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There are 92 Free Audio History books for Italy. The books contain 34,895 Pages and is read in 5:3:19.
This Chapter page for Italy is 94 pages and takes 1 hour 26 minutes to read. |
| 0 Organized by size 1,160 |
| 1 Subjects 10 290/88,808 |
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2 Countries 986 1,119/408,662
1  USA 331 313/125,417  |
2  UK 154 245/63,334 |
3  Italy 92 94/34,895 |
4  Greece 81 48.9/30,136 |
5  India 35 36.36/28,016 |
6  France 41 74.5/25,395 |
7  Germany 41 25.26/14,394 |
8  Israel 32 51.2/9,399 |
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11  Canada 15 8/6,294 |
12  Mexico 12 22.6/6,082 |
13  Russia 13 10/4,794 |
14  Iraq 9 9.33/4,599 |
15  Australia 9 7.85/4,120 |
16  China 15 6.36/4,097 |
17  Ireland 8 4.14/4,010 |
18  Japan 11 8.5/3,727 |
19  Iran 13 7.75/3,338 |
20  Netherlands 5 19.6/2,953 |
21  Philipinnes 6 32.5/2,794 |
23  South Africa 5 2.4/1,609 |
24  Cuba 1 19.5/1,473 |
25  Sudan 2 .83/1,100 |
26  Congo 1 .95/1,019 |
27  Turkey 2 1/807 |
28  Indonesia 1 2.75/803 |
29  Norway 3 1.42/759 |
30  Brazil 1 .34/754 |
31  Czeck Rep. 1 1.48/701 |
32  Denmark 1 .6/666 |
33  Equador 1 1.4/490 |
34  Iceland 1 1.08/490 |
35  Haiti 1 1.4/468 |
36  Zimbabwe 1 .63/350 |
37  New Zealand 1 .9/346 |
38  Afghanistan 1 .57/304 |
39  Thailand 1 .95/304 |
40  Tunisia 1 .54/301 |
41  Liberia 1 .85/83 |
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 2 Catholic Church 27
12,578 209:38 8D 17H 38M.
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2  1893 Church History, V3/3 by Kurtz  959 15:59.  |
3  1859 Ancient Church Its History, Doctrine, Worship, & Constitution by Killen 941 15:41. |
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6  1914 History of Catholic Church from Renaissance to French Revolution by MacCaffrey
602 10:02. 1 2 |
7  1587 Foxe's Book of Martyrs, History of Lives, Sufferings, & Triumphant Deaths of Early Christian & Protestant Martyrs by FOXE 1
572 9:31:52. 2 |
8  1909 Popes & Science: History of Papal Relations to Science During Middle Ages & Down to Our Own Time by Walsh 558 9:18. |
9  1914 History of Catholic Church from Renaissance to French Revolution - V1 by MacCaffrey
570 9:10. 1 2 |
10  1876 Gospels in 2nd Century An Examination of Critical Part of Work Entitled 'Supernatural Religion' by Sanday 553 8:53. $10 |
11  1935 Origins of Christianity By Thomas WHITTAKER 499 8:18:55. |
12  1898 Christianity: Its Evidences, Its Origin, Its Morality, Its History by Besant 485 8:05. |
13  1911 War Upon Religion Being an Account of Rise & Progress of Anti-christianism in Europe by Cunningham 500 8:00. $8 |
14  1878 History of Conflict Between Religion & Science by Draper 448 7:28. |
15 1900 Short History of Monks & Monasteries by Wishart
370 6:10. $10 |
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18  1849 33 - 1517 Sketches of Church History by Robertson
283 4:43. $3 |
19  1906 461 - 1003 Church & Barbarians Being an Outline of History of Church by Hutton
267 4:27. $10 |
20  1892 Bridge of History Over Gulf of Time: Popular View of Historical Evidence for Truth of Christianity By COOPER
238 3:57:38. |
21  1869 Key to Knowledge of Church Ancient History by Blunt
188 3:08. |
22  Bible in Its Making By DUFF 177 2:56:56. |
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24  1920 Landmarks in History of Early Christianity by Lake
168 2:48. |
25  1910 Gods Troubadour Story of St. Francis of Assisi 1181 - 1226 by Jewett 151 2:30:20. |
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27  1551 Treatise on Purgatory by Catherine 42 41:14. |
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 3 Rome 17
9,820 163:40 6D 19H 40M. 
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1  Roman Writers 43 19,956 11.5D
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3  Metamorphosis or Golden Ass
By Lucius APULEIUS
125 - 180 55
149,000W 596 9:55:10. |
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5  66 Satyricon
By Gaius Petronius ARBITER (c. 27 - 66)
119,000W 476 7:56:03
| 1 Adventures of Encolpius & His Companions |
| 2 Dinner of Trimalchio |
| 3 Further Adventures of Encolpius & His Companions |
| 4 Encolpius, Giton & Eumolpus Escape by Sea |
| 5 Affairs at Crotona. |
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6  180 Meditations
By Marcus Aurelius 121 - 80
105,000W 420 6:59:06 191M
1 concerning HIMSELF |
21 5 Ideas |
31 7 Ideas |
4 43 Ideas |
5 30 Ideas |
6 54 Ideas |
7 44 Ideas |
8 48 Ideas |
9 43 Ideas |
10 38 Ideas |
11 31 Ideas |
12 28 Ideas |
13 Marcus Aurilius Antoninus by George Long |
14 Philosophy of Marcus Aurilius by George Long. |
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7  524 Theological Tractates & Consolation of Philosophy
by Boethius, Anicius Manlius Severinus 480 - 524
102,646W 411 6:51
| 1 NOTE ON TEXT |
| 2 THEOLOGICAL TRACTATES |
| 3 CONSOLATION OF PHILOSOPHY |
| 4 SYMMACHI VERSUS. |
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8  63 BC Catiline Conspiracy & Jugurthine War 111-105 B.C.
by Sallust 86-34
116,000W 464 6:43:42 184M
3-8 Cataline Conspiracy |
9 Introduction to Jugurthine War |
10-21 Jugurthine War. |
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9  100s Satires
By Decimus Iunius IUVENALIS
5:09:49. |
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10  De Agricultura
By Marcus Porcius CATO (236 BC - 149 BC)
56,750W 227 03:47:01. |
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11  Fables of Phaedrus
By PHAEDRUS (15 BC - 50 AD) & Henry Thomas RILEY (1816 - 1878)
24,000W 96 1:55:32. |
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12  2nd apology
By
Justin martyr 103 - 65
7,500W 30 29:49 13.6M. 1st 2nd |
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15  On Laws
By Marcus Tullius CICERO
106 - 43 BCE
63,000W 252 4:11:28. |
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16 43 BC Philippics
by Cicero 106 - 43 BC
146,750W 587 9:46:24 170M
1 Criticises legislation of consuls in office Mark Antony & Publius Cornelius Dolabella, who offended Caesar |
2A Attacks on Mark Antony including accusation that he surpasses, in his political ambition, Lucius Sergius Catilina & Pulcher |
2B Catalogue of atrocities of Mark Antony. It is longest of Cicero's Philippic speeches. |
3 Cicero calls on Senate to act against Marc Antony. He demands that Senate shows solidarity with Octavian & Decimus Brutus |
4 Cicero considers Mark Antony as a public enemy & argues that peace with Mark Antony is inconceivable. |
5 Urges Senate not to send an embassy to Mark Antony & warns of his intentions. Proposes that Senate honours Decimus Junius Brutus |
6 Considers embassy carried out by Senate as a delayed declaration of war on Mark Antony. Appeals to fight for freedom. |
7 Presents himself as an attorney of peace, but considers war against Mark Antony without negotiations as a dem & of moment. |
8 Concludes political situation is de facto a war. Peace under him would be same as slavery. Soldier amnesties & Dates |
9 Demands that Senate honours Servius Sulpicius Rufus, who died during embassy to Mark Antony. Senate agrees |
10 Praises military deeds of Marcus Junius Brutus in Macedonia & Illyricum. Demands Senate to confirm Brutus Govern of Macedonia |
11 Castigates Dolabella for murdering Gaius Trebonius, governor of Asia. Demands governorship of Syria for Gaius Cassius Longinus |
12 Rejects 2nd embassy to Mark Antony, even though he was 1st ready to participate in it. Senate agrees to this proposal. |
13 Accuses Mark Antony for conducting war in North Italy (Battle of Mutina).rejects invitation to peace by Marcus Aemilius Lepidus |
14 Proposes a thanksgiving festival & praises victorious commanders in chief & their troops. Says Marc Antony is enemy. |
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17  387 On Duties of Clergy
by Saint Ambrose
131,000W 524 8:43:54 240M. |
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18  43 BC On Nature of Gods
By Marcus Tullius CICERO
106 - 43 BCE
100,000W 400 6:39:54 |
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19 430 City of God
By Saint Augustine 354 - 430
607,000W 2,428 40:27:49 1.07G
1 Church's answer to Paganism |
2 Church's Indictment of Paganism |
3 Exposure of Pagan Dieties |
4 Traces of Spiritual Religions among Pagans |
5 Liberty of Christian & Freedom of Pagan Rome, a Contrast |
6 Dieties of Rome unable to confere Eternal Life unworthy of Worship |
7 Natural Theology Insufficient |
8 Platonism, Highest Philosophy |
9 Demons of Paganism & Angels of Christianity |
10 Worship of Truin God & Doctrine of Incarnation |
11 Creation of World, it's Siginificance, Purpose & Goodness |
12 Creation of Man & Origin of Evil |
13 Fall of Man & Consequences |
14 2 States |
15 Biblical account of Course of 2 States |
16 Prophetical Reference to these States |
17 Augury Vs Prophecy |
18 Ideals of Life & Object of Existence |
19 Life to Come |
20 Sin, it's Punishments & Forgiveness. |
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21 420 Enchiridion
By Saint Augustine 354 - 430 75
68,000W 272 2:32 70M
| 1 Creed & Lord's Prayer |
| 2 God Creator of All |
| 3 Problem of Evil |
| 4 Kinds of Error |
| 5 Problem of Lying |
| 6 Limits of Knowledge & Certainty |
| 7 Plight of Man after Fall |
| 8 Replacement of fallen angels by elect men |
| 9 Necessity of Grace |
| 10 Christ Mediator |
| 11 Holy Spirit |
| 12 Baptism & Original Sin |
| 13 Heavenly & Earthly Divisions |
| 14 Forgiveness of sins in Church |
| 15 Faith & Works |
| 16 Almsgiving & Forgiveness |
| 17 Spiritual Almsgiving |
| 18 Problems of Casuistry |
| 19 2 causes of Sin |
| 20 Reality of Resurrection |
| 21 Solution to Spiritual Enigmas |
| 22 Predestination & Justice of God |
| 23 Triumph of God's Good Will |
| 24 Limits of God's Plan for Human Salvation |
| 25 Destiny of Man |
| 26 Last Things |
| 27 Principles of Christian Living |
| 28 Faith & Hope |
| 29 Love |
| 30 End of All Law. |
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22 Works
By Tacitus
56 - 117
227,250W 909 15:08:36 415M
| 1 Dedication to sir Robert wadpole |
| 2 upon former English translations of tacitus |
| 3 Upon Tacitus & his writings |
| 4 Upon caesar dictator |
| 5 Upon Octavius Caesar, afterward called Augustus |
| 6 Of Governments free & arbitrary |
| 7 Of old law of treason |
| 8 Of accusations of accusers under emperors |
| 9 Of General debasement of spirit & adulation
which accompany power unlimited |
| 10 Upon courts
Of Armies & Conquest |
| 11 reign of Augustus |
| 12 Tiberius Takes Throne |
| 13 Sedition at Panonia |
| 14 German Insurrection |
| 15 Rise of Germanicus |
| 16 Conflict in Armenia |
| 17 Libo's Rebellion |
| 18 Debates in Senate |
| 19 Various Rebellions |
| 20 African Conflicts |
| 21 Death of Germanicus |
| 22 Disgrace of Piso |
| 23 Conflict with Upper Classes |
| 24 Tiberius Pleads with Senate |
| 25 International Relations Under Tiberius. |
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24  46 BC Cicero's Brutus or History of Famous Orators: also His Orator, or Accomplished Speaker.
by Cicero, Marcus Tullius
83,188W 164 2:44. |
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28 421 Agricola
By Tacitus
56 - 117
22,500W 90 1:29:16 40.8M
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29 Germania
By Tacitus
56 - 117
17,500W 70 1:09:54 32M. |
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31  Peace of Mind
By Lucius Annaeus SENECA (4 - 65)
20,750W 83 1:22:40. |
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32  On Shortness of Life
by Seneca Younger 4 BC - 65 AD
16,250W 65 1:04:19 29.4M. |
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40  377 Concerning Virgins
by Saint Ambrose
67,500W 270 2:29:21 68.4M
| 1 epistle of polycarp 69 - 155 to Philippians |
| 2 epistles by St. Ignatius of Antioch 35 - 117 turkey |
| 31 st apology by Saint Justin Martyr 103 - 65. |
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20  Confessions By Saint Augustine 354 - 430 76 188,250W 753 12:32:41 344M
1
1 His infancy & boyhood up to age 14 |
| 2 Inability to remember sins he committed |
3 Children show us what we would be if we weren't taught to wait turn, God teaches us to think of oth |
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2
| 1 Among bad people who make him steal & philander |
2 Why he needlessly stole Group mentality |
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3
| 1 Studies at Carthage |
2 conversion to Manichaeism & more philandering yrs 16-19 |
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4
1 Death of a friend |
| 2 studies in Aristotle |
| 3 Fit & fair between 20 & 29 |
| 4 grief |
5 Things he used to love become hateful to him because everything reminds him of what was lost |
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5
1 movement away from Manichaeism under influence of St Ambrose in Milan at 29 |
2 feels a sense of resigned acceptance to these fables as he has not yet formed a spiritual core |
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6
1 movement towards Christianity under influence of St Ambrose at 30 |
2 taken aback by Ambrose's kindness but still does not underst & substance of his teachings |
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7
1 rejection of Manichee dualism & Neoplatonist view of God at 31 |
2 struggles to create his own views on God which moves him towards better understanding of God |
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8
1 continued inner turmoil on whether to convert to Christianity at 32 |
| 2 Augustine reads Romans 1313-14 & converts |
3 Alypius follows |
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9
1 aptism done by Ambrose at 33 |
| 2 death of his mother Monica |
3 death of his friends Nebridius & Vecundus, & his abandonment of his studies of rhetoric |
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10
1 reflections on values of confessions |
2 reflections on values of Workings of Memory related to 5 senses |
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11
| 1 Reflections on Genesis |
2 searching for meaning of time |
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12
1 Continued reflections on book of Genesis |
2 Augustine especially focuses on language used to tell creation story |
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13
1 Exploration of meaning of Genesis & Trinity. |
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23  Histories By Tacitus
56 - 117 165,750W 663 11:02:53 303M
1
| 1 Jan-March AD 69 Preface |
| 2 State of Empire |
| 3 Galba's Position |
| 4 Distribution of Forces |
| 5 German Revolt & Adoption of Piso |
| 6 Galba's Measures of Precaution |
| 7 Rise of Otho |
| 8 Fall of Galba |
| 9 Otho on Throne |
| 10 Dramatis Personae |
| 11 Rise of Vitellius |
| 12 March of Valens' Column |
| 13 March of Caecina's Column |
| 14 Otho's Government & Distribution of Forces |
| 15 Otho's Plans |
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2
| 1 Vespasian & East |
| 2 Trial of Annius Faustus |
| 3 Otho's Measures of Defence |
| 4 Decisive Struggle |
| 5 Vitellius' Principate |
| 6 Revolt of Vespasian |
| 7 Vitellius in Rome |
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3
| 1 Antonius' Advance |
| 2 Dissension in Vitellius' Camp |
| 3 Engagement near Cremona |
| 4 Fate of Cremona |
| 5 Vitellius |
| 6 State of Provinces |
| 7 Antonius' Advance from Cremona |
| 8 Vitellius' Measures of Defence |
| 9 Passage of Apennines |
| 10 Abdication of Vitellius & Burning of Capitol |
| 11 Taking of Tarracina |
| 12 Sack of Rome & end of Vitellius |
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4
| 1 Rome after Fall of Vitellius |
| 2 Revolt of Civilis & Batavi |
| 3 Mutiny of Batavian Cohorts |
| 4 Siege of Vetera |
| 5 Relief of Vetera |
| 6 Rome & Empire under Vespasian |
| 7 Loss of Germany |
| 8 Ebb-tide of Revolt |
| 9 Events in Rome & East |
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5
| 1 Conquest of Judaea |
| 2 End of German Revolt. |
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26  Metamorphoses
By Publius (Ovid) OVIDIUS NASO (c. 43 BC - 18 AD)
222,750W 891 14:50:08. |
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27  Heroides
By Publius (Ovid) OVIDIUS NASO (c. 43 BC - 18 AD)
78,750W 315 5:14:36
| 1 Penelope to Ulysses |
| 2 Phyllis to Demophoon |
| 3 Briseis to Achilles |
| 4 Phaedra to Hippolytus |
| 5 Oenone to Paris |
| 6 Hypsipyle to Jason |
| 7 Dido to Aeneas |
| 8 Hermione to Orestes |
| 9 Deianira to Hercules |
| 10 Ariadne to Theseus |
| 11 Canace to Macareus |
| 12 Medea to Jason |
| 13 Laodamia to Protesilaus |
| 14 Hypermnestra to Lynceus |
| 15 Sappho to Phaon |
| 16 Paris to Helen |
| 17 Helen to Paris |
| 18 Leander to Hero |
| 19 Hero to Leander |
| 20 Acontius to Cydippe. |
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28  29-19 BC Aeneid
by Virgil
114,000W 456P 7:35:41 208M
| 1 Aeneas encounters a storm & is cast ashore at Carthage |
| 2 hero tells Dido of his escape from Troy |
| 3 Wanderings of Aeneas Harpies, meeting with Helenus Death of Anchises |
| 4 Dido's passion for Aeneas At Jupiter's command, Aeneas departs Dido kills herself |
| 5 Aeneas reaches Sicily Funeral games for Anchises |
| 6 Aeneas with Sibyl at Cumae He meets Anchises in Underworld |
| 7 Aeneas in Latium Latinus promises Lavinia Juno & Allecto start war Italian hero Catalogue |
| 8 Aeneas gets Evander & Etruscans help Hercules & CaArmour from Vulcan |
| 9 Turnus attacks Trojan camp Nisus & Euryalus camp is hard pressed |
| 10 Council of gods Tuscan catalogue Turnus kills Pallas Juno saves Turnus from raging Aeneas Aeneas kills Mezentius |
| 11 Burial of Pallas Diomedes' refusal Council Drances abuses Turnus Trojans attack Death of Camilla |
| 12 Single combat arranged, but treachery provokes a general engagement Trojans attack city In single combat, Aeneas kills Turnus. |
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29  1912 Stories from Virgil
By Alfred John CHURCH
78,500W 314 5:13:12. |
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30  Georgica
By VIRGIL (70 BC - 19 BC)
51,000W 204 3:23:28. |
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1 79 Natural History Vol 1-3/4 By PLINY ELDER (23 - 79) 573,000W 2,292 38:11:41
1 11:43:42
1 Life & Writings of Pliny |
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2 Dedication, Plinius Secundus to his friend Titus Vespasian |
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3
| 1 Whether world be finite |
| 2 form of world |
| 3 its nature |
| 4 whence name is derived |
| 5 elements & planets |
| 6 God |
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4
| 1 nature of stars |
| 2 motion of planets |
| 3 eclipses of moon & sun |
| 4 magnitude of stars |
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5
| 1 account of observations that have been made on heavens by many individuals |
| 2 On recurrence of eclipses of sun & moon |
| 3 motion of moon |
| 4 motions of planets |
| 5 Why same stars appear at some times more lofty & at other times more near |
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6
