1 753 - 5243 Before Abolition of Monarchy 15 362 5:02
2 Earliest Migrations Into Italy 35.9 29:51
1 Primitive Races Of Italy 3.1 0
2 Iapygians 2.3 0
3 Italians 2.3 0
4 Relation Of The Italians To The Greeks .7 0
5 Relation Of The Latins To The Umbro-Samnites 3 0
6 Indo-Germanic Culture 5.7 0
7 Graeco-Italian Culture .4 0
8 Agriculture 5.1 0
9 Other Features Of Their Economy 1.9 0
10 Difference Of The Italian And The Greek Character 5.1 0
11 Religion 3.6 0
12 Art 2.7 0
4 Beginnings Of Rome 22.1 18:25
1 Ramnes  .6 0
2 Tities, Luceres  3 0
3 Rome The Emporium Of Latium .4 0
4 Character Of Its Site: From these settlements the later Rome arose. 1.8 0
5 Earliest Limits Of The Roman Territory 1.5 0
6 Tiber And Its Traffic 1.8 0
7 Early Urban Character Of Rome  1.9 0
8 Palatine City 1.7 0
9 Seven Mounts .9 0
10 Oldest Settlements In Palatine & Suburan Regions 3.4 0
11 Hill-Romans On The Quirinal 2.5 0
12 Relations Between The Palatine And Quirinal Communities 5 0
5 Original Constitution Of Rome 42.4 35:20
1 Roman House .5 0
2 House-father & His Household 6.2 0
3 Family & Clan 1.5 0
4 Dependents Of Household 1.8 0
5 Roman Community 1.4 0
6 King 5.4 0
7 Community 3.2 0
8 Equality Of Burgesses 2.7 0
9 Burdens Of The Burgesses 2.7 0
10Rights Of The Burgesses 4.4 0
11 Senate 3 0
12 Prerogatives Of Senate. Interregnum 1.8 0
13 Senate And The Resolutions Of The Community: Patrum Auctoritas 2.1 0
14 Senate As State-Council 1.8 0
15 Original Constitution Of Rome 3.8 0
7 Hegemony Of Rome In Latium 21.6 41:40
1 Extension of the Roman Territory 1.1 0
2 Territory on the Anio—Alba 1.4 0
3 Treatment of the Earliest Acquisitons 3.1 0
4 Hegemony of Rome over Latium—Alba 1.6 0
5 Relation of Rome to Latium 5.1 0
6 Extension of the Roman Territory after the Fall of Alba—Hernici—Rutulli and Volscii 1.9 0
7 Enlargement of the City of Rome—Servian Wall 7.2 0
9  Etruscans 14.8 12:20
1 Etruscan Nationality 4.4 0
2 Home of the Etruscans 1.3 0
3 Story of Their Lydian Origin 1.4 0
4 Settlements of the Etruscans in Italy 1 0
5 Etruria 1.1 0
6 Relations of the Etruscans to Latium 2.5 0
7 Tarquins 1.5 0
8 Etruscan Constitution 1.7 0
10  Hellenes In Italy--Maritime Supremacy Of Tuscans & Carthaginians 32.3 26:51
1 Relations of Italy with Other Lands 1.1 0
2 Phoenicians in Italy 2.4 0
3 Greeks in Italy—Home of the Greek Immigrants  3 0
4 Time of the Greek Immigration 3.2 0
5 Character of the Greek Immigration .4 0
6 League of the Achaen Cities 4.1 0
7 Iono-Dorian Towns .9 0
8 Tarentum .9 0
9 Greek Cities Near Vesuvius 1 0
10 Relations of the Adriatic Regions to the Greeks 2 0
11 Relations of the Western Italians to the Greeks 3.1 0
12 Hellenes and Latins 1.7 0
13 Hellenes and Etruscans—Etruscan Maritime Power 1.6 0
14 Etruscan Commerce 1.2 0
15 Rivalry between the Phoenicians and Hellenes 2 0
16 Phoenicians and Italians in Opposition to the Hellenes 3.8 0
12 Religion 37.3 31:05
1 Roman Religion 1 0
2 Oldest Table of Roman Festivals  4.1 0
3 Mars and Jupiter  1.4 0
4 Nature of the Roman Gods 3.9 0
5 Spirits .6 0
6 Priests 3.3 0
7 Colleges of Sacred Lore 1.3 0
8 Under the Roman constitution and that of the Latin communities in general there were originally but two such colleges; that of the augurs and that of the Pontifices. 1.5 0
9 Fetiales 1.3 0
10 Character of the -Cultus 10.4 0
11 Foreign Worships 4 0
12 Religion of the Sabellians .7 0
13 Religion of the Etruscans 3.9 0
14  Measuring And Writing 23.1 19:
1 Italian Measures 1.3 0
2 Decimal System 1.2 0
3 Duodecimal System  1.2 0
4 Hellenic Measures in Italy  1.7 0
5 Italian Calendar before the Period of Greek Influence in Italy 2.6 0
6 The Oldest Italo-Greek Calendar 4.5 0
7 Introduction of Hellenic Alphabets into Italy 3.8 0
8 Development of Alphabets in Italy 4.3 0
9 Results 1 0
10 Corruption of Language and Writing 1.6 0
15 Art 31 25:50
1 Artistic Endowment of the Italians 1.6 0
2 Dance, Music, and Song in Latium  1.7 0
3 Religious Chants  1.4 0
4 Panegyrics and Lampoons .8 0
5 Masked Farce 1.1 0
6 Metre 1.3 0
7 Melody .3 0
8 Masks .8 0
9 Earliest Hellenic Influences 5.1 0
10 Character of Poetry and of Education in Latium 5.2 0
11 Dance, Music, and Song among the Sabellians and Etruscans 1.5 0
12 Earliest Italian Architecture .9 0
13 Earliest Hellenic Influence 4.1 0
14 Plastic Art in Italy 1.7 0
15 Artistic Relations and Endowments of the Etruscans and Italians 3.6 0
2 510 - 290 220 Abolition of Monarchy to Union of Italy 9 384 5:20
2 Tribunate Of Plebs & Decemvirate
38.4 32
1 Material Interests 2.2 0
2 Rising Power of the Capitalists 1.1 0
3 Public Land 3.8 0
4 Relations of the Social Question to the Question between Orders 1.2 0
5 Secession to the Sacred Mount 2.3 0
6 Plebian Tribunes and Plebian Aediles 1.1 0
7 Intercession 3.9 0
8 Legislation 1.6 0
9 Relation of the Tribune to the Consul 2 0
10 Political Value of the Tribunate 2.5 0
11 Further Dissensions .9 0
12 Coriolanus 3.9 0
13 Agrarian Law of Spurius Cassius 1.2 0
14 Decemvirs 3 0
15 Legislation of the Twelve Tables 1.8 0
16 Fall of the Decemvirs 3.6 0
17 Valerio-Horatian Laws 2.6 0
3 Equalization Of Orders & New Aristocracy 53 44:
1 Union of the Plebians 1.6 0
2 Throwing Open of Marriage and of Magistracies. Military Tribunes with Consular Powers 2.4 0
3 Opposition of the Patriciate  .6 0
4 Their Expedients .5 0
5 Censorship .7 0
6 Quaestorship .6 0
7 Attempts at Counterrevolution 1.3 0
8 Intrigues of the Nobility 1.7 0
9 Suffering Farmers 2.9 0
10 Combination of the Plebian Aristocracy and the Farmers against the Nobility. Licinio-Sextian Laws 2.4 0
11 Political Abolition of the Patriciate 1.2 0
12 Praetorship. Curule Aedileship. Complete Opening Up of Magistracies and Priesthoods 2.7 0
13 Equivalence of Law and Plebiscitum .5 0
14 The Later Patricianism 1.6 0
15 Social Distress, and the Attempt to Relieve It .9 0
16 Licinian Agrarian Laws 2.2 0
17 Laws Imposing Taxes. Laws of Credit 1.5 0
18 Continued Distress 1.5 0
19 Influence of the Extension of the Roman Dominion in Elevating the Farmer-Class 1.3 0
20 Civic Equality  1.6 0
21 New Aristocracy 1.3 0
22 New Opposition 1.3 0
23 The New Government .4 0
24 Burgess-Body. Its Composition 2.4 0
25 Increasing Powers of the Burgesses 1.6 0
26 Decreasing Importance of the Burgess-Body 1.6 0
27 Magistrates. Partition and Weakening of the Consular Powers 2.3 0
28 Limitation of the Dictatorship .8 0
29 Restriction as to the Accumulation and the Reoccupation of Offices .8 0
30 Tribunate of the People as an Instrument of Government 3.6 0
31 Senate. Its Composition 2.3 0
32 Powers of the Senate .4 0
33 Its Influence in Legislation .7 0
34 Influence on the Elections 1.4 0
35 Senatorial Government 2.9 0
4 Fall Of Etruscan Power. Celts 31.1 25:55
1 Etrusco-Carthaginian Maritime Supremacy .8 0
2 Subjugation of Latium by Etruria .8 0
3 Etruscans Driven Back from Latium. Fall of the Etrusco-Carthaginian Maritime Supremacy. Victories of Salamis and Himera, and Their Effects 2.1 0
4 Maritime Supremacy of the Tarentines and Syracusans. Dionysius of Syracuse  3.2 0
5 Romans Opposed to the Etruscans in Veii 1.1 0
6 Samnites Opposed to the Etruscans in Campania .7 0
7 A new nation was knocking at the gates of the Alps: it was the Celts; and their first pressure fell on the Etruscans. 2.9 0
8 Celtic Migrations. The Celts Assail the Etruscans in Northern Italy 2.5 0
9 Attack on Etruria by the Romans 1.4 0
10 Conquest of Veii 2.2 0
11 Celts Attack Rome. Battle on the Allia. Capture of Rome 4.4 0
12 Fruitlessness of the Celtic Victory 2.5 0
13 Further Conquests of Rome in Etruria. South Etruria Roman 1.8 0
14 Pacification of Northern Italy 2.4 0
15 Etruria Proper at Peace and on the Decline 2.3 0
5 Subjugation Of Latins & Campanians By Rome 28.9 24:
1 Hegemony of Rome over Latium Shaken and Re-established .9 0
2 Original Equality of Rights between Rome and Latium 1.2 0
3 Encroachments on That Equality of Rights.As to Wars and Treaties. As to Officering of the Army.As to Acquisitions in War  1.2 0
4 Private Rights 2.1 0
5 Extension of Rome and Latium to the East and South 1.1 0
6 At the Expense of the Aequi and Volsci. League with the Hernici 2.5 0
7 Crises within the Romano-Latin League 1.9 0
8 Renewal of the Treaties of Alliance .5 0
9 Closing of the Latin Confederation 1.6 0
10 Fixing of the Limits of Latium .4 0
11 Isolation of the Later Latin Cities as Respected Private Rights  .5 0
12 Prevention of Special Leagues .4 0
13 Revision of the Municipal Constitutions. Police Judges .7 0
14 Domination of the Romans; Exasperation of the Latins. Collision between the Romans and the Samnites 1.8 0
15 Conquests of the Samnites in the South of Italy 3.3 0
16 Relations between the Samnites and the Greeks .5 0
17 Campanian Hellenism 1.9 0
18 Samnite Confederacy .7 0
19 Submission of Capua to Rome. Rome and Samnium Come to Terms. Revolt of the Latins and Campanians against Rome. Victory of the Romans. Dissolution of the Latin League. Colonization of the Land of the Volsci 3.8 0
20 Complete Submission of the Volscian and Campanian Provinces 1.4 0
21 Inaction of the Samnites .9 0
6 Struggle Of Italians Against Rome 37.4 31:
1 Wars between the Sabellians and Tarentines. Archidamus. Alexander the Molossian 2.8 0
2 Coalition of the Italians against Rome 1.6 0
3 Outbreak of War between Samnium and Rome. Pacification of Campania  1.5 0
4 Alliance between the Romans and Lucanians .4 0
5 War in Samnium. The Caudine Pass and the Caudine Peace 4.3 0
6 Victory of the Romans 3.1 0
7 New Fortresses in Apulia and Campania 1.2 0
8 Intervention of the Tarentines 2.6 0
9 Accession of the Etruscans to the Coalition. Victory at the Vadimonian Lake 1.4 0
10 Last Campaigns in Samnium 2.5 0
11 Peace with Samnium .4 0
12 And with Tarentum 2.1 0
13 Consolidation of the Roman Rule in Central Italy 3.5 0
14 Renewed Outbreak of the Samnite-Etruscan War. Junction of the Troops of the Coalition in Etruria  3.8 0
15 Battle of Sentinum. Peace with Etruria 1.4 0
16 Last Struggles of Samnium 4.6 0
7  Struggle Between Pyrrhus And Rome, And Union Of Italy 76.9 64:05
1 Relations between the East and West 2.7 0
2 Historical Position of Pyrrhus 3.4 0
3 Character and Earlier History of Pyrrhus 4.1 0
4 Rising of the Italians against Rome. The Lucanians. The Etruscans and Celts. The Samnites. The Senones Annihilated 2.6 0
5 Boii 1.7 0
6 Breach between Rome and Tarentum  1.9 0
7 Attempts at Peace 1.8 0
8 Pyrrhus Summoned to Italy 1.1 0
9 Landing of Pyrrhus .6 0
10 Pyrrhus and the Coalition 1.8 0
11 Preparations in Rome. Commencement of the Conflict in Lower Italy 1.9 0
12 Battle near Heraclea 3.1 0
13 Attempts at Peace 2.1 0
