1 14 81 78.5 1:05:25
1-1: Rome initially ruled by kings, later by elected consuls. |
1-2: Augustus consolidated power, abolishing rivals and establishing personal rule. |
1-3: Augustus elevated family members, consolidating power through adoptions and marriages. |
1-4: Augustus' successors were uncertain, leading to mixed feelings among Romans. |
1-5: Rumors of Augustus' secretive actions, and his wife's possible involvement. |
1-6: Tiberius' reign began with Agrippa's murder under unclear circumstances. |
1-7: Tiberius took power cautiously, with mixed reactions from Senate. |
1-8: Augustus' will read; grand funeral plans discussed and enacted. |
1-9: Augustus' achievements praised, but his methods and personal life debated. |
1-10: Augustus criticized for using power selfishly and oppressively. |
1-11: Tiberius reluctant to take full power, stirring Senate's supplication. |
1-12: Tiberius hesitated to take power, resulting in Senate's urgent pleas. |
1-13: Lucius Arruntius and others criticized Tiberius, facing his suspicion. |
1-14: Augusta's proposed titles rejected, but Germanicus given pro-consular powers. |
1-15: Elections transferred to Senate, reducing public influence in choosing officials. |
1-16: Mutiny broke out among legions in Pannonia after Augustus' death. |
1-17: Percennius incited soldiers to demand better conditions and shorter service. |
1-18: Soldiers nearly combined legions in mutiny, but Blæsus intervened. |
1-19: Blæsus persuaded soldiers to send envoys to Tiberius instead. |
1-20: Soldiers at Nauportus rebelled, plundered villages, and attacked centurions. |
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1-21: Troops' arrival reignited mutiny, looting nearby areas, causing chaos. |
1-22: Vibulenus incited soldiers, claiming his brother was murdered unjustly. |
1-23: Soldiers, inflamed, attacked household, searching for nonexistent corpse. |
1-24: Tiberius sent Drusus to manage mutiny with experienced advisers. |
1-25: Drusus faced unruly soldiers, tried maintaining order amidst chaos. |
1-26: Soldiers demanded immediate reforms; Drusus urged Senate's intervention. |
1-27: Soldiers' rage turned towards Drusus's supporters, threatening their lives. |
1-28: Lunar eclipse spurred soldiers' superstition, temporarily pacifying rebellion. |
1-29: Drusus addressed soldiers, demanding obedience and promising reform. |
1-30: Mutineers punished; harsh weather dispersed troops to winter quarters. |
1-31: German legions mutinied, hoping Germanicus would claim imperial power. |
1-32: Soldiers' rage led to centurions' brutal assault and murder. |
1-33: Germanicus, aware of mutiny, faced resentment despite family ties. |
1-34: Germanicus confronted mutinous legions, invoking loyalty to Tiberius. |
1-35: Soldiers showed scars, demanded better conditions, even threatened Germanicus. |
1-36: Germanicus's suicide attempt stopped; soldiers plotted to spread rebellion. |
1-37: Soldiers coerced Germanicus into immediate payment and discharge promises. |
1-38: Chauci veterans' mutiny suppressed by decisive actions of Mennius. |
1-39: Envoys faced hostility; soldiers feared Senate rescinding concessions. |
1-40: Germanicus's family evacuated for safety amidst growing rebellion dangers. |
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1-41: Germanicus, appearing defeated, drew sympathy and shame from soldiers. |
1-42: Germanicus addressed soldiers, urging them to restore order and loyalty. |
1-43: Germanicus's plea emphasized his willingness to die for Rome. |
1-44: Soldiers sought forgiveness, captured mutineers, and restored discipline. |
1-45: Fifth and twenty-first legions' unrest prompted Germanicus's military preparations. |
1-46: Citizens blamed Tiberius for not personally confronting mutineers. |
1-47: Tiberius hesitated to leave Rome, fearing implications for empire. |
1-48: Germanicus prepared for retaliation but offered leniency to repentant. |
1-49: Germanicus's troops, divided, attacked each other, causing significant bloodshed. |
1-50: Germanicus led a successful raid against the unsuspecting Marsi. |
1-51: Romans ravaged Marsi territory, destroyed sacred temple of Tamfana. |
1-52: Tiberius praised Germanicus but felt threatened by his popularity. |
1-53: Julia died in exile, a result of her disgrace. |
1-54: New priesthood, the Augustales, was established; Tiberius hesitated to change policies. |
1-55: Germanicus launched a spring offensive, capitalizing on German divisions. |
1-56: Germanicus's forces swiftly defeated the Chatti, causing significant devastation. |
1-57: Segestes sought Roman help against Arminius's influence and violence. |
1-58: Germanicus rescued Segestes and his family, including Arminius's wife. |
1-59: Arminius, enraged by his wife's capture, incited Germans to war. |
1-60: Arminius's uncle joined the revolt; Germanicus prepared a counteroffensive. |
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1-61: Germanicus honors fallen soldiers; army sees battlefield horrors, buries dead. |
1-62: Tiberius disapproves Germanicus's burial rites; fears it deters soldiers. |
1-63: Germanicus pursues Arminius; chaotic battle ensues, both sides retreat. |
1-64: Romans struggle in swampy terrain; German tactics cause heavy losses. |
1-65: Night brings Roman panic; Varus's ghost haunts Cæcina's dreams. |
1-66: False alarm causes chaos; Cæcina stops soldiers from fleeing camp. |
1-67: Cæcina motivates soldiers; plans organized retreat against German attacks. |
1-68: Germans storm Roman camp; Romans counterattack, Germans suffer heavy losses. |
1-69: Agrippina leads soldiers; Tiberius suspicious of her increasing influence. |
1-70: Vitellius's march disrupted by floods; soldiers struggle against nature. |
1-71: Segimerus surrenders; Germanicus heals wounded, boosts soldiers' morale. |
1-72: Senate grants triumphal honors; Tiberius enforces treason laws rigorously. |
1-73: Tiberius's treason laws target Falanius, Rubrius; trials reveal emperor's cunning. |
1-74: Marcellus accused of treason; Tiberius shows wrath, Piso defends freedom. |
1-75: Tiberius's presence in court disrupts justice, diminishes freedom. |
1-76: Tiber floods city; Tiberius assigns task to control river's flow. |
1-77: Theatre violence erupts; Senate debates, limits actors' privileges. |
1-78: Spaniards build temple for Augustus; Tiberius refuses tax remission. |
1-79: Debate over diverting rivers to prevent flooding; colonies protest. |
1-80: Tiberius extends military commands; reluctant to promote new leaders. |
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1-81: Tiberius manipulates consular elections; disguises control, deepens enslavement. |
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2 14 - 20 6 88 74 1:01:40
2-1: Parthian commotion; Vonones disdained for being a foreign king. |
2-2: Envoys sought Vonones; welcomed, then ridiculed for Romanized ways. |
2-3: Artabanus summoned, conquers Vonones; Armenia caught between Parthia, Rome. |
2-4: Augustus placed Artavasdes; Gaius restored order in Armenia. |
2-5: Tiberius pleased, removes Germanicus; Germanicus plans surprise invasion. |
2-6: Germanicus builds fleet, Batavian island as base for invasion. |
2-7: Silius raids Chatti; Germans disperse, Varus's memorials restored. |
2-8: Germanicus's fleet arrives; Angrivarii revolt, crushed by Stertinius. |
2-9: Arminius, Flavus meet; Arminius mocks Roman rewards, loyalty. |
2-10: Brothers argue over loyalty; Stertinius stops combat between them. |
2-11: Romans cross Visurgis; Chariovalda's charge leads to ambush, heavy losses. |
2-12: Germanicus learns of planned night attack; scouts report large force. |
2-13: Germanicus secretly observes troops; enemy offers bribes, Romans retaliate. |
2-14: Germanicus's dream inspires confidence; encourages troops with tactical advice. |