| 1 Why same stars have different motions |
| 2 General laws of planets |
| 3 reason why stars are of different colours |
| 4 Of motion of sun & cause of irregularity of days |
| 5 Why thunder is ascribed to Jupiter |
| 6 distance of stars |
| 7 harmony of stars |
| 8 dimensions of world |
| 9 stars which appear suddenly, or of comets |
| 10 Their nature, situation & species |
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7
| 1 doctrine of Hipparchus about stars |
| 2 Examples from history of celestial prodigies |
| 3 Of colours of sky & of celestial flame |
| 4 Of celestial coronae |
| 5 Of sudden circles |
| 6 unusually long eclipses of sun |
| 7 Many suns |
| 8 Many moons |
| 9 Daylight in night |
| 10 Burning shields |
| 11 ominous appearance in heaven, that was seen only once |
| 12 stars which move about in various directions |
| 13 stars which are named Castor & Pollux |
| 14 On air & on cause of showers of stones |
| 15 stated seasons |
| 16 rising of dog-star |
| 17 regular influence of different seasons |
| 18 uncertain states of weather |
| 19 thunder & lightining |
| 20 origin of winds |
| 21 Various observations respecting winds |
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8
| 1 different kinds of winds |
| 2 periods of winds |
| 3 Nature of winds |
| 4 Ecnephias & Typhon |
| 5 Tornadoes |
| 6 Blasting winds |
| 7 Whirlwinds & other wonderful kinds of tempests |
| 8 thunder - in what countries it does not fall & for what reason |
| 9 different kinds of lightining & their wonderful effects |
| 10 Etrurian & Roman observations on this point |
| 11 conjuring up thunder |
| 12 General laws of lightning |
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9
| 1 Objects which are never struck |
| 2 Showers of milk, blood, flesh, iron, wool & baked tiles |
| 3 Rattling of arms & sound of trumpets heard in sky |
| 4 Of stones that have fallen from clouds |
| 5 rainbow |
| 6 nature of hail, snow, hoar, mist, dew |
| 7 forms of clouds |
| 8 peculiarities of weather in different places |
| 9 Nature of earth |
| 10 form of earth |
| 11 Whether there be antipodes |
| 12 How water is connected with earth |
| 13 navigation of sea & rivers |
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10
| 1 Whether ocean surrounds earth |
| 2 What part of world is inhabited |
| 3 That earth is in middle of world |
| 4 Of obliquity of zones |
| 5 Of inequality of climates |
| 6 In what places eclipses are invisible, & why this is case |
| 7 What regulates daylight on earth |
| 8 remarks on dials as connected to this subject |
| 9 When & where there are no shadows |
| 10 Where this takes place twice in year & where shadows fall in opposite direction |
| 11 Where days are longest & where shortest |
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11
| 1 1st dial |
| 2 Of mode in which days are computed |
| 3 Of difference of nations as depending on nature of world |
| 4 Of earthquakes |
| 5 Of clefts of earth |
| 6 Signs of an approaching earthquake |
| 7 Preservatives against future earthquakes |
| 8 Prodigies of earth which have occurred once only |
| 9 Wonderful circumstances attending earthquakes |
| 10 In what places sea has receded |
| 11 mode in which islands rise up |
| 12 What islands have been formed, & at what periods |
| 13 Lands which have been separated by sea |
| 14 Islands which have been united to main land |
| 15 Lands which have been totally changed into seas |
| 16 Lands which have been swallowed up |
| 17 Cities which have been absorbed by sea |
| 18 vents in earth |
| 19 certain lands which are always shaking, & of floating islands |
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12
| 1 Places in which it never rains |
| 2 wonders of various countries collected together |
| 3 Concerning cause of fowing & ebbing of sea |
| 4 Where tides rise & fall in an unusual manner |
| 5 Wonders of sea |
| 6 power of moon over l & & sea |
| 7 power of sun |
| 8 Why sea is salt |
| 9 Where sea is deepest |
| 10 wonders of fountains & rivers |
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13
| 1 Summary wonders of fire & water united |
| 2 Of Maltha |
| 3 Of naphtha |
| 4 Places which are always burning |
| 5 Wonders of fire alone |
| 6 dimensions of earth |
| 7 harmonical proportions of universe |
| 8 Summary |
| 9 Roman authors quoted |
| 10 Foreign authors quoted |
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14
| 1 boundaries & gulfs of Europe 1st set forth in a general way |
| 2 Spain generally |
| 3 Baetica |
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16
| 1 province of Gallia Narbonensis |
| 2 Italy |
| 3 9th region of Italy |
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17
| 17 th region of Italy |
| 21 st region of Italy |
| 3 Tiber |
| 4 Rome |
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18
| 13 rd region of Italy |
| 26 4 islands, among which are Baleares |
| 3 Corsica |
| 4 Sardinia |
| 5 Sicily |
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19
| 1 Magna Graecia, beginning at Locri |
| 22 nd region of Italy |
| 3 4th region of Italy |
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20
| 1 5th region of Italy |
| 26 th region of Italy |
| 3 8th region of Italy |
| 4 Padus |
| 5 11th region of Italy |
| 6 Italia Transpadana |
| 7 10th region of Italy |
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21
| 1 Summary Istria, its people & locality |
| 2 Alps & Alpine nations |
| 3 Liburnia & Illyricum |
| 4 Dalmatia |
| 5 Norici |
| 6 Pannonia |
| 7 Moesia |
| 8 Islands of Ionic Sea & Adriatic |
| 9 Summary |
| 10 Roman authors quoted |
| 11 Foreign authors quoted |
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22
| 1 Epirus |
| 2 Acarnania |
| 3 Aetolia |
| 4 Locris & Phocis |
| 5 Peloponnesus |
| 6 Achaia |
| 7 Messenia |
| 8 Laconia |
| 9 Argolis |
| 10 Arcadia |
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23
| 1 Attica |
| 2 Boeotia |
| 3 Doris |
| 4 Phthiotis |
| 5 Thessaly Proper |
| 6 Magnesia |
| 7 Macedonia |
| 8 Thrace |
| 9 Aegean Sea |
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24
| 1 islands which lie before lands already mentioned |
| 2 Crete |
| 3 Euboeia |
| 4 Cyclades |
| 5 Sporades |
| 6 Hellespont - lake Maeotis |
| 7 Dacia, Sarmatia |
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25
| 1 islands of Euxine |
| 2 islands of northern ocean |
| 3 Germany |
| 4 96 islands of Gallic Ocean |
| 5 Britannia |
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26
| 1 Summary Gallia Belgica |
| 2 Gallia Lugdunensis |
| 3 Gallia Aquitanica |
| 4 Nearer Spain, its coast along Gallic Ocean |
| 5 Lusitania |
| 6 islands in Atlantic Ocean |
| 7 general measurement of Europe |
| 8 Summary |
| 9 Roman authors quoted |
| 10 Foreign authors quoted |
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27
| 1 Two Mauritanias |
| 2 Numidia |
| 3 Africa |
|
|
28
| 1 Syrtes |
| 2 Cyrenaica |
| 3 Libya Mareotis |
| 4 islands in vicinity of Africa |
| 5 Countries on other side of Africa |
|
|
29
| 1 Egypt & Thebais |
| 2 River Nile |
| 3 cities of Egypt |
| 4 coasts of Arabia, situate on Egyptian sea |
| 5 Syria |
|
|
30
| 1 Idumaea |
| 2 Palaestina & Samaria |
| 3 Judaea |
| 4 Decapolis |
| 5 Phoenice |
| 6 Syria Antiochia |
| 7 remaining parts of Syria |
|
|
31
| 1 Euphrates |
| 2 Syria upon Euphrates |
| 3 Cilicia & adjoining nations |
| 4 Isauria & Homonades |
| 5 Pisidia |
| 6 Lycaonia |
| 7 Pamphylia |
| 8 Mount Taurus |
| 9 Lycia |
|
|
32
| 1 Caria |
| 2 Lydia |
| 3 Ionia |
| 4 Aeolis |
|
|
33
| 1 Troas & adjoining nations |
| 2 islands which lie in front of Asia |
| 3 Cyprus |
| 4 Rhodes |
| 5 Samos |
| 6 Chios |
| 7 Lesbos |
|
|
34
| 1 Summary Hellespont & Mysia |
| 2 Phrygia |
| 3 Galatia & adjoining nations |
| 4 Bithynia |
| 5 islands of Propontis |
| 6 Summary |
| 7 Roman authors quoted |
| 8 Foreign authors quoted |
|
|
|
|
2 14:02:52
1
| 1 Euxine & Maryandini |
| 2 Paphlagonia |
| 3 Cappadocia |
| 4 region of Themiscyra & nations therein |
| 5 region of Colica, nations of Achaei & other nations in same parts |
|
|
2
| 1 Cimmerian Bosporus |
| 2 Lake Maeotis & adjoining nations |
| 3 situation of Cappadocia |
| 4 Lesser & Greater Armenia |
| 5 rivers Cyrus & Araxes |
| 6 Albania, Iberia & adjoining nations |
| 7 passes of Caucasus |
| 8 islands of Euxine |
| 9 nations in vicinity of Scythian Ocean |
|
|
3
| 1 Caspian & Hyrcanean sea |
| 2 Adiabene |
| 3 Media & Caspian Gates |
| 4 nations situated around Hyrcanian sea |
| 5 nations of Scythia & countries on Eastern Ocean |
| 6 Seres |
|
|
4
| 1 nations of India |
| 2 Ganges |
| 3 Indus |
|
|
5
| 1 Taprobane |
| 2 Ariani & adjoining nations |
| 3 voyages to India |
|
|
6
| 1 Carmania |
| 2 Persian & Arabian Gulfs |
| 3 Parthian Empire |
| 4 Mesopotamia |
| 5 Tigris |
|
|
7
| 1 Arabia |
| 2 gulfs of Red Sea |
| 3 Troglodytice |
|
|
8
| 1 Aethiopia |
| 2 Islands of Aethiopian Sea |
| 3 Fortunate Islands |
|
|
9
| 1 comparative distances of places on face of earth |
| 2 division of earth into parallels & shadows of equal length |
| 3 summary |
| 4 Roman authors quoted |
| 5 foreign authors quoted |
|
|
10 Man
| 1 wonderful forms of different nations |
| 2 marvellous births |
| 3 generation of man |
| 4 unusual duration of pregnancy |
| 5 instances of it from 7 to 12 months |
|
|
11
| 1 Indications of sex of child during pregnancy of mother |
| 2 monstrous births |
| 3 of those who have been cut out of womb |
| 4 who were called Vopisci |
| 5 conception & generation of man |
| 6 striking instances of resemblance |
| 7 what men are suited for generation |
| 8 instances of very numerous offspring |
| 9 at what age generation ceases |
| 10 remarkables circumstances connected with menstrual discharge |
|
|
12
| 1 theory of generation |
| 2 some account of teeth & some facts concerning infants |
| 3 examples of unusual size |
| 4 chldren remarkable for their precocity |
| 5 some remarkable properties of body |
| 6 instances of extraordinary strength |
| 7 instances of remarkable agility |
| 8 instances of acuteness of sight |
| 9 instances of remarkable acuteness in hearing |
| 10 instances of endurance of pain |
|
|
13
| 1 Memory |
| 2 vigour of mind |
| 3 clemency & greatness of mind |
| 4 heroic exploits |
| 5 union in same person of three of highest qualities with greatest purity |
| 6 instances of extreme courage |
| 7 men of remarkable genius |
| 8 men who have been remarkable for wisdom |
|
|
14
| 1 Precepts most useful in life |
| 2 divination |
| 3 man who was pronounced to be most excellent |
| 4 most chaste matrons |
| 5 instances of highest degree of affection |
| 6 names of men who have excelled in arts, astrology, grammar & medicine |
| 7 geometry & architecture |
| 8 painting, engraving on bronze, marble & ivory, carving |
| 9 slaves for which a high price has been given |
| 10 supreme happiness |
| 11 rare instances of good fortune continuing in same family |
| 12 remarkable example of vicissitudes |
| 13 remarkable examples of honours |
|
|
15
| 1 10 very fortunate circumstances which have happened to same person |
| 2 misfortunes of Augustus |
| 3 men whom gods have pronounced to be most happy |
| 4 man whom gods ordered to be worshipped during his life-time |
| 5 a remarkable flash of lightning |
| 6 greatest length of life |
| 7 variety of destinies at birth of man |
|
|
16
| 1 Various instances of diseases |
| 2 death |
| 3 persons who have come to life again after being laid out for burial |
| 4 instances of sudden death |
| 5 burial |
| 6 Manes, or departed spirits of soul |
|
|
17 inventors of various things |
|
18
| 1 things about which mankind 1st of all agreed |
| 2 ancient letters |
| 3 when barbers were first employed |
| 4 when 1st time-pieces were made |
| 5 summary |
| 6 Roman authors quoted |
| 7 foreign authors quoted |
|
|
19 Elephants
| 1 their capacity |
| 2 when elephants were first put into harness |
| 3 docility of elephant |
| 4 wonderful things which have been done by elephant |
| 5 instinct of wild animals when perceiving danger |
| 6 when elephants were 1st seen in Italy |
| 7 combats of elephants |
| 8 way in which elephants are caught |
| 9 method by which they are tamed |
| 10 birth of elephant & other particulars respecting it |
| 11 in what countries elephant is found |
| 12 antipathy of elephant & dragon |
| 13 sagacity of these animals |
|
|
20
| 1 Dragons |
| 2 serpents of remarkable size |
| 3 animals of Scythis: bison |
| 4 animals of north: elk, achlis & bonasus |
5 lions
| 1 how they are produced |
| 2 different species of lions |
| 3 peculiar character of lion |
| 4 who it was that 1st introduced combats of lions at Rome |
| 5 wonderful feats performed by lions |
|
| 6 man recognized & saved by a dragon |
|
|
21
| 1 Panthers |
| 2 decree of Senate, & laws respecting African animals |
| 3 tigers: when 1st seen at Rome, their nature |
| 4 camels: different kinds |
| 5 cameleopard: when it was 1st seen at Rome |
| 6 chama & cepus |
| 7 rhinoceros |
| 8 lynx, sphynx, crocotta & monkey |
| 9 terrestrial animals of India |
10 animals of Aethiopia
| 1 a wild beast which kills with its eye |
| 2 serpents called basilisks |
| 3 wolves |
| 4 different kinds of serpents |
|
|
|
22
| 1 ichneumon |
| 2 crocodile |
| 3 seincus |
| 4 hippopotamus |
| 5 who 1st exhibited hippopotamus & crocodile at Rome |
| 6 medicinal remedies which have been borrowed from animals |
| 7 prognostics of danger derived from animals |
| 8 nations that have been exterminated by animals |
| 9 hyaena |
| 10 crocotta, mantichora |
| 11 wild asses |
| 12 beavers |
| 13 amphibious animals |
| 14 otters |
|
|
23
| 1 Bramble-frogs |
| 2 sea-calf |
| 3 beavers |
| 4 lizards |
| 5 stags |
| 6 chameleon |
| 7 other animals which change colors |
| 8 tarandus, lycaon & thos |
| 9 porcupine |
| 10 bears & their cubs |
| 11 mice of Pontus & Alps |
| 12 hedgehogs |
|
|
24
| 1 leontophonus & lynx |
| 2 badgers & squirrels |
| 3 vipers & snails |
| 4 lizards |
| 5 qualities of dog |
| 6 examples of its attachment to its master |
| 7 nations which have kept dogs for purpose of war |
| 8 generation of dog |
| 9 remedies against canine madness |
| 10 nature of horse |
| 11 disposition of horse |
| 12 remarkable facts concerning chariot horses |
| 13 generation of horse |
| 14 mares impregnated by wind |
| 15 ass: its generation |
| 16 nature of mules & other beasts of burden |
|
|
25
| 1 Oxen: their generation |
| 2 Egyptian Apis |
| 3 sheep & their propagation |
| 4 different kinds of wool & their colours |
| 5 different kinds of cloth |
| 6 different shapes of sheep |
| 7 musmon |
| 8 goats & their propagation |
|
|
26 hog
| 1 wild boar |
| 2 who was 1st to establish parks for wild animals |
| 3 animals in a half-wild state |
| 4 apes |
| 5 different species of hares |
| 6 animals which are tamed in part only |
| 7 places in which certain animals are not to be found |
| 8 animals which injure strangers only, as also animals which injure natives of country only, & where they are found |
| 9 summary |
| 10 Roman authors quoted |
| 11 foreign authors quoted |
|
|
27
| 1 Why largest animals are found in sea |
| 2 sea monsters of Indian Ocean |
| 3 largest animals that are found in each ocean |
| 4 forms of Tritons & Nereids |
| 5 forms of sea-elephants |
| 6 balaena & orca |
| 7 whether fishes respire & whether they sleep |
|
|
28 Dolphins
| 1 human beings who have been beloved by dolphins |
| 2 places where dolphins help men to fish |
| 3 other wonderful things relating to dolphins |
| 4 tursio |
| 5 turtles: various kinds of turtles & where they are caught |
| 6 who 1st invented art of cutting tortoise shell |
| 7 distribution of aquatic animals into various species |
| 8 those which are covered with hair,or have none, & how they bring forth |
| 9 sea-calves or phocae |
| 10 how many kinds of fish there are |
|
|
29 which of fishes are of largest size
| 1 tunnies, cordyla & pelamides & various parts of them that are salted |
| 2 melandrya, apolecti & cybia |
| 3 aurias & scomber |
| 4 fishes which are never found in Euxine |
| 5 those which enter it & return |
| 6 why fishes leap above surface of water |
| 7 that auguries are derived from fishes |
| 8 what kinds of fishes have no males |
| 9 fishes which have a stone in their head |
| 10 those which keep themselves concealed during winter |
|
|
30
| 1 Fishes which conceal themselves during summer |
| 2 mullet |
| 3 acipenser |
| 4 lupus, asellus |
| 5 scarus, mustella |
| 6 various kinds of mullets & sargus that attends them |
| 7 enormous prices of some fish |
| 8 that same kinds are not everywhere equally esteemed |
| 9 gills & scales |
| 10 fishes which have a voice |
| 11 fishes without gills |
| 12 fishes which come on land |
| 13 proper time for catching fish |
| 14 classification of fishes, according to shape of body |
| 15 fins of fish, & their mode of swimming |
|
|
31
| 1 Eels |
| 2 murena |
| 3 various kinds of flat fish |
| 4 echeneis & its uses in enchantments |
| 5 fishes which change their colour |
| 6 fishes which fly above water |
| 7 sea swallow |
| 8 fish that shines in night |
| 9 horned fish |
| 10 sea-dragon |
| 11 fishes which have no blood |
| 12 fishes known as soft fish |
| 13 saepia, loligo, scallop |
| 14 polypus |
| 15 nautilus, or sailing polypus |
| 16 various kinds of polypi |
| 17 their shrewdness |
| 18 sailing nauplius |
|
|
32
| 1 Sea-animals which are enclosed with a crust |
| 2 cray-fish |
| 3 various kinds of crabs |
| 4 pinnotheres |
| 5 sea urchin |
| 6 cockles & scallops |
| 7 various kinds of shell-fish |
| 8 what numerous appliances of luxury are found in sea |
|
|
33 pearls
| 1 how they are produced, & where |
| 2 how pearls are found |
| 3 various kinds of pearls |
| 4 remarkable facts connected with pearls - their nature |
| 5 instances of use of pearls |
| 6 how pearls 1st came into use at Rome |
|
|
34
| 1 nature of murex & purple |
| 2 different kinds of purples |
| 3 how wools are dyed with juices of purple |
| 4 when purple was 1st used at Rome |
| 5 fabrics called conchyliated |
| 6 amethyst, Tyrian, hysgnian & crimson tints |
| 7 pinna & pinnotheres |
| 8 sensitiveness of water-animals |
| 9 torpedo, pastinaca, scolopendra, glanis & ram-fish |
|
|
35
| 1 Bodies which have a 3rd nature, that of animal & vegetable combined |
| 2 sea-nettle |
| 3 sponges: various kinds of them, & where they are produced |
| 4 proofs that they are gifted with life by nature |
| 5 dog-fish |
| 6 fishes which are enclosed in a stony-shell |
| 7 sea-animals which have no sensation |
| 8 other animals which live in mud |
| 9 venomous sea-animals |
| 10 maladies of fishes |
| 11 generation of fishes |
| 12 fishes which are both oviparous & viviparous |
| 13 fishes belly of which opens in spawning, & then closes again |
| 14 fishes that have a womb |
| 15 those which impregnate themselves |
| 16 longest lives known among fishes |
|
|
36
| 1 1st person that formed artificial oyster-beds |
| 2 who was 1st inventor of preserves for other fish |
| 3 who invented preserves for murenae |
| 4 who invented preserves for sea-snails |
| 5 l & -fishes |