14 Pyrrhus Marches against Rome 1.5 0
15 Second Year of the War .9 0
16 Battle of Ausculum 3.9 0
17 Relations of Sicily, Syracuse, and Carthage. Pyrrhus Invited to Syracuse 1.1 0
18 League between Rome and Carthage. Third Year of the War 2.8 0
19 Embarkation of Pyrrhus for Sicily. The War in Italy Flags 1.7 0
20 Pyrrhus Master of Sicily 2 0
21 Sicilian Government of Pyrrhus 1.1 0
22 Departure of Pyrrhus to Italy .8 0
23 Fall of the Sicilian Kingdom. Recommencement of the Italian War 1.5 0
24 Battle near Beneventum. Pyrrhus Leaves Italy. Death of Pyrrhus 1.5 0
25 Last Struggles in Italy. Capture of Tarentum 1.7 0
26 Submission of Lower Italy 1.1 0
27 Construction of New Fortresses and Roads .9 0
28 Maritime Relations .8 0
29 Decline of the Roman Naval Power 2.6 0
30 Roman Fortification of the Coast  3.2 0
31 Quaestors of the Fleet. Variance between Rome and Carthage 1 0
32 Rome and the Greek Naval Powers 2 0
33 Full Roman Franchise 2 0
34 Subject Communities .8 0
35 Latins 3.7 0
36 Non-Latin Allied Communities .4 0
37 Dissolution of National Leagues. Furnishing of Contingents 1.6 0
38 System of Government. Division and Classification of the Subjects 1.3 0
39 Aristocratic Remodelling of the Constitutions of the Italian Communities 1.6 0
40 Moderation of the Government 1 0
41 Intermediate Functionaries. Valuation of the Empire .8 0
42 Italy and the Italians 1.3 0
43 Earliest Boundaries of the Italian Confederacy .5 0
44 First Steps towards the Latininzing of Italy. New Position of Rome as a Great Power 1.5 0
8 Law, Religion, Military System, Economic Condition, Nationality 42.1 35:05
1 Development of Law 3.4 0
2 Modifications in the Laws  1.5 0
3 Administration of Justice. Code of Common Law. New Judicial Functionaries 1.6 0
4 Changes in Procedure 2.6 0
5 Religion. New Gods 1.9 0
6 Sacerdotal System .6 0
7 Military System. Manipular Legion. Entrenchment of Camp. Cavalry. Officers. Military Discipline. Training and Classes of Soldiers. Military Value of the Manipular Legion 4.9 0
8 Origin of the Manipular Legion 1.2 0
9 National Economy. The Farmers. Farming of Estates  1.9 0
10 Inland Intercourse in Italy 5.4 0
11 Capital in Rome 1.5 0
12 Development of Rome as A Great City .9 0
13 Urban Police .7 0
14 Building. Impulse Given to It  1.8 0
15 Embellishment of the City 1.3 0
16 Silver Standard of Value 1.4 0
17 Extension of the Latin Nationality 1.7 0
18 Progress of Hellenism in Italy. Adoption of Greek Habits at the Table 3.8 0
19 Rome and the Romans of This Epoch .2.1 0
20 Appius Claudius 2.1 0
9 Art & Science 40 33:20
1 Roman National Festival. The Roman Stage 1.9 0
2 Ballad Singers, Satura. Censure of Art  2.8 0
3 Roman Historical Composition .2 0
4 Registers of Magistrates 2.3 0
5 Capitoline Era .2 0
6 Annals 2.1 0
7 Family Pedigrees .9 0
8 Roman Early History of Rome 3.6 0
9 Hellenic Early History of Rome 1.4 0
10 Stesichorus 1.5 0
11 Timaeus 2.8 0
12 Jurisprudence .7 0
13 Opinions. Table of Formulae for Actions  1.2 0
14 Language .6 0
15 Technical Style  .4 0
16 Philology 1.7 0
17 Instruction .7 0
18 Exact Sciences. Regulation of the Calendar 1.5 0
19 Structural and Plastic Art .9 0
20 Architecture. Etruscan .5 0
21 Latin. The Arch  2 0
22 Plastic and Delineative Art 1.5 0
23 Campanian and Sabellian 1 0
24 Latin 3.3 0
25 Character of Etruscan Art 1.6 0
26 North Etruscan and South Etruscan Art 1 0
27 Character of Latin Art 2.1 0
 
3 290 - 146 144 Union of Italy to Subjugation of Carthage & Greek States 753 10:25
2 War Between Rome And Carthage Concerning Sicily 55.1 45:55
1 State of Sicily .9 0
2 Campanian Mercenaries  1 0
3 Mammertines .9 0
4 Hiero of Syracuse. War between the Syracusans and the Mammertines 2.4 0
5 Mammertines Received into the Italian Confederacy 3.2 0
6 Variance between Rome & Carthage. Carthaginians in Messana. Messana Seized by Romans. War between Romans & Carthaginians & Syracusans 3.4 0
7 Peace with Hiero 1.7 0
8 Capture of Agrigentum 1.6 0
9 Beginning of the Maritime War. Romans Build a Fleet 4.4 0
10 Naval Victory at Mylae 1.5 0
11 The War on the Coasts of Sicily and Sardinia 2.1 0
12 Attack on Africa. Naval Victory of Ecnomus 2.4 0
13 Landing of Regulus in Africa 1.4 0
14 Vain Negotiations for Peace .5 0
15 Preparations of Carthage 1.2 0
16 Defeat of Regulus 1.9 0
17 Evacuation of Africa 1.3 0
18 Recommencement of the War in Sicily 1.8 0
19 Suspension of the Maritime War. Roman Victory at Panormus 1.1 0
20 Siege of Lilybaeum  1.7 0
21 Defeat of the Roman Fleet before Drepana. Annililation of the Roman Transport Fleet 3 0
22 Perplexity of the Romans 2.3 0
23 Petty War in Sicily. Hamilcar Barcas 2.5 0
24 A Fleet Built by the Romans. Victory of Catulus at the Island Aegusa 2.1 0
25 Conclusion of Peace 3.4 0
26 Remarks on the Roman Conduct of the War 5.5 0
4 Hamilcar And Hannibal 44.8 37:20
1 Situation of Carthage after the Peace 1.6 0
2 War Party and Peace Party in Carthage 3.7 0
3 Hamilcar Commander-in-Chief  1.3 0
4 Hamilcar's War Projects. The Army. The Citizens 2.7 0
5 Hamilcar Proceed to Spain. Spanish Kingdom of the Barcides 2.5 0
6 Carthaginian Government and the Barcides .6 0
7 Roman Government and the Barcides 3.3 0
8 Hannibal 3.2 0
9 Rupture between Rome and Carthage 3.1 0
10 Preparations for Attacking Italy 2.5 0
11 Method of Attack 2.6 0
12 Departure of Hannibal  1.1 0
13 Position of Rome. Their Uncertain Plans for War 2.2 0
14 Hannibal on the Ebro 1.3 0
15 Hannibal in Gaul. Scipio at Massilia. Passage of the Rhone 4 0
16 Hannibal's Passage of the Alps 7.5 0
17 Results 1.7 0
5 War Under Hannibal To Battle Of Cannae 43.8 36:30
1 Hannibal and the Italian Celts 2.8 0
2 Scipio in the Valley of the Po. Conflict on the Ticino. The Armies at Placentia 2.9 0
3 Battle on the Trebia 2.9 0
4 Hannibal Master of Northern Italy .8 0
5 Military and Political Position of Hannibal 2.4 0
6 Hannibal Crosses the Apennines 1.6 0
7 Flaminius 1.7 0
8 Battle on the Trasimene Lake 2 0
9 Hannibal on the East Coast. Reorganization of the Carthaginian Army  1 0
10 War in Lower Italy. Fabius  1.8 0
11 March to Capua and Back to Apulia. War in Apulia  2.4 0
12 Fabius and Minucius 3 0
13 New War-like Preparations in Rome. Paullus and Varro 1.8 0
14 Battle at Cannae 5.7 0
15 Consequences of the Battle of Cannae. Prevention of Reinforcements from Spain 1.3 0
16 Reinforcements from Spain .9 0
17 Alliance between Carthage and Macedonia .6 0
18 Alliance between Carthage and Syracuse  1.1 0
19 Capua and Most of the Communities of Lower Italy Pass over to Hannibal 2.4 0
20 Attitude of the Romans 4.8 0
6 War Under Hannibal From Cannae To Zama 92.4 1:17
1 Crisis 1.9 0
2 Marcellus 1.3 0
3 Hannibal Proceeds to Campania  1.1 0
4 Renewal of the War in Campania. The War in Apulia 2.8 0
5 Hannibal Reduced to the Defensive. His Prospects as to Reinforcements 3.1 0
6 Sending of Reinforcements Temporarily Frustrated 2.1 0
7 War in Sicily. Siege of Syracuse 1.8 0
8 Carthaginian Expedition to Sicily. The Carthaginian Troops Destroyed. Conquest of Syracuse 3.3 0
9 Guerilla War in Sicily. Agrigentum Occupied by the Romans. Sicily Tranquillized 2 0
10 Philip of Macedonia and His Delay  2.9 0
11 Rome Heads a Greek Coalition against Macedonia 1.4 0
12 Resultless Warfare. Peace between Philip and the Greeks. Peace between Philip and Rome 2.7 0
13 Spanish War 1.6 0
14 Successes of the Scipios. Syphax against Carthage 1.6 0
15 Scipios Defeated and Killed. Spain South of the Ebro Lost to the Romans. Nero Sent to Spain 3.3 0
16 Publius Scipio 3.3 0
17 Scipio Goes to Spain. Capture of New Carthage 3.3 0
18 Scipio Goes to Andalusia. Hasdrubal Crosses the Pyrenees 1.4 0
19 Spain Conquered. Mago Goes to Italy. Gades Becomes Roman 3 0
20 Italian War. Position of the Armies 2.8 0
21 Conflicts in the South of Italy .7 0
22 Arpi Acquired by the Romans .4 0
23 Tarentum Taken by Hannibal 1 0
24 Conflicts around Capua 2.4 0
25 Hannibal Marches toward Rome 1.7 0
26 Capua Capitulates 1.4 0
27 Superiority of the Romans. Tarentum Capitulates 3 0
28 Hannibal Driven Back. Death of Marcellus .7 0
29 Pressure of the War 2.3 0
30 Allies 1.6 0
31 Hasdrubal's Approach .9 0
32 New Armaments. Hasdrubal and Hannibal on the March 2.3 0
33 Battle of Sena. Death of Hasdrubal 1 0
34 Hannibal Retires to the Bruttian Territory .9 0
35 Stagnation of the War in Italy 1.9 0
36 Mago in Italy .7 0
37  African Expedition of Scipio 4.1 0
38 Preparations in Africa 1.1 0
39 Scipio Driven Back to the Coast. Surprise of the Carthaginian Camp 1.7 0
40 Negotiations for Peace. Machinations of the Carthaginian Patriots 1.7 0
41 Hannibal Recalled to Africa 1.4 0
42 Recommencement of Hostilities 1 0
43 Battle of Zama 1.6 0
44 Peace 3.1 0
45 Results of the War 1 0
46 Out of Italy .6 0
47 In Italy 5.8 0
7 West From Peace Of Hannibal To Close Of 3rd Period 32.3 41:40
1 Subjugation of the Valley of the Po 2.7 0
2 Measures Adopted to Check the Immigrations of the Transalpine Gauls  1.8 0
3 Colonizing of the Region on the South of the Po 2.1 0
4 Liguria 1.7 0
5 Corsica. Sardinia .5 0
6 Carthage 2.3 0
7 Hannibal. Reform of the Carthaginian Constitution. Hannibal's Flight 2.3 0
8 Continued Irritation in Rome towards Carthage 2 0
9 Numidians 2 0
10 Massinissa 1.2 0
11 Extension and Civilization of Numidia 1.7 0
12 State of Culture in Spain 4.2 0
13 Wars between the Romans and Spaniards 1.1 0
14 Romans Maintain a Standing Army in Spain. Cato. Gracchus 4.4 0
15 Administration of Spain 2.5 0
8 Eastern States & 2nd Macedonian War
64 53:20
1 Hellenic East .6 0
2 Great States. Macedonia 2.7 0
3 Asia 1.4 0
4 Egypt 2.9 0
5 Kingdoms of Asia Minor .7 0
6 Celts of Asia Minor .9 0
7 Pergamus  1.1 0
8 Greece. Epirots, Acarnanians, Boeotians .9 0
9 The Athenians  .3 0
10 Aetolians .6 0
11 Achaeans .5 0
12 Sparta, Elis, Messene .8 0
13 League of the Greek Cities. Rhodes 2.7 0
14 Philip, King of Macedonia 2.6 0
15 Macedonia and Asia Attack Egypt  2.1 0
16 Rhodian Hansa and Pergamus Oppose Philip 3.4 0
17 Diplomatic Intervention of Rome 2.3 0
18 Preparations and Pretexts for Second Macedonian War 2.5 0
19 Progress of the War 2.5 0
20 Declaration of War by Rome 1.4 0
21 Roman League 2.8 0
22 Landing of the Romans in Macedonia 1.9 0
23 Attempt of the Romans to Invade Macedonia 3.2 0
24 Return of the Romans 2.3 0
25 Philip Encamps on the Aous. Flaminius. Philip Driven Back to Tempe. Greece in the Power of the Romans 2.7 0
26 Achaeans Enter into Alliance with Rome 2.1 0
27 Vain Attempts to Arrange a Peace 1.5 0
28 Philip Proceed to Thessaly. Battle of Cynoscephalae 3.5 0
29 Preliminaries of Peace 1.1 0
30 Peace with Macedonia  1 0
31 Greece Free .8 0
32 Scodra. Achaean League Enlarged. Aetolians 1.1 0