2-15: Romans, Germans prepare for battle; both sides motivated, determined. |
2-16: Germans occupy Idistaviso; Romans advance, ready for battle. |
2-17: Romans ambush Germans; Cherusci dislodged, Arminius narrowly escapes. |
2-18: Roman victory, enemy slaughtered; soldiers hail Tiberius Imperator. |
2-19: Germans enraged by defeat; regroup, prepare another ambush. |
2-20: Caesar anticipates ambush; Romans attack, force Germans into morass. |
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2-21: Germans confined; unable to use lances effectively; Romans prevailed. |
2-22: Caesar praised troops; erected monument; Angrivarii surrendered, received pardon. |
2-23: Fleet troubled by storm; soldiers inexperienced, caused additional difficulties. |
2-24: Ocean storm disastrous; Germanicus's ship safe; others lost, scattered. |
2-25: Germans hopeful for war; Caesar attacks, recovers Varus's eagle. |
2-26: Successful expedition; Tiberius advises Germanicus to return for triumph. |
2-27: Libo Drusus accused of treason; friend Firmius Catus implicated him. |
2-28: Emperor informed through intermediary; Tiberius concealed anger, monitored Libo. |
2-29: Libo sought help; Senate convened, Tiberius presented charges. |
2-30: Absurd accusations made; slaves tortured; Libo requested adjournment. |
2-31: Surrounded by soldiers; Libo committed suicide; prosecution continued. |
2-32: Property divided among accusers; public thanksgiving decreed, astrologers expelled. |
2-33: Senate debated luxury; Gallus defended private wealth. |
2-34: Piso criticized courts; sued Urgulania, who sought emperor's support. |
2-35: Piso and Gallus debated Senate's function; business adjourned. |
2-36: Gallus proposed electoral changes; Tiberius retained authority. |
2-37: Hortalus requested aid; Tiberius initially refused, then partially conceded. |
2-38: Tiberius opposed public charity; Senate mostly silent, some murmured. |
2-39: Slave Clemens impersonated Agrippa; gained followers, eventually captured. |
2-40: Agrippa rumors spread; Tiberius used spies, captured impostor secretly. |
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2-41: Year ended with arch and monuments for Germanicus's achievements. |
2-42: Tiberius gave money and consulship; sent Germanicus to Cappadocia. |
2-43: Germanicus sent to manage Eastern provinces; greater powers granted. |
2-44: Drusus sent to Illyricum for military service and discipline. |
2-45: Germanic tribes fought; Maroboduus sought Roman help; denied assistance. |
2-46: Cherusci and Marcomanni fought; Arminius and Maroboduus rivalry highlighted. |
2-47: Twelve Asian cities destroyed by earthquake; Rome provided aid. |
2-48: Emperor helped noble families; expelled spendthrifts from Senate. |
2-49: Temples restored and dedicated by Tiberius; Germanicus consecrated Hope. |
2-50: Appuleia Varilia acquitted of treason; exiled for adultery. |
2-51: Election dispute: Germanicus and Drusus supported Haterius Agrippa. |
2-52: Tacfarinas led African revolt; defeated by Furius Camillus. |
2-53: Germanicus visited Actium; stormy voyage; welcomed in Athens. |
2-54: Germanicus toured Asia, provided relief, consulted Clarian Apollo oracle. |
2-55: Piso insulted Athens, opposed Germanicus; Plancina joined military activities. |
2-56: Germanicus crowned Zeno as King Artaxias in Armenia. |
2-57: Piso neglected duties; tension with Germanicus escalated. |
2-58: Parthian King Artabanus sent envoys; Vonones moved to Cilicia. |
2-59: Germanicus visited Egypt; reduced corn prices; Tiberius disapproved. |
2-60: Germanicus explored Nile; visited Canopus and Thebes' ancient ruins. |
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2-61: Germanicus visited Thebes, saw the pyramids, and observed Memnon. |
2-62: Drusus sowed discord among Germans, leading to Maroboduus's downfall. |
2-63: Maroboduus sought refuge with Caesar, settled in Italy. |
2-64: Senate decreed honors for Germanicus and Drusus after Armenian settlement. |
2-65: Rhescuporis deceitfully captured Cotys, gaining control of Thrace. |
2-66: Rhescuporis murdered Cotys, was trapped by Flaccus and sent to Rome. |
2-67: Rhescuporis tried, imprisoned, and killed in Alexandria for crimes. |
2-68: Vonones attempted escape but was captured and killed. |
2-69: Germanicus's orders reversed; conflict with Piso escalated. |
2-70: Germanicus accused Piso of poisoning, demanded he leave province. |
2-71: Germanicus spoke to friends, seeking revenge before his death. |
2-72: Germanicus warned Agrippina to submit, then died, deeply mourned. |
2-73: Germanicus's funeral compared to Alexander the Great's death. |
2-74: Senate debated new Syrian governor; Sentius chosen over Marsus. |
2-75: Agrippina sailed home with Germanicus's ashes, seeking revenge. |
2-76: Piso received Germanicus's death news with joy; considered returning. |
2-77: Domitius advised Piso to reclaim Syria; civil war threatened. |
2-78: Piso prepared for war, sending letter to Tiberius defending actions. |
2-79: Piso clashed with Agrippina's fleet, confronted by Sentius's forces. |
2-80: Piso fortified Cilicia, urging soldiers to stand against Sentius. |
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2-81: Piso's forces failed; he surrendered and returned to Rome. |
2-82: Germanicus's illness caused widespread grief and rumors in Rome. |
2-83: Senate decreed honors for Germanicus; Tiberius limited excessive praise. |
2-84: Birth of Drusus's twin sons caused mixed emotions in Rome. |
2-85: Women restricted from prostitution; Egyptian and Jewish rites suppressed. |
2-86: New Vestal Virgin elected; emperor consoled unsuccessful candidate's family. |
2-87: Tiberius fixed grain prices; refused titles of "father" or "lord." |
2-88: Tiberius rejected offer to poison Arminius; admired for nobility. |
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3 20 - 22 2 76 64.4 53:40
3-1: Agrippina arrived at Corcyra, grief-stricken, with mourners crowding Brundisium. |
3-2: Tribunes bore Germanicus's ashes; populace and knights mourned deeply. |
3-3: Tiberius and Augusta refrained from public mourning, maintaining dignity. |
3-4: City crowded, torches blazing, people mourned; Tiberius deeply impressed. |
3-5: Citizens missed grand state-funeral, compared it to Drusus's funeral. |
3-6: Tiberius proclaimed restraint in mourning, urging people to resume activities. |
3-7: Business resumed; Drusus sent to Illyricum; rumors about Piso's delay. |
3-8: Piso sent son to Rome, sought Drusus's favor after Germanicus's death. |
3-9: Piso's public actions increased anger; he arrived in Rome provocatively. |
3-10: Fulcinius Trio sought to prosecute Piso, others reported facts to Senate. |
3-11: Drusus returned, Piso sought defense; public keenly interested in trial. |
3-12: Tiberius delivered moderate speech, urged unbiased inquiry into accusations. |
3-13: Charges detailed; Trio, Servaeus, Veranius, and Vitellius prosecuted vehemently. |
3-14: Defense failed on all counts but poisoning; Piso's guilt debated. |
3-15: Plancina secured pardon, separated from Piso, who later committed suicide. |
3-16: Piso's death rumored orchestrated; Tiberius questioned motives, read Piso's note. |
3-17: Tiberius acquitted young Piso, defended Plancina, angered public further. |
3-18: Tiberius mitigated sentence, avoided monument to domestic tragedy. |
3-19: Tiberius supported Vitellius, Veranius, and Servaeus; conflicting rumors persisted. |
3-20: Tacfarinas renewed African raids; Decrius fought bravely, died confronting deserters. |
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3-21: Apronius punished cowardly soldiers, restored discipline, drove Tacfarinas into desert. |
3-22: Lepida accused of adultery, poisoning, and plotting against imperial family. |
3-23: Lepida's trial stirred public sympathy; condemned by slave testimonies. |