| 6 mice of Nile |
| 7 how fish called anthias is taken |
| 8 sea-stars |
| 9 marvellous properties of dactylus |
| 10 anthipaties & sympathies that exist between aquatic animals |
| 11 summary |
| 12 Roman authors quoted |
| 13 foreign authors quoted |
|
|
37
| 1 ostrich |
| 2 phoenix |
| 3 different kinds of eagles |
| 4 natural characteristics of eagle |
| 5 when eagle was 1st used as standard of Roman legions |
| 6 an eagle which precipitated itself on funeral pile of a girl |
| 7 vulture |
| 8 birds called sangualis & immusulus |
| 9 hawks |
| 10 buteo |
| 11 in what places hawks & men pursue chase in company with each other |
| 12 only bird that is killed by those of its own kind |
| 13 bird that lays only one egg |
| 14 kite |
|
|
38 classification of birds
| 1 crows |
| 2 birds of ill omen |
| 3 at what season they are not inauspicious |
| 4 raven |
| 5 horned owl |
| 6 birds, race of which is extinct or of which all knowledge has been lost |
| 7 birds which are born with tail 1st |
| 8 owlet |
| 9 wood-pecker of Mars |
| 10 birds which have hooked talons |
| 11 peacock |
| 12 who was 1st to kill peacock for food |
| 13 who 1st taught art of cramming them |
| 14 dunghill cock |
| 15 how cocks are castrated |
| 16 a cock that once spoke |
| 17 goose |
| 18 who 1st taught us to use liver of goose for food |
| 19 Commagenian medicament |
| 20 chenalopex, cheneros, tetrao & oris |
| 21 cranes |
| 22 storks |
| 23 swans |
|
|
39
| 1 Foreign birds which visit us |
| 2 swallows |
| 3 birds that take their departure from us, & whither they go |
| 4 birds which remains with us throughout year |
| 5 birds that remain with us only 6 or 3 months |
| 6 Memnonides |
| 7 Meleagrides |
| 8 Seleucides, ibis |
| 9 places in which certain birds are never found |
| 10 various kinds of birds which afford omens by their note |
| 11 birds which change their colour & their voice |
| 12 nightingale |
| 13 melancoryphus |
| 14 erithacus & phoenicurus |
| 15 oenan , chlorion, blackbird & ibis |
| 16 times of incubation of birds |
| 17 halcyones: halcyon days that are favourable to navigation |
| 18 other kinds of aquatic birds |
| 19 instinctive cleverness displayed by birds in construction of their nests |
| 20 wonderful works of swallow |
|
|
40 acanthyllis & other birds
| 1 merops - partidges |
| 2 pigeons |
| 3 wonderful things done by them |
| 4 prices at which they have been sold |
| 5 different modes of flight & progression in birds |
| 6 birds called apodes or cypseli |
| 7 respecting food of birds - caprimulgus, platea |
| 8 instinct of birds - carduelis, taurus, anthus |
| 9 birds which speak - parrot |
| 10 pie which feeds on acorns |
| 11 sedition that arose among Roman people in consequence of a raven speaking |
| 12 birds of Diomedes |
| 13 animals that can learn nothing |
|
|
41 mode of drinking with birds
| 1 porphyrio |
| 2 haematopous |
| 3 food of birds |
| 4 pelican |
| 5 foreign birds: phalerides, pheasant & numidicae |
| 6 phoenicopterus, attagen, phalacrocorax, pyrrhocorax & lagopus |
| 7 new birds |
| 8 vipio |
| 9 fabulous birds |
| 10 who 1st invented art of cramming poultry: why 1st Censors forbade this practice |
| 11 who 1st invented aviaries |
| 12 dish of Aesopus |
| 13 generation of birds: other oviparous animals |
| 14 various kinds of eggs & their nature |
| 15 defects in brood-hens & their remedies |
| 16 an augury derived from eggs by an empress |
| 17 best kinds of fowls |
| 18 diseases of fowls & their remedies |
| 19 when birds lay & how many eggs |
| 20 various kinds of herons |
| 21 what eggs are called hypenemia & what cynosura |
| 22 how eggs are best kept |
| 23 only winged animal that is viviparous & nurtures its young with milk |
|
|
42 Terrestrial animals that are oviparous
| 1 various kinds of serpents |
| 2 generation of all kinds of terrestrial animals |
| 3 position of animals in uterus |
| 4 animals whose origin is still unknown |
| 5 salamanders |
| 6 animals which are born of beings that have not been born themselves - animals which are born themselves, but are not reproductive - animals which are of neither sex |
| 7 senses of animals - that all have senses of touch & taste - those which are more remarkable for their sight, smell or hearing - moles - whether oysters have sense of hearing |
| 8 which fishes have best hearing |
| 9 which fishes have finest sense of smell |
| 10 diversities in feeding of animals |
| 11 animals which live on poisons |
| 12 animals which live on earth - animals which will not die of hunger or thirst |
| 13 diversities in drinking of animals |
| 14 antipathies of animals |
| 15 proofs that they are sensible of frienship & other affections |
| 16 instances of affection shown by serpents |
| 17 sleep of animals |
| 18 what animals are subject to dreams:summary |
| 19 Roman authors quoted |
| 20 foreign authors quoted |
|
|
|
|
|
|
31 1:56:36
1
| 1 extreme smallness of insects |
| 2 whether insects respire & whether they have blood |
| 3 bodies of insects |
| 4 bees |
| 5 order displayed in work of bees, persons who have made bees their study |
|
|
2
| 1 mode in which bees work |
| 2 drones |
| 3 qualities of honey |
| 4 reproduction of bees |
| 5 mode of government by bees |
|
|
3
| 1 Happy omens sometimes afforded by a swarm of bees |
| 2 various kinds of bees |
| 3 diseases of bees |
| 4 wasps & hornets |
| 5 silk-worm |
| 6 spiders |
| 7 generation of spiders |
|
|
4
| 1 Scorpions |
| 2 grasshopper |
| 3 wings of insects |
| 4 beetle |
| 5 glow-worm |
| 6 other kinds of beetles |
| 7 locusts |
| 8 ants |
| 9 chrysalis |
|
|
5 Insects that are parasites of man
| 1 an animal which has no passage for evacuations |
| 2 moths, cantharides, gnats |
| 3 various kinds of horns |
| 4 animals in which they are moveable |
| 5 heads of animals |
| 6 those which have none |
| 7 hair |
| 8 brain |
| 9 ears |
| 10 face |
| 11 eyes |
| 12 diversity of color of eyes |
| 13 theory of sight |
| 14 nature of pupil |
| 15 hair of eyelids |
| 16 animals which have no eyelids |
|
|
6
| 1 cheeks |
| 2 nostrils |
| 3 mouth |
| 4 lips |
| 5 chin |
| 6 teeth tongue |
| 7 tonsils |
| 8 neck |
| 9 throat |
| 10 dorsal spine |
| 11 throat |
| 12 stomach |
| 13 heart |
| 14 blood |
| 15 vital spirit lungs |
| 16 liver |
|
|
7
| 1 gall |
| 2 properties of gall |
| 3 diaphragm |
| 4 nature of laughter |
| 5 belly |
| 6 animals which have no belly |
| 7 small guts spleen |
| 8 kidneys |
| 9 greast |
| 10 ribs |
| 11 bladder womb |
| 12 animals which do not grow fat |
| 13 marrow |
| 14 bones & fishbones |
| 15 cartilage |
| 16 nerves |
| 17 arteries |
| 18 veins, whether blood is principle of life |
|
|
8
| 1 hide of animals |
| 2 hair & covering of skin |
| 3 paps |
| 4 birds that have paps |
| 5 milk |
| 6 cheese |
| 7 various kinds of cheese |
| 8 fingers |
| 9 arms |
| 10 nails |
| 11 knees & hams |
| 12 varicose veins |
| 13 gait, feet, legs |
| 14 hoofs |
| 15 feet of biords |
| 16 feet of animals |
|
|
9
| 1 sexual parts |
| 2 hermaphrodites |
| 3 testes |
| 4 tails of animals |
| 5 different voices of animals |
| 6 superfluous limbs |
| 7 respiration & nutriment |
| 8 reasons for indigestion |
| 9 from what causes corpulence arises & how it may be reduced |
| 10 what things, by merely tasting of them, allay hunger & thirst |
| 11 authors quoted |
|
|
10
| 1 honourable place occupied by trees in system of nature |
| 2 early history of trees |
| 3 exotic trees |
| 4 plane-tree |
| 5 trees of India |
| 6 Indian trees, names of which are unknown |
| 7 Indian trees which bear flax |
|
|
11 pepper-tree
| 1 various kinds of pepper |
| 2 Caryophyllon, lycion & Chironian pyxacanthus |
| 3 macir |
| 4 sugar |
| 5 trees of Persis |
| 6 trees of islands of Persian sea |
| 7 cotton tree |
| 8 amomum, amomis |
|
|
12
| 1 Cardamomum |
| 2 country of frankincense |
| 3 trees that bear frankincense |
| 4 various kinds of frankincense |
| 5 myrrh |
| 6 trees that produce myrrh |
| 7 nature & various kinds of myrrh |
| 8 mastich |
| 9 ladanum & stobolon |
| 10 enhaemon |
| 11 why Arabia was called happy |
| 12 cinnamomum, xylocinnamum |
|
|
13
| 1 Cassia |
| 2 cancamum & tarum |
| 3 serichatum & gabalium |
| 4 myrobalanum |
| 5 phoenicobalanus |
| 6 sweet-scented calamus |
| 7 sweet-scented rush |
| 8 hammoniacum |
| 9 sphagnos |
| 10 cypros |
| 11 asphalatos |
| 12 maron |
| 13 balsamum |
| 14 opobalsamum & xylobalsamum |
| 15 storax |
| 16 galbanum |
| 17 panax |
| 18 spondylium |
| 19 malobathrum |
| 20 omphacion |
| 21 bryon |
| 22 elate or sphate |
| 23 cinnamon |
| 24 authors quoted |
|
|
14 Unguents
| 1 at what period they were 1st introduced |
| 2 various kinds of unguents |
| 3 diaspa |
| 4 magma |
| 5 modes of testing unguents |
| 6 excess to which luxury has run in unguents |
| 7 when unguents were 1st used by Romans |
|
|
15 palm tree
| 1 nature of palm tree |
| 2 how palm tree is planted |
| 3 different varieties of palm trees & their characteristics |
|
|
16
| 1 trees of Syria: pistacia, cottana, damascena & myma: cedar: terebinth: sumach tree |
| 2 trees of Egypt |
| 3 fig-tree of Alexandria |
| 4 fig tree of Cyprus |
| 5 carob tree |
| 6 Persian tree |
| 7 cucus |
| 8 Egyptian thorn |
| 9 nine kinds of gum |
| 10 sarcocolla |
| 11 papyrus |
| 12 use of paper |
| 13 when it was 1st invented |
| 14 mode of making paper |
| 15 9 different kinds of paper |
| 16 mode of testing goodness of paper |
| 17 peculiar defects in paper |
| 18 paste used in preparation of paper |
| 19 books of Numa |
|
|
17
| 1 trees of Aethiopia |
| 2 trees of Mount Atlas |
| 3 citrus & tables made of wood there of |
| 4 points that are desirable or otherwise in these tables |
| 5 citron-tree |
| 6 lotus |
| 7 trees of Cyrenaica |
| 8 paliurus |
| 9 9 varieties of Punic apple |
| 10 balaustium |
|
|
18 trees of Asia & Greece
| 1 tragion |
| 2 tragacanthe |
| 3 tragos or scorpio |
| 4 euonymos |
| 5 tree called eon |
| 6 royal thorn |
| 7 trees & shrubs of Mediterranean |
| 8 sea bryon |
| 9 plants of red sea |
| 10 plants of Indian sea |
| 11 plants of Troglodytic sea |
| 12 authors quoted |
|
|
19
| 1 nature of vine |
| 2 its mode of fructification |
| 3 nature of grape & cultivation of vine |
| 4 91 varieties of vine |
|
|
20
| 1 Remarkable facts connected with culture of vine |
| 2 most ancient wines |
| 3 nature of wines |
| 4 50 kinds of generous wines |
| 5 38 varieties of foreign wines |
|
|
21
| 17 kinds of salted wines |
| 21 8 varieties of sweet wines |
| 3 at what period generous wines were 1st commonly made in Italy |
| 4 inspection of wine ordered by king Romulus |
| 5 wines drunk by ancient Romans |
| 6 some remarkable facts connected with wine-lofts |
| 7 Opimian wine |
| 8 at what period 4 kinds of wine were 1st served at table |
| 9 uses of wild vine |
| 10 66 varieties of artificial wine |
| 11 hydromeli or melicraton |
| 12 12 kinds of wines with miraculous properties |
| 13 what wines it is not lawful to use in sacred rites |
|
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22
| 1 How must is usually prepared |
| 2 pitch & resin |
| 3 vinegar |
| 4 wine vessels |
| 5 wine cellars |
| 6 drunkenness |
| 7 liquors with strength of wine made from water & corn |
| 8 authors quoted |
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23
| 1 olive |
| 2 nature of olive & of new olive oil |
| 3 olive oil: countries in which it is produced & its various qualities |
| 4 15 varieties of olives |
| 5 nature of olive oil |
| 6 culture of olive: its mode of preservation |
| 7 method of making olive oil |
| 8 48 varieties of artificial oils |
| 9 amurca |
|
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24
| 1 various kinds of fruit-trees & their natures |
| 2 4 varieties of pine nuts |
| 3 quince |
| 4 6 varieties of peach |
| 5 12 kinds of plums |
| 6 peach |
| 7 30 different kinds of pomes |
| 8 fruits that have been most recently introduced |
| 9 41 varieties of pear |
| 10 mode of keeping various fruits & grapes |
|
|
25 29
| 1 varieties of fig |
| 2 historical anecdotes connected with fig |
| 3 caprification |
| 4 3 varieties of medlar |
| 5 4 varieties of sorb |
| 6 9 varieties of nut |
| 7 18 varieties of chestnut |
| 8 carob |
|
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26
| 1 fleshy fruits |
| 2 mulberry |
| 3 fruit of arbutus |
| 4 relative natures of berry fruits |
| 5 9 varieties of cherry |
| 6 cornel |
| 7 lentisk |
| 8 13 different flavours of juices |
| 9 various natures of fruit |
| 10 myrtle |
| 11 11 varieties of myrtle |
| 12 myrtle used at home in ovations |
| 13 laurel |
| 14 13 varieties of it |
| 15 authors quoted. |
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2  On Nature of Things By Titus Lucretius CARUS (c. 99 BC - 55 BC) 164,000W 656 10:55:24
| 1 Preface & Remarks on life & poem of Lucretius |
| 2 Invocation & Dedication of poem |
| 3 Praise of Epicurus |
| 4 theory of atom |
| 5 Time doesn't have a real existence |
| 6 Atoms are solid & indivisible |
| 7 Attack on theory of Empedocles |
| 8 Attack on theory of Anaxagoras |
| 9 universe is boundless, limitless & has no center |
| 10 Praise of philosophy |
| 11 Attack on theory of Anaxagoras |
| 12 universe is boundless, limitless & has no center |
| 13 Praise of philosophy |
| 14 Attack on theory of Anaxagoras |
| 15 universe is boundless, limitless & has no center |
| 16 Praise of philosophy |
| 17 Compound bodies contain atoms of different figures |
| 18 infinite number of atoms moving through infinite space creates an infinite number of bodies |
| 19 Eulogy of Epicurus |
| 20 Denial of divine power over world |
|
| 21 fear of gods & fear of death torment men & lead them into crimes |
| 22 Difference between mind & soul |
| 23 Both mind & soul are corporeal,ie, composed of atoms like body |
| 24 substance of mind & soul |
| 25 soul & body can't be separated without destruction of both |
| 26 Twenty arguments which prove that soul perishes with body, contrary to Pythagorean theory |
| 27 Death is end of man, & nothing should be feared after it |
| 28 All suffering happens only during life |
| 29 All men die, good or bad, & death should be contemplated with calmness & reason |
| 30 Theory of image |
| 31 Vision is produced by impact of images on eye |
| 32 Senses may be trusted: false opinions arise from false reasoning about testimony of senses |
| 33 Other senses: sound, taste & odor |
| 34 Imagination & thought are produced by means of images |
| 35 nature of dreams |
| 36 use of organs of body |
| 37 Motion in animals & motion in images |
| 38 Sleep & causes of dreams |
| 39 Love & desire & their influence |
| 40 Praise of Epicurus |
|
| 41 world is not eternal |
| 42 Heavenly bodies |
| 43 world had a beginning & will have an end |
| 44 Cosmogony according to Epicurus |
| 45 Causes of motions of heaven |
| 46 magnitude of heavenly bodies & causes of their phenomena: day & night, phases & eclipses of moon & sun |
| 47 production of plants, animals & man |
| 48 existence of monsters |
| 49 rudeness of early life of men |
| 50 invention of speech |
| 51 discovery of fire, progress of society |
| 52 rise of religion from ignorance of natural causes |
| 53 discovery of metals & progress of arts |
| 54 Panegyric on Athens |
| 55 Meteoric appearances in heaven |
| 56 Causes of shooting stars, lightning, thunderbolts |
| 57 Ridicule of those who attribute origin of storms to gods |
| 58 Origin of water-spouts, clouds, rain, rainbow, earthquakes & other phenomena |
| 59 About seas & volcanoes |
| 60 About rivers & lakes |
|
| 61 About temperature of waters |
| 62 About magnets & why metals are attracted to them |
| 63 About origin & cause of diseases |
| 64 Description of plague that depopulated Athens during Peloponnesian war. |
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4  15 BC On Architecture by Vitruvius 80 - 15 BC 143,750W 575 9:34:58 250M
1
1 Education of Architect |
2 Fundamental Principles of Architecture |
3 Departments of Architecture |
4 Site of a City |
5 City Walls |
6 Directions of Streets: with Remarks on Winds |
7 Sites for Public Buildings |
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2
1 Origin of Dwelling House |
| 2 Primordial Substance according to Physicists |
3 Brick |
| 4 Sand |
| 5 Lime |
| 6 Pozzolana |
| 7 Stone |
8 Methods of Building Walls |
| 9 Timber |
10 Highl & & Lowl & Fir |
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3
1 Symmetry in Temples & Human Body |
| 2 Classification of Temples |
3 Proportions of Intercolumniations & of Columns |
| 4 Foundations & Substructures of Temples |
| 5 Proportions of Base |
| 6 Capitals |
7 Entablature in Ionic Order |
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4
1 Origins of 3 Orders |
| 2 Proportions of Corinthian Capital |
| 3 Ornaments of Orders |
| 4 Proportions of Doric Temples |
5 Cella & Pronaos, |
| 6 How Temple should face |
| 7 Doorways of Temples |
| 8 Tuscan Temples |
| 9 Circular Temples & Other Varieties |
10 Altars |
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5
1 Forum & Basilica |
| 2 Treasury |
| 3 Prison |
| 4 Senate House |
| 5 Theatre its Site |
| 6 Foundations, & Acoustics |
| 7 Harmonics |
| 8 Sounding Vessels in Theatre |
| 9 Plan of Theatre |
| 10 Greek Theatres |
| 11 Acoustics of Site of Theatre |
| 12 Colonnades & Walks |
13 Baths |
14 Palaestra |
| 15 Harbours |
| 16 Breakwaters |
17 Shipyards |
|
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6
1 Climate as determining Style of House |
2 Symmetry & Modifications |
| 3 Proportions of Principal Rooms |
| 4 Proper Exposures of Rooms |
| 5 Personalization |
| 6 How Rooms suited to Station of Owner |
| 7 Farmhouse |
| 8 Greek House |
9 Foundations & Substructures |
|
|
7
1 Floors |
| 2 Slaking of Lime for Stucco |
| 3 Vaultings & Stucco Work |
| 4 Stucco in Damp Places |
| 5 Decoration of Dining Rooms |
| 6 Decadence of Fresco Painting |
7 Marble for use Stucco |
| 8 Natural Colors |
| 9 Cinnabar |
| 10 Quicksilver |
| 11 Black |
| 12 Blue |
| 13 Burnt Ochre |
| 14 White Lead |
| 15 Verdigris |
| 16 Sandarach |
| 17 Purple |
| 18 Yellow Ochre |
| 19 Green |
20 Indigo |
|
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8
1 How to find Water |
| 2 Rainwater |
| 3 Various Properties of Different Waters |
| 4 Tests of Good Water |
| 5 Levelling & Levelling Instruments |
| 6 Aqueducts |
7 Wells & Cisterns |
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9
1 Zodiac & Planets |
| 2 Phases of Moon |
| 3 Course of Sun through 12 Signs |
| 4 Northern Constellations |
| 5 Southern Constellations |
6 Astrology & Weather Prognostics |
| 7 Analemma & its Applications |
8 Sundials & Water Clocks |
|
|
10
1 Machines & Implements |
2 Hoisting Machines |
3 Elements of Motion |
| 4 Engines for raising Water |
| 5 Water Wheels & Water Mills |
| 6 Water Screw |
| 7 Pump of Ctesibius |
| 8 Water Organ |
| 9 Hodometer |
10 Catapults or Scorpiones |
| 11 Ballistae |
| 12 Stringing & Tuning of Catapults |
| 13 Siege Machines |
| 14 Tortoise, Hegetor's Tortoise |
| 15 Measures of Defence |
16 Scamilli Impares. |
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2 Catholic Church 27
12,578 209:38 8D 17H 38M.