33 War against Nabis of Sparta 1.6 0
34 Settlement of Spartan Affairs 2.1 0
35 Final Regulation of Greece 2 0
36 Results 2 0
9 War With Antiochus Of Asia 53.5 41:40
1 Antiochus the Great 2.6 0
2 Difficulties with Rome 4.5 0
3 Preparations of Antiochus for War with Rome 1.5 0
4 Aetolian Intrigues against Rome 2.5 0
5 Rupture between Antiochus and the Romans 1.8 0
6 Attitude of the Minor Powers. Carthage and Hannibal 1.1 0
7 States of Asia Minor .5 0
8 Macedonia .7 0
9 Lesser Greek States 1 0
10 Antiochus in Greece .8 0
11 Landing of the Romans 1.3 0
12 Battle at Thermopylae. Greece Occupied by the Romans. Resistance of the Aetolians 2.1 0
13 Maritime War, and Preparations for Crossing to Asia. Polyxenidas and Pausistratus. Engagement off Aspendus. Battle of Myonnesus 5.3 0
14 Expedition to Asia 1.6 0
15 Passage of the Hellespont by the Romans 1.8 0
16 Battle of Magnesia 2.7 0
17 Conclusion of Peace. Expedition against the Celts of Asia Minor. Regulation of the Affairs of Asia Minor 6.1 0
18 Armenia .2 0
19 Cappadocia .2 0
20 Bithynia .3 0
21 Free Greek Cities 1 0
22 Extension of the Kingdom of Pergamus 2.2 0
23 Settlement of Greece. Conflicts and Peace with the Aetolians 1.5 0
24 Macedonia 1.5 0
25 Achaeans 1.1 0
26 Achaean Patriots 2 0
27 Quarrels between Achaeans and Spartans 2.3 0
28 Death of Hannibal 1.9 0
29 Death of Scipio 1.6 0
10 3rd Macedonian War 49.6 41:20
1 Dissatisfactions of Philip with Rome 3.3 0
2 Latter Years of Philip  1.7 0
3 King Perseus 2 0
4 Resources of Macedonia 1.9 0
5 Attempted Coalition against Rome 1 0
6 Bastarnae. Genthius  1.3 0
7 Cotys .5 0
8 Greek National Party 3.5 0
9 Rupture with Perseus 2.9 0
10 Preparations for War 1 0
11 Beginning of the War .6 0
12 Romans Invade Thessaly .8 0
13 Their Lax and Unsuccessful Management of the War 2.3 0
14 Abuses in the Army 1.4 0
15 Marcius Enters Macedonia through the Pass of Tempe. The Armies on the Elpius 2.9 0
16 Paullus  .7 0
17 Perseus Is Driven Back to Pydna. Battle of Pydna. Perseus Taken Prisoner  1.4 0
18 Defeat and Capture of Genthius .3 0
19 Macedonia Broken Up 1.6 0
20 Illyria Broken Up .5 0
21 Cotys .3 0
22 Humiliation of the Greeks in General
Course Pursued with Pergamus 3.6 0
23 Humiliation of Rhodes 3.4 0
24 Intervention in the Syro-Egyptian War 1.8 0
25 Measures of Security in Greece 2.4 0
26 Rome and Her Dependencies 2.7 0
27 Italian and Extra-Italian Policy of Rome 2.9 0
11 Government & Governed 7 4.2 61:50
1 Formation of New Parties 1.6 0
2 Germs of the Nobility in the Patriciate 1.2 0
3 Patricio-Plebian Nobility 1.6 0
4 The Nobility in Possession of the Senate 1.1 0
5 Nobility in Possession of the Equestrian Centuries 1.9 0
6 Separation of the Orders in the Theatre .7 0
7 Censorship a Prop of the Nobility 1.8 0
8 Remodelling of the Constitution According to the Views of the Nobility. Inadequate Number of Magistrates .9 0
9 Election of Officers in the Comitia 1.4 0
10 Restrictions on the Election of Consuls and Censors 3.2 0
11 Family Government .9 0
12 Government of the Nobility. Internal Administration 1 0
13Decline in the Administration .9 0
14As to Military Discipline and Administration of Justice 1.2 0
15As to the Management of Finances 4.8 0
16Italian Subjects. Passive Burgesses .8 0
17Dediticii .5 0
18Allies .6 0
19Latins 2.2 0
20Roman Franchise More Difficult of Acquisition 2.9 0
21 Provinces 1.2 0
22 Position of the Governors 2.7 0
23 Control over the Governors. Supervision of the Senate over the Provinces and Their Governors 4.2 0
24 The Opposition  .5 0
25 Character of the Roman Burgess-Body 3.2 0
26 Rise of a City Rabble 1.7 0
27 Systematic Corruption of the Multitude. Distributions of Grain 1 0
28 Festivals 2.2 0
29 Squandering of the Spoil 1 0
30 Decline of Warlike Spirit .8 0
31 Title-Hunting 2.7 0
32 Party of Reform. Cato 3.4 0
33 Police Reform .8 0
34 Assignations of Land 1.1 0
35 Reforms in the Military Service 1.4 0
36 Reform of the Centuries 4.7 0
37 Results of the Efforts at Reform .9 0
38 Demagogism .9 0
39 Abolition of the Dictatorship 1 0
40 Election of Priests by the Community .8 0
41 Interference of the Community in War and Administration 1.1 0
42 Interference of the Community with the Finances 1.2 0
43 Nullity of the Comitia 1.4 0
44 Disorganisation of Government 3.9 0
12 Management Of Land And Of Capital
45.1 37:35
1 Roman Economics .9 0
2 Farming of Estates. Their Size  .5 0
3 Management of the Estate. Object of Husbandry 2.4 0
4 Means of Husbandry. Cattle  .5 0
5 Slaves 2.1 0
6 Other Labourers .9 0
7 Spirit of the System 3.3 0
8 Husbandry of the Petty Farmers. Pastoral Husbandry 1.8 0
9 Results. Competition of Transmarine Corn  3 0
10 Prices of Italian Corn .9 0
11 Revolution in Roman Agriculture 1 0
12 Decay of the Farmers .4 0
13 Culture of Oil and Wine, and Rearing of Cattle 2.9 0
14 Management of Money .8 0
15 Moneylending .7 0
16 Speculation of Contractors .6 0
17 Commerce. Manufacturing Industry 1.5 0
18 Management of Business by Slaves 1.2 0
19 Extent of Roman Mercantile Transactions. Coins and Moneys  2.5 0
20 Roman Wealth .9 0
21 Mercantile Spirit 3.1 0
22 Associations 1.8 0
23 Moneyed Aristocracy 1.6 0
24 Sterility of the Capitalist Question  1.2 0
25 Capitalists and Public Opinion 1.6 0
26 Reaction of the Capitalist System on Agriculture 2.7 0
27 Development of Italy 2 0
28 Falling Off in the Population 3 0
14 Literature & Art 94.5 41:40
1 Knowledge of Languages 4.8 0
2 Stage under Greek Influence 1.2 0
3 Rise of a Roman Literature 1.8 0
4 Livius Andronicus 2.5 0
5 Drama. Theatre .9 0
6 Audience 2.6 0
7 Comedy .7 0
8 Character of the Newer Attic Comedy 7.4 0
9 Roman Comedy. Its Hellenism a Necessary Result of the Law 1.8 0
10 Political Neutrality 2.3 0
11 Character of the Editing of Roman Comedy. Persons and Situations 2.4 0
12 Construction of the Plot  1.4 0
13 Roman Barbarism 1.2 0
14 Metrical Treatment .5 0
15 Scenic Arrangements 1.3 0
16 Aesthetic Result 1.2 0
17 Naevius 4.4 0
18 Caecilius 1 0
19 Moral Result 2.2 0
20 National Comedy. Titinius 1.5 0
21 Tragedies. Euripides 6.2 0
22 Roman Tragedy 2.1 0
23 Moral Effect of Tragedy 3.4 0
24 National Dramas 1.4 0
25 Recitative Poetry .7 0
26 Satura 1.4 0
27 Metrical Annals. Naevius 1.1 0
28 Ennius  3 0
29 Prose Literature  1 0
30 Writing of History 2.4 0
31 History of the Origin of Rome 2.1 0
32 Earlier History 1.5 0
33 Contemporary History .6 0
34 Speeches and Letters .6 0
35 History of Other Nations .4 0
36 Uncritical Treatment of History 1.7 0
37 Science .4 0
38 Grammar .9 0
39 Rhetoric and Philosophy 1.3 0
40 Medicine 1 0
41 Mathematics 1 0
42 Agriculture and the Art of War .4 0
43 Jurisprudence .8 0
44 Cato's Encyclopaedia 1 0
45 Character and Historical Position of Roman Literature .6 0
46 Hellenizing Literature 7.5 0
47 National Opposition 4.4 0
48 Architecture 1.2 0
49 Plastic Art and Painting 2.2 0
 
4  146 - 82 64 Revolution  13 741 10:17:30
1 Subject Countries Down To The Times Of The Gracchi 104.7 1:27:
1 Subjects .8 0
2 Spain 1.4 0
3 Lusitanian War  1.2 0
4 Celtiberian War 2.3 0
5 Marcellus 1.7 0
6 Lucullus 2.3 0
7 Variathus 2.3 0
8 His Successors 3.3 0
9 His Death 1.2 0
10 Numantia 2.1 0
11 Mancinus 2.6 0
12 Scipio Aemilianus 3.5 0
13 Callaeci Conquered. New Organization of Spain 2.2 0
14 Protected States 4.3 0
15 Carthage and Numidia 1.3 0
16 Destruction of Carthage Resolved on at Rome 1.5 0
17 War between Massinissa and Carthage 2.7 0
18 Declaration of War by Rome 3 0
19 Resistance of the Carthaginians 2.4 0
20 Situation of Carthage 3.4 0
21 Siege 3.8 0
22 Scipio Aemilianus 4.6 0
23 Capture of the City 2.4 0
24 Destruction of Carthage 1.1 0
25 Province of Africa 2.1 0
26 Macedonia and the Pseudo-Phillip. Victory of Metellus 2.8 0
27 Province of Macedonia 2.3 0
28 Greece 1.7 0
29 Achaean War 6 0
30 Province of Achaia 1.9 0
31 Destruction of Corinth 2.9 0
32 Kingdom of Pergamus 3.1 0
33 Province of Asia. War against Aristonicus 2.8 0
34 Western Asia. Cappadocia .9 0
35 Pontus 1.2 0
36 Syria and Egypt 3.3 0
37 India, Bactria .7 0
38 Decline of the Kingdom of Asia 1.2 0
39 Jews 1.2 0
40 Parthian Empire 3.7 0
41 Reaction of the East against the West 1.1 0
42 Maritime Relations. Piracy 1.4 0
43 Crete 1.3 0
44 Cilicia 1.1 0
45 General Result 5.1 0
2 Reform Movement And Tiberius Gracchus 48.6 40:30
1 Roman Government before the Period of the Gracchi .7 0
2 Spread of Decay  2.3 0
3 Attempts at Reform. Permanent Criminal Commissions. Vote by Ballot. Exclusion of Senators from Equestrian Centuries. Public Elections 4.6 0
4 Optimates and Populares 1.2 0
5 Social Crisis 1.9 0
6 Slavery and Its Consequences 4.8 0
7 Insurrection of the Slaves. First Sicilian Slave War  3.5 0
8 Italian Farmers 3.5 0
9 Ideas of Reform. Scipio Aemilianus 4.3 0
10 Tiberius Gracchus 3.3 0
11 Tribunate of Gracchus. His Agrarian Law 4.6 0
12 Further Plans of Gracchus 1.6 0
13 He Solicits Re-election to the Tribunate .8 0
14 Death of Gracchus 2.3 0
15 Domain Question Viewed in Itself 3.1 0
16 Domain Question before the Burgesses 4.5 0
17 Results 1.1 0
3 Revolution And Gaius Gracchus 46.8 39
1 Commisssion for Distributing the Domains 2.9 0
2 Its Suspension by Scipio Aemilianus 1.9 0
3 Assassination of Aemilianus  2.9 0
4 Democratic Agitation under Carbo and Flaccus 1.7 0
5 Destruction of Fregallae 1.5 0
6 Gaius Gracchus 2.1 0
7 Alterations on the Constituion by Gaius Gracchus. Distribution of Grain. Change in the Order of Voting 1.8 0
8 Agrarian Laws. Colony of Capua. Transmarine Colonialization  1.6 0
9 Modifications of the Penal Law 3 0
10 Elevation of the Equestrian Order  2.6 0
11 Insignia of the Equites .9 0
12 Taxation of Asia  1.2 0
13 Jury Courts 1.9 0
14 Monarchical Government Substituted for That of the Senate 3.2 0
15 Character of the Constitution of Gaius Gracchus 5.8 0
16 Question As to the Allies 2.3 0
17 Overthrow of Gracchus 1.3 0
18 Rival Demagogism of the Senate. Livian Laws 2.3 0
19 Attack on the Transmarine Colonialization. Downfall of Gracchus  5.8 0
4  Rule Of The Restoration 54 45
1 Vacancy in the Government .9 0
2 Restored Aristocracy .8 0
3 Prosecutions of the Democrats  1.3 0
4 Domain Question under the Restoration 3.7 0
5 Proletariate and the Equestrian Order under the Restoration 2 0
6 Men of the Restoration 1.7 0
7 Marcus Aemilius Scaurus 1.7 0
8 Administration under the Restoration. Social State of Italy 1.3 0
9 Provinces. Occupation of Cilicia 1.2 0
10 Revolt of the Slaves .6 0
11 Second Sicilian Slave-War 2.5 0
12 Athenion 1.5 0
13 Aquillius 1.7 0
14 Dependent States .6 0
15 Numidia. Jugurtha 1.6 0
16 War for the Numidian Succession 2.5 0
17 Siege of Cirta 1.9 0
18 Roman Intervention. Treaty between Rome and Numidia 3.4 0
