakas.
3 Vrishnis have bad dreams, see omens, and slaughter each other.
4 Krishna and Rama depart from the human world, ascend to Heaven.
5 Arjuna finds Dwaraka in despair after Vrishnis' slaughter.
6 Vasudeva laments the destruction of the Vrishnis, entrusts Arjuna with care.
7 Arjuna settles Vrishni remnants, retires to Vyasa's retreat.
8 Arjuna meets Vyasa, recounts Vrishni destruction and Krishna's departure.
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1 Pandavas retire, install Parikshit, and cast off Gandiva and quivers.
2 Pandavas journey north, each falling due to their individual flaws.
3 Yudhishthira refuses to abandon dog, reunites with brothers in Heaven.
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1 Yudhishthira sees Duryodhana in Heaven, turns back in rage.
2 Yudhishthira finds brothers and companions in a region of suffering.
3 Yudhishthira's journey through Hell was an illusion to test devotion.
4 Yudhishthira sees Krishna and others in their celestial forms.
5 Vaishampayana explains the fate of characters after death.
6 Janamejaya asks Vaishampayana about properly listening to the Mahabharata, and Vaishampayana explains the rituals and benefits.