| 1 1894 History of Warfare of Science with Theology in Christendom by White, Andrew Dickson 330,390W 1322 22:02 |
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| 13 1911 War Upon Religion Being an Account of Rise & Progress of Anti-christianism in Europe by Cunningham, Francis A. (Francis Aloysius) 125,070W 500 8:00 |
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| 14 1878 History of Conflict Between Religion & Science by Draper, John William 112,026W 448 7:28 |
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| 15 1900 A Short History of Monks & Monasteries by Wishart, Alfred Wesley 92,439W 370 6:10 |
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| 16 524 Consolation of Philosophy by Anicius Manlius Severinus Boethius 480-524 78,500W 314 5:13:26 143M |
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| 21 893 Church History, V3/3 by Kurtz, J. H. (Johann Heinrich) 1809-90 239,636W 959 15:59 |
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| 23 1920 Religion & Science From Galileo to Bergson by Hardwick, John Charlton 43,103W 172 2:52 |
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| 24 1920 Landmarks in History of Early Christianity by Lake, Kirsopp 41,904W 168 2:48 |
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1 1894 History of Warfare of Science with Theology in Christendom by White, Andrew Dickson 330,390W 1322 22:02
1 FROM CREATION TO EVOLUTION
| 1 VISIBLE UNIVERSE |
| 2 OLOGICAL TEACHINGS REGARDING ANIMALS & MAN |
| 3 OLOGICAL & SCIENTIFIC THEORIES, OF AN EVOLUTION IN ANIMATED |
| 4 FINAL EFFORT OF THEOLOGY |
|
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2 GEOGRAPHY
| 1 FORM OF EARTH |
| 2 DELINEATION OF EARTH |
| 3 INHABITANTS OF EARTH |
| 4 SIZE OF EARTH |
| 5 CHARACTER OF EARTH'S SURFACE |
|
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3 ASTRONOMY
| 1 OLD SACRED THEORY OF UNIVERSE |
| 2 HELIOCENTRIC THEORY |
| 3 WAR UPON GALILEO |
| 4 VICTORY OF CHURCH OVER GALILEO |
| 5 RESULTS OF VICTORY OVER GALILEO |
| 6 RETREAT OF CHURCH AFTER ITS VICTORY OVER GALILEO |
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4 FROM "SIGNS & WONDERS" TO LAW IN HEAVENS
| 1 OLOGICAL VIEW |
| 2 OLOGICAL EFFORTS TO CRUSH SCIENTIFIC VIEW |
| 3 INVASION OF SCEPTICISM |
| 4 OLOGICAL EFFORTS AT COMPROMISE: FINAL VICTORY OF SCIENCE |
|
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5 FROM GENESIS TO GEOLOGY
| 1 GROWTH OF THEOLOGICAL EXPLANATIONS |
| 2 EFFORTS TO SUPPRESS SCIENTIFIC VIEW |
| 31 ST GREAT EFFORT AT COMPROMISE, BASED ON FLOOD OF NOAH |
| 4 FINAL EFFORTS AT COMPROMISE: VICTORY OF SCIENCE COMPLETE |
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6 ANTIQUITY OF MAN EGYPTOLOGY, & ASSYRIOLOGY
| 1 SACRED CHRONOLOGY |
| 2 NEW CHRONOLOGY |
|
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7 ANTIQUITY OF MAN & PREHISTORIC ARCHAEOLOGY
| 1 THUNDER-STONES |
| 2 FLINT WEAPONS & IMPLEMENTS |
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8 "FALL OF MAN" & ANTHROPOLOGY |
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9 "FALL OF MAN" & ETHNOLOGY |
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10 "FALL OF MAN" & HISTORY |
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11 FROM "PRINCE OF POWER OF AIR" TO METEOROLOGY
| 1 GROWTH OF A THEOLOGICAL THEORY |
| 2 DIABOLIC AGENCY IN STORMS |
| 3 AGENCY OF WITCHES |
| 4 FRANKLIN'S LIGHTNING-ROD |
|
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12 FROM MAGIC TO CHEMISTRY & PHYSICS |
|
13 FROM MIRACLES TO MEDICINE
| 1 EARLY & SACRED THEORIES OF DISEASE |
| 2 GROWTH OF LEGENDS OF HEALING |
| 3 MEDIAEVAL MIRACLES OF HEALING CHECK MEDICAL SCIENCE |
| 4 ATTRIBUTION OF DISEASE TO SATANIC INFLUENCE |
| 5 OLOGICAL OPPOSITION TO ANATOMICAL STUDIES |
| 6 NEW BEGINNINGS OF MEDICAL SCIENCE |
| 7 EOLOGICAL DISCOURAGEMENT OF MEDICINE |
| 8 FETICH CURES UNDER PROTESTANTISM: ROYAL TOUCH |
| 9 SCIENTIFIC STRUGGLE FOR ANATOMY |
| 10 OLOGICAL OPPOSITION TO INOCULATION, VACCINATION |
| 11 FINAL BREAKING AWAY OF THEOLOGICAL THEORY IN MEDICINE |
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14 FROM FETICH TO HYGIENE
| 1 THEOLOGICAL VIEW OF EPIDEMICS & SANITATION |
| 2 GRADUAL DECAY OF THEOLOGICAL VIEWS REGARDING SANITATION |
| 3 TRIUMPH OF SANITARY SCIENCE |
| 4 RELATION OF SANITARY SCIENCE TO RELIGION |
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15 FROM "DEMONIACAL POSSESSION" TO INSANITY
| 1 OLOGICAL IDEAS OF LUNACY & ITS TREATMENT |
| 2 BEGINNINGS OF A HEALTHFUL SCEPTICISM |
| 3 FINAL STRUGGLE & VICTORY OF SCIENCE: PINEL & TUKE |
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16 FROM DIABOLISM TO HYSTERIA
| 1 EPIDEMICS OF "POSSESSION" |
| 2 BEGINNINGS OF HELPFUL SCEPTICISM |
| 3 OLOGICAL "RESTATEMENTS" FINAL TRIUMPH OF SCIENTIFIC VIEW |
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17 FROM BABEL TO COMPARATIVE PHILOLOGY
| 1 SACRED THEORY IN ITS FIRST FORM |
| 2 SACRED THEORY OF LANGUAGE IN ITS SECOND FORM |
| 3 BREAKING DOWN OF THEOLOGICAL VIEW |
| 4 TRIUMPH OF NEW SCIENCE |
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18 FROM DEAD SEA LEGENDS TO COMPARATIVE MYTHOLOGY
| 1 GROWTH OF EXPLANATORY TRANSFORMATION MYTHS |
| 2 MEDIAEVAL GROWTH OF DEAD SEA LEGENDS |
| 3 POST-REFORMATION CULMINATION OF DEAD SEA LEGENDS BEGINNINGS |
| 4 OLOGICAL EFFORTS AT COMPROMISE TRIUMPH OF SCIENTIFIC VIEW |
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19 FROM LEVITICUS TO POLITICAL ECONOMY
| 1 ORIGIN & PROGRESS OF HOSTILITY TO LOANS AT INTEREST |
| 2 RETREAT OF CHURCH, PROTESTANT & CATHOLIC |
|
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20 FROM DIVINE ORACLES TO HIGHER CRITICISM
| 1 OLDER INTERPRETATION |
| 2 BEGINNINGS OF SCIENTIFIC INTERPRETATIO |
| 3 CONTINUED GROWTH OF SCIENTIFIC INTERPRETATION |
| 4 CLOSING STRUGGLE |
| 5 VICTORY OF SCIENTIFIC & LITERARY METHODS |
| 6 RECONSTRUCTIVE FORCE OF SCIENTIFIC CRITICISM. |
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2 4 1920 Landmarks in History of Early Christianity by Lake, Kirsopp 41,904W 168 2:48
1 GALILEE
| 1 history of Christianity as a series of syntheses |
| 2 Jewish world |
| 3 Kingdom of God |
| 4 Repentance |
| 5 teaching of Jesus as compared with his Jewish contemporaries 1 |
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6 APPENDIX
| 1 Interpretation of Shepherd of Hermas 137 |
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2 JERUSALEM
| 1 Synoptic Problem & Acts |
| 2 Inspiration |
| 3 Communism |
| 4 Messianic doctrine |
| 5 Christ |
| 6 Son of Man |
| 7 Son of God 36 |
|
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3 ANTIOCH
| 1 spread of Christianity |
| 2 Damascus |
| 3 Hellenist missionaries |
| 4 Paul's visit to Jerusalem |
| 5 source criticism of Acts |
| 6 traditions of Jerusalem & Antioch 57 |
|
|
4 CORINTH
| 1 Christianity as a Graeco-Oriental cult |
| 2 Salvation |
| 3 reasons for victory of Christianity |
| 4 Jesus as an historic person |
| 5 personality of Jesus |
| 6 Fatherhood of God |
| 7 Baptism |
| 8 Immortality |
|
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5 ROME & EPHESUS
| 1 Paul's contribution |
| 2 Adoptionism |
| 3 Roman documents |
| 4 Romans |
| 5 Hebrews |
| 6 1 Peter |
| 7 1 Clement |
| 8 Hermas |
| 9 Baptism & repentance |
| 10 Pre-existent Christology |
| 11 later Epistles |
| 12 4th Gospel |
| 13 doctrine of Logos |
| 14 Justin Martyr |
| 15 Origen. |
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|
13 1911 War Upon Religion Being an Account of Rise & Progress of Anti-christianism in Europe by Cunningham, Francis A. (Francis Aloysius) 125,070W 500 8:00
1 EARLIER CRISES
| 1 Influence of Reformation |
| 2 Jansenism |
| 3 Abbey of Port Royal |
| 4 Quesnel |
| 5 Bull "Unigenitus" |
| 6 Destructive Influence of Jansenism |
| 7 Not Quite Extinguished Even Yet |
| 8 Quietism |
| 9 Molinos & Madame Guyon |
| 10 Louis 14 & Gallicanism |
| 11 Gallican Liberties |
| 12 Resistance to Them |
| 13 Gallicanism One of Chief Causes of Anti-Christianism in France |
| 14 Van Espen & Pseudo-Canonists |
| 15 Johannes von Hontheim, Known as Febronius |
| 16 His Hostility to Papal Supremacy |
| 17 Scipio di Ricci |
| 18 Congress of Ems |
| 19 Joseph 2 of Austria & Josephine Schism |
| 20 Suppression of Society of Jesus |
| 21 Sophists |
| 22 Voltaire & Encyclopaedists |
| 23 Freemasonry |
| 24 Neo-Paganism |
|
|
2 FRENCH REVOLUTION
| 1 Immediate Causes |
| 2 States General |
| 3 Confiscation of Church Property |
| 4 Persecution of Religious Orders |
| 5 Civil Constitution |
| 6 Sorrow of Pope Pius 6 |
| 7 His Condemnation of Civil Constitution |
| 8 Constituent Assembly |
| 9 Massacres of September |
| 10 Convention |
| 11 Changing Calendar |
| 12 Persecution of Catholics |
| 13 Reign of Terror |
| 14 Goddess of Reason |
| 15 Worship of Supreme Being |
| 16 Council of 500, or Directory |
| 17 Arrest & Exile of Pope Pius 6 |
| 18 Death of Pontiff in France |
|
|
3 OPENING OF 1800s
| 1 1800s State of France at Beginning of |
| 2 Conclave of Venice |
| 3 Cardinal Chiaramonti Elected Pope Pius 7 |
| 4 Sketch of His Life |
| 5 Cardinal Consalvi |
| 6 Napoleon Makes Proposals of Peace With Pope |
| 7 Preliminary Deliberations for Concordat |
| 8 Diplomacy of Cardinal Consalvi |
| 9 Concordat Signed & Ratified |
| 10 Text of Concordat |
| 11 Organic Articles |
| 12 They Are Repudiated by Pope |
| 13 Case of Jerome Bonaparte |
| 14 Coronation of Napoleon |
| 15 Emperor Becomes a Persecutor |
| 16 Excommunication of Napoleon |
| 17 Arrest of Pope Pius 7 |
| 18 His Imprisonment at Savona |
| 19 Council of Paris |
| 20 Pope is Imprisoned at Fontainebleau |
| 21 Defeat of Napoleon |
| 22 Triumphant Return of Pius 7 to Rome |
|
|
4 ANTI-CHRISTIANISM IN ROME.
| 1 Holy Alliance |
| 2 Carbonari |
| 3 Mazzini & Young Italy |
| 4 Hostile Congresses |
| 5 Accession of Pope Pius 9 |
| 6 Generous Dispositions of Holy Father |
| 7 1848 |
| 8 Flight of Pope |
| 9 Garibaldi |
| 10 Rome Retaken by Papal Allies |
| 11 Conspiracy Against Holy See |
| 12 Iniquities of Piedmont |
| 13 Hypocrisy of Napoleon 3 |
| 14 Usurpation of Victor Emmanuel |
| 15 1870 Fall of Rome |
| 16 Accession of Leo 13 |
| 17 Leo 13 & Labor |
| 18 Accession of Pius 10 |
| 19 Modernism |
| 20 Methodist in Rome |
| 21 Insult of Mayor Nathan |
| 22 Character of Pope Pius 10 |
|
|
5 KULTURKAMPF IN GERMANY
| 1 Causes |
| 2 Liberalism of Rationalists |
| 3 Liberalism of Pseudo-Catholics |
| 4 Günther |
| 5 Frohschammer |
| 6 Doellinger |
| 7 Desire for Protestant Ascendancy |
| 8 Hatred for Catholic Nations |
| 9 Determination of Caesarism to Reduce All Religion to Domination of State |
| 10 Men |
| 11 Bismarck |
| 12 Bishop Ketteler |
| 13 Windthorst |
| 14 Malincrodt |
| 15 Centre Party |
| 16 Laws of Hate |
| 17 May Laws |
| 18 Courage of Bishops |
| 19 War of Violence |
| 20 Turn of Tide |
| 21 Reconciliation |
|
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6 3RD REPUBLIC
| 1 Franco-Prussian War |
| 2 1870 Commune |
| 3 Its Victims |
| 4 Establishment of 3rd Republic |
| 5 Beginning of War on Church |
| 6 Gambetta |
| 7 Paul Bert |
| 8 Jules Ferry |
| 9 1880 War on Religious Orders |
| 10 Irreligious Education |
| 11 Secularization of Schools |
| 12 Peaceful Advances of Pope Leo 13 |
| 13 Anarchy & Socialism Gaining Ground |
| 14 Affair of Dreyfus |
| 15 1800s France at End of |
|
|
7 WAR ON RELIGIOUS ORDERS
| 1 Beginning of War |
| 2 Cabinet of Freemasons |
| 3 Waldeck-Rousseau |
| 4 1901 Associations Law |
| 5 Its Hypocritical Character |
| 6 Suppression of Congregations |
| 7 Combes |
| 8 Closing of Religious Establishments |
| 9 Expulsion of Monks & Nuns |
| 10 Character of Combes |
| 11 Early Attempts at Separation |
| 12 Affair of "Nobis Nominavit |
| 13 Bishops of Laval & Dijon |
| 14 Visit of President Loubet to Rome |
| 15 Rupture of Diplomatic Relations With Rome |
| 16 Discussion Upon Separation Law |
| 17 Speech of M. Ribot |
| 18 Separation Law Passed |
| 19 Its Chief Measures |
| 20 Sufferings of Catholics |
| 21 Associations of Worship Condemned by Holy See |
| 22 Liquidation of Ecclesiastical Property |
| 23 School Question in France |
|
|
8 TROUBLES IN SPAIN
| 1 Accession of Ferdin & 7 |
| 2 Apostolics & Liberals |
| 3 Disaffection of Ferdin & |
| 4 Carlist War |
| 5 Hatred of Jesuits |
| 6 Atrocities of Espartero |
| 7 Pope Protests |
| 8 Papal Encyclical |
| 9 Balmes & Cortes |
| 10 1851 Concordat |
| 11 Attempt on Life of Queen |
| 12 1854 Revolution |
| 13 Persecution & Calumny |
| 14 Protests of Holy See |
| 15 Espartero Fails |
| 16 1867 Campaign |
| 17 Trickery of Napoleon 3 |
| 18 Spain a Republic |
| 19 Persecution of Catholics |
| 20 Amadeus of Savoy |
| 21 1873 Republic |
| 22 Castillo |
| 23 Canovas in Power |
| 24 1900s |
| 25 Canalejas |
| 26 Ferrer & Barcelona Riots |
|
|
9 CRISIS IN PORTUGAL
| 1 Old Glories of Portugal |
| 2 Pombal Infamous |
| 3 Portugal & Napoleon |
| 4 English Influence |
| 5 Dom Pedro |
| 6 Maria da Gloria & Dom Miguel |
| 7 1833 Revolution |
| 8 Present Time |
| 9 Assassination of Carlos 1 |
| 10 Revolution Always Active |
| 11 Young King a Victim of Conspirators |
| 12 1910 Revolution |
| 13 Violence Against Religious & Clergy Generally |
| 14 Letter of Jesuit Provincial |
| 15 Spoliation |
| 16 Treatment of Prisoners |
| 17 Outlawed & Exiled |
| 18 Charges & Their Answers |
| 19 Armaments & Subterranean Galleries |
| 20 Alleged Wealth of Jesuits |
| 21 Another Charge |
| 22 Alleged Secret Association |
| 23 Charge of Political Activity |
| 24 Reactionary Influence. |
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|
14 1878 History of Conflict Between Religion & Science by Draper, John William 112,026W 448 7:28
1 ORIGIN OF SCIENCE
| 1 300s BC Religious condition of Greeks |
| 2 Their invasion of Persian Empire brings them in contact with new aspects of Nature & familiarizes them with new religious systems |
| 3 military engineering & scientific activity stimulated by Macedonian campaigns leads to establishment in Alexandria of an institute Museum for cultivation of knowledge by experiment observation & mathematical discussion It is origin of Science |
|
|
|
3 ITS TRANSFORMATION ON ATTAINING IMPERIAL POWER |
|
4 ITS RELATIONS TO SCIENCE
| 1 Religious condition of Roman Republic |
| 2 adoption of imperialism leads to monotheism |
| 3 Christianity spreads over Roman Empire |
| 4 circumstances under which it attained imperial power make its union with Paganism a political necessity |
| 5 Tertullian's description of its doctrines & practices |
| 6 Debasing effect of policy of Constantine on it |
| 7 Its alliance with civil power |
| 8 Its incompatibility with science |
| 9 Destruction of Alexandrian Library & prohibition of philosophy |
| 10 Exposition of Augustinian philosophy & Patristic science generally |
| 11 Scriptures made standard of science |
|
|
5 CONFLICT RESPECTING DOCTRINE OF UNITY OF GOD |
|
6 1ST OR SOUTHERN REFORMATION
| 1 Egyptians insist on introduction of worship of Virgin Mary |
| 2 They are resisted by Nestor Patriarch of Constantinople but eventually through their influence with emperor cause Nestor's exile & dispersion of his followers Prelude to Southern Reformation |
| 3 Persian attack: its moral effects Arabian Reformation |
| 4 Mohammed is brought in contact with Nestorians |
| 5 He adopts & extends their principles rejecting worship of Virgin doctrine of Trinity & every thing in opposition to unity of God |
| 6 He extinguishes idolatry in Arabia by force & prepares to make war on Roman Empire |
| 7 His successors conquer Syria Egypt Asia Minor North Africa Spain & invade France As result of this conflict doctrine of unity of God was established in greater part of Roman Empire |
| 8 cultivation of science was restored & Christendom lost many of her most illustrious capitals as Alexandria Carthage & above all Jerusalem |
|
|
7 RESTORATION OF SCIENCE IN SOUTH
| 1 By influence of Nestorians & Jews Arabians are turned to cultivation of Science |
| 2 They modify their views as to destiny of man & obtain true conceptions respecting structure of world |
| 3 They ascertain size of earth & determine its shape |
| 4 Their khalifs collect great libraries patronize every department of science & literature establish astronomical observatories |
| 5 They develop mathematical sciences invent algebra & improve geometry & trigonometry |
| 6 They collect & translate old Greek mathematical & astronomical works & adopt inductive method of Aristotle |
| 7 They establish many colleges & with aid of Nestorians organize a public-school system |
| 8 They introduce Arabic numerals & arithmetic & catalogue & give names to stars |
| 9 They lay foundation of modern astronomy chemistry & physics & introduce great improvements in agriculture & manufactures |
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|
8 CONFLICT RESPECTING NATURE OF SOUL  |
|
9 DOCTRINE OF EMANATION & ABSORPTION
| 1 European ideas respecting soul |
| 2 It resembles form of body Philosophical views of Orientals |
| 3 Vedic theology & Buddhism assert doctrine of emanation & absorption |
| 4 It is advocated by Aristotle who is followed by Alexandrian school & subsequently by Jews & Arabians |
| 5 It is found in writings of Erigena Connection of this doctrine with theory of conservation & correlation of force |
| 6 Parallel between origin & destiny of body & soul |
| 7 necessity of founding human on comparative psychology Averroism which is based on these facts is brought into Christendom through Spain & Sicily History of repression of Averroism |
| 8 Revolt of Islam against it |
| 9 Antagonism of Jewish synagogues |
| 10 Its destruction undertaken by papacy |
| 11 Institution of Inquisition in Spain |
| 12 Frightful persecutions & their results |
| 13 Expulsion of Jews & Moors |
| 14 Overthrow of Averroism in Europe |
| 15 Decisive action of late Vatican Council |
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10 CONFLICT RESPECTING NATURE OF WORLD
| 1 Scriptural view of world: earth a flat surface: location of heaven & hell Scientific view: earth a globe: its size determined: its position in & relations to solar system |
| 23 great voyages |
| 3 Columbus De Gama Magellan |
| 4 Circumnavigation of earth |
| 5 Determination of its curvature by measurement of a degree & pendulum discoveries of Copernicus |
| 6 Invention of telescope |
| 7 Galileo brought before Inquisition |
| 8 His punishment |
| 9 Victory over Church |
| 10 Attempts to ascertain dimensions of solar system |
| 11 Determination of sun's parallax by transits of Venus |
| 12 Insignificance of earth & man |
| 13 Ideas respecting dimensions of universe |
| 14 Parallax of stars |
| 15 plurality of worlds asserted by Bruno |
| 16 He is seized & murdered by Inquisition |
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11 CONTROVERSY RESPECTING AGE OF EARTH
| 1 Scriptural view that Earth is only 6000 years old & that it was made in a week |
| 2 Patristic chronology founded on ages of patriarchs |
| 3 Difficulties arising from different estimates in different versions of Bible Legend of Deluge |
| 4 repeopling |
| 5 Tower of Babel: confusion of tongues |
| 6 primitive language Discovery by Cassini of oblateness of planet Jupiter |
| 7 Discovery by Newton of oblateness of Earth |
| 8 Deduction that she has been modeled by mechanical causes |
| 9 Confirmation of this by geological discoveries respecting aqueous rocks: corroboration by organic remains |
| 10 necessity of admitting enormously long periods of time |
| 11 Displacement of doctrine of Creation by that of Evolution |