3-24: Decimus Silanus restored, reflecting Augustus's harsh family punishments. |
3-25: Papia Poppaea law reviewed; discussion on its impact on celibacy. |
3-26: Early humanity's innocence lost, leading to laws and punishments. |
3-27: Rome's laws evolved from unity, justice to corruption, political manipulation. |
3-28: Caesar Augustus reformed laws, later strained by Papia Poppaea enforcement. |
3-29: Nero, Germanicus's son, exempted from duties; public rejoiced his maturity. |
3-30: Notable deaths: Volusius, enriched his family; Crispus, power behind Augustus. |
3-31: Tiberius, Drusus's joint consulship; Drusus gained popularity resolving conflict. |
3-32: Africa disturbed by Tacfarinas; Senate chose experienced proconsul. |
3-33: Caecina proposed banning magistrates' wives; opposed by Valerius Messalinus. |
3-34: Drusus defended wives accompanying husbands, citing Augustus and Livia. |
3-35: Tiberius selected proconsul; Blaesus chosen due to Sejanus's influence. |
3-36: Statues misused for protection; Senate punished violators. |
3-37: Informers punished; Drusus's influence seen as moderating Tiberius. |
3-38: Informers and charges of treason proliferated; Thrace in turmoil. |
3-39: Vellaeus's timely attack relieved besieged king in Philippopolis. |
3-40: Gaul revolted due to debts; leaders Florus, Sacrovir incited rebellion. |
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3-41: Andecavi, Turoni revolted; Aviola quelled Turoni with legionary troops. |
3-42: Florus incited Treveri cavalry; defeated, committed suicide after hiding. |
3-43: Sacrovir led Aedui revolt; armed hostages, steel-clad gladiators, 40,000 men. |
3-44: Rumors of wider revolt; Tiberius remained calm, ignored informers' accusations. |
3-45: Silius marched on Augustodunum; Sacrovir's forces defeated, Sacrovir committed suicide. |
3-46: Sacrovir's forces, overwhelmed by Romans, retreated; Sacrovir, comrades, perished in fire. |
3-47: Tiberius informed Senate of victory; praised generals, declined ovation request. |
3-48: Sulpicius Quirinus's public funeral decreed; praised,
despite past controversies. |
3-49: Lutorius Priscus accused of treasonous poem; executed despite Lepidus's lenient proposal. |
3-50: Marcus Lepidus proposed leniency; only Rubellius Blandus supported him. |
3-51: Senate decreed nine-day delay; Tiberius ambiguous about Priscus's execution. |
3-52: Consuls Sulpicius and Haterius faced luxury reform; emperor's letter emphasized moderation. |
3-53: Tiberius's letter addressed luxury's deep roots; proposed no immediate reforms. |
3-54: Luxury debated; emperor emphasized moderation, personal responsibility for moral change. |
3-55: Vespasian's frugality influenced nobility; Senate exempted aediles from luxury enforcement. |
3-56: Tiberius requested tribunitian power for Drusus; emphasized stability, succession. |
3-57: Senators flattered Drusus; debated replacing consuls' names with princes' tribunitian years. |
3-58: Junius Blaesus's term extended; priest Maluginensis sought Asia province. |
3-59: Debate on priests' roles; Tiberius criticized extravagant honors for Drusus. |
3-60: Tiberius allowed Senate some power; Greek cities' sanctuaries examined, privileges revoked. |
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3-61: Ephesians claimed Diana and Apollo were born in their country. |
3-62: Magnesians honored by Scipio, Sulla; Aphrodisia, Stratonicea had decrees. |
3-63: Senate tasked consuls to verify sanctuary claims, prevent abuses. |
3-64: Julia Augusta's illness hastened Tiberius's return, caused Senate supplications. |
3-65: Tiberius lamented Senate's flattery, expressed disgust at their servility. |
3-66: Caius Silanus accused of extortion, sacrilege; Tiberius pressed relentlessly. |
3-67: Silanus overwhelmed by accusers; abandoned defense, sent reproachful memorial. |
3-68: Tiberius referenced Augustus's precedent; Silanus banished, mother’s property exempted. |
3-69: Dolabella proposed banning immoral governors; Tiberius upheld existing laws. |
3-70: Cyrene people testified; Lucius Ennius accused, but Tiberius prevented trial. |
3-71: Religious questions settled; offering to Fortune of Knights placed. |
3-72: Lepidus restored basilica; Tiberius praised Sejanus, promised Pompeius’s theatre restoration. |
3-73: Blaesus awarded for defeating Tacfarinas, hailed "Imperator" by legions. |
3-74: Blaesus's tactics cornered Tacfarinas; Tiberius considered war finished, honored Blaesus. |
3-75: Asinius Saloninus and Capito Ateius, distinguished men, died. |
3-76: Junia, Cassius's wife, excluded emperor from will, honored traditionally. |
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4 23 - 28 5 75 70.2 58:30
4-1: Ninth year of Tiberius’s reign, marked by Sejanus’s influence. |
4-2: Sejanus consolidated power, centralizing cohorts into one camp. |
4-3: Sejanus targeted Drusus, seducing Livia, planning murder secretly. |
4-4: Young Drusus honored; Tiberius discussed military needs and legions. |
4-5: Roman forces were detailed: fleets, legions, and allied troops. |
4-6: Tiberius's administration balanced Senate's power and public order. |
4-7: Tiberius's restrained lifestyle changed after Drusus’s death, empowering Sejanus. |
4-8: Sejanus poisoned Drusus with eunuch’s help, Tiberius unaware initially. |
4-9: Tiberius’s speech for Drusus praised, then spoiled by false humility. |
4-10: Sejanus implicated Drusus, deceiving Tiberius; poisoning rumors spread. |
4-11: Refuting hearsay, Tiberius not directly involved in Drusus’s poisoning. |
4-12: Tiberius's speech praised Drusus; plans shifted towards Germanicus’s children. |
4-13: Sejanus plotted against Germanicus’s children, inciting Augusta’s jealousy. |
4-14: Tiberius managed Roman and provincial issues, addressing earthquakes, trials. |
4-15: Losses for Tiberius; trials and public honors followed Lucilius’s death. |
4-16: New priest of Jupiter appointed; Tiberius reformed religious laws. |
4-17: Pontiffs honored Tiberius’s health; Sejanus attacked Germanicus’s allies. |
4-18: Sejanus targeted Silius, exploiting his past military successes. |
4-19: Silius and Sosia accused; Sabinus’s trial delayed for political reasons. |
4-20: Silius’s property seized; Sosia banished, Senate debated confiscations. |
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4-21: High-spirited Calpurnius Piso faced accusations, remembered old resentments, died. |
4-22: Plautius Silvanus threw his wife; investigation found him guilty. |
4-23: Rome finally ended conflict with Numidian Tacfarinas, securing Africa. |
4-24: Tacfarinas spread rumors of Roman retreat, besieged Thubuscum unsuccessfully. |
4-25: Romans ambushed Numidians at Auzea, killing Tacfarinas in surprise attack. |
4-26: Dolabella's triumphal distinctions refused, honored Ptolemaeus with gifts. |
4-27: Slave uprising led by Titus Curtisius thwarted by timely intervention. |
4-28: Father and son, Vibius Serenus, clashed in dramatic Senate trial. |
4-29: Serenus's accusations implicated leading Romans, son fled in fear. |
4-30: Senate proposed punishment, emperor's veto led to milder sentence. |
4-31: Emperor spared Caius Cominius, punished Suillius and Catus severely. |
4-32: My annals record peace, misery, and trivial, yet significant events. |
4-33: Observing tyrannies teaches lessons, though it provides little pleasure. |
4-34: Cremutius Cordus accused of praising Brutus, Cassius; starved himself. |
4-35: Praising past figures, Cremutius defended free speech against accusations. |
4-36: Latin festival saw prosecutions, Cyzicus lost privileges, Fonteius acquitted. |
4-37: Spain requested temple for Tiberius; emperor explained his refusal. |
4-38: Tiberius valued memory over monuments, sought recognition for virtue. |
4-39: Sejanus sought marriage to Livia, addressed emperor for approval. |