19 Cancelling of the Treaty. Declaration of War. Capitulation of the Romans. Second Peace 1.6 0
20 Dissatisfaction in the Capital 1.5 0
21 Cancelling of the Second Treaty. Metellus Appointed to the Command. Renewal of the War 2.2 0
22 Battle on the Muthul 2.1 0
23 Numidia Occupied by the Romans 2.6 0
24 War in the Desert. Mauretanian Complications 1.6 0
25 Marius Commander-in-Chief 1.8 0
26 Conflicts without Result 2.3 0
27 Negotiations with Bocchus 1.5 0
28 Surrender and Execution of Jugurtha 1.7 0
29 Reorganization of Numidia .8 0
30  Political Issues 3.8 0
5 Peoples Of The North 45.7 38:05
1 Relations of Rome to North. Country between the Alps and Pyrenees. Conflicts with Ligurians and Salassi 2.4 0
2 Transalpine Relations of Rome. The Arverni  1.3 0
3 War with Allobroges and Arverni 2.6 0
4 Province of Narbo 1 0
5 Roman Settlements in the Region of the Rhone .8 0
6  Advance of the Romans Checked by the Policy of the Restoration .8 0
7 Illyria. Dalmatians. Their Subjugation 2.1 0
8 Romans in Macedonia and Thrace .7 0
9 Tribes at Sources of Rhine and along Danube. Helvetii. Boii. Taurisci. Cerni. Raeti, Euganei, Veneti  2.1 0
10 Illyrian Peoples. Japydes. Scordisci  1.3 0
11 Conflicts on the Frontier. In the Alps  .9 0
12 In Thrace .2 0
13 In Illyria  1.4 0
14 Romans Cross the Eastern Alps and Reach the Danube 1.7 0
15 The Cimbri  4.8 0
16 Cimbrian Movements and Conflicts. Defeat of Carbo  1.5 0
17 Defeat of Silanus .7 0
18 Inroad of the Helvetii into Southern Gaul. Defeat of Longinus 1.6 0
19 Defeat of Arausio 2.8 0
20 Roman Opposition. Warfare of Prosecutions 2.8 0
21 Marius Commander-in-Chief 1.9 0
22 Roman Defensive 1.2 0
23 Cimbri, Teutones, and Helvetii Unite. Expedition to Italy Resolved on. Teutones in the Province of Gaul 2.5 0
24 Battle of Aquae Sextiae 1.3 0
25 Cimbrians in Italy 2.4 0
26 Battle on the Raudine Plain 1.3 0
27  Victory and the Parties 2.1 0
6 Attempt Of Marius At Revolution & Attempt Of Drusus At Reform 47.9 39:55
1 Marius 3.4 0
2 Political Position of Marius  2.6 0
3 New Military Organization 5.6 0
4 Political Significance of the Marian Military Reform 2.3 0
5 Political Projects of Marius 3.1 0
6 Popular Party 1.7 0
7 Glaucia. Saturninus 2.9 0
8 Appuleian Laws 3.4 0
9 Violent Proceedings in the Voting 1.2 0
10 Fall of the Revolutionary Party .7 0
11 Opposition of the Whole Aristocracy 1.4 0
12 Variance between Marius and the Demogogues 2.1 0
13 Saturninus Isolated. Saturninus Assailed and Overpowered  2.7 0
14 Ascendency of the Government. Marius Politically Annihilated 1.8 0
15 Equestrian Party 3.4 0
16 Collision between the Senate and Equites in the Administration of the Provinces 3 0
17 Livius Drusus 2.4 0
18 Attempt at Reform on the Part of the Moderate Party 3.1 0
19 Discussions on the Livian Laws 1.1 0
7  Revolt Of Italian Subjects & Sulpician Revolution 73.9 1:01:35
1 Romans and Italians 1.7 0
2 Disabilities and Wrongs of the Subjects  3.5 0
3 Rupture. Fregellan War. Difficulty of a General Insurrection  1.4 0
4 Italian and the Roman Parties .8 0
5 Italians and the Oligarchy. Licinio-Mucian Law 1.5 0
6 The Italians and Drusus  1.5 0
7 Preparations for General Revolt against Rome 2.6 0
8 Outbreak of the Insurrection in Asculum. Marsians and Sabellians. Central and Southern Italy 1.2 0
9 Italians Friendly to Rome 1.6 0
10 Impression As to the Insurrection in Rome. Rejection of the Proposals for an Accomodation. Commission of High Treason 1.8 0
11 Energetic Decrees .8 0
12 Political Organizatin of the Insurrection. Opposition—Rome 2.9 0
13 Warlike Preparations .8 0
14 Subdivision of the Armies on Either Side 2.1 0
15 Commencement of War. Fortresses. Caesar in Campania and Samnium. Aesernia Taken by Insurgents. As also Nola. Campania for Most Part Lost to Romans 2.7 0
16 Combats with the Marsians. Defeat and Death of Lupus 2.5 0
17 Picenian War .8 0
18 Umbro-Etruscan Conflicts .5 0
19 Disadvantageous Aggregate Result of the First Year of the War 1.1 0
20 Despondency of the Romans 1.4 0
21 Revolution in Political Processes .7 0
22 Bestowal of the Franchise on the Italians Who Remained Faithful— or Submitted 1.5 0
23 Bestowal of Latin Rights on the Italian Celts 2.8 0
24 Second Year of the War. Etruria and Umbria Tranquillized 1.3 0
25 War in Picenum. Asculum Besieged And Conquered. Subjugation of the Sabellians and Marsians 2.2 0
26 Subjugation of Campania As Far As Nola. Sulla in Samnium 1.3 0
27 Insurrection on the Whole Overpowered 1.2 0
28 Perseverance of the Samnites 1 0
29 Outbreak of the Mithradatic War 1.2 0
30 Third Campaign. Capture of Venusia. Fall of Silo 1.1 0
31 Ferment in Rome. Bestowal of Franchise and Its Limitations. Secondary Effect of Political Prosecutions. Marius 2.4 0
32 Decay of Military Discipline 1.1 0
33 Economic Crisis. Murder of Asellio 1.6 0
34 Sulpician Laws. Sulpicius Rufus 2.3 0
35 Tendency of These Laws 2.9 0
36 Resistance of the Government. Riots. Position of Sulla 1.6 0
37 Marius Nominated Commander-in-Chief in Sulla's Stead 1.3 0
38 Sulla's Recall 1.2 0
39 Sulla's March on Rome 1.2 0
40 Rome Occupied 1 0
41 First Sullan Restoration. Death of Sulpicius. Flight of Marius 2.8 0
42 Legislation of Sulla 4.6 0
43 New Complications. Cinna. Strabo. Sulla Embarks for Asia 2.5 0
8 East & King Mithradates 66.7 55:35
1 State of the East .8 0
2 Cyrene Romans  1.6 0
3 Parthian State. Armenia  1 0
4 Asia Minor 1.1 0
5 Mithradates Eupator 5.9 0
6 Nationalities of Asia Minor 1.4 0
7 Pontus 1.1 0
8 Acquisitions of Territory by Mithradates. Colchis. Northern Shores of the Black Sea 2.3 0
9 Hellenism in That Quarter 2.6 0
10 Mithradates Master of the Bosphoran Kingdom 1.6 0
11 Lesser Armenia. Alliance with Tigranes .8 0
12 Paphlagonia and Cappadocia Acquired 1.6 0
13 Empire of Mithradates .8 0
14 Romans and Mithradates. Intervention of the Senate 2.3 0
15 Sulla Sent to Cappadocia .8 0
16 First Contact between the Romans and the Parthians .9 0
17 New Aggressions of Mithradates .8 0
18 Aquillius Sent to Asia .7 0
19 The State of Things Intermediate between War and Peace  1.8 0
20 Aquillius Brings about War. Nicomedes 1.4 0
21 Preparations of Mithradates 2.2 0
22 Weak Counterpreparatons of the Romans .9 0
23 Mithradates Occupies Asia Minor. Anti-Roman Movements There 2.4 0
24 Orders Issued from Ephesus for a General Massacre 1.4 0
25 Organization of the Conquered Provinces 1.6 0
26 Pontic Invasion of Europe. Predatory Inroads of Thracians. Thrace & Macedonia Occupied by Pontic Armies. Pontic Fleet in Aegean 1.6 0
27 Pontic Proceedings in Greece 1.2 0
28 Position of the Romans 1 0
29 Sulla's Landing. Greece Occupied 1.8 0
30 Protracted Siege of Athens and the Piraeus. Athens Falls 1.8 0
31 Critical Position of Sulla. Want of a Fleet 1.9 0
32 Pontic Armies Enter Greece. Evacuation of the Piraeus 1.2 0
33 Battle of Chaerones 1.5 0
34 Slight Effect of the Victory. Sulla and Flaccus 1.5 0
35 Second Pontic Army Sent to Greece. Battle of Orchomenus 1.6 0
36 Reaction in Asia Minor against Mithradates 1.7 0
37 Lucullus and the Fleet on the Asiatic Coast .6 0
38 Flaccus Arrives in Asia. Fimbria. Fimbria's Victory at Miletopolis. Perilous Position of Mithradates 1.8 0
39 Negotiations for Peace 1 0
40 Preliminaries of Delium 1.2 0
41 New Difficulties. Sulla Proceeds to Asia 2.2 0
42 Peace at Dardanus. Sulla against Fimbria. Fimbria's Death 1 0
43 Regulation of Asiatic Affairs 1.8 0
44 Sulla Embarks for Italy .9 0
9  Cinna And Sulla 53.3 44:25
1 Ferment in Italy 1.5 0
2 Cinna. Carbo. Sertorius 1.6 0
3 Outbreak of the Cinnan Revolution. Victory of the Government 1.8 0
4 Cinnans in Italy. Landing of Marius 2.2 0
5 Dubious Attitude of Strabo. Cinnans around Rome 1.6 0
6 Negotiations of Parties with the Italians. Death of Strabo 2.5 0
7 Vacillation of the Government. Rome Capitulates 1.7 0
8 Marian Reign of Terror 1.7 0
9 Last Days of Marius 1.6 0
10 Death of Marius 1.9 0
11 Government of Cinna 2.4 0
12 Cinna and Sulla. Italy and the Provinces in Favour of the Government 1.4 0
13 Measures against Sulla 1.3 0
14 Attempts at a Compromise. Death of Cinna. Carbo and the New Burgesses Arm against Sulla 2.3 0
15 Difficult Position of Sulla 1.2 0
16 His Moderation 1.3 0
17 Sulla Lands in Italy. And Is Reinforced by Partisans and Deserters 1.6 0
18 Pompeius 1.6 0
19 Sulla in Campania Opposed by Norbanus and Scipio. Sulla Gains a Victory over Norbanus at Mount Tifata. Defection of Scipio's Army 2.3 0
20 Preparations on Either Side 2.3 0
21 Sulla Proceeds to Latium to Oppose the Younger Marius. His Victory at Sacriportus. Democratic Massacres in Rome 1.8 0
22 Siege of Praeneste. Occupation of Rome  .7 0
23 Metellus against Carbo in Northern Italy. Carbo Assailed on Three Sides of Etruria 1.7 0
24 Conflicts about Praeneste 1.1 0
25 Successes of the Sullans in Upper Italy. Etruria Occupied by the Sullans 1.6 0
26 Samnites and Democrats Attack Rome. Battle at the Colline Gate. Slaughter of the Prisoners 2.8 0
27 Sieges. Praeneste. Norba. Nola 2.5 0
28 Provinces 1.3 0
29 Spain. Sertorius Embarks .6 0
30 Sicily .4 0
31 Africa 1.1 0
32 Fresh Difficulties with Mithradates 1.5 0
33 Second Peace. Capture of Mytilene .3 0
34 General Peace .5 0
10 Sullan Constitution 70 58:20
1 Restoration 2.1 0
2 Sulla Regent of Rome  2.7 0
3 Executions 2.3 0
4 Proscription-Lists 2.8 0
5 Confiscations 1.6 0
6 Maintenance of the Burgess-Rights Previously Conferred .7 0
7 Punishments Inflicted on Particular Communities 1.6 0
8 Assignations to the Soldiers 2.2 0
9 Cornelian Freedmen in Rome .5 0
10 Abolition of the Gracchan Institutions 1.6 0
11 Reorganization of Senate. Its Complement Filled Up by Extraordinary Election. Admission to Senate through Quaestorship. Abolition of Censorial Supervision of Senate 2.9 0
12 Regulations As to the Burgesses 1 0
13 Co-optation Restored in the Priestly Colleges. Regulating of the Qualifications for Office 1.8 0
14 Weakening of the Tribunate of the People 1.7 0
15 Limitation of the Supreme Magistracy. Regulation of Consular and Praetorian Functions before Time of Sulla 4.1 0
16 Regulation of Their Functions by Sulla. Separation of Political & Military Authority. Cisalpine Gaul Erected into a Province 2.1 0
17 Better Arrangement of Business. Increase of the Power of the Senate 2 0
18 Shelving of the Censorship 1 0
19 Regulation of the Finances  1.1 0
20 Reorganization of the Judicial System. Previous Arrangements. Ordinary Procedure. Permanent and Special -Quaestiones-. Centumviral Court 2.6 0
21 Sullan -Quaestiones 2.5 0
22 Police Laws .3 0
23 Roman Municipal System 2.9 0
24 Relation of the -Municipium- to the State 1.1 0
25 Rise of the -Municipium 1.9 0