| 12 Discoveries respecting Antiquity of Man time-scale & space-scale of world are infinite |
| 13 Moderation with which discussion of Age of World has been conducted |
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12 CONFLICT RESPECTING CRITERION OF TRUTH
| 1 Ancient philosophy declares that man has no means of ascertaining truth Differences of belief arise among early Christians |
| 2 ineffectual attempt is made to remedy them by Councils |
| 3 Miracle & ordeal proof introduced papacy resorts to auricular confession & Inquisition |
| 4 It perpetrates frightful atrocities for suppression of differences of opinion Effect of discovery of Pandects of Justinian & development of canon law on nature of evidence |
| 5 It becomes more scientific Reformation establishes rights of individual reason |
| 6 Catholicism asserts that criterion of truth is in Church It restrains reading of books by Index Expurgatorius & combats dissent by such means as massacre of St Bartholomew's Eve Examination of authenticity of Pentateuch as Protestant criterion |
| 7 Spurious character of those books For Science criterion of truth is to be found in revelations of Nature: for Protestant it is in Scriptures: for Catholic in an infallible Pope |
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13 CONTROVERSY RESPECTING GOVERNMENT OF UNIVERSE
1 There are 2 conceptions of government of world:
| 1 By Providence: |
| 2 By Law |
|
| 2 former maintained by priesthood |
| 3 Sketch of introduction of latter Kepler discovers laws that preside over solar system |
| 4 His works are denounced by papal authority |
| 5 foundations of mechanical philosophy are laid by Da Vinci |
| 6 Galileo discovers fundamental laws of Dynamics |
| 7 Newton applies them to movements of celestial bodies & shows solar system is governed by mathematical necessity |
| 8 Herschel extends that conclusion to universe |
| 9 nebular hypothesis |
| 10 Theological exceptions to it Evidences of control of law in construction of earth & development of animal & plant series |
| 11 They arose by Evolution not by Creation reign of law is exhibited by historic career of human societies & case of individual man Partial adoption of this view by some of Reformed Churches |
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14 LATIN CHRISTIANITY IN RELATION TO MODERN CIVILIZATION
| 1 For more than 1000 years Latin Christianity controlled intelligence of Europe & is responsible for result |
| 2 That result is manifested by condition of city of Rome at Reformation & by condition of Continent of Europe in domestic & social life |
| 3 European nations suffered under coexistence of a dual government a spiritual & temporal |
| 4 They were immersed in ignorance superstition discomfort |
| 5 Explanation of failure of Catholicism |
| 6 Political history of papacy: it was transmuted from a spiritual confederacy into absolute monarchy |
| 7 Action of College of Cardinals & Curia |
| 8 Demoralization that ensued from necessity of raising large revenues |
| 9 advantages accruing to Europe during Catholic rule arose not from direct intention but were incidental |
| 10 general result is that political influence of Catholicism was prejudicial to modern civilization |
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15 SCIENCE IN RELATION TO MODERN CIVILIZATION
| 1 Illustration of general influences of Science from history of America |
|
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16 INTRODUCTION OF SCIENCE INTO EUROPE
| 1 It passed from Moorish Spain to Upper Italy & was favored by absence of popes at Avignon |
| 2 effects of printing of maritime adventure & Reformation |
| 3 Establishment of Italian scientific societies |
|
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17 INTELLECTUAL INFLUENCE OF SCIENCE
| 1 It changed mode & direction of thought in Europe |
| 2 transactions of Royal Society of London & other scientific societies furnish an illustration of this |
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18 ECONOMICAL INFLUENCE OF SCIENCE
| 1 is illustrated by numerous mechanical & physical inventions |
| 2 made since 1300s |
| 3 Their influence on health & domestic life on arts of peace & of war Answer to question What has Science done for humanity? |
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19 IMPENDING CRISIS INDICATIONS OF APPROACH OF A RELIGIOUS CRISIS |
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20 PREDOMINATING CHRISTIAN CHURCH ROMAN PERCEIVES THIS & MAKES PREPARATION FOR IT |
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21 PIUS 9 CONVOKES OECUMENICAL COUNCIL |
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22 RELATIONS OF DIFFERENT EUROPEAN GOVERNMENTS TO PAPACY |
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23 RELATIONS OF CHURCH TO SCIENCE AS INDICATED BY ENCYCLICAL LETTER & SYLLABUS
| 1 Acts of Vatican Council in relation to infallibility of pope & to Science |
| 2 Abstract of decisions arrived at Controversy between Prussian Government & papacy |
| 3 It is a contest between State & Church for supremacy |
| 4 Effect of dual government in Europe |
| 5 Declaration by Vatican Council of its position as to Science |
| 6 dogmatic constitution of Catholic faith |
| 7 Its definitions respecting God Revelation Faith Reason |
| 8 anathemas it pronounces |
| 9 Its denunciation of modern civilization |
| 10 Protestant Evangelical Alliance & its acts General review of foregoing definitions & acts |
| 11 Present condition of controversy & its future prospects. |
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23 1920 Religion & Science From Galileo to Bergson by Hardwick, John Charlton 43,103W 172 2:52
1 INTRODUCTORY
| 1 Religion & Science defined |
| 2 "Accurate & systematic knowledge" |
| 3 necessarily affects our "attitude to life" |
| 4 Can our systematised knowledge sanction a religious attitude? |
| 5 This "religious problem" |
| 6 Religious harmony of Middle Ages |
| 7 Will it return? |
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2 DISSOLUTION OF OLD SYNTHESIS
| 1 old World-Scheme described |
| 2 Aquinas & Scholasticism |
| 3 Cusanus criticises conventional ideas of space |
| 4 New Astronomy of Copernicus |
| 5 Bruno & an infinite universe |
| 6 Galileo's telescope |
| 7 New Physics & an automatic universe |
| 8 New Logic |
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3 GROWTH OF MECHANICAL THEORY
| 1 New Science creates a New Philosophy |
| 2 Universality of Mechanics Importance of Harvey's discovery |
| 3 Descartes extends mechanical theory to cover physiology & psychology |
| 4 Hobbes & a naturalistic ethic |
| 5 Newton extends operation of law from earth to heavens |
| 6 Religious attitude of these thinkers |
| 7 Significance of their thought |
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4 1600s REACTIONS
| 1 Law of Thought Spinoza |
| 2 Mechanical Universe spiritually interpreted |
| 3 Natura Naturans, what it means |
| 4 Ethics |
| 5 Spinoza's mysticism |
| 6 His personality |
| 7 Leibniz & a philosophy of personality |
| 8 His monads |
| 9 Pascal |
| 10 His significance |
| 11 Pensées |
| 12 eternal protest of religion |
| 13 Man defies universe |
| 14 Results |
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5 RISE OF AN ANTI RELIGIOUS SCIENCE
| 1 1700s Anti-clericalism in France |
| 2 Voltaire's propaganda |
| 3 Diderot & Encyclopædists |
| 4 Holbach's System of Nature |
| 5 Laplace's astronomy |
| 6 Lavoisier & New Chemistry |
| 7 Dalton's atomic theory |
| 8 Results for religion |
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6 RISE OF GERMAN IDEALISM
| 1 Importance, for mechanical view, of Locke's theory of knowledge |
| 2 Weakness of speculative philosophy |
| 3 Rise of "critical" philosophy Kant |
| 4 He seeks to solve problem: How is knowledge possible? |
| 5 Kant's view of mind's function in knowledge |
| 6 Mechanism a "form of thought," subjective not objective |
| 7 Kant's view of reality |
| 8 Can we know reality? |
| 9 2 worlds |
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7 ROMANTIC MOVEMENT
| 1 Kant clears ground for a new philosophy |
| 2 Significance of Rousseau |
| 3 His attitude to culture |
| 4 new philosophy in Germany, its goal |
| 5 Fichte |
| 6 Hegel a rationalistic-romanticist |
| 7 His method |
| 8 Hegelianism |
| 9 Significance for religious thought of Schleiermacher |
| 10 autonomy of religion & religious experience |
|
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8 MECHANISM & LIFE
| 1 Rise of bio-chemistry & bio-physics in Germany |
| 2 Significance of these movements |
| 3 Origin of Species |
| 4 Lamarck |
| 5 new geology |
| 6 Darwin |
| 7 Results of his theory |
|
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9 MATERIALISM & AGNOSTICISM
| 1 Early decline of Romanticism in Germany |
| 2 Comte & "positive" philosophy |
| 3 Materialism in Germany |
| 4 Darwinism & "argument from design" |
| 5 Haeckel |
| 6 Spencerian evolutionism |
| 7 Spencer's moral idealism |
| 8 His philosophy of religion |
| 9 Agnosticism |
| 10 Rise of philosophic pessimism |
| 11 Significance of Nietzsche |
|
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10 REACTIONS IN PHILOSOPHY
| 1 German idealism naturalised in Engl & by Coleridge & Carlyle |
| 2 These writers described |
| 3 Sartor Resartus |
| 4 Idealism at Oxford, T H Green F H Bradley |
| 5 Balfour's plea for a philosophy of science |
| 6 Revival of Idealism in Germany |
| 7 Lotze |
| 8 His view of "values" & reality |
|
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11 SOME RECENT TENDENCIES IN PHILOSOPHY
| 1 new philosophy of Science |
| 2 Mach on "Economy of Thought" |
| 3 "Abstractness" & artificiality of scientific method |
| 4 Boutroux & natural law |
| 5 James' view of mind carried further by Bergson |
| 6 His view of intellect |
| 7 What it can, & what it cannot, do for us |
| 8 Intuition |
| 9 Indeterminism & Pluralism |
| 10 Leibniz revived |
| 11 Ward's philosophy of personality |
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12 SOME RECENT TENDENCIES IN SCIENCE
| 1 "New" Physics |
| 2 New theories of matter |
| 3 "New" Biology |
| 4 Driesch & neo-vitalism |
| 5 "New" Psychology |
| 6 "Spiritualism" |
| 7 outlook for future |
|
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13 SOME FINAL CONSIDERATIONS
| 1 History of Thought supplies no material for dogmatising |
| 2 Yet a progress of ideas is evident |
| 3 Permanency of "spiritual" view of reality |
| 4 Its continual revival |
| 5 Sabatier's saying Need of freedom alike for religion & for science. |
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31 859 Ancient Church Its History, Doctrine, Worship, & Constitution by Killen, W. D. (William Dool) 235,177W 941 15:41
1 FROM BIRTH OF CHRIST TO DEATH OF APOSTLE JOHN 100 AD
1 HISTORY OF PLANTING & GROWTH OF APOSTOLIC CHURCH
1 ROMAN EMPIRE AT TIME OF BIRTH OF CHRIST
| 1 boundaries of Empire 3 |
| 2 Its population strength & grandeur |
| 3 Its orators poets & philosophers 5 |
| 4 influence of Rome upon provinces |
| 5 languages most extensively spoken 6 |
| 6 moral condition of Empire |
| 7 influence of philosophical sects: Epicureans the |
| 8 Stoics Academics & Plato 7 |
| 9 influence of current Polytheism 9 |
| 10 state of Jews: Pharisees Sadducees & Essenes |
| 11 Preparations for a great Deliverer & expectation of His appearance 11 |
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2 LIFE OF CHRIST
| 1 date of Birth of Christ |
| 2 place of His Birth |
| 3 visit of angel to shepherds 15 |
| 4 visit of Magi flight into Egypt murder of John Baptist |
| 5 infants at Bethlehem |
| 6 presentation in Temple 16 |
| 7 infancy & boyhood of Jesus 17 |
| 8 His baptism & entrance upon His public ministry 18 |
| 9 His mysterious movements 19 |
| 10 remarkable blanks in accounts given of Him in Gospels 20 |
| 11 His moral purity 21 |
| 12 His doctrine & His mode of teaching 22 |
| 13 His miracles 23 |
| 14 independence of His proceedings as a reformer 25 |
| 15 length of His ministry 26 |
| 16 Sanhedrim & Pontius Pilate 27 |
| 17 Death of Christ & its significance 28 |
| 18 His Resurrection & His appearance afterwards only to His own followers 29 |
| 19 His Ascension 30 |
| 20 His extraordinary character 31 |
| 21 SUPPLEMENTARY NOTE on year of Birth of Christ 32 |
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31 2 & 70
| 1 Our Lord during His short ministry trained 82 preachers |
| 21 2 & 70 36 |
| 3 Various names of some of 12 37 |
| 4 Relationship of some of parties 39 |
| 5 Original condition of 12 |
| 6 Various characteristics of 12 40 |
| 7 12 why called Apostles 42 |
| 8 Typical meaning of appointment of 12 & 70 43 |
| 9 In what sense Apostles founded Church 45 |
| 10 Why so little notice of 70 in New Testament 46 |
| 11 No account of ordinations of pastors or elders by 12 & 70 47 |
| 12 No succession from 12 & 70 can be traced 48 |
| 13 In what sense 12 & 70 have no successors & in
what sense they have 50 |
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4 31 - 44 PROGRESS OF GOSPEL FROM DEATH OF CHRIST TO DEATH OF APOSTLE JAMES BROTHER OF JOHN
1 successful preaching of Apostles in Jerusalem 52 |
| 2 disciples have all things common ib. |
| 3 appointment of deacons 54 |
| 4 Apostles refuse to obey rulers of Jews 55 |
| 5 date of martyrdom of Stephen ib. |
| 6 gospel preached in Samaria 56 |
| 7 baptism of Ethiopian eunuch & Cornelius centurion 57 |
| 8 conversion of Saul his character position & sufferings 59 |
| 9 His visit to Jerusalem & vision 62 |
| 10 His ministry in Syria & Cilicia 63 |
| 11 His appearance at Antioch ib. |
| 12 Why disciples were called Christians 64 |
| 13 Paul & Barnabas sent from Antioch with relief to poor saints
in Judea 65 |
| 14 Apostles leave Jerusalem |
| 15 why no successor appointed on |
| 16 death of James brother of John 66 |
| 17 Why Paul taken up to Paradise 68 |
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5 44 - 51 ORDINATION OF PAUL & BARNABAS: THEIR MISSIONARY TOUR IN ASIA MINOR: & COUNCIL OF JERUSALEM
| 1 Previous position of Paul & Barnabas |
| 2 Why now ordained |
| 3 Import of ordination |
| 4 By whom Paul & Barnabas were ordained |
| 5 They visit Cyprus Perga Antioch in Pisidia Iconium & other
places |
| 6 Ordain elders in every Church |
| 7 Opposition of Jews & dangers of missionaries |
| 8 Some insist on circumcision of Gentile converts & are resisted by Paul |
| 9 Why he objected to proposal |
| 10 Deputation to Jerusalem about this question |
| 11 Constituent members of Council of Jerusalem |
| 12 Date of meeting |
| 13 Not a popular assembly |
| 14 In what capacity Apostles here acted |
| 15 Why Council said "It seemed good to Holy Ghost & to us" |
| 16 decision |
| 17 Why converts were required to abstain from blood & things strangled |
| 18 Importance of decision |
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6 52 INTRODUCTION OF GOSPEL INTO EUROPE & MINISTRY OF PAUL AT PHILIPPI
1 Date of Paul's 1st appearance in Europe |
| 2 History of Philippi |
| 3 Jewish Oratory there |
| 4 Conversion of Lydia |
| 5 damsel with spirit of divination |
| 6 Paul & Silas before magistrates |
| 7 Causes of early persecutions |
| 8 Paul & Silas in prison |
| 9 Earthquake & alarm of jailer |
| 10 Remarkable conversion of jailer |
| 11 Alarm of magistrates |
| 12 Liberality of Philippians |
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7 52 - 4 MINISTRY OF PAUL IN THESSALONICA BEREA ATHENS & CORINTH
| 1 Thessalonica & its rulers |
| 2 more noble Bereans |
| 3 Athens & its ancient glory |
| 4 Paul's appearance among philosophers |
| 5 His speech on Mars' Hill |
| 6 Altar to unknown God |
| 7 Epicureans & Stoics |
| 8 resurrection of body a strange doctrine 106 |
| 9 Conversion of Dionysius Areopagite |
| 10 Corinth in 1st century |
| 11 Paul's success here |
| 12 Works at trade of a tent-maker |
| 13 Corinth a centre of missionary operation |
| 14 Corinthian Church & its character |
| 15 Opposition of Jews & conduct of Proconsul Gallio |
| 16 Paul writes 1st & 2nd Epistles to Thessalonians |
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8 54 - 7 CONVERSION OF APOLLOS: HIS CHARACTER: & MINISTRY OF PAUL IN EPHESUS
| 1 Paul's 1st visit to Ephesus |
| 2 Aquila & Priscilla instruct Apollos |
| 3 Position of Jews in Alexandria |
| 4 Gifts of Apollos |
| 5 Ministry of Apollos in Corinth |
| 6 Paul returns to Ephesus & disputes in school of Tyrannus |
| 7 Epistle to Galatians |
| 8 Paul's visit to Crete & perils in sea |
| 9 Churches founded at Colosse & elsewhere |
| 10 Temple of Diana at Ephesus & Ephesian letters |
| 11 Apollonius of Tyana & Paul's miracles |
| 12 1st Epistle to Corinthians |
| 13 Demetrius & craftsmen |
| 14 Asiarchs & town-clerk |
| 15 Progress of gospel in Ephesus |
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9 57 - 63 PAUL'S EPISTLES: HIS COLLECTION FOR POOR SAINTS AT JERUSALEM: HIS IMPRISONMENT THERE & AT CAESAREA & ROME
1 Paul preaches in Macedonia & Illyricum |
| 2 Writes 1st Epistle to Timothy & 2nd Epistle to
Corinthians |
| 3 Arrives in Corinth & writes Epistle to Romans |
| 4 Sets out on his return to Jerusalem: & when at Miletus sends
to Ephesus for elders of Church |
| 5 collection for poor saints of Jerusalem carried by 7 commissioners |
| 6 Riot when Paul appeared in Temple at Jerusalem |
| 7 Paul rescued by chief captain & made a prisoner |
| 8 Paul before Sanhedrim |
| 9 Removed to Caesarea |
| 10 Paul before Felix & Festus |
| 11 Appeals to Caesar |
| 12 His defence before Agrippa |
| 13 His voyage to Rome & shipwreck |
| 14 His arrival in Italy |
| 15 Greatness & luxury of Rome |
| 16 Paul preaches in his own hired house |
| 17 His zeal labours & success |
| 18 Writes to Philemon to Colossians Ephesians & Philippians |
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10 PAUL'S 2ND IMPRISONMENT & MARTYRDOM: PETER HIS EPISTLES HIS MARTYRDOM & ROMAN CHURCH
| 1 Evidences of Paul's release from his 1st Roman imprisonment |
| 2 His visit to Spain |
| 3 Writes Epistle to Hebrews |
| 4 Revisits Jerusalem & returns to Rome |
| 5 His 2nd Roman imprisonment |
| 6 Writes 2nd Epistle to Timothy |
| 7 Date of his martyrdom 156 |
| 8 Peter's arrival in Rome ib. |
| 9 His 1st Epistle written from Rome |
| 10 Why Rome called Babylon |
| 11 Peter writes his 2nd Epistle |
| 12 His testimony to inspiration of Paul |
| 13 His martyrdom |
| 14 Circumstances which at an early period gave prominence to
Church of Rome |
| 15 Its remarkable history |
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11 PERSECUTIONS OF APOSTOLIC CHURCH & ITS CONDITION AT TERMINATION OF 1ST CENTURY
| 1 Jews at 1st chief persecutors of Church |
| 2 Their banishment from Rome by Claudius |
| 3 Martyrdom of James Just |
| 4 Why Christians so much persecuted |
| 5 Persecution of Nero ib. |
| 6 general persecution |
| 7 Effect of fall of Jerusalem |
| 8 Persecution of Domitian |
| 9 grandchildren of Jude |
| 10 Flavius Clemens & Flavia Domitilla |
| 11 John banished to Patmos |
| 12 His last days & death |
| 13 State of Christian interest towards close of 1st century |
| 14 Spread of gospel |
| 15 Practical power of Christianity. |
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2 LITERATURE & THEOLOGY OF APOSTOLIC CHURCH
1 NEW TESTAMENT, ITS HISTORY, & AUTHORITY OF ITS VARIOUS PARTS. EPISTLE OF CLEMENT OF ROME
| 1 Why our Lord wrote nothing Himself |
| 2 order in which Gospels appeared |
| 3 Internal marks of truthfulness & originality in writings of Evangelists |