4-40: Tiberius delayed decision, cited potential factionalism and political issues. |
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4-41: Sejanus manipulated Tiberius to move away from Rome for control. |
4-42: Votienus insulted Tiberius, punished; Tiberius became harsher on accusations. |
4-43: Lacedaemonians and Messenians disputed temple ownership; decision favored Messenians. |
4-44: Cneius Lentulus, Lucius Domitius, Lucius Antonius died, notable achievements remembered. |
4-45: Termestine peasant killed praetor Piso, committed suicide to avoid torture. |
4-46: Poppaeus Sabinus received triumphal honors for defeating rebellious Thracians. |
4-47: Sabinus, aided by reinforcements, defeated Thracians in fortified positions. |
4-48: Roman camp attacked, Thracian auxiliaries defeated due to carelessness. |
4-49: Sabinus besieged barbarians, who suffered thirst, hunger, and discord. |
4-50: Chief Dinis surrendered; some Thracians chose suicide over submission. |
4-51: Thracians launched desperate attack; Romans repelled and forced surrender. |
4-52: Domitius Afer prosecuted Claudia Pulchra; Agrippina angrily confronted Tiberius. |
4-53: Agrippina, feeling isolated, requested marriage to Tiberius, who declined. |
4-54: Sejanus sowed distrust, causing Agrippina to suspect Tiberius of poisoning. |
4-55: Tiberius addressed temple dispute; Smyrna chosen over Sardis. |
4-56: Smyrna chosen for temple; emperor's eloquence and legacy emphasized. |
4-57: Tiberius retired to Campania, possibly influenced by Sejanus’s schemes. |
4-58: Tiberius settled in Capreae, indulged in secrecy and suspicious plotting. |
4-59: Sejanus saved Tiberius during a grotto collapse, increased his power. |
4-60: Nero influenced by inciters; Sejanus manipulated Drusus against brother. |
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4-61: Distinguished men Agrippa and Haterius died, known for eloquence. |
4-62: Atilius’s amphitheater collapse in Fidena caused numerous deaths. |
4-63: Senate decreed safety measures for future amphitheaters; Atilius banished. |
4-64: Tiberius’s assistance after fire in Rome praised by the populace. |
4-65: Mount Caelius, formerly Querquetulanus, renamed Mount Augustus after fire. |
4-66: Quintilius Varus attacked by Domitius Afer, proceedings halted temporarily. |
4-67: Tiberius retreated to Capreae, isolated for secret debauchery and plotting. |
4-68: Titius Sabinus arrested for loyalty to Germanicus, prosecuted by ex-praetors. |
4-69: Sabinus deceived by false friendship, conversations overheard by hidden senators. |
4-70: Sabinus executed; his death symbolized Sejanus’s control and brutality. |
4-71: Latinius and others punished later; Gallus suggested emperor reveal fears. |
4-72: Frisii revolted due to Roman extortion; killed tax collectors. |
4-73: Apronius suppressed Frisii rebellion, significant Roman casualties occurred. |
4-74: Tiberius hid military losses; Senate decreed altars to Clemency, Friendship. |
4-75: Tiberius arranged Agrippina’s marriage to Cneius Domitius, emphasizing lineage. |
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5 29 - 31 2 11 7.6 6:20
5-1: Julia Augusta died; simple funeral; eulogy by great-grandson, Caius Caesar. |
5-2: Tiberius excused absence; limited honors for mother; criticized female friendships. |
5-3: Augusta's death led to harsher rule; Senate debated Agrippina and Nero. |
5-4: Junius Rusticus warned Senate against debate; people supported Agrippina and Nero. |
5-5: Tiberius claimed authority; Senate prepared for vengeance; Sejanus’ influence increased. |
5-6: Many speeches delivered; Sejanus’ role debated; references to older numbering retained. |
5-7: Blaesus fell on his sword; friends witnessed fearless face; no reproach. |
5-8: Vitellius and Pomponius accused; Vitellius died by suicide; Pomponius survived Tiberius. |
5-9: Sejanus' remaining children executed; girl's innocence emphasized; bodies discarded disrespectfully. |
5-10: Rumor of Drusus seen; Greek enthusiasm; Sabinus investigated; found false. |
5-11: Consuls Trio and Regulus quarreled; accusations and threats persisted after office. |
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6 32 - 37 5 51 50 41:40
6-1: Tiberius sailed along Campania, avoiding Rome; indulged in vile debauchery. |
6-2: Senate debated Livia’s crimes; Togonius Gallus' ridiculous motion rejected by Tiberius. |
6-3: Junius Gallio censured by Tiberius; Gallio expelled from Senate and Italy. |
6-4: Latinius Latiaris exposed; Haterius Agrippa criticized silent ex-consuls; further bitterness avoided. |
6-5: Charges against Cotta Messalinus failed; Tiberius defended him against misconstrued words. |
6-6: Tiberius expressed anguish; his crimes and infamies weighed heavily on him. |
6-7: Senate judged Caecilianus; Servaeus and Thermus condemned, reflecting treacherous times. |
6-8: Marcus Terentius defended his friendship with Sejanus, highlighting past power dynamics. |
6-9: Accusers punished; Vestilius excluded from Tiberius’ table, attempted suicide unsuccessfully. |
6-10: Women faced danger; Vitia executed for mourning; Piso died natural death. |
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6-11: City prefect role historic; Piso’s judicious administration honored with public funeral. |
6-12: Senate debated alleged Sibylline book; Tiberius criticized handling of religious matters. |
6-13: Grain shortage sparked unrest; Tiberius blamed Senate, claimed to provide more grain. |
6-14: Knights accused of conspiracy; Fabatus suspected of fleeing to Parthians, returned safely. |
6-15: Tiberius married granddaughters; avoided Rome despite Senate’s accommodating decree. |
6-16: Usury laws enforced; senators guilty, sought Tiberius’ indulgence; temporary financial crisis ensued. |
6-17: Money scarcity followed; estates devalued; Tiberius provided loans to stabilize credit. |
6-18: Proculus executed; Pomponius accused many; Macrina banished, family destroyed by emperor. |
6-19: Sextus Marius executed; Tiberius seized gold mines; numerous prisoners executed without mercy. |
6-20: Caius Caesar married; Tiberius’ harshness concealed; predicted Galba’s brief future rule. |
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6-21: Tiberius tested astrologers; Thrasyllus survived, gaining trust; secrecy maintained. |
6-22: Debates on fate’s role; conflicting theories; personal choice impacts life events. |
6-23: Asinius Gallus starved; Drusus perished miserably; Tiberius' cruelty persisted relentlessly. |
6-24: Drusus’ death publicized; Tiberius shared brutal details, exposing his own grandson’s suffering. |
6-25: Agrippina perished; Tiberius accused her; Senate thanked him, declared commemorative offering. |
6-26: Cocceius Nerva resolved to die, despite health and secure position. |
6-27: Julia married Rubellius Blandus; Aelius Lamia received censor's funeral honors. |
6-28: Phoenix appeared in Egypt; debated over its nature and lifespan. |
6-29: Pomponius Labeo and wife died; Scaurus accused of writing against Tiberius. |
6-30: Informers punished; Gaetulicus survived Sejanus' downfall, maintained loyalty to Tiberius. |
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6-31: Parthian nobles visited Rome; sought Phraates' return to Parthian throne. |
6-32: Artabanus manipulated; Phraates fell ill, Tiberius backed Tiridates for throne. |
6-33: Pharasmanes invaded Armenia; Parthians suffered defeat, Orodes injured in battle. |
6-34: Artabanus gathered forces; Tiridates retreated, lost support, returned to Syria. |
6-35: Artabanus regained support; Tiridates retreated; Rome’s influence remained in the region. |
6-36: Artabanus fled; Vitellius encouraged revolt; Tiridates crowned king of Parthia. |
6-37: Vitellius assisted Tiridates; Artabanus fled; Tiridates crowned, Vitellius returned to Syria. |