26 Impression Produced by the Sullan Reorganization Opposition of the Officers 2.7 0
27 Re-establishment of Constitutional Order .5 0
28 Sulla Resigns the Regency 1.8 0
29 Character of Sulla 4.1 0
30 Sulla's Political Career 3.7 0
31 Sulla and His Work 2.5 0
32 Value of the Sullan Constitution 2 0
33 Immoral and Superficial Nature of the Sullan Restoration 2.9 0
34 Sulla after His Retirement .9 0
35 Death of Sulla .9 0
36 His Funeral 1.3 0
12  Nationality, Religion, And Education
38 31:40
1 Paramount Ascendency of Latinism and Hellenism .6 0
2 Latinism 2.6 0
3 Hellenism 2.7 0
4 Mixture of Peoples 1.3 0
5 National Decomposition 1 0
6 Religion .9 0
7 Greek Philosophy 1.1 0
8 Leading Schools. Newer Academy. Epicurus and Zeno  2 0
9 Carneades at Rome 1.9 0
10 Euhemerism Not an Adequate Support 1.6 0
11 Roman Stoa 2.1 0
12 Wide Influence of Stoicism. Panaetius 2.4 0
13 State-Religion 2.6 0
14 Priestly Colleges .8 0
15 Practical Use Made of Religion 1.7 0
16 Oriental Religions in Italy 2.4 0
17 Secret Worships 1.4 0
18 Education 1.2 0
19 Greek Instruction 2.7 0
20 Latin Instruction. Public Readings of Classical Works 1.4 0
21 Rhetorical Exercises 1.2 0
22 Course of Literature and Rhetoric 3 0
 
 
5 146 - 82 64 Establishment of Military Monarchy 12 983 13:39
1  Marcus Lepidus & Quintus Sertorius
52.4 41:40
1 Opposition. Jurists. Aristocrats Friendly to Reform. Democrats 0 0
2 Transpadanes. Freedmen. Capitalists. Proletarians of the Capital. Dispossessed. Proscribed and Their Adherents  1.7 0
3 Men of Ruined Fortunes. Men of Ambition 1.5 0
4 Power of the Opposition 1.2 0
5 Want of Leaders. Coterie-Systems 2.2 0
6 Phillipus. Metellus, Catulus, the Luculli 3.1 0
7 Pompeius 5.2 0
8 Crassus 3.7 0
9 Leaders of the Democrats 1.3 0
10 Lepidus 1.2 0
11 Emigrants in Spain. Sertorius  1.8 0
12 Renewed Outbreak of the Spanish Insurrection. Metellus Sent to Spain 1.9 0
13 Organizations of Sertorius 3.3 0
14 Death of Sulla and Its Consequences 1 0
15 Insurrection of Lepidus 3.1 0
16 Outbreak of the War. Lepidus Defeated. Death of Lepidus 1.5 0
17 Pompeius Extorts the Command in Spain  1.8 0
18 Pompeius in Gaul .5 0
19 Appearance of Pompeius in Spain 1.7 0
20 Pompeius Defeated .9 0
21 Victories of Metellus .6 0
22 Battle on the Sucro 2 0
23 Indefinite and Perilous Character of the Sertorian War 3 0
24 Collapse of the Power of Sertorius 2.4 0
25 Internal Dissension among the Sertorians .9 0
26 Assassination of Sertorius 1.3 0
27 Perpenna Succeeds Sertorius  .5 0
28 Pompeius Puts an End to the Insurrection 1.7 0
2 Rule Of Sullan Restoration 83.2 1:09:20
1 External Relations 1.3 0
2 Dalmato-Macedonian Expeditions  1.7 0
3 Piracy 2 0
4 Organization of Piracy 1.8 0
5 Its Military-Political Power 2.5 0
6 Nullity of the Roman Marine Police 1.5 0
7 Expedition to South Coast of Asia Minor. Publius Servilius Isauricus. Zenicetes Vanquished. Isaurians Subdued 1.8 0
8 Asiatic Relations. Tigranes and the New Great-Kingdom of Armenia 1 0
9 Cappadocia Armenian .5 0
10 Syria under Tigranes 2.6 0
11 Mithradates .5 0
12 Demeanor of the Romans in the East. Egypt not Annexed 1.4 0
13 Non-Intervention in Asia Minor and Syria 1.4 0
14 Apprehensions of Rome 1.2 0
15 Apprehensions of Mithradates. Bithynia Roman. Cyrene a Roman Province. Outbreak of the Mithradatic War 1.8 0
16 Preparations of Mithradates 1.7 0
17 Roman Preparations 1 0
18 Beginning of the War 1.4 0
19 Romans Defeated at Chalcedon 1.1 0
20 Mithradates Besieges Cyzicus .8 0
21 Destruction of the Pontic Army 1.6 0
22 Maritime War. Mithradates Driven Back to Pontus 2.1 0
23 Invasion of Pontus by Lucullus 2.1 0
24 Victory of Cabira 1.2 0
25 Pontus Becomes Roman. Sieges of the Pontic Cities 2.9 0
26 Beginning of the Armenian War 2.2 0
27 Difficulties to Be Encountered  2.4 0
28 Lucullus Crosses the Euphrates 1.4 0
29 Siege and Battle of Tigranocerta 1.7 0
30 All the Armenian Conquests Pass into the Hands of the Romans 1.4 0
31 Tigranes and Mithradates 1.7 0
32 Renewal of the War 2.2 0
33 Dissatisfaction with Lucullus in the Capital and in the Army 1 0
34 Lucullus Advances into Armenia 1.8 0
35 Lucullus Retreats to Mesopotamia. Capture of Nisibus .5 0
36 Conflicts in Pontus and at Tigranocerta 1 0
37 Farther Retreat to Pontus .9 0
38 Defeat of the Romans in Pontus at Ziela .6 0
39 Mutiny of the Soldiers 1.2 0
40 Farther Retreat to Asia Minor 1.5 0
41 War with the Pirates .7 0
42 Defeat of Antonius off Cydonia 1 0
43 Cretan War 1 0
44 Metellus Subdues Crete 1.4 0
45 Pirates in the Mediterranean 2 0
46 Servile Disturbances 2.2 0
47 Outbreak of the Gladiatorial War in Italy. Spartacus .8 0
48 Insurrection Takes Shape 2.5 0
49 Great Victories of Spartacus .7 0
50 Internal Dissension among the Insurgents 2.9 0
51 Conflicts in the Bruttian Country  1 0
52 Disruption of the Rebels and Their Subjugation 1.9 0
53 Government of the Restoration as a Whole 5.8 0
3 Fall Of Oligarchy & Rule Of Pompeius 38.7 32:15
1 Continued Subsistence of the Sullan Constitution .9 0
2 Attacks of the Democracy. Corn-Laws. Attempts to Restore the Tribunician Power 1.5 0
3 Attacks on the Senatorial Tribunals  2.4 0
4 Want of Results from the Democratic Agitation 1.7 0
5 Quarrel between the Government and Their General Pompeius  3.6 0
6 Coalition of the Military Chiefs and the Democracy 2.1 0
7 Re-establishing of the Tribunician Power .4 0
8 New Arrangement as to Jurymen .8 0
9 Renewal of the Asiatic Revenue-Farming .3 0
10 Renewal of the Censorship .7 0
11 New Constitution 2.3 0
12 Impending Miliatry Dictatorship of Pompeius 1.7 0
13 Retirement of Pompeius 1.9 0
14 Senate, Equites, and Populares 1.5 0
15 Events in the East, and Their Reaction on Rome 1 0
16 Reappearance of Pompeius 1.7 0
17 Overthrow of the Senatorial Rule, and New Power of Pompeius 1.3 0
18 Effect of the Projects of Law 2.2 0
19 Pompeius and the Gabinian Laws 1.9 0
20 Parties in Relation to the Gabinian Laws 1.7 0
21 Vote 1.2 0
22 Successes of Pompeius in the East 1.8 0
23 Manillian Law 2 0
24 Democratic-Military Revolution 2.5 0
4 Pompeius & The East 68.3 56:55
1 Pompeius Suppresses Piracy 3.2 0
2 Dissensions between Pompeius and Metellus as to Crete 1.8 0
3 Pompeius Takes the Supreme Command against Mithradates  1.9 0
4 War Preparations of Pompeius. Alliance with the Parthians. Variance between Mithradates and Tigranes 1.8 0
5 Pompeius and Lucullus .6 0
6 Invasion of Pontus. Retreat of Mithradates 2 0
7 Battle at Nicopolis 1.4 0
8 Tigranes Breaks with Mithradates. Mithradates Crosses the Phasis 1.6 0
9 Pompeius at Artaxata. Peace with Tigranes 1.7 0
10 Tribes of the Caucasus. Iberians. Albanians 1.7 0
11 Albanians Conquered by Pompeius. Iberians Conquered 1.4 0
12 Pompeius Proceeds to Colchis 1.9 0
13 Fresh Conflicts with the Albanians 1.2 0
14 Mithradates Goes to Panticapaeum 1.7 0
15 His Last Preparations against Rome 1 0
16 Revolt against Mithradates 1.6 0
17 Death of Mithadates  2.2 0
18 Pompeius Proceeds to Syria .3 0
19 State of Syria .7 0
20 Arabian Princess 1.1 0
21 Robber-Chiefs .6 0
22 Jews 1.2 0
23 Pharisees. Sadducees 1.8 0
24 Nabataeans 1.1 0
25 Syrian Cities .8 0
26 Last Seleucids .7 0
27 Annexation of Syria 1.2 0
28 Military Pacification of Syria 1.3 0
29 Robber-Chiefs Chastised .4 0
30 Negotiations and Conflicts with the Jews 1.6 0
31 The New Relations of the Romans in the East .8 0
32 Conflicts with the Nabataeans 1.1 0
33 Difficulty with the Parthians 3.4 0
34 Organization of the Provinces 1.2 0
35 Feudatory Kings. Cappadocia. Commagene. Galatia 1.6 0
36 Princes and Chiefs .7 0
37 Priestly Princes 1 0
38 Urban Communities .4 0
39 Elevation of Urban Life in Asia 1.7 0
40 New Towns Established 2.5 0
41 Aggregate Results 2.5 0
42 Lucullus and Pompeius as Administrators 4 0
43 East after the Departure of Pompeius 1.5 0
44 Kingdom of Egypt 1.7 0
45 Cyprus Annexed .6 0
46 Ptolemaeus in Egypt Recognized but Expelled by His Subjects 1.4 0
47 And Brought Back by Gabinius. A Roman Garrison Remains in Alexandria 1.5 0
5  Struggle Of Parties During Absence Of Pompeius 50.9 42:25
1 Defeated Aristocracy 1.2 0
2 Cato 2.5 0
3 Democratic Attacks 1.5 0
4 Transpadanes. Freedmen 1.9 0
5 Process against Rabirius 1.3 0
6 Personal Attacks 1.6 0
7 Rehabilitation of Saturninus and Marius .9 0
8 Worthlessness of the Democratic Successes .7 0
9 Impending Collision between the Democrats and Pompeius 1 0
10 Schemes for Appointing a Democratic Military Dictatorship 1.8 0
11 League of the Democrats and the Anarchists 1.3 0
12 Catalina 1.4 0
13 Failure of the First Plans of Conspiracy 2.6 0
14 Resumption of the Conspiracy 2.1 0
15 Consular Elections. Cicero Elected instead of Catalina 1.9 0
16 New Projects of the Conspirators .8 0
17 Servilian Agrarian Law 2.9 0
18 Preparations of the Anarchists in Etruria 1.4 0
19 Election of Catalina as Consul again Frustrated .9 0
20 Outbreak of the Insurrection in Etruria. Repressive Measures of the Government  1.2 0
21 Conspirators in Rome 2.6 0
22 Catalina Proceed to Etruria 1.6 0
23 Conviction and Arrest of the Conspirators in the Capital 2 0
24 Discussions in the Senate as to the Execution of Those Arrested 2.2 0
25 Execution of the Catalinarians 1.7 0
26Suppression of the Etruscan Insurrection 2.2 0
27 Attitude of Crassus and Caesar toward the Anarchists 4.9 0
28 Total Destruction of the Democratic Party 3.1 0
6 Retirement Of Pompeius & Coalition Of Pretenders 35.7 29:45
1 Pompeius in the East 1.3 0
2 Opponents of the Future Monarchy 2.4 0
3 Mission of Nepos to Rome .7 0
4 Pompeius in Relation to the Parties 1.8 0
5 Rupture between Pompeius and the Aristocracy 2.8 0
6 Retirement of Pompeius 2.8 0
7 Pompeius without Influence 2.7 0
8 Rise of Caesar 1.8 0
9 Second Coalition of Pompeius, Crassus, and Caesar 2 0
10 Change in the Position of Caesar 2.9 0
11 Caesar Consul .4 0
12 Caesar's Agrarian Law 1 0
13 Opposition of the Aristocracy 1.5 0
14 Proposals before the Burgesses 1.4 0
15 Agrarian Law Carried. Passive Resistance of the Aristocracy 1.3 0
16 Caesar Governor of the Two Gauls 1.9 0
17 Measures Adopted by the Allies for Their Security 1.8 0
18 Situation of the Aristocracy 1.9 0
19 Cato and Cicero Removed 1.4 0
20 Clodius  2 0
7 Subjugation Of The West 133.7 1:51:25
1 Romanizing of the West 3.2 0
2 Historical Significance of the Conquests of Caesar  1.2 0
3 Caesar in Spain 1.2 0
4 Gaul .5 0
5 Roman Province. Wars and Revolts There 1.5 0
6 Bounds. Relations to Rome 1.4 0
7 Incipient Romanizing 2 0
8 Free Gaul 1.5 0
9 Population. Agriculture and the Rearing of Cattle 1.6 0
10 Urban Life .7 0
11 Intercourse 1.4 0
12 Commerce. Manufactures 1.6 0
13 Mining 1 0
14 Art and Science 1.1 0