| 4 Acts of Apostles treat chiefly of acts of Peter & Paul |
| 5 On what principle Epistles of Paul arranged in New Testament |
| 6 titles of sacred books not appended by Apostles or Evangelists, & postscripts of Epistles of Paul not added by himself, & often not trustworthy |
| 7 dates of Catholic Epistles |
| 8 authenticity of various parts of New Testament, ib. Doubts respecting Epistle to Hebrews, & some of smaller Epistles, & Apocalypse |
| 9 Division of New Testament into chapters & verses |
| 10 All, in primitive times, were invited & required to study Scriptures |
| 11 autographs of sacred penmen not necessary to prove inspiration of their writings |
| 12 Epistle of Clement to Corinthians |
| 13 truth of New Testament established by all proper tests which can be applied |
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2 DOCTRINE OF APOSTOLIC CHURCH
| 1 Same system of doctrine in Old & New Testaments |
| 2 New Testament complement of Old |
| 3 views of Apostles at 1st obscure |
| 4 New light received after resurrection |
| 5 In New Testament a full statement of apostolic doctrine |
| 6 Sufficiency & plenary inspiration of Scripture |
| 7 State of man by nature, 192 Faith & Word |
| 8 All doctrines of Bible form one system |
| 9 Deity of Christ |
| 10 Incarnation & Atonement |
| 11 Predestination |
| 12 Trinity |
| 13 Creeds |
| 14 Practical tendency of apostolic doctrine |
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3 HERESIES OF APOSTOLIC AGE
| 1 Original meaning of word Heresy |
| 2 How word came to signify something wrong, 201 |
| 3 Judaizers earliest errorists |
| 4 Views of Gnostics respecting present world, body of Christ, & resurrection of body |
| 5 Simon Magus & other heretics mentioned in New Testament |
| 6 Carpocrates, Cerinthus, & Ebion |
| 7 Nicolaitanes |
| 8 Peculiarities of Jewish, sectarianism |
| 9 Unity of apostolic Church not much affected by heretics |
| 10 Heresy convicted by its practical results |
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4 WORSHIP & CONSTITUTION OF APOSTOLIC CHURCH
1 LORD'S DAY: WORSHIP OF APOSTOLIC CHURCH: ITS SYMBOLIC ORDINANCES, & ITS DISCIPLINE
| 1 Christians assembled for worship on 1st day of week |
| 2 Our Lord recognized permanent obligation of 4th Commandment |
| 3 Worship of Church resembled, not that of Temple, but
that of Synagogue |
| 4 No Liturgies in apostolic Church |
| 5 No instrumental music |
| 6 Scriptures read publicly |
| 7 Worship in vulgar tongue |
| 8 Ministers had no official dress |
| 9 Baptism administered to infants |
| 10 Mode of Baptism |
| 11 Lord's Supper frequently administered |
| 12 elements not believed to be transubstantiated |
| 13 Profane excluded from Eucharist |
| 14 Cases of discipline decided by Church rulers |
| 15 Case of Corinthian fornicator, ib. |
| 16 Share of people in Church discipline |
| 17 Significance of excommunication in apostolic Church |
| 18 Perversion of excommunication by Church of Rome |
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2 EXTRAORDINARY TEACHERS OF APOSTOLIC CHURCH: & ITS ORDINARY OFFICE-BEARERS, THEIR APPOINTMENT, & ORDINATION
| 1 Enumeration of ecclesiastical functionaries in Ephesians iv. 11, 12, & 1 Corinthians |
| 2 Ordinary Church officers, teachers, rulers, & deacons |
| 3 Elders, or bishops, same as pastors & teachers |
| 4 Different duties of elders & deacons |
| 5 All primitive elders did not preach |
| 6 office of teaching elder most honourable |
| 7 Even Apostles considered preaching their highest function |
| 8 Timothy & Titus not diocesan bishops of Ephesus & Crete |
| 9 Pastoral Epistles inculcate all duties of ministers of Word |
| 10 Ministers of Word should exercise no lordship over each other |
| 11 members of apostolic Churches elected all their own office-bearers |
| 12 Church officers ordained by presbytery |
| 13 office of deaconess |
| 14 All members of apostolic Churches taught to contribute to each other's edification |
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3 ORGANIZATION OF APOSTOLIC CHURCH
| 1 Unity of Church of Israel |
| 2 Christian Church also made up of associated congregations |
| 3 Apostles act upon principle of ecclesiastical confederation |
| 4 Polity of Christian Church borrowed from institutions of Israelites |
| 5 Account of Sanhedrim & inferior Jewish courts |
| 6 Evidences of similar arrangements in Christian Church |
| 7 How meeting mentioned in 15th chapter of Acts differed in its construction from Sanhedrim |
| 8 Why we have not a more particular account of government of Christian Church in New Testament |
| 9 No higher & lower houses of convocation in apostolic Church |
| 10 James not bishop of Jerusalem |
| 11 Origin of story |
| 12 Jerusalem for some time stated place of meeting of highest court of Christian Church |
| 13 Traces of provincial organization in Proconsular Asia, Galatia, & other districts, among apostolic Churches |
| 14 Intercourse between apostolic Churches, by letters & deputations |
| 15 How there were preachers in apostolic Church of whom Apostles disapproved |
| 16 unity of apostolic Church |
| 17 in what it consisted, to what it may be compared |
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4 ANGELS OF 7 CHURCHES
| 1 mysterious symbols of Apocalypse |
| 27 stars 7 angels |
| 3 These angels not angelic beings, & not corporate bodies, but individuals |
| 4 name angel probably not taken from that of an officer of synagogue |
| 5 angel of synagogue a congregational officer |
| 6 angels of Churches not diocesan bishops |
| 7 stars, not attached to candlesticks, but in h & of Christ, |
| 8 angels of Churches were their messengers sent to visit John in Patmos |
| 9 Why only 7 angels named |
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2 DEATH OF APOSTLE JOHN TO CONVERSION OF CONSTANTINE 100 - 312 212
1 CATHOLIC SYSTEM
| 1 History of word Catholic |
| 2 Circumstances in which system originated |
| 3 bishop centre of unity for his district |
| 4 Principal or apostolic Churches: their position |
| 5 Church of Rome more potentially principal |
| 6 How communion maintained among Churches |
| 7 Early jealousy towards bishop of Rome |
| 8 Catholic system identified with Rome |
| 9 Why Apostle Peter everywhere so highly exalted |
| 10 Roman bishops sought to work out idea of unity |
| 11 Theory of Catholic system fallacious |
| 12 How Rome antitype of Babylon |
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2 PRIMITIVE EPISCOPACY & PRESBYTERIAN ORDINATION
| 1 Where Christians formed only a single congregation Episcopacy made little change |
| 2 bishop parish minister |
| 3 Every one who could might preach if bishops permitted |
| 4 Bishops thickly planted, all of equal rank, greatest had very limited jurisdiction |
| 5 Ecclesiastics often engaged in secular pursuits |
| 6 Alexandrian presbyters made their bishops |
| 7 When this practice ceased |
| 8 Alexandrian bishops not originally ordained by imposition of hands |
| 9 Roman presbyters & others made their bishops |
| 10 bishop presiding elder: early Roman bishops so called |
| 11 Bishops of order of presbytery |
| 12 All Christian ministers originally ordained by presbyters |
| 13 A bishop ordained by a bishop & a presbyter |
| 14 Difference between ancient & modern bishops |
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3 PROGRESS OF PRELACY
| 1 Power of president of a court |
| 2 Power of ecclesiastical president increased when elected by
people |
| 3 superior wealth of bishop added to his influence |
| 4 Appointment of lectors, sub-deacons, acolyths, exorcists, & janitors |
| 5 These new offices first appeared in Rome |
| 6 Bishops began to appoint church officers without consulting people |
| 7 New canons relative to ordination |
| 8 Presbyters ceased to inaugurate bishops |
| 9 Presbyters continued to ordain presbyters & deacons |
| 10 Country bishops deprived of right to ordain |
| 11 Account of their degradation |
| 12 Rise of metropolitans |
| 13 Circumstances which added to power of city bishops |
| 14 One bishop in each province at head of rest |
| 15 Jealousies & contentions of city bishops |
| 16 Great change in Church, in 2 centuries |
| 17 Reasons why establishment of metropolitans so much opposed |
|
|
4 SYNODS THEIR HISTORY & CONSTITUTION
| 1 Apostles sought, 1st, conversion of sinners, & then edification of their converts |
| 2 No general union of Churches originally |
| 3 But intercourse in various ways maintained |
| 4 150s Synods did not commence until |
| 5 part of original constitution of Church |
| 6 At 1st held on a limited scale, 609 |
| 7 Reason why we have no account of early Synods |
| 8 1st notice of Synods, 610 |
| 9 Synods held respecting Paschal controversy, 611 |
| 10 Found in operation everywhere before 200 |
| 11 Tertullian does not say that Synods commenced in Greece |
| 12 Why he notices Greek Synods |
| 13 Amphictyonic Council did not suggest establishment of Synods |
| 14 Synods originally met only once a-year |
| 15 Began to meet in fixed places in Greece & Asia Minor |
| 16 300ish Met twice a-year |
| 17 Synods in 3rd century respecting re-baptism |
| 18 Synods at Antioch respecting Paul of Samosata |
| 19 Early Synods composed of bishops & elders |
| 20 Deacons & laymen had no right of voting |
| 21 Churches not originally independent |
| 22 Utility of Synods |
| 23 Circumstances which led to a change in their constitution |
| 24 Decline of primitive polity |
|
|
5 CEREMONIES & DISCIPLINE OF CHURCH, AS ILLUSTRATED BY CURRENT CONTROVERSIES & DIVISIONS
| 1 rise of Nazarenes |
| 2 Lessons taught by their history |
| 3 Paschal controversy & Victor's excommunication |
| 4 Danger of depending on tradition |
| 5 Institution of Easter unnecessary |
| 6 tickets of peace & schism of Felicissimus |
| 7 Schism of Novatian |
| 8 Controversy respecting baptism of heretics, & Stephen's excommunication |
| 9 Uniformity in discipline & ceremonies not to be found in ancient Church |
| 10 Increasing intolerance of dominant party in this Church |
|
|
6 THEORY OF CHURCH & HISTORY OF ITS PERVERSION: CONCLUDING OBSERVATIONS
| 1 Church invisible & its attributes |
| 2 visible Church & its defects |
| 3 holy Catholic Church: what it meant |
| 4 Church visible & Church invisible confounded |
| 5 Evils of Catholic system |
| 6 Establishment of an odious ecclesiastical monopoly |
| 7 Pastors began to be called priests |
| 8 Arrogant assumptions of bishops |
| 9 Catholic system encouraged bigotry |
| 10 Its ungenerous spirit |
| 11 claims of Word of God not properly recognized |
| 12 Many corruptions already in Church |
| 13 establishment of hierarchy a gr & mistake |
| 14 Only promoted outward, not real unity |
| 15 Sad state of Church when Catholicism was fully developed |
| 16 Evangelical unity: in what it consists |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3 HISTORY OF CHURCH
1 GROWTH OF CHURCH
| 1 Prospects of Church in beginning of 2nd century |
| 2 Christianity recommended by its good fruits |
| 3 Diffusion of Scriptures & preparation of versions in other languages |
| 4 Doubtful character of miracles attributed to this period |
| 5 Remarkable progress of gospel |
| 6 Christianity propagated in Africa, France, Thrace, & Scotl & |
| 7 Testimonies to its success |
| 8 Gains ground rapidly towards close of 200s |
| 9 Its progress, how to be tested |
|
|
2 PERSECUTIONS OF CHURCH
| 1 Spectators impressed by sufferings of Christians |
| 2 blood of martyrs seed of Church |
| 3 Persecution promoted purity of Church |
| 4 Christian graces gloriously displayed in times of persecution |
| 5 Private sufferings of Christians |
| 6 How far Romans acted on a principle of toleration |
| 7 Christianity opposed as a "new religion," |
| 8 Correspondence between Pliny & Trajan |
| 9 Law of Trajan |
| 10 Martyrdom of Simeon of Jerusalem |
| 11 Sufferings of Christians under Hadrian |
| 12 Hadrian's rescript |
| 13 Marcus Aurelius a persecutor |
| 14 Justin & Polycarp martyred |
| 15 Persecution at Lyons & Vienne |
| 16 Absurd passion for martyrdom |
| 17 Treatment of Christians by Septimius Severus |
| 18 Libellatici & Thurificati |
| 19 Perpetua & Felicitas martyred |
| 20 Alexander Severus & Philip Arabian favourable to Christians |
| 21 Persecution under Decius |
| 22 Persecution under Valerian |
| 23 Gallienus issues an edict of toleration |
| 24 260 - 300 State of Church |
| 25 Diocletian persecution |
| 26 Traditors |
| 27 Cruelties now practised |
| 28 Not ten general persecutions |
| 29 Deaths of persecutors |
| 30 Causes of persecutions |
| 31 sufferings of Christians did not teach them toleration |
|
|
3 FALSE BRETHREN & FALSE PRINCIPLES IN CHURCH: SPIRIT & CHARACTER OF CHRISTIANS
| 1 Piety of early Christians not superior to that of all succeeding ages |
| 2 Covetous & immoral pastors in ancient Church |
| 3 Asceticism & its pagan origin |
| 4 unmarried clergy & virgins |
| 5 Paul & Antony 1st hermits |
| 6 Origin of use of sign of cross |
| 7 Opposition of Christians to image-worship |
| 8 Image-makers condemned |
| 9 Objections of Christians to theatre, gladiatorial shows, & other public spectacles |
| 10 Superior morality of mass of early Christians |
| 11 How they treated question of polygamy |
| 12 Condemned intermarriages with heathens |
| 13 How they dealt with question of slavery |
| 14 Influence of Christianity on condition of slave |
| 15 Brotherly love of Christians |
| 16 Their kindness to distressed heathens |
| 17 Christianity fitted for all mankind |
|
|
4 100s CHURCH OF ROME
| 1 Weak historical foundation of Romanism |
| 2 Church of Rome not founded by either Paul or Peter |
| 3 Its probable origin |
| 4 Little known of its primitive condition |
| 5 Its early episcopal succession a riddle |
| 6 Martyrdom of Telesphorus |
| 7 Heresiarchs in Rome |
| 8 Its presiding presbyter called bishop, & invested with additional power |
| 9 Beginning of Catholic system |
| 10 Changes in ecclesiastical constitution not accomplished without opposition |
| 11 Visit of Polycarp to Rome |
| 12 Why so much deference so soon paid to Roman Church |
| 13 Wealth & influence of its members |
| 14 Remarkable testimony of Irenaeus respecting it |
| 15 Under what circumstances given |
| 16 Victor's excommunication of Asiatic Christians |
| 17 Extent of Victor's jurisdiction |
| 18 Explanation of his arrogance |
| 19 1st fruits of Catholic system |
|
|
5 CHURCH OF ROME IN 3RD CENTURY
| 1 Genuine letters of early bishops of Rome & false Decretal epistles |
| 2 Discovery of statue of Hippolytus & of his "Philosophumena," |
| 3 Roman bishops Zephyrinus & Callistus |
| 4 Heresy of Zephyrinus |
| 5 Extraordinary career & heresy of Callistus |
| 6 bishop of Rome not a metropolitan in time of Hippolytus |
| 7 Bishops of Rome chosen by votes of clergy & people |
| 8 Remarkable election of Fabian, ib. |
| 9 Discovery of catacombs |
| 10 Origin of catacombs, & how used by Christians of Rome |
| 11 testimony of their inscriptions |
| 12 ancient Roman clergy married |
| 13 250s Severity of persecution at Rome |
| 14 4 Roman bishops martyred |
| 15 Statistics of Roman Church about this period |
| 16 Schism of Novatian |
| 17 Controversy respecting rebaptism of heretics, & rashness of Stephen, bishop of Rome |
| 18 Misinterpretation of Matt |
| 19 Increasing power of Roman bishop |
| 20 bishop of Rome becomes a metropolitan, & is recognized by Emperor Aurelian |
| 21 Early Roman bishops spoke & wrote in Greek |
| 22 Obscurity of their early annals |
| 23 Advancement of their power during 2nd & 3rd centuries |
| 24 Causes of their remarkable progress |
|
|
|
4 LITERATURE & THEOLOGY OF CHURCH
1 ECCLESIASTICAL WRITERS
| 1 amount of their extant writings |
| 2 Epistle of Polycarp |
| 3 Justin Martyr, his history & his works |
| 4 Epistle to Diognetus |
| 5 Tatian, Athenagoras, Theophilus, & Hermas |
| 6 Epistle of Barnabas & Shepherd of Hermas |
| 7 Papias & Hegesippus |
| 8 Irenaeus & his Works |
| 9 Tertullian, his character & writings |
| 10 Clement of Alexandria |
| 11 Hippolytus |
12 Minucius Felix
| 1 Origen |
| 2 early history & remarkable career |
| 3 great learning |
| 4 speculative spirit |
| 5 treatise against Celsus & "Hexapla" |
| 6 theological peculiarities |
|
| 13 Cyprian, his training, character, & writings |
| 14 Gregory Thaumaturgus |
| 15 value of Fathers as ecclesiastical authorities |
| 16 Their erroneous & absurd expositions |
| 17 excellency of Scripture |
|
|
2 IGNATIAN EPISTLES & THEIR CLAIMS: EXTERNAL EVIDENCE
| 1 journeys undertaken in search of Ignatian Epistles, & amount of literature to which they have given birth |
| 2 Why these letters have awakened such interest |
| 3 story of Ignatius & its difficulties |
| 4 7 Epistles known to Eusebius & those which appeared
afterwards |
| 5 different recensions of 7 Letters known to Eusebius |
| 6 discovery of Syriac version |
| 7 Diminished size of Curetonian Letters |
| 8 testimony of Eusebius considered |
| 9 testimony of Origen |
| 10 Ignatian Epistles not recognised by Irenaeus or Polycarp |
| 11 These letters not known to Tertullian, Hippolytus, & other early writers |
| 12 date of their fabrication. |
| 13 Their multiplication accounted for |
| 14 Remarkable that spurious works are often found in more than one edition |
|
|
3 IGNATIAN EPISTLES & THEIR CLAIMS: INTERNAL EVIDENCE
| 1 history of these Epistles like story of Sibylline books |
| 23 Curetonian Letters as objectionable as those formerly published |
| 3 style suspicious, challenged by Ussher |
| 4 Word of God strangely ignored in these letters |
| 5 Their chronological blunders betray their forgery |
| 6 Various words in them have a meaning which they did not acquire until after time of Ignatius |
| 7 Their puerilities, vapouring, & mysticism betray their spuriousness |
| 8 anxiety for martyrdom displayed in them attests their forgery |
| 9 internal evidence confirms view already taken of date of their fabrication |
| 10 Strange attachment of Episcopalians to these letters |
| 11 sagacity of Calvin |
|
|
4 GNOSTICS, MONTANISTS, & MANICHAEANS
| 1 early heresies numerous |
| 2 systems with which Christianity had to struggle |
| 3 leading peculiarities of Gnosticism |
| 4 Aeons, Demiurge, & Saviour |
| 5 Saturninus, Basilides, & Valentine |
| 6 Marcion & Carpocrates |
| 7 Causes of popularity of Gnosticism, & its defects |
| 8 Montanus & his system |
| 9 His success & condemnation |
| 10 Mani & his doctrine of 2 Principles |
| 11 Elect & Hearers of Manichaeans |
| 12 Martyrdom of Mani |
| 13 Peculiarities of heretics gradually adopted by Catholic Church |
| 14 Doctrine of Venial & Mortal Sins |
| 15 Doctrine of Purgatory |
| 16 Celibacy & Asceticism |
|
|
5 DOCTRINE OF CHURCH
| 1 Leading doctrines of gospel still acknowledged |
| 2 Meaning of theological terms not yet exactly defined |
| 3 Scripture venerated & studied |
| 4 Extraordinary scriptural acquirements of some of early Christians |
| 5 Doctrine of Plenary Inspiration of Scripture taught |
| 6 canon of New Testament |
| 7 Spurious scriptures & tradition |
| 8 Human Depravity & Regeneration |
| 9 Christ worshipped by early Christians |
| 10 Christ God & man |
| 11 Ebionites, Theodotus, Artemon, & Paul of Samosata |
| 12 Doctrine of Trinity |
| 13 Praxeas, Noetus, & Sabellius |
| 14 Doctrine of Trinity not borrowed from Platonism |
| 15 Atonement & Justification by Faith |
| 16 Grace & Predestination |
| 17 Theological errors |
| 18 Our knowledge of gospel does not depend on our proximity to days of Apostles |
|
|
|