6-38: Fulcinius Trio's will criticized; Granius Marcianus, Tarius Gratianus condemned for treason. |
6-39: Trebellienus Rufus and Paconianus executed; Poppaeus Sabinus died, serving two emperors. |
6-40: Vibulenus Agrippa poisoned himself; Galba and Blaesi perished, Aemilia Lepida punished. |
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6-41: Clitae tribe revolted; Trebellius besieged them; Tiridates gained Parthian cities' support. |
6-42: Seleucia welcomed Tiridates; praised him, criticized Artabanus; celebrated Greek heritage. |
6-43: Tiridates delayed; Artabanus regained support; Tiridates retreated, Artabanus resumed power. |
6-44: Artabanus returned with army; Tiridates retreated; Artabanus regained support. |
6-45: Rome suffered fire; Tiberius compensated losses; commissioners assessed damages. |
6-46: Tiberius hesitated choosing successor; foresaw future conflicts; maintained dissembling skill. |
6-47: Acutia accused of treason; Albucilla involved; Domitius, Marsus implicated, resisted charges. |
6-48: Arruntius foresaw harsher rule; chose death; Albucilla imprisoned, accomplices punished. |
6-49: Sextus Papinius' suicide blamed on mother; she was banished for ten years. |
6-50: Tiberius declined; Charicles predicted death; Macro ensured Tiberius’ demise. |
6-51: Tiberius died; complex legacy marked by cruelty, political cunning, infamous debauchery. |
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11 47 - 48 38 33.4 27:50
11-1: Messalina conspired against Valerius Asiaticus and Poppæa, desiring Asiaticus's gardens. |
11-2: Asiaticus was accused by Suilius, defended himself before Claudius. |
11-3: Vitellius advocated for Asiaticus, who chose a peaceful, dignified death. |
11-4: Suilius targeted knights Petra for their association with Poppæa's meetings. |
11-5: Suilius's accusations led Samius to suicide; senators demanded Cincian law enforcement. |
11-6: Silius denounced corrupt advocates; senators sought to limit their fees. |
11-7: Advocates defended their fees; Claudius limited them to ten thousand sesterces. |
11-8: Mithridates reclaimed Armenia with Rome's support; Vardanes besieged Seleucia. |
11-9: Mithridates occupied Armenia; Parthian princes Vardanes and Gotarzes reconciled. |
11-10: Vardanes defeated Gotarzes, subjugated tribes; assassinated for his harsh rule. |
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11-11: Secular games celebrated; Nero received greater enthusiasm than Britannicus. |
11-12: Messalina's affair with Silius threatened Agrippina, Claudius remained oblivious. |
11-13: Claudius enacted reforms while Messalina flaunted her affair with Silius. |
11-14: Claudius introduced new letters, revived interest in ancient writing systems. |
11-15: Claudius strengthened "haruspices" to preserve Italian religious traditions. |
11-16: Italicus, of noble lineage, became king of Cherusci with Roman support. |
11-17: Italicus's rule faced opposition; his fluctuating fortunes harmed Cheruscan interests. |
11-18: Corbulo defeated Chauci, restored discipline, and suppressed enemy flotillas. |
11-19: Corbulo's strict discipline subdued Frisians; built fort to ensure obedience. |
11-20: Claudius halted Corbulo's advances; granted triumphal distinctions for canal work. |
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11-21: Curtius Rufus, possibly a gladiator's son, rose to consulship, died. |
11-22: Cneius Nonius, found with sword, tortured, confessed guilt, no accomplices. |
11-23: Gallia Comata's nobles sought Senate seats, opposed, emperor supported. |
11-24: Claudius justified including provincials, cited Rome's history of integration. |
11-25: Senate granted Ædui senatorship, enrolled prominent families, censored notorious members. |
11-26: Messalina sought power, proposed marriage to Silius, they married secretly. |
11-27: Incredible that consul-elect, emperor's wife, openly married, Rome knew everything. |
11-28: Claudius's court panicked, feared revolution, planned to condemn Messalina swiftly. |
11-29: Narcissus, fearing involvement, used mistresses to inform Claudius about Messalina. |
11-30: Claudius informed about Messalina's marriage, summoned powerful friends, considered action. |
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11-31: Claudius, convinced by friends, prepared for action, Messalina's Bacchanalian festivities. |
11-32: Claudius learned truth, Messalina sought audience, children to plead mercy. |
11-33: Claudius, fearing prætorians' loyalty, transferred command to freedman, Narcissus advised. |
11-34: Claudius wavered, Narcissus emphasized Silius marriage, presented evidence of debaucheries. |
11-35: Claudius visited Silius's house, saw evidence, addressed soldiers, demanded punishment. |
11-36: Silius, others executed promptly, Mnester pleaded necessity, Claudius initially inclined mercy. |
11-37: Messalina, realizing fate, sought mercy, Narcissus expedited execution to prevent pardon. |
11-38: Messalina's failed suicide, killed by tribune, Claudius unemotional, Senate erased her memory. |
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12 48 - 54 6 69 53.7 44:45
12-1: Imperial house's women competed for Claudius; freedmen supported different candidates. |
12-2: Narcissus, Callistus, Pallas supported different candidates; emperor swayed by advisors. |
12-3: Agrippina's charms won; planned son's marriage to Octavia. |
12-4: Vitellius supported Agrippina, accused Silanus; Claudius broke engagement, removed Silanus. |
12-5: Claudius, Agrippina's marriage confirmed, despite fears of incestuous implications. |
12-6: Vitellius supported Agrippina; Senate approved emperor's marriage to brother's daughter. |
12-7: Senate and people supported marriage; Agrippina controlled state firmly. |
12-8: Silanus committed suicide; Agrippina influenced Claudius, restored Seneca's exile. |
12-9: Octavia betrothed to Domitius; Agrippina's influence grew within the empire. |
12-10: Parthian embassy requested Meherdates' return; sought better ruler from Rome. |
12-11: Claudius praised Rome's power, advised Meherdates, and dispatched Cassius. |
12-12: Cassius revived discipline, advised Meherdates, warned of barbarian treachery. |
12-13: Meherdates advanced; joined Carenes, captured Ninos, faced Gotarzes. |
12-14: Gotarzes delayed battle, bribed Meherdates' allies to desert. |
12-15: Mithridates rallied tribes, allied with Adorsi against rebels. |
12-16: Roman-Adorsi army defeated enemies; besieged cities, captured Uspe. |
12-17: Uspe massacred; Zorsines surrendered to Romans, showing submission. |
12-18: Mithridates sought mercy from Eunones, surrendered to Romans. |
12-19: Eunones commended Mithridates' surrender, requested leniency from Claudius. |
12-20: Claudius debated Mithridates' fate, chose leniency over further conflict. |
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12-21: Mithridates surrendered, brought to Rome; spoke proudly before emperor and people. |
12-22: Agrippina accused Lollia, Claudius exiled her; Calpurnia also targeted by Agrippina. |
12-23: Narbon Gaul granted privilege; Ituraea, Judaea annexed to Syria province. |
12-24: Romulus's original city boundaries explained; Claudius expanded them, following ancient precedent. |
12-25: Domitius adopted by Claudius; influenced by Pallas, praised by Senate. |
12-26: Domitius named Nero; Agrippina titled Augusta, Britannicus' situation worsened. |
12-27: Agrippina established colony in Ubii; Pomponius fought Chatti successfully. |
12-28: Pomponius defeated Chatti; triumph decreed, poetry earned lasting fame. |
12-29: Vannius driven from Suevi kingdom; Claudius supported him with refuge. |
12-30: Vannius fought valiantly, fled; successors loyal to Rome, ruled kingdom. |
12-31: Ostorius faced British rebellion; disarmed tribes, defeated Iceni, secured territories. |