15 Political Organization. Cantonal Constitution 1.4 0
16 Development of Knighthood. Breaking Up of the Old Cantonal Constitution 1.5 0
17 Abolition of the Monarchy .8 0
18 Efforts towards National Unity 1 0
19 Religious Union of the Nation. Druids 1.4 0
20 Want of Political Centralization. Canton-Leagues .9 0
21 Belgic League. Maritime Cantons. Leagues of Central Gaul .8 0
22 Character of Those Leagues 1 0
23 Celtic Military System. Cavalry 1.2 0
24 Infantry 1.1 0
25 Stage of Development of the Celtic Civilization  2.2 0
26 External Relations. Celts and Iberians .8 0
27 Celts and Romans. Advance of Roman Trade and Commerce into Free Gaul 1.8 0
28 Celts and Germans  .8 0
29 Right Bank of the Rhine Lost to the Celts .7 0
30 German Tribes on the Left Bank of the Rhine 1.7 0
31 Roman Policy with Reference to the German Invasion  1.9 0
32 Ariovistus on the Middle Rhine .8 0
33 Inaction of the Romans .7 0
34 Foundation of a German Empire in Gaul 1.2 0
35 Germans on the Lower Rhine. Germans on the Upper Rhine. Spread of the Helvetian Invasion to the Interior of Gaul 1.9 0
36 Caesar Proceeds to Gaul. Caesar's Army 1.2 0
37 Repulse of the Helvetii 2.4 0
38 Helvetii Move towards Gaul .8 0
39 Helvetian War 2.4 0
40 Battle at Bibracte  0 0
41 Helvetii Sent back to Their Original Abode .7 0
42 Caesar and Ariovistus. Negotiations 1.8 0
43 Ariovistus Attacked. And Beaten 2.1 0
44 German Settlements on the Left Bank of the Rhine 1 0
45 Rhine Boundary .8 0
46 Subjugation of Gaul. Belgic Expedition 1.3 0
47 Conflicts on the Aisne. Submission of the Western Cantons 1.7 0
48 Conflict with the Nervii 2.5 0
49 Subjugation of the Belgae 1.1 0
50 Expeditions against the Maritime Cantons. Venetian War 2.1 0
51 Naval Battle between the Romans and the Veneti. Submission of the Maritime Cantons  2.3 0
52 Expeditins against the Morini and Menapii 1.2 0
53 Establishment of Communications with Italy by the Valais .9 0
54 And with Spain .7 0
55 Fresh Violations of the Rhine-Boundary by the Germans. Usipetes and Tencteri 2 0
56 Caesar on the Right Bank of the Rhine 1.5 0
57 Expeditions to Britain 2.1 0
58 Cassivellaunus 2.1 0
59 Conspiracy of the Patriots 2.1 0
60 Insurrection 2.6 0
61 Cicero Attacked 1 0
62 Caesar Proceeds to His Relief. Insurrection Checked 2 0
63 And Suppressed 1.7 0
64 Retaliatory Expedition against the Eburones 1.6 0
65 Second Insurrection .6 0
66 Carnutes. Arverni 1 0
67 Vercingetorix  .7 0
68 Spread of the Insurrection. Appearance of Caesar 1.4 0
69 Gallic Plan of War  1.9 0
70 Beginning of the Struggle  1 0
71 Caesar before Arvaricum 1.3 0
72 Avaricum Conquered. Caesar Divides His Army .9 0
73 Labienus before Lutetia .7 0
74 Caesar before Gergovia. Fruitless Blockade .9 0
75 Haedui Waver 1.2 0
76 Caesar Defeated before Gergovia 1.1 0
77 Renewed Insurrection. Rising of the Haedui. Rising of the Belgae 1.9 0
78 Caesar's Plan of War. Caesar Unites with Labienus 1.3 0
79 Position of the Insurgents at Alesia 1.3 0
80 Caesar in Front of Alesia. Siege of Alesia 1.9 0
81 Attempt at Relief. Conflicts before Alesia .9 0
82 Alesia Capitulates .8 0
83 Vercingetorix Executed 1.7 0
84 Last Conflicts. With the Bituriges and Carnutes 1.6 0
85 With the Bellovaci 1.2 0
86 On the Loire .5 0
87 And in Uxellodunum 1.2 0
88 Gaul Subdued 1.4 0
89 Organization. Roman Taxation 1 0
90 Indulgences towards Existing Arrangements 1.2 0
91 Introduction of the Romanizing of the Country 2 0
92 Catastrophe of the Celtic Nation. Traits Common to the Celts and Irish 2.8 0
93 Beginnings of Romanic Development 2.6 0
94 Countries on the Danube .7 0
95 Alpine Peoples .5 0
96 Illyria .6 0
97 Macedonia 1.5 0
98 New Dacian Kingdom 1.8 0
8  Joint Rule Of Pompeius & Caesar
54.2 45:10
1 Pompeius and Caesar in Juxtaposition 1.8 0
2 Pompeius and the Capital. Anarchy 1.8 0
3 Anarchists 1.7 0
4 Clodius 1.3 0
5 Quarrel of Pompeius with Clodius 2.3 0
6 Pompeius in Relation to the Gallic Victories of Caesar 2.6 0
7 Republican Opposition among the Public 1.4 0
8 Attempts of the Regents to Check It 1.3 0
9 Increasing Importance of the Senate 1.6 0
10 Helplessness of Pompeius 1.9 0
11 Attempts of Pompeius to Obtain a Command through the Senate. Administration of the Supplies of Corn 2.8 0
12 Egyptian Expedition 1.1 0
13 Attempt at an Aristocratic Restoration. Attack on Caesar's Laws 1.8 0
14 Conference of the Regents at Luca 2.5 0
15 Designs of Caesar in This Arrangement 3 0
16 Aristocracy Submits 1.7 0
17 Settlement of the New Monarchical Rule 2.4 0
18 Senate under the Monarchy. Cicero and the Majority 1.9 0
19 Cato and the Minority 2.6 0
20 Continued Oppositon at the Elections 2.7 0
21 And in the Courts 2.8 0
22 Literature of the Opposition 2.4 0
23 New Exceptional Measures Resolved on 1.6 0
24 Milo. Killing of Clodius 1.5 0
25 Anarchy in Rome  1 0
26 Dictatorship of Pompeius .8 0
27 Changes of in the Arrangement of Magistracies and the Jury-System 1.8 0
28 Humiliation of the Republicans 2.6 0
9  Death Of Crassus--Rupture Between The Joint Rulers 56.1 46:45
1 Crassus Goes to Syria 1.4 0
2 Expedition against Parthia Resolved on  1.7 0
3 Plan of the Campaign 1.4 0
4 Euphrates Crossed 1.1 0
5 March in the Desert 1.1 0
6 Roman and Parthian Systems of Warfare 3.8 0
7 Battle near Carrhae 2.5 0
8 Retreat to Carrhae .6 0
9 Departure from Carrhae. Surprise at Sinnaca 3.1 0
10 Consequences of the Defeat 1.2 0
11 Repulse of the Parthians 1.7 0
12 Impression Produced in Rome by the Defeat of Carrhae .9 0
13 Good Understanding between the Regents Relaxed 2.2 0
14 Dictatorship of Pompeius. Covert Attacks by Pompeius on Caesar 2.5 0
15 Old Party Names and the Pretenders .8 0
16 Democracy and Caesar .7 0
17 Aristocracy and Pompeius 2.7 0
18 Republicans 1.7 0
19 Their League with Pompeius 1.3 0
20 Passive Resistance of Caesar 3 0
21 Preparation for Attacks on Caesar .5 0
22 Attempt to Keep Caesar Out of the Consulship 1.2 0
23 Attempt to Shorten Caesar's Governorship 1.7 0
24 Debates as to Caesar's Recall 3.9 0
25 Counter-Arrangements of Caesar 1.5 0
26 Curio  .7 0
27 Debates as to the Recall of Caesar and Pompeius 1.6 0
28 Caesar and Pompeius Both Recalled .9 0
29 Declaration of War 1.8 0
30 Ultimatum of Caesar  2.5 0
31 Last Debate in the Senate 2.4 0
32 Caesar Marches into Italy 2.3 0
10 Brundisium, Ilerda, Pharsalus, And Thapsus 145.4 41:40
1 Resources on Either Side .3 0
2 Caesar's Absolute Power within His Party .9 0
3 Labienus 1.6 0
4 Caesar's Army 5.2 0
5 Field of Caesar's Power. Upper Italy .9 0
6 Italy 1 0
7 Provinces .9 0
8 Coalition 1.3 0
9 Field of Power of the Coalition. Juba of Numidia 2.2 0
10 Italy against Caesar .5 0
11 Pompeian Army 1.9 0
12 Caesar Takes the Offensive 1.4 0
13 Caesar's Advance .7 0
14 Rome Evacuated 1.9 0
15 Conflicts in Picenum .9 0
16 Corfinium Besieged And Captured 2.1 0
17 Pompeius Goes to Brundisium. Embarkation for Greece 1.6 0
18 Military and Financial Results of the Seizure of Italy 1.1 0
19 Its Political Results. Fear of Anarchy .9 0
20 Dispelled by Caesar 2.6 0
21 Indignation of the Anarchist Party against Caesar. Republican Party in Italy 1.6 0
22 Passive Resistance of the Senate to Caesar 2 0
23 Provisional Arrangement of the Affairs of the Capital. Provinces .7 0
24 Pompeians in Spain 1.8 0
25 Massilia against Caesar .6 0
26 Caesar Occupies the Pyrenees. Position at Ilerda 1.7 0
27 Caesar Cut Off 1.5 0
28 Caesar Re-establishes the Communications .7 0
29 Retreat of the Pompeians from Ilerda 1 0
30 Caesar Follows 1 0
31 Route to the Ebro Closed 2 0
32 Capitulation of the Pompeians .7 0
33 Further Spain Submits .8 0
34 Siege of Massilia 1.7 0
35 Massilia Capitulates 1.1 0
36 Expeditions of Caesar to the Corn-Provinces .4 0
37 Sardinia Occupied. Sicily Occupied .9 0
38 Landing of Curio in Africa  1.2 0
39 Curio Conquers at Utica 1.1 0
40 Curio Defeated by Juba on the Bagradas. Death of Curio 2.8 0
41 Pompeius' Plan of Campaign for 705 1.4 0
42 Caesar's Fleet and Army in Illyricum Destroyed 1.3 0
43 Result of the Campaign as a Whole 1.5 0
44 Organizations in Macedonia. Emigrants 1.4 0
45 Lukewarm .6 0
46 Ultras  2.5 0
47 Preparations for War  2.3 0
48 Legions of Pompeius 1.4 0
49 His Cavalry .7 0
50 Fleet 1.4 0
51 Junction of the Pompeians on the Coast of Epirus .7 0
52 Caesar against Pompeius 2.1 0
53 Caesar Lands in Epirus. First Successes .9 0
54 Caesar Cut Off from Italy 2.1 0
55 Antonius Proceed to Epirus .8 0
56 Junction of Caesar's Army 1.5 0
57 Caesar Invests the Camp of Pompeius 1.8 0
58 Caesar's Lines Broken. Caesar Once More Defeated 1.7 0
59 Consequences of Caesar's Defeats 1.6 0
60 War Prospects of Pompeius. Scipio and Calvinus 1.5 0
61 Caesar's Retreat from Dyrrachium to Thessaly 3.5 0
62 Armies at Pharsalus 1.9 0
63 Battle 1.6 0
64 Its Issue. Flight of Pompeius 2.1 0
65 Political Effects of the Battle of Pharsalus. East Submits 1.1 0
66 Aristocracy after the Battle of Pharsalus 1.7 0
67 Cato 1.1 0
68 Pompeius .7 0
69 Military Effects of the Battle. Leaders Scattered 1 0
70 Macedonia and Greece. Italy. The East. Egypt. Spain. Africa 2.1 0
71 Hostilities of Robbers and Pirates 1.1 0
72 Parthian Alliance .6 0
73 Caesar Pursues Pompeius to Egypt 2.1 0
74 Death of Pompeius 1.3 0
75 Arrival of Caesar 1 0
76 Caesar Regulates Egypt 1.3 0
77 Insurrection in Alexandria 2.2 0
78 Caesar in Alexandria 3.5 0
79 Relieving Army from Asia Minor 1.1 0
80 Battle at the Nile .7 0
81 Pacificatin of Alexandria 1.4 0
82 Course of Things during Caesar's Absence in Alexandria .7 0
83 Insubordination of Pharnaces .7 0
84 Calvinus Defeated at Nicopolis. Victory of Caesar at Ziela 1.2 0
85 Regulation of Asia Minor .7 0
86 War by Land and Sea in Illyria. Defeat of Gabinius. Naval Victory at Tauris 2.1 0
87 Reorganization of the Coalition in Africa 5.9 0
88 Movements in Spain 1.3 0
89 Military Revolt in Campania 2.8 0
90 Caesar Proceeds to Africa. Conflict at Ruspina 1.8 0
91 Caesar's Position at Ruspina 3.7 0
92 Battle at Thapsus 2.2 0
93 Cato in Utica. His Death 1.5 0
94 Leaders of the Republicans Put to Death 1.4 0
95 Regulation of Africa .7 0
96 Victory of Monarchy .7 0
97 End of the Republic 2.3 0
11 Old Republic & New Monarchy
 173.8 2:24:50
1 Character of Caesar 4.6 0
2 Caesar as a Statesman 8.9 0
3 Setting Aside of the Old Parties 1.4 0
4 Discontent of the Democrats 1.2 0
5 Caelius and Milo 1 0
6 Dolabella .9 0
7 Measures against Pompeians and Republicans 2.4 0
8 Amnesty 1.7 0
9 Bearing of Caesar towards the Parties 3.1 0
10 Caesar's Work 4 0
11 Dictatorship 1.7 0
12 Other Magistracies and Attributions 4.3 0
13 Re-establishment of the Regal Office 4.1 0
14 New Court. New Patrician Nobility 2.1 0
15 Legislation. Edicts 1.1 0