5 WORSHIP & CONSTITUTION OF CHURCH
1 WORSHIP OF CHURCH
| 1 Splendour of Pagan & Jewish worship, simplicity of Christian worship |
| 2 places of worship of early Christians |
| 3 Psalmody of Church |
| 4 No instrumental music |
| 5 No forms of prayer used by early pastors |
| 6 Congregation stood at prayer |
| 7 Worship, how conducted |
| 8 Scriptures read in public worship |
| 9 manner of preaching |
| 10 Deportment of congregation |
| 11 Dress of ministers |
| 12 Great change between this & 16th century |
|
|
2 BAPTISM
| 1 Polycarp probably baptized in infancy |
| 2 Testimony of Justin Martyr & Irenaeus for Infant Baptism |
| 3 Testimony of Origen |
| 4 Objections of Tertullian examined |
| 5 Sponsors in Baptism, who they were |
| 6 Baptism of Blood |
| 7 Infant Baptism universal in Africa in days of Cyprian |
| 8 mode of Baptism not considered essential |
| 9 Errors respecting Baptism, & new rites added to original institution |
| 10 Baptismal Service germ of a Church Liturgy |
| 11 Evils connected with corruption of baptismal institute |
|
|
3 LORD'S SUPPER
| 1 Danger of changing any part of a typical ordinance |
| 2 How Holy Supper was administered in Rome in 2nd century |
| 3 posture of communicants: sitting & standing |
| 4 bread not unleavened, |
| 5 Wine mixed with water |
| 6 Bread not put into mouth by minister |
| 7 Infant communion |
| 8 How often Lord's Supper celebrated |
| 9 words Sacrament & Transubstantiation |
| 10 Bread & wine types or symbols, ib. |
| 11 How Christ is present in Eucharist |
| 12 Growth of superstition in regard to Eucharist |
| 13 Danger of using language not warranted by Scripture |
|
|
4 CONFESSION & PENANCE
| 1 Confession often made at Baptism by disciples of John Baptist, & of Christ |
| 2 early converts forthwith baptized |
| 3 In 2nd century fasting preceded Baptism |
| 4 exomologesis of penitents |
| 5 Influence of mind on body, & body on mind |
| 6 Fasting not an ordinary duty |
| 7 Fasts of ancient Church, ib. |
| 8 Fasting soon made a test of repentance |
| 9 ancient penitential discipline |
| 10 Establishment of a Penitentiary |
| 11 Different classes of penitents |
| 12 Auricular confession now unknown |
| 13 Increasing spiritual darkness leads to confusion of terms |
|
|
5 100s CONSTITUTION OF CHURCH
| 1 Statement of Justin Martyr |
| 2 Great obscurity resting on subject |
| 3 Illustrated by Epistles of Clement & Polycarp |
| 4 Circumstances which led to writing of Clement's Epistle |
| 5 Churches of Corinth & Borne then governed by presbyters |
| 6 Churches of Smyrna & Philippi governed by presbyters |
| 7 presbyters had a chairman or president |
| 8 Traces of this in apostolic age |
| 9 Early catalogues of bishops: their origin & contradictions |
| 10 senior presbyter ancient president |
| 11 Testimony of Hilary confirmed by various proofs |
| 12 Ancient names of president of presbytery |
| 13 Great age of ancient bishops |
| 14 Great number of ancient bishops in a given period |
| 15 Remarkable case of Church of Jerusalem |
| 16 No parallel to it in more recent times |
| 17 Argument against heretics from episcopal succession illustrated |
| 18 claims of seniority long respected in various ways |
| 19 power of presiding presbyter limited, for Church was still governed by common council of presbyters |
| 20 Change of law of seniority |
| 21 199 Change made |
| 22 199 Singular that many episcopal lists stop |
| 23 Before that date only one bishop in Egypt |
| 24 In some places another system set up earlier |
|
|
6 RISE OF HIERARCHY CONNECTED WITH SPREAD OF HERESIES
| 1 Eusebius. defects of his Ecclesiastical History |
| 2 Superior erudition of Jerome |
| 3 His account of origin of Prelacy |
| 4 Prelacy originated after apostolic age |
| 5 Suggested by distractions of Church |
| 6 Formidable & vexatious character of early heresies |
| 7 Mode of appointing president of eldership changed |
| 8 Popular election of bishops, how introduced |
| 9 various statements of Jerome consistent |
| 10 primitive moderator & bishop contrasted |
| 11 How decree relative to a change in ecclesiastical constitution adopted throughout whole world |
|
|
7 PRELACY BEGINS IN ROME
| 1 Comparative length of lives of early bishops of Rome |
2 Observations relative to a change in organization of Roman Church in time of Hyginus
| 1 statement of Hilary will account for increased average
in length of episcopal life |
| 2 testimony of Jerome cannot otherwise be explained |
| 3 Hilary indicates that constitution of Church was
changed about this period |
| 4 At this time such an arrangement must naturally have suggested
itself to Roman Christians |
| 5 violent death of Telesphorus fitted to prepare way
for it |
| 6 influence of Rome would recommend its adoption |
| 7 A vacancy which occurred after death of Hyginus accords
with this view. Valentine a candidate for Roman bishopric |
| 8 letters of Pius to Justus corroborate this view |
| 9 It is sustained by fact that word bishop now
began to be applied to presiding elder |
| 10 Pontifical Book remarkably confirms it: Not strange that
history speaks so little of this change |
|
| 3 Little alteration at 1st apparent in general aspect of Church in consequence of adoption of new principle |
| 4 Facility with which change could be accomplished |
| 5 Polycarp probably dissatisfied with new arrangements |
| 6 Change, in all likelihood, not much opposed |
| 7 Many presbyters, as well as people, would be favourable to it |
| 8 new system gradually spread. |
|
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15 1900 A Short History of Monks & Monasteries by Wishart, Alfred Wesley 92,439W 370 6:10
1 MONASTICISM IN EAST
| 1 Hermits of Egypt |
| 2 Pillar Saint |
| 3 Cenobites of East |
|
|
2 340 - 480 MONASTICISM IN WEST: ANTE-BENEDICTINE MONKS
| 1 Monasticism & Women |
| 2 Spread of Monasticism in Europe |
| 3 Disorders & Oppositions |
|
|
3 BENEDICTINES
| 1 Rules of Benedict |
| 2 Struggle Against Barbarism |
| 3 Spread of Benedictine Rule |
|
|
4 REFORMED & MILITARY ORDERS
| 1 Military Religious Orders |
|
|
5 MENDICANT FRIARS
| 1 1182 - 1226 Francis Bernardone, |
| 2 Franciscan Orders |
| 3 Dominic de Guzman |
| 4 Dominican Orders |
| 5 Success of Mendicant Orders |
| 6 Decline of Mendicants |
|
|
6 SOCIETY OF JESUS
| 1 1491 - 1556 Ignatius de Loyola |
| 2 Constitution & Polity of Order |
| 3 Vow of Obedience |
| 4 Casuistry of Jesuits |
| 5 Mission of Jesuits |
| 6 Retrospect |
|
|
|
8
| 1 Events Preceding Suppression |
| 2 Monks & Oath of Supremacy |
| 3 Royal Commissioners & their Methods of Investigation |
| 4 Report of Commissioners |
| 5 Action of Parliament |
| 6 Effect of Suppression Upon People |
| 7 Henry's Disposal of Monastic Revenues |
| 8 Was Suppression Justifiable? |
| 9 Results of Dissolution |
|
|
9 CAUSES & IDEALS OF MONASTICISM
| 1 Causative Motives of Monasticism |
| 2 Beliefs Affecting Causative Motives |
| 3 Causes of Variations in Monasticism |
| 4 Fundamental Monastic Vows |
|
|
10 EFFECTS OF MONASTICISM
| 1 Effects of Self-Sacrifice Upon Individual |
| 2 Effects of Solitude Upon Individual |
| 3 Monks as Missionaries |
| 4 Monasticism & Civic Duties |
| 5 Agricultural Services of Monks |
| 6 Monks & Secular Learning |
| 7 Charity of Monks |
| 8 Monasticism & Religion. |
|
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|
16 524 Consolation of Philosophy by Anicius Manlius Severinus Boethius 480-524 78,500W 314 5:13:26 143M
1
| 1 Boethius' Complain |
| 2 His Depondency |
| 3 Mists Dispelled |
| 4 Nothing Can Subdue Virtue |
| 5 Boethius' Prayer |
| 6 All Things Have Their Needful Order |
| 7 Purturbations of Passion |
|
|
2
| 1 Fortune's Malice |
| 2 Man's Covetousness |
| 3 All Passes |
| 4 Golden Mean |
| 5 Former Age |
| 6 Nero's Infamy |
| 7 Glory May Not Last |
| 8 Love is Lord of All |
|
|
3
| 1 Thorns of Error |
| 2 Bent of Nature |
| 3 Insatiableness of Avarice |
| 4 Disgrace of Honors Conferred by Tyrant |
| 5 Self Mastery |
| 6 True Nobility |
| 7 Plearure's Sting |
| 8 Human Folly |
| 9 Invocation |
| 10 True Light |
| 11 Reminiscence |
| 12 Orpheus & Euredice |
|
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4
| 1 Soul's Flight |
| 2 Bondage of Passion |
| 3 Circe's Cup |
| 4 Unreasonableness of Hatred |
| 5 Wonder & Ignorance |
| 6 Universal Aim |
| 7 Hero's Path |
|
|
5
| 1 Chance |
| 2 True Sun |
| 3 Truth's Paradoxes |
| 4 Psychological Fallacy |
| 5 Upward Look |
| 6 Epilogue. |
|
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21 893 Church History, V3/3 by Kurtz, J. H. (Johann Heinrich) 1809-90 239,636W 959 15:59
1 Introduction
1 Relations between Different Churches
| 1 East & West |
| 2 Catholicism & Protestantism |
| 3 Lutheranism & Calvinism |
| 4 Anglicanism & Puritanism |
|
2 Roman Catholic Church
| 1 Papacy, Monkery, & Foreign Missions |
| 2 Quietism & Jansenism |
| 3 Science & Art in Catholic Church |
|
3 Lutheran Church
| 1 Orthodoxy & its Battles |
| 2 Religious Life |
|
4 Reformed Church
| 1 Theology & its Battles |
| 2 Religious Life |
|
5 Anti Extra Ecclesiastical Parties
| 1 Sects & Fanatics |
| 2 Philosophers & Freethinkers |
|
|
|
2 1700s Church History
1 Catholic Church in East & West
| 1 Roman Catholic Church |
| 2 Oriental Churches |
|
2 Protestant Churches
| 1 Lutheran Church before "Illumination" |
| 2 Church of Moravian Brethren |
| 3 Reformed Church before "Illumination" |
| 4 New Sects & Fanatics |
| 5 Religion, Theology, & Literature of "Illumination" |
| 6 Church Life in Period of "Illumination" |
|
|
|
3 1800s Church History
1 General & Introductory
| 1 1800s Survey of Religious Movements |
| 2 1800s Culture in Relation to Christianity & Church |
| 3 Intercourse & Negotiations between Churches |
|
2 Protestantism in General
| 1 Rationalism & Pietism |
| 2 Evangelical Union & Lutheran Separation |
| 3 Evangelical Confederation |
| 4 Lutheranism, Melanchthonianism, & Calvinism |
| 5 "Protestantenverein" |
| 6 Disputes about Forms of Worship |
| 7 Protestant Theology in Germany |
| 8 Home Missions |
| 9 Foreign Missions |
|
3 Catholicism in General
| 1 Papacy & States of Church |
| 2 Various Orders & Associations |
| 3 Liberal Catholic Movements |
| 4 Catholic Ultramontanism |
| 5 Vatican Council |
| 6 Old Catholics |
| 7 Catholic Theology, especially in Germany |
|
|
|
3 1800s Church History
4 Relation of Church to Empire & States
| 1 German Confederation |
| 2 Prussia |
| 3 North German smaller States |
| 4 Bavaria |
| 5 South German Smaller States & Rhenish Alsace & Lorraine |
| 6 so-called Kulturkampf in German Empire |
| 7 Austria-Hungary |
| 8 Switzerl & |
| 9 Holl & & Belgium |
| 10 Scandinavian Countries |
| 11 Great Britain & Irel & |
| 12 France |
| 13 Italy |
| 14 Spain & Portugal |
| 15 Russia |
| 16 Greece & Turkey |
| 17 United States of America |
| 18 Roman Catholic States of South America |
|
5 Opponents of Church & Christianity
| 1 Sectarians & Enthusiasts in Roman Catholic & Orthodox Russian Domains |
| 2 Sectaries & Enthusiasts in Protestant Domain |
| 3 Antichristian Socialism & Communism Chronological Tables. |
|
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3 Rome
|
|
3  889 Students Roman Empire V1 & 2
by J Bagnal Bury
286028W 1145 19:05
1
205750W 823 13:42:31 376M
1 Battle of Actium to foundation of principate |
| 2 27 BC - 14 AD Principate |
| 3 27 BC - 180 AD Joint government of princeps & senate |
| 4 27 BC - 14 AD family of Augustus & his plans to found a dynasty |
| 5 administration of Augustus in Rome & Italy: organization of army |
| 6 Provincial administration under Augustus western provinces |
| 7 Provincial Administration under Augustus eastern provinces |
8 27 BC - 4 AD Rome & Parthia
-
25-2 BC expeditions to Arabia & Ethiopia |
| 9 12 BC - 14 ad winning & losing of Germany death of Augustus |
| 10 Rome under Augustus his buildings |
| 11 41 BC - 14 AD Literature of Augustan age |
| 12 14 - 37 Principate of Tiberius |
| 13 37 - 41 Principate of Gaius (Caligula) |
| 14 41 - 54 Principate of Claudius |
| 15 43 - 61 conquest of britain |
| 16 54 - 68 principate of Nero |
| 17 41 - 66 wars of Armenia under claudius & nero |
|
2
| 1 68 - 9 Principate of Galba & Year of 4 Emperors |
| 2 69 - 70 Rebellions in Germany & Judea |
| 3 69 - 96 Vespasion Titus & Domitian |
| 4 69 - 96 Britain & Germany under Flavians |
| 5 96 - 117 Nerva & Trajan & Conquest of Dacia |
| 6 98 - 117 Trajan's Principate |
| 7 37 - 117 Literature from Death of Tiberius to Trajan |
| 8 117 - 138 Principate of Hadrian |
| 9 138 - 61 Principate of Antoninus Pius |
| 10 161 - 80 Principate of Marcus Aurelius |
| 11 138 - 80 Literature under Hadrian & Antonines |
| 12 27 BC - 180 AD Roman World under Empire - Politics Philosopy Religion & Art |
| 13 27 BC -180 AD Roman Life & Manners |
|
|
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|
|
6  1881 A Smaller History of Rome
by Eugene Lawrence & Sir William Smith
81250W 325 13:16:18 182M $4
| 1 Geography of Italy |
| 2 Early Inhabitants |
| 3 753 - 616 1st 4 Kings of Rome |
| 4 616 - 498 last 3 kings of Rome & establishment of republic down to battle of lake regillus |
| 5 498 - 51 From Battle of lkae Regillus to decemvirate |
| 6 451 - 49 Decemvirate |
| 7 448- 3 90 From Decemvirate to capture of Rome by Gauls |
| 8 390 - 67 From capture of Rome by Gauls to final union of 2 orders |
| 9 367 - 290 From Licinian Rogations to end of samnite wars |
| 10 290 - 65 From conclusion of samnite war to subjugation of Italy |
| 11 264 - 41 1st Punic War |
| 12 240 - 19 Events between 1st & 2nd Punic wars |
| 13 218 - 6 2nd Punic war: 1st period down to battle of Cannae |
| 14 215 - 07 2nd Punic War: 2nd Period from revolt of Capua to battle of metaurus |
| 15 206 - 1 2nd Punic war 3rd period from battle of metarrus to conclusion of war |
| 16 214 - 188 Wars in east: macedonian Syrian & Galatian wars |
| 17 200 - 175 Wars in went: gallic Ligurian & Spanish wars |
| 18 roman Constitution & army |
| 19 Internal History of Rome during macedonian & Syrian wars Cato & Scipio |
| 20 179 - 46 3rd Macedonian Achaean & 3rd Punic wars |
| 21 153 - 33 Spanish wars |
| 22 134 - 32 1st servile war |
| 23 133 - 21 Gracchi |
| 24 118 - 04 Jugurtha & his times |
| 25 113 - 101 cimbri & teutones |
| 26 103 - 1 2nd servile war in Sicily |
| 27 100 - 91 Internal History of Rome from defeat of cimbri & teutones to social war |
| 28 90 - 89 social or marsic war |
| 29 88 - 6 1st civil war |
| 30 88 - 4 1st Mithridatic war |
| 31 2nd civil War |
| 32 83 - 78 Sulla's dictatorship legislation & death |
| 33 78 - 70 From death of sulla to consulship of pompey & crassus |
| 34 69 - 1 Internal History from consulship of pompey & crassus to return of pompey from eat: conspiracy of catiline |
| 35 62 - 57 From Pompeys return from east to Cicero's banishment & recall |
| 36 58 - 1 Caesar's Campaigns in Gaul |
| 37 57 - 50 Internal History from return of Cicero from banishment to commencement of civil war: expedition & death of crassus |
| 38 49 - 4 Beginning of 2nd civil war to Caesars death |
| 39 44 - 2 death of caesar to battle of Philippi |
| 40 41-30 battle of Philippi to battle of Actium |
| 41 Sketch of history of roman literature from earliest times to death of Augustus |
| 42 31 BC - 14 AD Reign of Augustus Caesar |
| 43 14 - 96 Accession of Tiberius to domitian |
| 44 96 Prosperity of empire |
| 45 180 commodus |
| 46 96-8 reign of cocceius nerva |
| 47 192-284 Pertrinax to diocletian |
| 48 284 - 337 Diocletian to Constantine's death |
| 49 337 - 476 Death of Constantine to Romulus Augustus |
| 50 14 - 476 roman literature under empire |
|
|
|
8  1909 Conflict of Religions in Early Roman Empire
by Glover T R (Terrot Reaveley)
153598W 614 10:14
| 1 ROMAN RELIGION |
| 2 STOICS |
| 3 PLUTARCH |
| 4 JESUS OF NAZARETH |
| 5 FOLLOWERS OF JESUS |
| 6 CONFLICT OF CHRISTIAN & JEW |
| 7 "GODS OR ATOMS?" |
| 8 CELSUS |
| 9 CLEMENT OF ALEXANDRIA |
| 10 TERTULLIAN |
|
|
9  58-50 BC Commentaries of Gallic Wars
By Julius Caesar 100 - 44 BC
109250W 437 7:16:28 199M
1
| 1 Campaigns against Helvetii Orgetorix |
| 2 Jura Mountains Rhône Lake Geneva Rhine |
| 3 Aedui Arverni Sequani lead by Ariovistus |
| 4 Caesar attacks Vesontio (Besancon) of Sequani |
| 5 Battle Romans Vs Sequani lead by Ariovistus |
|
2
| 1 1st Campaign against Belgae Nervii |
| 2 Remi & Aedui help Rome defeat Nervii Belga |
|
3
| 1 Galba's Campaign in Valais |
| 2 Campaigns against Maritime tribes & Aquitani |
| 3 Attempted negotiations w/ defeat of Veneti |
|
4
| 1 Fate of Usipetes & Tencteri |
| 2 Caiear's 1st Invasion of Britain |
| 3 Negotiations with Germans |
| 4 Battle with Morini in Britian |
|
5
| 1 2nd Invasion of Britain |
| 2 Aduatuca Disaster |
| 3 Quintus Cicero at Bay |
| 4 Doom of Indutiomar |
| 5 Boats at Portus Itius (Booulogne-sur-Mer) |
| 6 Intutiomarus & Cingetorix Vs Treveri |
| 7 Defeated by Eburones w Abiorix & Cativolcus |
|
6
| 1 More Disturbances in North Eastern Gaul |
| 22 nd passage of Rhine |
| 3 Manner & Customs |
| 4 Religion & Institutions of Gauls & Germans |
| 5 Ill Omened Aduatuca |
| 6 Extermination of Eburones |
|
7
| 1 Rebellion of Vercingetorix |
| 2 Labienus Vs Parisii & Aedui |
|
|
|
10 25 BC Foundation of City V1 B1-2 by Livy 59 BC- 17 AD
108000W 432 7:11:32 111M
1
1
1 Earliest Legends |
2 Arrival of Aeneas in Italy & his deeds |
3 Reign of Ascanius |
|
2
1 & after him of Silvii at Alba |
2 Romulus & Remus born to Mars by daughter of Numitor |
3 Amulius killed |
|
3 Romulus
1 City founded |
2 Senate chosen |
3 War with Sabines |
4 Spolia opima dedicated to Jupiter Feretriu |
|
4
1 people divided into wards |
2 Fidenates & Veientes conquered |
3 Romulus deified |
|
5 Numa Pompilius
1 handed on religious rites |
2 door of Janus's temple closed |
|
6 Tullus Hostilius
1 ravaged country of Albans |
2 Battle of triplets |
3 Punishment of Mettius Fufetius |
|
7 Ancus Martius & Tarquinius Priscus
1 conquered Latins |
2 founded Ostia |
3 Tarquinius Priscus defeated Latins |
4 made a circus |
|
8 Servius Tullius
1 conquered Veientes |
2 divided people into classes: |
3 dedicated a temple to Diana |
|
9 Lucius Tarquinius Superbus seized kingdom without authorization of either Fathers or People |
|
2
1 BRUTUS bound people with an oath to allow no one to reign in Rome |
2 Publius Valerius consul proposed a law about appealing to people
|
| 3 Capitol dedicated |
4 Porsenna king of Clusium made war in behalf of Tarquinii & came to Janiculum |
5 On this account Claudian tribe was added & number of tribes was increased to twent-yone |
6 Volscian town of Corioli was captured by valiant efforts of Gnaeus Marcius |
7 Titus Latinius man of plebs was warned in dream to inform senate regarding certain offences against |
8 Gnaeus Marcius Coriolanus who had been driven into exile & had been made general of Volsci |
9 Volsci had led a hostile army nearly to Rome & when envoys who had been sent to him |
10 Fabian family asked to be allowed to carry on that war & dispatched thither 306 armed men |
11 Campaigns against Volsci Hernici & Veientes & quarrels between patricians & plebians. |
|
|
|
11  161 - 77 Marius Epicurean V1 (fiction)
by Pater
99000W 396P 6:35:43 181M $4
| 1 Religion of Numa |
| 2 White Nights |
| 3 Change of Air |
| 4 Tree of Knowledge |
| 5 Golden Book |
| 6 Euphuism |
| 7 Pagan End |
| 8 Animula Vagula |
| 9 New Cyrenaicism |
| 10 One Way |
| 11 Most Religious City in World |
| 12 Divinity that Doth Hedth a King |
| 13 Mistress & Mother of Palaces |
| 14 Manly Amusement. |
|
|
12  545 History of Wars Books III & IV Vandalic War
by Procopius 500 – c AD 565