12-32: Ostorius subdued Cangi, Brigantes; established veteran colony in Camulodunum. |
12-33: Caractacus fortified position; Ostorius attacked, captured Caractacus' family. |
12-34: Caractacus rallied troops, emphasized freedom; Britons vowed to resist. |
12-35: Romans attacked, broke defenses; Britons fled, Caractacus' family captured. |
12-36: Caractacus surrendered to Cartimandua; brought to Rome, granted pardon. |
12-37: Caractacus praised Rome's power, received clemency; Agrippina recognized for influence. |
12-38: Senate praised Caractacus' capture; Ostorius faced further resistance, died. |
12-39: Silures attacked Romans; Ostorius died, Aulus Didius appointed governor. |
12-40: Didius quelled uprisings; Venutius fought Cartimandua, Rome supported her. |
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12-41: Nero given manhood's dress; Britannicus marginalized, centurions and tribunes removed. |
12-42: Agrippina consolidates power, removes commanders; Vitellius accused but Agrippina intervenes. |
12-43: Prodigies and famine occur; Claudius barely escapes mob's wrath, famine alleviated. |
12-44: Armenians and Iberians war; Rhadamistus seizes Armenia, betrays Mithridates with deceit. |
12-45: Rhadamistus attacks Mithridates; treachery and bribery force Mithridates' surrender. |
12-46: Rhadamistus betrays Mithridates; Pollio's corruption aids treachery, Mithridates leaves fortress. |
12-47: Rhadamistus deceives Mithridates, captures him; Mith
ridates' family smothered, sons killed. |
12-48: Quadratus informed of betrayal; Armenia's fate debated, envoys sent to Pharasmanes. |
12-49: Pelignus disgracefully supports Rhadamistus; Helvidius restores order, avoiding Parthian war. |
12-50: Vologeses invades Armenia; Rhadamistus flees, Zenobia rescued by shepherds. |
12-51: Rhadamistus stabs Zenobia, flees; shepherds rescue Zenobia, taken to Tiridates. |
12-52: Scribonianus exiled, soon dies; astrologers expelled, poor senators degraded. |
12-53: Women marrying slaves penalized; Pallas praised for modesty, despite vast wealth. |
12-54: Felix governs Judaea harshly; Quadratus restores order, condemns Cumanus alone. |
12-55: Cilician tribes revolt, plunder; King Antiochus quells rebellion, slays leader Troxobor. |
12-56: Lake Fucinus tunnel excavated; naval battle staged, spectators alarmed by water. |
12-57: Lake Fucinus tunnel mismanaged; Agrippina blames Narcissus, causing public fear. |
12-58: Nero marries Octavia; secures benefits for Ilium, Bononia, Rhodes, Apamea. |
12-59: Agrippina's schemes ruin Taurus; he suicides, Priscus expelled from Senate. |
12-60: Claudius gives knights judicial powers; decreed by Senate, increasing freedmen's influence. |
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12-61: Claudius grants Cos tax immunity; highlights historical ties and Xenophon's assistance. |
12-62: Byzantium complains of burdens; Claudius supports relief, Senate grants exemption. |
12-63: Byzantium's strategic location stressed; tribute remitted for five years. |
12-64: Prodigies foreshadow change; Agrippina destroys Lepida, fearing Claudius' punishment. |
12-65: Lepida sentenced to death; Narcissus fears Agrippina, supports Britannicus secretly. |
12-66: Claudius poisoned by Agrippina; Locusta prepares poison, Halotus administers it. |
12-67: Claudius poisoned with mushrooms; Agrippina ensures death with physician Xenophon's help. |
12-68: Claudius' death concealed; Agrippina controls palace, delays public announcement. |
12-69: Nero declared emperor; Claudius deified, Britannicus marginalized, Agrippina emulates Livia. |
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13 54 - 58 4 58 54.3 45:15
13-1: Junius Silanus, proconsul of Asia, was poisoned by Agrippina. |
13-2: Burrus and Seneca guided Nero, countering Agrippina's influence. |
13-3: Nero delivered Claudius's panegyric, written by Seneca. |
13-4: Nero addressed the Senate, outlining his future government. |
13-5: Nero maintained Senate authority, despite Agrippina's interference. |
13-6: Parthians attacked Armenia, causing concern in Rome. |
13-7: Nero sent troops and allies to defend Armenia. |
13-8: Senate celebrated Nero's military actions and Corbulo's appointment. |
13-9: Corbulo secured Armenian hostages, causing general rivalry. |
13-10: Nero sought a statue for Domitius, rejecting certain honours. |
13-11: Nero's clemency restored Plautius Lateranus's rank. |
13-12: Nero fell for Acte, weakening Agrippina's control. |
13-13: Agrippina's fury over Acte further alienated Nero. |
13-14: Nero removed Pallas, sparking Agrippina's anger. |
13-15: Nero poisoned Britannicus, fearing his popularity. |
13-16: Britannicus died during dinner, shocking many. |
13-17: Britannicus's hasty funeral stirred mixed public reactions. |
13-18: Nero's lavish gifts failed to appease Agrippina's rage. |
13-19: Agrippina lost support, becoming increasingly isolated. |
13-20: Nero, fearing Agrippina, contemplated drastic actions. |
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13-21: Allayed prince's fears, they went at daybreak to Agrippina, charging her. |
13-22: Superintendence of corn given to Rufus; Egypt to Balbillus, Syria unassigned. |
13-23: Pallas and Burrus accused of conspiracy, proving their innocence despite arrogance. |
13-24: Cohort withdrawn during games; emperor purified Rome due to lightning. |
13-25: Nero, in disguise, roamed streets causing chaos, surrounded by gladiators. |
13-26: Senate discussed freedmen misconduct, patrons' right to revoke freedom. |
13-27: Freedmen's rights debated; punishment proposed but emperor upheld individual cases. |
13-28: Vibullius and Antistius clashed over prisoners; Senate limited tribunes' powers. |
13-29: Administrative changes in public accounts; Nero appointed competent ex-praetors. |
13-30: Vipsanius condemned, Proculus acquitted; various notable deaths occurred. |
13-31: Nero's second consulship; colonies strengthened, tax remitted, public entertainment restricted. |
13-32: Senate decreed punishment for slaves murdering masters; Pomponia acquitted. |
13-33: Many impeached; Publius Celer's case postponed until his death. |
13-34: Nero's third consulship; Messala supported, war with Parthia resumed. |
13-35: Corbulo disciplined demoralized soldiers, imposed strict penalties for desertion. |
13-36: Corbulo divided army to counter Tiridates, attacked multiple points simultaneously. |
13-37: Tiridates, with Vologeses' aid, ravaged Armenia, avoiding direct engagement. |
13-38: Peace negotiations failed; leaders arranged a meeting with armies. |
13-39: Tiridates withdrew, Corbulo destroyed fortresses to force Armenians' defense. |
13-40: Tiridates attacked Roman columns; Corbulo countered, forcing enemy's retreat. |
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13-41: Corbulo encamped, sent troops to attack Artaxata, inhabitants surrendered quickly. |
13-42: Suilius accused of corruption, taunted Seneca, and was ultimately banished. |
13-43: Seneca heard reports against Suilius, who defended himself unsuccessfully. |
13-44: Octavius killed Pontia after a failed affair, was condemned. |
13-45: Sabina Poppaea's ambition and relationships brought turmoil to Rome. |
13-46: Otho praised Poppaea to Nero, resulting in his exile. |
13-47: Nero suspected Sulla, exiled him based on a falsehood. |
13-48: Puteoli's disturbances led to Senate intervention and restored order. |
13-49: Thrasea criticized insignificant decrees, advocating for addressing significant issues. |
13-50: Nero considered tax repeal; Senate cautioned against empire's dissolution. |
13-51: Nero issued equitable revenue reforms, reducing some taxes. |
<
td style="background-color:#FFCC00;">13-52: Camerinus and Silvanus acquitted, Silvanus's wealth influenced his outcome.