16 Senate as the State-Council of the Monarch 2.5 0
17 Personal Government by Caesar 1.7 0
18 In Matters of Finance 1.1 0
19 In the Governorships 1.8 0
20 In the Administration of the Capital 2.5 0
21 State-Hierarchy .8 0
22 Regal Jurisdiction .9 0
23 Retention of the Previous Administration of Justice 1.1 0
24 Appeal to the Monarch .9 0
25 Decay of the Judicial System 2.5 0
26 Decay of the Roman Military System 3 0
27 Its Reorganization by Caesar 1 0
28 Foreign Mercenaries. Adjutants of the Legion 1 0
29 New Commandership-in-Chief 1.3 0
30 Caesar's Military Plans. Defence of the Frontier 2 0
31 Attempts of Caesar to Avert Military Despotism 1.4 0
32 Absence of Corps of Guards .8 0
33 Impracticableness of Ideal 2.1 0
34 Financial Administration 1.9 0
35 Financial Reforms of Caesar. Leasing of the Direct Taxes Abolished 1.1 0
36 Reform of the Distribution of Corn 1.5 0
37 Budget of Income 2 0
38 Budget of Expenditure 2.5 0
39 Social Condition of the Nation .4 0
40 Capital .8 0
41 Populace There 1.4 0
4 2Relations of the Oligarchy to the Populace .9 0
43 Anarchy of the Capital 1.8 0
44 Caesar's Treatment of Matters in the Capital .9 0
45 Diminution of the Proletariate 1.9 0
46 Club System Restricted .7 0
47 Street Police .8 0
48 Buildings of the Capital 3.3 0
49 Italy. Italian Agriculture 3.9 0
50 Money-Dealing .5 0
51 Social Disproportion 2.8 0
52 Poor 2.5 0
53 Extravagance 2.4 0
54 Table Luxury 1.4 0
55 Debt 2.5 0
56 Immortality .8 0
57 Friendship 1.4 0
58 Women 2.3 0
59 Depopulation of Italy 2.1 0
60 Italy under the Oligarchy 1.5 0
61 Reforms of Caesar 1.6 0
62 Laws Respecting Luxury .9 0
63 Debt Crisis 2.9 0
64 New Ordinance as to Bankruptcy 1.3 0
65 Usury Laws 1.8 0
66 Elevation of Agriculture 1.1 0
67 Distribution of Land 1.9 0
68 Elevation of the Municipal System 1.6 0
69 Provinces 3.2 0
70 In the Client-States  1.1 0
71 Roman Capitalists in the Provinces 1.1 0
72 Robberies and Damage by War .9 0
73 Conditions of the Provinces Generally 1.1 0
74 Caesar and the Provinces .4 0
75 Caesarian Magistrates 1.5 0
76 Regulation of Burdens .8 0
77 Influence on the Capitalist System 1.8 0
78 Beginning of the Helleno-Italic State 2.9 0
79 Ruling Nations. Jews 2.8 0
80 Hellenism 2.2 0
81 Latinizing .6 0
82 Cisalpine Gaul .8 0
83 Province of Narbo 1.2 0
84 Northern Gaul .6 0
85 Spain .7 0
86 Carthage .9 0
87 Corinth. The East .7 0
88 Extension of the Italian Municipal Constitution to the Provinces 1 0
89 Italy and the Provinces Reduced to One Level  2.1 0
90 Organization of the New Empire .7 0
91 Census of the Empire 1.9 0
92 Religion of the Empire .9 0
93 Law of the Empire 1.2 0
94 New Urban Law or the Edict 2.8 0
95 Caesar's Project of Codification 2.7 0
96 Gold Coin as Imperial Currency 2.3 0
97 Reform of the Calendar 1.2 0
98 Caesar and His Works 3.8 0
12 Religion, Culture, Literature, And Art 90.8 1:15:40
1 State Religion 2.4 0
2 Oriental Religions  .8 0
3 Worship of Mithrac .6 0
4 Worship of Isis 1.2 0
5 New Pythagoreanism. Nigidius Figulus 2.3 0
6 Training of Youth. Sciences of General Culture at This Period 1.5 0
7 Greek Instruction. Alexandrinism 1.5 0
8 Latin Instruction 2.3 0
9 Germs of State Training-Schools .9 0
10 Language. Vulgarism of Asia Minor 1.3 0
11 Roman Vulgarism. Hortensius. Reaction. Rhodian School 1.3 0
12 Ciceronianism  1.8 0
13 New Roman Poetry .6 0
14 Grammatical Science 2.4 0
15 Literary Effort. Greek Literati in Rome 2 0
16 Extent of the Literary Pursuits of the Romans 2.2 0
17 Classicists and the Moderns 1.7 0
18 Greek Alexandrinism 1.5 0
19 Roman Alexandrinism 3.4 0
20 Dramatic Literature. Tragedy and Comedy Disappear 1 0
21 Mime. Laberius 2.9 0
22 Dramatic Spectacles 2.8 0
23 Metrical Annals .3 0
24 Lucretius 6.2 0
25 Hellenic Fashionable Poetry 3.5 0
26 Catullus 2.9 0
27 Poems in Prose. Romances .5 0
28 Varro's Aesthetic Writings  .9 0
29 Varros' Models 1.6 0
30 Varro's Philosophico-Historical Essays 1.1 0
31 Varros' Menippean Satires 5.9 0
32 Historical Composition. Sisenna 1.3 0
33 Annals of the City 2.1 0
34 Valerius Antias 1.6 0
35 Universal History. Nepos 1.9 0
36 Literature Subsidiary to History. Caesar's Report 1.5 0
37 Correspondence .4 0
38 News-Sheet  .7 0
39 Speeches. Decline of Political Oratory 1.7 0
40 Rise of A Literature of Pleadings. Cicero 1.4 0
41 His Character 2.8 0
42 Ciceronianism  .8 0
43 Opposition to Ciceronianism. Calvus and His Associates 1.4 0
44 Artificial Dialogue Applied to the Professional Sciences. Cicero's Dialogues 3.2 0
45 Professional Sciences. Latin Philology. Varro 2.7 0
46 Other Professional Sciences  2.2 0
47 Art. Architecture .7 0
48 Arts of Design 1.8 0
49 Dancing and Music .8 0
50 Incipient Influence of the Monarchy .4 0
51 Conclusion .9 0
 
 
 
1 4 Gospels 89 327.6 4:33 0
1 Matthew 28 94.4 1:18:40 0
1 Genealogy of Jesus Messiah. Joseph Accepts Jesus as His Son 2.1 0.
2 Magi Visit Messiah. Escape to Egypt Return to Nazareth 2.4 0.
3 John Baptist Prepares Way. Baptism of Jesus 1.6 0.
4 Jesus Tested in Wilderness. Begins to Preach. Calls His First Disciples. Heals Sick 2.2 0.
5 Introduction to Sermon on Mount Beatitudes. Salt & Light.  Fulfillment of Law. Murder. Adultery. Divorce Oaths. Eye for Eye. Love for Enemies 4.1 0.
6 Giving to Needy. Prayer. Fasting. Treasures in Heaven. Do Not Worry 3.1 0.
7 Judging Others. Ask, Seek, Knock.  Narrow & Wide Gates. True & False Prophets. True & False Disciples. Wise & Foolish Builders 2.5 0.
8 Jesus Heals Man With Leprosy.  Faith of Centurion. Heals Many. Cost of Following Jesus. Calms Storm. Restores 2 Demon-Possessed Men 3 0.
9 Jesus Forgives & Heals Paralyzed Man.  Calling of Matthew. Questioned About Fasting. Raises Dead Girl & Heals Sick Woman. Heals Blind & Mute. Workers Are Few 3.3 0.
10 Jesus Sends Out Twelve 3.5 0.
11 Jesus & John Baptist. Woe on Unrepentant Towns. Father Revealed in Son 2.6 0.
12 Jesus Is Lord of Sabbath. God’s Chosen Servant. Jesus & Beelzebul.  Sign of Jonah. Jesus’ Mother & Brothers 4.4 0.
13 Parables of Sower, Weeds, Mustard Seed & Yeast, Weeds, Hidden Treasure & Pearl, Net. Prophet Without Honor 5.3 0.
14 John Baptist Beheaded. Jesus Feeds Five Thousand. Walks on Water 2.8 0.
15 That Which Defiles.  Faith of Canaanite Woman Jesus Feeds Four Thousand 3 0.
16 Demand for Sign. Yeast of Pharisees & Sadducees. Peter Declares Jesus Is Messiah. Jesus Predicts His Death 2.6 0.
17 Transfiguration. Jesus Heals Demon-Possessed Boy. Predicts His Death 2nd Time.  Temple Tax 2.5 0.
18 Greatest in Kingdom of Heaven. Causing to Stumble. Parable of Wandering Sheep. Dealing With Sin in Church. Parable of Unmerciful Servant 3.3 0.
19 Divorce. Little Children & Jesus. Rich & Kingdom of God 2.7 0.
20 Parable of Workers in Vineyard. Jesus Predicts His Death Third Time. Mother’s Request. Two Blind Men Receive Sight 2.9 0.
21 Jesus Comes to Jerusalem as King. Jesus at Temple. Jesus Curses Fig Tree. Authority of Jesus. Questioned Parable of Two Sons. Parable of Tenants 4.4 0.
22 Parable of Wedding Banquet. Paying Imperial Tax to Caesar. Marriage at Resurrection. Greatest Commandment. Whose Son Is Messiah? 3.3 0.
23 Warning Against Hypocrisy. Seven Woes on Teachers of Law & Pharisees 3.2 0.
24 Destruction of Temple & Signs of End Times. Day & Hour Unknown 4.1 0.
25 Parables of Ten Virgins, Bags of Gold, Sheep & Goats 3.9 0.
26 Plot Against Jesus. Jesus Anointed at Bethany. Judas Agrees to Betray Jesus. Last Supper. Jesus Predicts Peter’s Denial. Gethsemane. Jesus Arrested. Jesus Before Sanhedrin. Peter Disowns Jesus 6.3 0.
27 Judas Hangs Himself. Jesus Before Pilate. Soldiers Mock Jesus. Crucifixion,  Death, Burial of Jesus. Guard at Tomb 5.3 0.
28 Jesus Has Risen. Guards’ Report.  Great Commission 1.7 0.
2 Mark 16 59.9 49:55 0
1 John Baptist Prepares Way.  Baptism & Testing of Jesus. Announces Good News. Calls His First Disciples. Drives Out Impure Spirit. Heals Many. Prays in Solitary Place. Heals Man With Leprosy 3.6 0.
2 Jesus Forgives & Heals Paralyzed Man. Calls Levi & Eats With Sinners. Questioned About Fasting. Jesus Is Lord of Sabbath 2.8 0.
3 Jesus Heals on Sabbath. Crowds Follow. Appoints Twelve. Accused by His Family & Teachers of Law 2.6 0.
4 Parable of Sower. Lamp on Stand.  Parable of Growing Seed. Parable of Mustard Seed. Jesus Calms Storm 3.5 0.
5 Jesus Restores Demon-Possessed Man. Raises Dead Girl & Heals Sick Woman 3.6 0.
6 Prophet Without Honor. Jesus Sends Out Twelve. John Baptist Beheaded. Jesus Feeds 5,000. Walks on Water 5 0.
7 That Which Defiles. Jesus Honors Syrophoenician Woman’s Faith. Heals Deaf & Mute Man 3 0.
8 Jesus Feeds 4,000. Yeast of Pharisees & Herod. Heals Blind Man at Bethsaida. Peter Declares Jesus Is Messiah. Jesus Predicts His Death. Way of Cross 3.4 0.
9 Transfiguration. Jesus Heals Boy Possessed by an Impure Spirit. Predicts His Death Second Time. Whoever Is Not Against Us Is for Us. Causing to Stumble 4.4 0.
10 Divorce.  Little Children & Jesus. Rich & Kingdom of God. Jesus Predicts His Death Third Time. Request of James & John. Blind Bartimaeus Receives His Sight 4.7 0.
11 Jesus Comes to Jerusalem as King. Curses Fig Tree & Clears Temple. Courts Authority of Jesus Questioned 2.9 0.
12  Parable of Tenants Paying Imperial Tax to Caesar. Marriage at Resurrection. Greatest Commandment. Whose Son Is Messiah? Warning Against Teachers of Law. Widow’s Offering 4.1 0.
13 Destruction of Temple & Signs of End Times. Day & Hour Unknown 3.2 0.
14 Jesus Anointed at Bethany.  Last Supper. Jesus Predicts Peter’s Denial. Gethsemane. Jesus Arrested. Jesus Before Sanhedrin. Peter Disowns Jesus 6.2 0.
15 Jesus Before Pilate. Soldiers Mock Jesus. Crucifixion,  Death, Burial of Jesus 3.6 0.
16 Jesus Has Risen 1.9 0.
3 Luke 24 102.1 1:25:05 0
1 Introduction.  Birth of John Baptist Foretold. Birth of Jesus Foretold. Mary Visits Elizabeth. Mary’s Song.  Birth of John Baptist. Zechariah’s Song 6.1 0.
2  Birth of Jesus. Jesus Presented in Temple. Boy Jesus at Temple 4.2 0.
3 John Baptist Prepares Way.  Baptism & Genealogy of Jesus 3.4 0.
4 Jesus Tested in Wilderness. Rejected at Nazareth. Drives Out an Impure Spirit. Heals Many 4 0.
5 Jesus Calls His First Disciples. Heals Man With Leprosy. Forgives & Heals Paralyzed Man. Calls Levi & Eats With Sinners. Questioned About Fasting 3.6 0.
6 Jesus Lord of Sabbath. Twelve Apostles. Blessings & Woes. Love for Enemies. Judging Others. Tree & Its Fruit. Wise & Foolish Builders 4.7 0.
7 Faith of Centurion. Jesus Raises Widow’s Son. Jesus & John Baptist. Jesus Anointed by Sinful Woman 4.6 0.
8  Parable of Sower.  Lamp on Stand. Jesus’ Mother & Brothers. Calms Storm. Restores Demon-Possessed Man. Raises Dead Girl & Heals Sick Woman 5.5 0.
9 Jesus Sends Out Twelve. Feeds 5,000. Peter Declares Jesus Is Messiah. Jesus Predicts His Death. Transfiguration. Heals Demon-Possessed Boy. Predicts His Death Second Time. Samaritan. Opposition. Cost of Following Jesus 5.5 0.
10 Jesus Sends Out 72. Parable of Good Samaritan. At Home of Martha & Mary 3.8 0.
11 Jesus’ Teaching on Prayer. Jesus & Beelzebul. Sign of Jonah.  Lamp of Body. Woes on Pharisees & Experts in Law 4.9 0.
12 Warnings & Encouragements. Parable of Rich Fool. Do Not Worry. Watchfulness. Not Peace but Division. Interpreting Times 5.3 0.
13 Repent or Perish. Heals Crippled Woman on Sabbath. Parables of Mustard Seed & Yeast.  Narrow Door. Jesus’ Sorrow for Jerusalem 3.4 0.
14 Pharisee’s House. Parable of Great Banquet.  Cost of Being Disciple 3.2 0.
15 Parables of Lost Sheep, Lost Coin, Lost Son 2.9 0.
16 Parable of Shrewd Manager. Additional Teachings.  Rich Man & Lazarus 3 0.
17 Sin, Faith, Duty. Heals Ten. Men With Leprosy. Coming of Kingdom of God 3 0.
18  Parables of Persistent Widow. Parable of Pharisee & Tax Collector. Little Children & Jesus. Rich & Kingdom of God. Jesus Predicts His Death Third Time.  Blind Beggar Receives His Sight 3.4 0.
19 Zacchaeus Tax Collector.  Parable of Ten Minas. Jesus Comes to Jerusalem as King. Jesus at Temple 4 0.
20 Authority of Jesus Questioned. Parable of Tenants Paying Taxes to Caesar.  Resurrection & Marriage. Whose Son Is Messiah? Warning Against Teachers of Law 3.7 0.
21 Widow’s Offering.  Destruction of Temple & Signs of End Times 3.1 0.
22 Judas Agrees to Betray Jesus.  Last Supper. Jesus Prays on Mount of Olives. Jesus Arrested. Peter Disowns Jesus. Guards Mock Jesus. Jesus Before Pilate & Herod 5.4 0.
23 Crucifixion, Death,  Burial of Jesus 4.2 0.
24 Jesus Has Risen On Road to Emmaus. Jesus Appears to Disciples. Ascension of Jesus 3.8 0.
4 John 21 71.2 59:20 0
1 Word Became Flesh. John Baptist Denies Being Messiah. John Testifies About Jesus. John’s Disciples Follow Jesus. Jesus Calls Philip & Nathanael 3.9 0.
2 Jesus Changes Water Into Wine. Jesus Clears Temple Courts 2 0.
3 Jesus Teaches Nicodemus. John Testifies Again About Jesus 3 0.
4 Jesus Talks With Samaritan Woman. Disciples Rejoin Jesus. Many Samaritans Believe Jesus Heals an Official’s Son 4.1 0.
5 Healing at Pool.  Authority of Son. Testimonies About Jesus 3.8 0.
6 Jesus Feeds 5,000. Walks on Water. Jesus Bread of Life. Many Disciples Desert Jesus 5.6 0.
7 Jesus Goes to Festival of Tabernacles. Teaches at Festival. Division Over Who Jesus Is. Unbelief of Jewish Leaders 1.7 0.
8 Disputes Over Jesus’ Testimony, Over Who Jesus Is, Over Whose Children Jesus’ Opponents Are. Jesus’ Claims About Himself 4.4 0.
9 Jesus Heals Man Born Blind. Pharisees Investigate Healing Spiritual Blindness 3.4 0.
10 Good Shepherd & His Sheep. Further Conflict Over Jesus’ Claims 3.3 0.
11 Death of Lazarus. Jesus Comforts Sisters of Lazarus. Jesus Raises Lazarus From Dead. Plot to Kill Jesus 4.6 0.
12 Jesus Anointed at Bethany. Jesus Comes to Jerusalem as King. Predicts His Death. Belief & Unbelief Among Jews 4.3 0.
13 Jesus Washes His Disciples’ Feet. Predicts His Betrayal. Predicts Peter’s Denial 3.4 0.
14 Jesus Comforts His Disciples. Jesus Way to Father. Jesus Promises Holy Spirit 1.7 0.
15 Vine & Branches. World Hates Disciples.  Work of Holy Spirit 2.1 0.
16 Disciples’ Grief Will Turn to Joy 2.3 0.
17 Jesus Prays to Be Glorified. Prays for His Disciples. Prays for All Believers 1.8 0.
18 Jesus Arrested. Peter’s First Denial. High Priest Questions Jesus. Peter’s Second & Third Denials. Jesus Before Pilate 3.8 0.
19 Jesus Sentenced to Be Crucified. Crucifixion,  Death,  Burial of Jesus 4 0.
20 Empty Tomb. Jesus Appears to Mary Magdalene. Appears to His Disciples. Appears to Thomas. Purpose of John’s Gospel 3 0.
21 Jesus & Miraculous Catch of Fish. Jesus Reinstates Peter 2.8 0.
2 Acts 28 96.7 1:20:35 0
1 Jesus Taken Up Into Heaven. Matthias Chosen to Replace Judas 2.6 0.
2 Holy Spirit Comes at Pentecost. Peter Addresses Crowd. Fellowship of Believers 3.9 0.
3 Peter Heals Lame Beggar. Speaks to Onlookers 2.4 0.
4 Peter & John Before Sanhedrin.  Believers Pray.  Believers Share Their Possessions 3.4 0.  
5 Ananias & Sapphira. Apostles Heal Many. Apostles Persecuted 3.9 0.
6 Choosing of Seven. Stephen Seized 1.5 0.
7 Stephen’s Speech to Sanhedrin. Stoning of Stephen 5.5 0.
8 Church Persecuted & Scattered. Philip in Samaria. Simon Sorcerer. Philip & Ethiopian 3.4 0.
9 Saul’s Conversion. Saul in Damascus & Jerusalem. Aeneas & Dorcas 3.9 0.
10 Cornelius Calls for Peter. Peter’s Vision. Peter at Cornelius’s House 4.1 0.
11 Peter Explains His Actions 2.5 0.
12 Peter’s Miraculous Escape From Prison. Herod’s Death. Barnabas & Saul Sent Off 2.6 0.
13 Cyprus. Pisidian. Antioch 4.8 0.
14 Iconium. Lystra & Derbe 2.4 0.
15  Council at Jerusalem. Council’s Letter to Gentile Believers. Disagreement Between Paul & Barnabas 3.5 0.
16 Timothy Joins Paul & Silas. Paul’s Vision of Man of Macedonia. Lydia’s Conversion in Philippi. Paul & Silas in Prison 3.8 0.
17 Thessalonica. Berea. Athens 3.3 0.
18 Corinth. Priscilla. Aquila & Apollos 2.6 0.
19 Paul in Ephesus. Riot in Ephesus 3.7 0.
20 Through Macedonia & Greece. Eutychus Raised From Dead at Troas. Paul’s Farewell to Ephesian Elders 3.5 0.
21 Paul’s Arrival at Jerusalem, Arrested, Speaks to Crowd 4.1 0.
22 Paul Roman Citizen. Before Sanhedrin 3 0.
23 Plot to Kill Paul. Transferred to Caesarea 3.5 0.
24 Paul’s Trial Before Felix 2.4 0.
25 Paul’s Trial Before Festus. Festus Consults King Agrippa. Paul Before Agrippa 2.9 0.
26 Paul Before Agrippa 3.1 0.
27 Paul Sails for Rome. Storm. Shipwreck 4 0.
28 Paul Ashore on Malta. Arrival at Rome. Preaches at Rome Under Guard 3.1 0.
3 Pauline Epistles 74 159 2:12:30 0
1 Romans 16 39.1 32:35
1 Paul’s Longing to Visit Rome. God’s Wrath Against Sinful Humanity 2.7 0.
2 God’s Righteous Judgment. Jews & Law 2.5 0.
3 God’s Faithfulness. No One Is Righteous. Righteousness Through Faith 2.3 0.
4 Abraham Justified by Faith 2.3 0.
5 Peace & Hope. Death Through Adam, Life Through Christ 2 0.
6 Dead to Sin, Alive in Christ Slaves to Righteousness 2.1 0.
7 Released From Law, Bound to Christ Law & Sin 2.5 0.
8 Life Through Spirit. Present Suffering & Future Glory More Than Conquerors 3.6 0.
9 Paul’s Anguish Over Israel. God’s Sovereign Choice. Israel’s Unbelief 2.9 0.
10 Israel’s Unbelief 1.9 0.
11 Remnant of Israel. Ingrafted Branches. All Israel Will Be Saved. Doxology 3.2 0.
12 Living Sacrifice. Humble Service in Body of Christ. Love in Action 1.6 0.
13 Submission to Governing Authorities. Love Fulfills Law. Day Is Near 1.5 0.
14  Weak & Strong 2.1 0.
15 Paul Minister to Gentiles. Plan to Visit Rome 3 0.
16 Personal Greetings 2 0.
2 1 Corinthians 16 38.5 32:05
1 Thanksgiving. Church Divided Over Leaders. Christ Crucified Is God’s Power & Wisdom 2.6 0.
2 God’s Wisdom Revealed by Spirit 1.5 0.
3  Church & Its Leaders 1.8 0.
4 Nature of True Apostleship. Paul’s Appeal & Warning 2 0.
5 Dealing With Case of Incest 1.3 0.
6 Lawsuits Among Believers. Sexual Immorality 1.8 0.
7 Concerning Married Life. Change of Status. Unmarried 3.9 0.
8 Food Sacrificed to Idols 1.2 0.
9 Paul’s Rights as an Apostle. Paul’s Use of His Freedom. Need for Self-Discipline 2.7 0.
10 Warnings From Israel’s History. Idol Feasts & Lord’s Supper. Believer’s Freedom 2.6 0.
11 Covering Head in Worship. Correcting an Abuse of Lord’s Supper 2.8 0.
12 Concerning Spiritual Gifts. Unity & Diversity in Body. Love Is Indispensable 2.5 0.
13 Love Is Indispensable 1.1 0.
14 Intelligibility in Worship. Good Order in Worship 3.3 0.
15 Resurrections of Christ, Dead, Body 4.6 0.
16  Collection for Lord’s People. Personal Requests. Final Greetings 1.8 0.
4 Hebrews 13 28.4 23:40
1 God’s Final Word: His Son. Son Superior to Angels 1.3 0.
2 Warning to Pay Attention. Jesus Made Fully Human 1.8 0.
3 Jesus Greater Than Moses. Warning Against Unbelief 1.5 0.
4  Sabbath-Rest for People of God. Jesus Great High Priest 1.6 0.
5 Warning Against Falling Away 1.2 0.
6 Certainty of God’s Promise 1.7 0.
7 Melchizedek Priest. Jesus Like Melchizedek 2.5 0.
8 High Priest of New Covenant 1.6 0.
9 Worship in Earthly Tabernacle. Blood of Christ 2.8 0.
10 Christ’s Sacrifice. Once for All. Call to Persevere in Faith 3.2 0.
11 Faith in Action 3.6 0.
12 God Disciplines His Children. Warning & Encouragement. Mountain of Fear & Mountain of Joy 2.8 0.
13 Concluding Exhortations. Benediction & Final Greetings 2.1 0.
 
   
5 General Epistles 14 28.2 23:30
5 2 John 0 0 0
1 Concluding Affirmations
6 3 John 0 0 0
Concluding Affirmations
4 1 John 0 0 0
1 Incarnation of Word of Life. Light & Darkness. Sin & Forgiveness 0 0.
2 Love & Hatred for Fellow Believers. Reasons for Writing On Not Loving World. Warnings Against Denying Son. God’s Children & Sin
3 More on Love & Hatred
4 Denying Incarnation God’s Love & Ours
5 Faith in Incarnate Son of God. Concluding Affirmations
6 Pastoral Epistles 13 20.2 16:50
   
7 Revelation 22 47 39.17
1 Prologue. Greetings & Doxology. John’s Vision of Christ 2.2 0.
2 To Church in Ephesus. To Church in Smyrna. To Church in Pergamum. To Church in Thyatira 3.2 0.
3 To Church in Sardis. To Church in Philadelphia. To Church in Laodicea 2.6 0.
4 Throne in Heaven 1.4 0.
5  Scroll & Lamb 1.6 0.
6 Seals 2 0.
7 144,000 Sealed. Great Multitude in White Robes 1.9 0.
8 Seventh Seal & Golden Censer Trumpets 1.6 0.
9 Trumpets 2.2 0.
10  Angel & Little Scroll 1.4 0.
11 Two Witnesses. Seventh Trumpet 2.3 0.
12  Woman & Dragon 2.1 0.
13 Beast out of Sea.  Beast out of Earth 2.1 0.
14 Lamb & 144,000.  Three Angels. Harvesting Earth & Trampling Winepress 2.5 0.
15 Seven Angels With Seven Plagues 1 0.
16 Seven Bowls of God’s Wrath 2.1 0.
17 Babylon. Prostitute on Beast 2.1 0.
18 Lament Over Fallen Babylon. Warning to Escape Babylon’s Judgment. Threefold Woe Over Babylon’s Fall.  Finality of Babylon’s Doom 2.8 0.
19 Threefold Hallelujah Over Babylon’s Fall.  Heavenly Warrior Defeats Beast 2.5 0.
20  Thousand Years.  Judgment of Satan. Judgment of Dead 1.9 0.
21  New Heaven & New Earth. New Jerusalem. Bride of Lamb 2.8 0.
22 Eden Restored. John & Angel. Epilogue: Invitation & Warning 2.2 0.