13-53: German commanders maintained peace; Vetus proposed connecting rivers. |
13-54: Frisii settled on Roman land; Nero granted leaders citizenship. |
13-55: Ampsivarii sought land, denied by Romans, leading to wanderings. |
13-56: Boiocalus's plea failed; Ampsivarii sought allies, faced Roman retaliation. |
13-57: Hermunduri defeated Chatti; Ubian fires extinguished by unconventional means. |
13-58: Ancient Comitium tree showed decay, later rejuvenated with shoots. |
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14 59 - 62 3 65 57.8 48:10
14-1: Nero, influenced by Poppaea, planned Agrippina's murder to secure power. |
14-2: Agrippina sought influence over Nero, leading to scandalous accusations. |
14-3: Nero avoided Agrippina, planned her murder with Anicetus' help. |
14-4: Nero deceived Agrippina, lured her to Baiae, plotting her death. |
14-5: Agrippina's ship sabotaged; she survived, but Acerronia was killed. |
14-6: Agrippina realized Nero's plot, sent message to appear unthreatened. |
14-7: Nero, fearing Agrippina's retaliation, ordered Anicetus to kill her. |
14-8: Agrippina's house attacked; she was killed despite her protests. |
14-9: Nero viewed Agrippina's body, her burial was dishonorable, anticipated death. |
14-10: Nero's guilt manifested in terror; manipulated support, celebrated falsely. |
14-11: Nero accused Agrippina posthumously; Seneca's involvement tarnished reputation. |
14-12: Senate exaggerated thanksgivings; Thrasea silently protested, portents ignored. |
14-13: Nero returned to Rome; courtiers exaggerated popularity, increased debauchery. |
14-14: Nero indulged in chariot racing, singing; degraded nobles joined him. |
14-15: Nero's "juvenile sports" games encouraged widespread debauchery among nobles. |
14-16: Nero feigned poetry interest; attracted mediocre poets, encouraged philosophical debates. |
14-17: Nuceria-Pompeii gladiatorial brawl led to Senate intervention, Pompeii's punishment. |
14-18: Pedius Blaesus expelled for corruption; Strabo acquitted despite accusations. |
14-19: Domitius Afer and Marcus Servilius, notable men, died illustrious deaths. |
14-20: Nero established quinquennial games, criticized for promoting moral decay. |
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tr>
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14-21: Many approved the games, citing their historical and economic benefits. |
14-22: A comet's appearance caused fears of revolution and Nero's downfall. |
14-23: Corbulo captured Tigranocerta, showed mercy or destruction as necessary. |
14-24: Corbulo's troops faced hardships but succeeded in capturing fortresses. |
14-25: Parthians distracted by Hyrcanian war, allowing Corbulo's military successes. |
14-26: Corbulo repelled Tiridates, installed Tigranes as Armenian king. |
14-27: Laodicea rebuilt itself after earthquake; Puteoli gained colonial status. |
14-28: Senate elections caused turmoil; Vibius Secundus banished for extortion. |
14-29: British rebellion led by Boudicea resulted in devastating losses. |
14-30: Suetonius overcame Druids, burnt their groves, and secured victory. |
14-31: Iceni revolt led by Boudicea, incited by Roman abuses. |
14-32: Signs and omens predicted revolt; veterans' colony destroyed by Britons. |
14-33: Suetonius evacuated Londinium; Britons massacred thousands in Verulamium. |
14-34: Suetonius prepared for battle against confident, vast British army. |
14-35: Boudicea rallied her troops, emphasizing revenge and freedom. |
14-36: Suetonius encouraged troops, emphasizing discipline and experienced combat. |
14-37: Romans' disciplined tactics won; Boudicea's forces suffered heavy losses. |
14-38: Suetonius' campaign continued; famine weakened enemy, Julius Classicanus opposed. |
14-39: Polyclitus sent to reconcile; Suetonius replaced by Petronius Turpilianus. |
14-40: Rome saw two crimes: forged will by senator, daring slave. |
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14-41: Pompeius Aelianus, ex-quaestor, outlawed for Fabianus' complicity, banished from Italy. |
14-42: Pedanius Secundus murdered by slave, sparking debate on execution methods. |
14-43: Senators debated execution for slave's murder, Cassius supported harsh punishment. |
14-44: Cassius argued ancient customs, slaves' guilt, necessary for public safety. |
14-45: Despite pity, execution prevailed, mob resistance overcome with soldiers' help. |
14-46: Tarquitius Priscus convicted of extortion, assessment of Gaul caused rivalry. |
14-47: Memmius Regulus died, Nero praised him, established gymnasium for senators. |
14-48: Antistius accused of treason, proposed death, Thrasea advocated exile instead. |
14-49: Senate supported Thrasea, emperor hesitated, approved exile, Thrasea praised. |
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tr>
14-50: Fabricius Veiento banished, libels on senators burned, quickly forgotten. |
14-51: Burrus died, suspected poisoning, Tigellinus influenced Nero, Rufus favored soldiers. |
14-52: Seneca's power weakened, accused of wealth, eloquence, influence over Nero. |
14-53: Seneca requested retirement, thanked Nero, withdrew from public life. |
14-54: Seneca argued for relief from wealth, continued loyalty to Nero. |
14-55: Nero praised Seneca, rejected wealth return, emphasized mutual support. |
14-56: Nero reassured Seneca, rejected resignation, praised their shared achievements. |
14-57: Tigellinus targeted Plautus and Sulla, manipulated Nero's fears, ordered murders. |
14-58: Plautus warned, dismissed escape, murdered by centurion, Nero mocked. |
14-59: Plautus killed, Nero comforted, prepared to marry Poppaea, divorced Octavia. |
14-60: Octavia accused of infidelity, exiled, public protested, Nero briefly reconciled. |
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14-61: Poppaea instigated Octavia's banishment, feared mob, convinced Nero of danger. |
14-62: Anicetus falsely confessed, implicated Octavia, banished, Nero justified actions. |
14-63: Octavia exiled, public mourned, compared to Agrippina and Julia's banishments. |
14-64: Octavia executed, Poppaea displayed head, Senate voted offerings, public dismay. |
14-65: Nero poisoned freedmen, Doryphorus and Pallas, conspiracies against Nero ensued. |
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15 62 - 65 3 74 65.4 54:30
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16 65 - 66 35 28.1 23:25
16-1: Nero deceived by Caesellius Bassus' story of hidden treasure gold. |
16-2: Nero, without verifying, sent men to fetch imaginary gold. |
16-3: Bassus searched futilely, eventually committed suicide out of shame. |
16-4: Senate gave Nero awards to avoid scandal during quinquennial contest. |
16-5: Provincial attendees struggled with fatigue, some trampled or sickened. |
16-6: Poppaea died from Nero's kick, embalmed like a foreign queen. |
16-7: Nero forbade Cassius attending Poppaea's funeral, raising further suspicions. |
16-8: Nero accused Silanus of preparing for imperial duties prematurely. |
16-9: Cassius exiled to Sardinia; Silanus to Ostia, then Barium. |
16-10: Lucius Vetus, Sextia, Pollutia chose death to avoid Nero's wrath. |
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16-11: Lucius Vetus and family committed suicide to avoid disgrace. |
16-12: Publius Gallus exiled; months renamed after Claudius and Germanicus. |
16-13: Campania devastated by hurricane, Rome struck by deadly plague. |
16-14: Antistius Sosianus informed Nero of conspiracies involving Anteius and Ostorius. |
16-15: Ostorius, fearing Nero's wrath, forced slave to assist suicide. |
16-16: Monotonous executions and despair marked Nero's reign with cruelty. |
16-17: Mela, Crispinus, Petronius, Cerialis died amid Nero's relentless purges. |
16-18: Petronius criticized Nero's excesses in his will, then committed suicide. |
16-19: Petronius calmly embraced death, exposing Nero's debauchery in his will. |
16-20: Silia exiled for suspected leak; Thermus executed due to freedman's accusations. |
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16-21: Nero aimed to murder Thrasea Paetus and Barea Soranus, virtuous men. |
16-22: Thrasea criticized for avoiding Senate duties and political allegiance. |
16-23: Soranus accused of fostering sedition in Asia, involving daughter. |
16-24: Thrasea wrote to Nero, demanding to know his charges. |
16-25: Friends advised Thrasea whether to defend himself or remain silent. |
16-26: Advisors warned Thrasea of insults, suggested avoiding Senate trial. |
16-27: Armed soldiers occupied Senate house, intimidating and controlling senators. |
16-28: Cossutianus and Marcellus accused Thrasea of disloyalty and sedition. |
16-29: Senators pitied Helvidius, Agrippinus, and Montanus for unfair persecution. |
16-30: Soranus' daughter, Servilia, implicated for consulting astrologers. |
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16-31: Servilia defended herself, seeking only father's safety, nothing more. |
16-32: Soranus pleaded for daughter's innocence, requesting separate judgments. |
16-33: Cassius Asclepiodotus exiled for supporting Soranus, others faced death. |
16-34: Thrasea discussed soul and body separation, urged friends' departure. |
16-35: Thrasea embraced death, encouraged others with his courageous example. |
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15-1: Vologeses, hearing Corbulo's achievements and Tigranes over Armenia, considered vengeance. |
15-2: Vologeses planned with Tiridates and called council, discussed Roman threat. |
15-3: Corbulo sent legions to support Tigranes, prepared for Syria's defense. |
15-4: Moneses advanced on Tigranocerta; Tigranes defended city against Parthian siege. |
15-5: Corbulo warned Vologeses, threatened to invade if siege continued. |
15-6: Opinions varied on Corbulo's actions; Paetus took over Armenian defense. |
15-7: Paetus entered Armenia with legions, faced bad omens, early setbacks. |
15-8: Paetus failed to fortify, faced supply issues, retreated to winter quarters. |
15-9: Corbulo secured Euphrates, built bridge, prepared to defend Syria. |
15-10: Paetus weakened his forces, faced imminent Parthian attack, sought Corbulo's aid. |
15-11: Vologeses pressed siege, Paetus requested Corbulo's help to save legions. |
15-12: Corbulo marched to Armenia, motivated troops, aimed to rescue legions. |
15-13: Vologeses attacked, Paetus's forces barely defended, awaited Corbulo's arrival. |
15-14: Vologeses negotiated, planned to decide Armenia's fate with brothers. |
15-15: Paetus built bridge for Parthians, troops humiliated, Vologeses crossed river. |
15-16: Besieged had surplus, Paetus sworn not to re-enter Armenia. |
15-17: Corbulo and Paetus discussed strategy, Paetus retreated, Vologeses demanded river boundary. |
15-18: Rome erected war trophies, Nero manipulated public perception, destroyed old corn. |
15-19: Senate addressed fake adoptions, decreed against them, ensured legitimate inheritance rights. |
15-20: Claudius Timarchus prosecuted for arrogance, Thrasea proposed protecting provincial integrity. |
15-21: Senate debated provincial gratitude, consuls blocked resolution, gymnasium struck by lightning. |
15-22: Senate resolved no foreign gratitude missions, Pompeii earthquake, new Vestal Virgin. |
15-23: Nero's daughter born, celebrated, died within months, Thrasea's defiance noted. |
15-24: Parthian envoys offered terms, Tiridates proposed crowning in Roman camp. |
15-25: Nero, consulting Senate, rejected Parthian peace, empowered Corbulo for war. |
15-26: Corbulo moved legions to Syria, replaced them with experienced troops. |
15-27: Corbulo negotiated with Parthians, warned Tiridates, strengthened Roman defenses. |
15-28: Tiridates sought truce; Corbulo arranged diplomatic meeting, covered battle remnants. |
15-29: Tiridates submitted to Rome, removed crown, planned visit to Nero. |
15-30: Corbulo impressed Tiridates with Roman customs, requested time for journey. |
15-31: Tiridates met brothers, Vologeses requested respectful treatment, Corbulo upheld Roman dignity. |
15-32: Nero granted Latin franchise, reorganized seating, held grand gladiatorial shows. |
15-33: Nero performed publicly, starting in Neapolis, aimed for Greek recognition. |
15-34: Theatre collapsed after performance, Nero praised gods, continued his journey. |
15-35: Nero's crimes continued; Silanus forced to die, accused of plotting. |
15-36: Nero abandoned Achaia trip, reassured Rome, visited temples, expressed fear. |
15-37: Nero hosted extravagant banquets, showcasing profligacy, married Pythagoras in public. |
15-38: Rome burned, rapid spread, people trapped, chaos and destruction ensued. |
15-39: Nero returned, opened gardens to homeless, but rumors of blame persisted. |
15-40: Fire reignited, destroyed temples, worsened by suspicions of Nero's intentions. |
15-41: Ancient temples, historical treasures lost; rebuilding began with better urban planning. |
15-42: Nero built extravagant mansion, lavish features, engineers undertook impossible canal. |
15-43: Rome rebuilt with improvements, Nero funded colonnades, organized efficient rebuilding efforts. |
15-44: Religious rituals held, Christians blamed for fire, tortured, and executed publicly. |
15-45: Rome and provinces plundered, temples despoiled, Seneca feigned illness to avoid blame. |
15-46: Gladiators subdued in Praeneste, naval disaster struck, triremes lost at sea. |
15-47: Prodigies interpreted as omens, comet and abnormal births caused public fear. |
15-48: Conspiracy against Nero formed, Piso central figure, widespread support from elites. |
15-49: Conspirators plotted, driven by personal motives and state welfare, included military officers. |
15-50: Conspiracy expanded, included influential figures, debated timing and method for assassination. |
15-51: Epicharis attempted to involve fleet officers in the conspiracy. |
15-52: Conspirators planned Nero's assassination but Piso rejected villa ambush. |
15-53: They plotted to kill Nero during circus games honoring Ceres. |
15-54: Scaevinus' actions raised suspicions, leading to his betrayal. |
15-55: Milichus exposed plot to Nero, implicating Scaevinus and others. |
15-56: Under torture, Natalis revealed Piso and Seneca's involvement. |
15-57: Epicharis endured torture but ultimately killed herself. |
15-58: Rome was fortified, conspirators interrogated, Rufus hesitated to act. |
15-59: Piso missed opportunity to rally support, died by suicide. |
15-60: Nero quickly executed Lateranus, Seneca, and other conspirators. |
15-61: Seneca denied plotting, prepared for death with his wife. |
15-62: Seneca's final moments involved philosophical reflections and steadfast resolve. |
15-63: Seneca and Paulina attempted suicide, Nero forbade her death. |
15-64: Seneca eventually died in a heated bath, per his will. |
15-65: Rumors spread of Flavus planning to install Seneca as emperor. |
15-66: Conspirators betrayed Rufus, leading to his capture and execution. |
15-67: Subrius Flavus confessed, condemned Nero's crimes, and was executed. |
15-68: Asper and other centurions were executed; Vestinus also targeted. |
15-69: Nero executed Vestinus despite lacking evidence, fearing his potential. |
15-70: Lucanus died reciting his poetry, conspirators executed swiftly. |
15-71: Funerals filled Rome, conspirators' families expressed gratitude to Nero. |
15-72: Nero rewarded soldiers, announced triumphs, granted Nymphidius decorations. |
15-73: Nero justified executions to Senate, faced criticism for alleged innocence. |
15-74: Senate decreed offerings, renamed April, proposed temple for Nero. |
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