85146W 341 5:41 |
|
|
14  1906 Religion of Numa & Other Essays on Religion of Ancient Rome
by Carter Jesse Benedict
51743W 207 3:27
| 1 Religion of Numa |
| 2 Reorganisation of Servius |
| 3 Coming of Siby |
| 4 Decline of Faith |
| 5 Augustan Renaissance. |
|
|
15  1890 Ancient Rome: from earliest times down to 476 AD
by
Pennell Robert Franklin
71658 175 2:55 $7.36
| 1 GEOGRAPHY OF ITALY |
| 2 EARLY INHABITANTS OF ITALY |
| 3 ROMANS & THEIR EARLY GOVERNMENT |
| 4 EARLY GROWTH & INTERNAL HISTORY OF ROME |
| 5 DYNASTY OF TARQUINS |
| 6 CONSULS & TRIBUNES |
| 7 COMITIA TRIBUTA & AGRARIAN LAWS |
| 8 CONTEST OF PLEBEIANS FOR CIVIL RIGHTS |
| 9 EXTERNAL HISTORY |
| 10 281 - 72 WARS WITH PYRRHUS |
| 11 DIVISIONS OF ROMAN TERRITORY NOTED MEN OF PERIOD |
| 12 FOREIGN CONQUEST |
| 13 ROME & CARTHAGE BETWEEN 1ST & 2ND PUNIC WARS |
| 14 218 - 6 2ND PUNIC WAR FROM PASSAGE OF PYRENEES TO BATTLE OF CANNAE |
| 15 2ND PUNIC WAR-FROM CANNAE TO BATTLE OF ZAMA |
| 16 ROME IN EAST |
| 17 SYRIAN WAR |
| 18 171 - 46 CONQUEST OF MACEDONIA & GREECE |
| 19 3RD PUNIC WAR & FALL OF CARTHAGE |
| 20 206 - 132 ROME & SPAIN NUMANTINE & SERVILE WARS |
| 21 INTERNAL HISTORY GRACCHI |
| 22 EXTERNAL HISTORY PERGAMUM JUGURTHINE WAR 118 - 04 |
| 23 CIMBRI & TEUTONES POLITICAL QUARRELS |
| 24 INTERNAL HISTORY SOCIAL WAR 90 - 88 |
| 25 MARIUS & SULLA CINNA |
| 26 SERTORIUS SPARTACUS LUCULLUS POMPEY & CRASSUS |
| 27 CAESAR CICERO VERRES |
| 28 TROUBLES AT ROME CONSPIRACY OF CATILINE |
| 29 1ST TRIUMVIRATE |
| 30 CAESAR'S CAMPAIGNS IN GAUL |
| 31 CLODIUS & MILO DEATH OF CRASSUS |
| 32 CAESAR'S STRUGGLE WITH POMPEY BATTLE OF PHARSALIA |
| 33 CAESAR'S OPERATIONS IN EGYPT ASIA AFRICA & SPAIN |
| 34 MURDER OF CAESAR |
| 35 2ND TRIUMVIRATE PHILIPPI & ACTIUM |
| 36 30 BC - 14 AD AUGUSTUS |
| 37 AUGUSTAN AGE |
| 38 JULIAN & CLAUDIAN EMPERORS |
| 39 FLAVIAN EMPERORS |
| 40 5 GOOD EMPERORS |
| 41 PERIOD OF MILITARY DESPOTISM DECLINE OF EMPIRE |
| 42 INVASIONS & DISTRIBUTION OF BARBARIANS |
| 43 ROMAN LITERATURE |
| 44 ROMAN ROADS |
| 45 PROVINCES |
| 46 HOUSES CUSTOMS INSTITUTIONS ETC |
| 47 PUBLIC BUILDINGS SQUARES ETC |
| 48 COLONIES CALENDAR RELIGION |
| 49 ROMAN ARMY IN CAESAR'S TIME |
| 50 LEGENDARY ROME |
| 51 CHRONOLOGY |
| 52 SPECIMEN EXAMINATION PAPERS. |
|
|
16  1891 Public Lands & Agrarian Laws of Roman Republic
by Andrew Stephenson
35603W 143 2:23
1
| 1 LANDED PROPERTY |
| 2 QUIRITARIAN OWNERSHIP |
| 3 AGER PUBLICUS |
| 4 ROMAN COLONIES |
|
2
1 LEX CASSIA |
2 486 & 367 BC AGRARIAN MOVEMENTS BETWEEN
| 1 367 BC Extension of Territory by conquest up to year |
| 2 454 - 367 Colonies Founded between |
|
3 LEX LICINIA |
4 367 - 133 AGRARIAN MOVEMENTS
| 1 367 - 133 Extension of Territory by conquest between |
| 2 367 - 133 Colonies Founded between |
|
5 LATIFUNDIA |
6 INFLUENCE OF SLAVERY |
7 LEX SEMPRONIA TIBERIANA |
8 LEX SEMPRONIA GAIANA |
|
3
1 LEX THORIA |
2 AGRARIAN MOVEMENTS BETWEEN 111 & 86 |
3 EFFECT OF SULLAN REVOLUTION |
4 86 - 59 AGRARIAN MOVEMENTS |
5 LEX JULIA AGRARIA |
6 DISTRIBUTION OF L & AFTER CIVIL WAR BETWEEN CÆSAR & POMPEY |
7 DISTRIBUTIONS FROM DEATH OF CÆSAR TO TIME OF AUGUSTUS
| 1 Lex Agraria of Lucius Antonius |
| 2 Lex de Colonis in Agros Deducendis |
| 32 nd Triumvirate. |
|
|
|
|
17  1907 Religion of Ancient Rome
by Bailey Cyril
26801W 107 1:47
| 1 Introduction Sources & Scope |
| 2 'Antecedents' of Roman Religion |
| 3 Main Features of Religion of Numa |
| 4 Early History of Rome Agricultural Community |
| 5 Worship of Household |
| 6 Worship of Fields |
| 7 Worship of State |
| 8 Auguries & Auspices |
| 9 Religion & Morality. |
|
|
|
|
|
1  1776 Decline Fall of Roman Empire by Edward Gibbon 2,010,250W 8041 119:15:43
1 Antonines 297,750W 1,191 19:50:20 545M
1 Extent Of Empire In Age Of Antonines
| 2 1.1 16:14 |
| 3 1.2 23:11 |
| 4 1.3 34:24 |
|
|
2 Internal Prosperity In Age Of Antonines
| 5 2.1 12:54 |
| 6 2.2 17:37 |
| 7 2.3 15:42 |
| 8 2.4 17:23 |
|
|
| 3 Constitution In Age Of Antonines
|
|
4 Cruelty, Follies, & Murder Of Commodus
| 11 4.1 20:58 |
| 12 4.2 24:13 |
| 1 Election Of Pertinax |
| 2 Attempts To Reform State |
| 3 Assassination By Prætorian Guards |
|
|
5 Sale Of Empire To Didius Julianus
| 13 5.1 25:47 |
| 14 5.2 29:36 |
Death Of Severus, Tyranny Of Caracalla, Usurpation Of Marcinus
| 1 Follies Of Elagabalus |
| 2 Virtues Of Alexander Severus |
| 3 Licentiousness Of Army |
| 4 General State Of Roman Finances. |
|
|
|
6 Death Of Severus, Tyranny Of Caracalla, Usurpation Of Marcinus
| 15 6.1 17:11 |
| 16 6.2 22:43 |
| 17 6.3 21:03 |
| 18 6.4 23:32 |
| 1 Follies Of Elagabalus |
| 2 Virtues Of Alexander Severus |
| 3 Licentiousness Of Army |
| 4 General State Of Roman Finances. |
|
|
7 Tyranny Of Maximin, Rebellion, Civil Wars, Death Of Maximin
| 19 7.1 33:45 |
| 20 7.2 28:31 |
| 21 7.3 5:07 |
| 1 Civil Wars & Seditions |
| 2 Violent Deaths Of Maximin & His Son, Of Maximus & Balbinus, & Of 3 Gordians |
| 3 Usurpation & Secular Games Of Philip |
|
|
8 State Of Persion & Restoration Of Monarchy
| 22 8.1 10:54 |
| 23 8.2 28:15 |
|
|
9 State Of Germany Until Barbarians
| 24 9.1-2 28:12 |
| 25 9.3 25:19 |
|
|
10 Emperors Decius, Gallus, Æmilianus, Valerian & Gallienus
| 26 10.1 16:57 |
| 27 10.2 22:52 |
| 28 10.3 31:44 |
| 29 10.4 35:47 |
| 1 General Irruption Of Barbari Ans |
2 30 Tyrants
|
|
|
11 Reign Of Claudius, Defeat Of Goths
| 30 11.1 26:35 |
| 31 11.2 20:41 |
| 32 11.3 27:25 |
| 1 Victories, Triumph, & Death Of Aurelian |
|
|
12 Reigns Of Tacitus, Probus, Carus & His Sons
| 33 12.1 32:47 |
| 34 12.2 37:31 |
| 35 12.3 25:15 |
| 1 Conduct Of Army & Senate After Death Of Aurelian |
|
|
13 Reign Of Diocletian & His Three Associates
| 36 13.1 25:02 |
| 37 13.2 28:12 |
| 38 13.3 20:11 |
| 39 13.4 33:12 |
| 1 General Reestablishment Of Order & Tranquillity |
| 2 Persian War, Victory, & Triumph |
| 3 New Form Of Administration |
| 4 Abdication & Retirement Of Diocletian & Maximian |
|
|
14 Emperors At Same Time, Reunion Of Empire
| 40 14.1 24:48 |
| 41 14.2 26:07 |
| 42 14.3 32:16 |
| 43 14.4 23:07 |
| 1 Troubles After Abdication Of Diocletian |
| 2 Death Of Constantius |
| 3 Elevation Of Constantine & Maxen Tius |
| 4 Death Of Maximian & Galerius |
| 5 Victories Of Constantine Over Maxentius & Licinus |
| 6 Reunion Of Empire Under Authority Of Constantine. |
|
|
15 Progress Of Christian Religion
| 44 15.1 13:42 |
| 45 15.2 16:45 |
| 46 15.3 17:34 |
| 47 15.4 21:25 |
| 48 15.5 17:18 |
| 49 15.6 17:58 |
| 50 15.7 23:08 |
| 51 15.8 14:35 |
| 52 15.9 12:15 |
| 1 Sentiments, Manners, Numbers, & Condition Of Primitive Christians |
|
|
|
2 21:24:30
1 Conduct Towards Christians From Nero To Constantine
| 53 161 23:04 |
| 54 162 25:30 |
| 55 163 14:48 |
| 56 164 17:27 |
| 57 165 27:35 |
| 58 166 22:58 |
| 59 167 20:14 |
| 60 168 6:11 |
|
|
2 Foundation Of Constantinople
| 61 171 20:14 |
| 62 172 14:55 |
| 63 173 21:43 |
| 64 174 23:34 |
| 65 175 21:14 |
| 66 176 20:22 |
| 1 Political System Constantine & His Successors |
| 2 Military Discipline |
| 3 Palace |
| 4 Finances |
|
|
3 Character Of Constantine & His Sons
| 67 181 22:24 |
| 68 182 22:12 |
| 69 183 24:04 |
| 70 184 29:32 |
| 1 Gothic War |
| 2 Death Of Constantine |
| 3 Division Of Empire Among 3 Sons |
| 4 Persian War |
| 5 Tragic Deaths Of Constantine Younger & Constans |
| 6 Usurpation Of Magnentius |
| 7 Civil War |
| 8 Victory Of Constantius |
|
|
4 Constantius Sole Emperor
| 71 191 14:43 |
| 72 192 30:01 |
| 73 193 21:15 |
| 74 194 32:06 |
| 1 Elevation & Death Of Gallus |
| 2 Danger & Elevation Of Julian |
| 3 Sarmatian & Persian Wars |
| 4 Victories Of Julian In Gaul |
|
|
5 Conversion Of Constantine
| 75 201 20:48 |
| 76 202 22:27 |
| 77 203 24:25 |
| 78 204 18:38 |
1 Motives Progress & Effects Of Conversion Of Constantine
|
| 2 Legal Establishment & Constitution Of Christian Or Catholic Church |
|
|
6 Persecution Of Heresy State Of Church
| 79 211 15:14 |
| 80 212 9:48 |
| 81 213 22:15 |
| 82 214 21:12 |
| 83 215 21:41 |
| 84 216 21:31 |
| 85 217 20:25 |
| 1 Schism Of Donatists |
| 2 Arian Controversy |
| 3 Athanasius |
| 4 Distracted State Of Church & Empire Under Constantine & His Sons |
| 5 Toleration Of Paganism |
|
|
7 Julian Is Declared Emperor By Legions Of Gaul
| 86 221 21:00 |
| 87 222 21:14 |
| 88 223 15:02 |
| 89 224 12:01 |
| 1 His March & Success |
| 2 Death Of Constantius |
| 3 Civil Administration Of Julian |
|
11 Progress of Huns
| 107 261 33:21 |
| 108 262 30:17 |
| 109 263 36:49 |
| 110 264 27:43 |
| 111 265 38:10 |
| 1 Manners Of Pastoral Nations |
| 2 Progress Of Huns From China To Europe |
| 3 Flight Of Goths |
| 4 They Pass Danube |
| 5 Gothic War |
| 6 Defeat & Death Of Valens |
| 7 Gratian Invests Theodosius With Eastern Empire |
| 8 His Character & Success |
| 9 Peace & Settlement Of Goths |
|
|
8 Reign Of Julian
| 90 231 23:48 |
| 91 232 22:04 |
| 92 233 11:03 |
| 93 234 16:56 |
| 94 235 17:24 |
| 1 Religion Of Julian |
| 2 Universal Toleration |
| 3 He Attempts To Restore & Reform Pagan Worship |
| 4 Rebuild Temple Of Jerusalem |
| 5 His Artful Persecution Of Christians |
| 6 Mutual Zeal & Injustice |
|
|
9 Retreat & Death Of Julian
| 95 241 17:24 |
| 96 242 19:01 |
| 97 243 25:34 |
| 98 244 23:16 |
| 99 245 21:42 |
| 1 Residence Of Julian At Antioch |
| 2 His Successful Expedition Against Persians |
| 3 Passage Of Tigris |
| 4 Retreat & Death Of Julian |
| 5 Election Of Jovian |
| 6 He Saves Roman Army By A Disgraceful Treaty |
|
|
10 Reigns Of Jovian & Valentinian Division Of Empire
| 100 251 21:06 |
| 101 252 24:13 |
| 102 253 24:26 |
| 103 254 26:42 |
| 104 255 23:06 |
| 105 256 29:36 |
| 106 257 9:06 |
| 1 Government & Death Of Jovian |
| 2 Election Of Valentinian Who Associates His Brother Valens & Makes Final Division Of Eastern & Western Empires |
| 3 Revolt Of Procopius |
| 4 Civil & Ecclesiastical Administration |
| 5 Germany |
| 6 Britain |
| 7 Africa |
| 8 East |
| 9 Danube |
| 10 Death Of Valentinian |
| 11 His 2 Sons Gratian & Valentinian 2 Succeed To Western Empire. |
|
|
|
3 8:07:48
1 Civil Wars, Reign Of Theodosius
| 112 27.1 20:02 |
| 113 27.2 26:22 |
| 114 27.3 20:44 |
| 115 27.4 26:06 |
| 116 27.5 26:40 |
| 1 Death Of Gratian |
| 2 Ruin Of Arianism |
| 3 St. Ambrose |
| 4 1st Civil War, Against Maximus |
| 5 Character, Administration, & Penance Of Theodosius |
| 6 Death Of Valentinian 2 |
| 7 2nd Civil War, Against Eugenius |
| 8 Death Of Theodosius. |
|
|
2 Destruction Of Paganism
| 117 28.1 14:00 |
| 118 28.2 18:12 |
| 119 28.3 21:58 |
| 1 Introduction Of Worship Of Saints, & Relics, Among Christians |
|
|
3 Division Of Roman Empire Between Sons Of Theodosius
| 120 29.1 28:25 |
| 121 29.2 24:20 |
| 1 Reign Of Arcadius & Honorius |
| 2 Administration Of Rufinus & Stilicho |
| 3 Revolt & Defeat Of Gildo In Africa |
|
|
4 Revolt Of Goths
| 122 30.1 22:32 |
| 123 30.2 3:23 |
| 124 30.3 22:42 |
| 125 30.4 24:32 |
| 126 30.5 27:57 |
| 1 They Plunder Greece |
| 22 Great Invasions Of Italy By Alaric & Radagaisus |
| 3 They Are Repulsed By Stilicho |
| 4 Germans Overrun Gaul |
| 5 Usurpation Of Constantine In West |
| 6 Disgrace & Death Of Stilicho |
|
|
5 Invasion Of Italy by Alaric, Occupation Of Territories By Barbarians
| 127 31.1 17:03 |
| 128 31.2 22:06 |
| 129 31.3 26:07 |
| 130 31.4 32:05 |
| 131 31.5 15:07 |
| 132 31.6 29:21 |
| 133 31.7 29:03 |
| 1 Manners Of Roman Senate & People |
| 2 Rome Is Thrice Besieged, & At Length Pillaged, By Goths |
| 3 Death Of Alaric |
| 4 Goths Evacuate Italy |
| 5 Fall Of Constantine |
| 6 Gaul & Spain Are Occupied By Barbarians |
| 7 Independence Of Britain. |
|
|
6 Emperors Arcadius, Eutropius, Theodosius
| 134 32.1 24:00 |
| 135 32.2 27:21 |
| 136 32.3 26:51 |
| 1 Arcadius Emperor Of East |
| 2 Administration & Disgrace Of Eutropius |
| 3 Revolt Of Gainas |
| 4 Persecution Of St. John Chrysostom |
| 5 Theodosius 2 Emperor Of East |
| 6 His Sister Pulcheria |
| 7 His Wife Eudocia |
| 8 Persian War, & Division Of Armenia. |
|
|
7 Conquest Of Africa By Vandals
| 137 33.1 30:01 |
| 138 33.2 16:42 |
| 1 Death Of Honorius |
| 2 Valentinian 3 |
| 3 Emperor Of East |
| 4 Administration Of His Mother Placidia |
| 5 Ætius & Boniface |
|
|
8 Atilla
| 139 34.1 24:53 |
| 140 34.2 31:29 |
| 141 34.3 8:20 |
| 1 Character, Conquests, & Court Of Attila, King Of Huns |
| 2 Death Of Theodosius Younger |
| 3 Elevation Of Marcian To Empire Of East. |
|
|
9 Invasion of Gaul by
Attila
| 142 35.1 17:56 |
| 143 35.2 24:17 |
| 144 35.3 26:47 |
| 1 He Is Repulsed By Ætius & Visigoths |
| 2 Attila Invades & Evacuates Italy |
| 3 Deaths Of Attila, Ætius, & Valentinian 3 |
|
|
10 Total Extinction Of Western Empire
| 145 36.1 25:14 |
| 146 36.2 20:45 |
| 147 36.3 22:01 |
| 148 36.4 25:22 |
| 149 36.5 22:36 |
| 1 Sack Of Rome By Genseric, King Of Vandals |
| 2 His Naval Depredations |
| 3 Succession Of Last Emperors Of West, Maximus, Avitus, Majorian, Severus, Anthemius, Olybrius, Glycerius, Nepos, Augustulus |
| 4 Total Extinction Of Western Empire |
| 5 Reign Of Odoacer, 1st Barbarian King Of Italy |
|
|
11 Conversion Of Barbarians To Christianity
| 150 37.1 16:48 |
| 151 37.2 19:16 |
| 152 37.3 20:36 |
| 153 37.4 19:32 |
| 1 Origin Progress, & Effects Of Monastic Life |
| 2 Conversion Of Barbarians To Christianity & Arianism |
| 3 Persecution Of Vandals In Africa |
| 4 Extinction Of Arianism Among Barbarians |
|
|
12 Reign & conversion Of Clovis
| 154 38.1 24:22 |
| 155 38.2 23:08 |
| 156 38.3 22:07 |
| 157 38.4 29:32 |
| 158 38.5 18:05 |
| 159 38.6 21:02 |
| 1 Victories Over Alemanni, Burgundians, & Visigoths |
| 2 Establishment Of French Monarchy In Gaul |
| 3 Laws Of Barbarians |
| 4 State Of Romans |
| 5 Visigoths Of Spain |
| 6 Conquest Of Britain By Saxons |
|
|
|
|
|
|
4 21:22:51
1 Gothic Kingdom Of Italy
| 160 39.1 31:15 |
| 161 39.2 14:57 |
| 162 39.3 27:50 |
| 1 Zeno & Anastasius, Emperors Of East |
| 2 Birth, Education, & 1st Exploits Of Theodoric Ostrogoth |
| 3 His Invasion & Conquest Of Italy |
| 4 Gothic Kingdom Of Italy |
| 5 State Of West |
| 6 Military & Civil Government |
| 7 Senator Boethius |
| 8 Last Acts & Death Of Theodoric |
|
|
2 Reign Of Justinian
| 163 40.1 22:21 |
| 164 40.2 27:35 |
| 165 40.3 27:39 |
| 166 40.4 35:45 |
| 167 40.5 33:46 |
| 1 Elevation Of Justin Elder |
| 2 Reign Of Justinian |
| 3 Empress Theodora |
| 4 Factions Of Circus, & Sedition Of Constantinople |
| 5 Trade & Manufacture Of Silk |
| 6 Finances & Taxes |
| 7 Edifices Of Justinian |
| 8 Church Of St. Sophia |
| 9 Fortifications & Frontiers Of Eastern Empire |
| 10 Abolition Of Schools Of Athens, & Consulship Of Rome. |
|
|
3 Conquests Of Justinian is west, Character & Campaigns Of Balisarius
| 168 41.1 32:07 |
| 169 41.2 27:17 |
| 170 41.3 54:53 |
| 171 41.4 25:09 |
| 172 41.5 24:47 |
| 1 Invades & Subdues Vandal Kingdom Of Africa |
| 2 Triumph |
| 3 Gothic War |
| 4 Recovers Sicily, Naples, & Rome |
| 5 Siege Of Rome By Goths |
| 6 Their Retreat & Losses |
| 7 Surrender Of Ravenna |
| 8 Glory Of Belisarius |
| 9 His Domestic Shame & Misfortunes |
|
|
4 State Of Barbaric World
| 173 42.1 26:07 |
| 174 42.2 22:57 |
| 175 42.3 25:53 |
| 176 42.4 6:38 |
| 1 Establishment Of Lombards On Danube |
| 2 Tribes & Inroads Of Sclavonians |
| 3 Origin, Empire, & Embassies Of Turks |
| 4 Flight Of Avars |
| 5 Chosroes 1, Or Nushirvan, King Of Persia |
| 6 His Prosperous Reign & Wars With Romans |
| 7 Colchian Or Lazic War |
| 8 Æthiopians |
|
|
5 Last Victory & Death Of Belisarius, Death Of Justinian
| 177 43.1 28:56 |
| 178 43.2 27:59 |
| 179 43.3 30:11 |
| 180 43.4 21:56 |
| 1 Rebellions Of Africa |
| 2 Restoration Of Gothic Kingdom By Totila |
| 3 Loss & Recovery Of Rome |
| 4 Final Conquest Of Italy By Narses |
| 5 Extinction Of Ostrogoths. |
| 6 Defeat Of Franks & Alemanni |
| 7 Last Victory, Disgrace, & Death Of Belisarius |
| 8 Death & Character Of Justinian |
| 9 Comet, Earthquakes, & Plague |
|
|
6 Idea Of Roman Jurisprudence
| 181 44.1 8:19 |
| 182 44.2 15:55 |
| 183 44.3 17:33 |
| 184 44.4 19:00 |
| 185 44.5 27:17 |
| 186 44.6 21:36 |
| 187 44.7 25:07 |
| 188 44.8 14:40 |
| 1 Idea Of Roman Jurisprudence |
| 2 Laws Of Kings |
| 31 2 Of Decemvirs |
| 4 Laws Of People |
| 5 Decrees Of Senate |
| 6 Edicts Of Magistrates & Emperors |
| 7 Authority Of Civilians |
8 Code, Pandects, Novels, & Institutes Of Justinian
| 1 Rights Of Persons |
| 2 Rights Of Things |
| 3 Private Injuries & Actions |
| 4 Crimes & Punishments. |
|
|
|
7 State Of Italy Under Lombards
| 189 45.1 29:43 |
| 190 45.2 33:06 |
| 191 45.3 24:22 |
| 1 Reign Of Younger Justin |
| 2 Embassy Of Avars |
| 3 Their Settlement On Danube |
| 4 Conquest Of Italy By Lombards |
| 5 Adoption & Reign Of Tiberius |
| 6 Maurice |
| 7 State Of Italy Under Lombards & Exarchs |
| 8 Ravenna |
| 9 Distress Of Rome |
| 10 Character & Pontificate Of Gregory 1 |
|
|
8 Troubles In Persia
| 192 46.1 30:14 |
| 193 46.2 27:48 |
| 194 46.3 33:24 |
| 195 46.4 25:30 |
| 1 Revolutions On Persia After Death Of Chosroes On Nushirvan |
| 2 His Son Hormouz, A Tyrant, Is Deposed |
| 3 Usurpation Of Baharam |
| 4 Flight & Restoration Of Chosroes 2 |
| 5 His Gratitude To Romans |
| 6 Chagan Of Avars. |
| 7 Revolt Of Army Against Maurice |
| 8 His Death |
| 9 Tyranny Of Phocas |
| 10 Elevation Of Heraclius |
| 11 Persian War |
| 12 Chosroes Subdues Syria, Egypt, & Asia Minor |
| 13 Siege Of Constantinople By Persians & Avars. |
| 14 Persian Expeditions |
| 15 Victories & Triumph Of Heraclius |
|
|
9 Ecclesiastical Discord
| 196 47.1 22:19 |
| 197 47.2 24:08 |
| 198 47.3 24:57 |
| 199 47.4 27:41 |
| 200 47.5 34:09 |
| 201 47.6 15:48 |
| 1 Theological History Of Doctrine Of Incarnation |
| 2 Human & Divine Nature Of Christ |
| 3 Enmity Of Patriarchs Of Alexandria & Constantinople |
| 4 St. Cyril & Nestorius |
| 5 3rd General Council Of Ephesus |
| 6 Heresy Of Eutyches |
| 7 4th General Council Of Chalcedon |
| 8 Civil & Ecclesiastical Discord |
| 9 Intolerance Of Justinian |
| 11 3 Chapters |
| 12 Monothelite Controversy |
13 State Of Oriental Sects
| 1 Nestorians |
| 2 Jacobites |
| 3 Maronites |
| 4 Armenians |
| 5 Copts & Abyssinians |
|
|
|
10 Succession & Characters Of Greek Emperors
| 202 48.1 36:17 |
| 203 48.2 43:30 |
| 204 48.3 39:40 |
| 205 48.4 47:31 |
| 206 48.5 45:20 |
| 1 Plan Of 2 Last Volumes |
| 2 Succession & Characters Of Greek Emperors Of Constantinople, From Time Of Heraclius To Latin Conquest |
|
|
|
5 20:35:34
1 Conquest Of Italy By Franks
| 207 49.1 24:45 |
| 208 49.2 31:41 |
| 209 49.3 31:00 |
| 210 49.4 28:24 |
| 211 49.5 34:04 |
| 212 49.6 26:27 |
| 1 Worship, & Persecution Of Images |
| 2 Revolt Of Italy & Rome |
| 3 Temporal Dominion Of Popes |
| 4 Conquest Of Italy By Franks |
| 5 Establishment Of Images |
| 6 Character & Coronation Of Charlemagne. |
| 7 Restoration & Decay Of Roman Empire In West |
| 8 Independence Of Italy |
| 9 Constitution Of Germanic Body |
|
|
2 Description Of Arabia & Its Inhabitants
| 213 50.1 18:45 |
| 214 50.2 20:05 |
| 215 50.3 21:02 |
| 216 50.4 24:23 |
| 217 50.5 22:07 |
| 218 50.6 26:25 |
| 219 50.7 18:54 |
| 220 50.8 24:29 |
| 1 Description Of Arabia & Its Inhabitants |
| 2 Birth,
Character, & Doctrine Of Mahomet |
| 3 He Preaches At Mecca |
| 4 Flies To Medina |
| 5 Propagates His Religion By Sword |
| 6 Voluntary Or Reluctant Submission Of Arabs |
| 7 His Death
& Successors |
| 8 Claims & Fortunes Of All & His
Descendants |
|
|
3 Conquests By Arabs
| 221 51.1 19:01 |
| 222 51.2 25:10 |
| 223 51.3 32:02 |
| 224 51.4 3:08 |
| 225 51.5 22:41 |
| 226 51.6 26:16 |
| 227 51.7 17:48 |
| 228 51.8 33:05 |
| 229 51.9 26:45 |
| 12 Sieges Of Constantinople By Arabs |
| 2 Their Invasion Of France, & Defeat By Charles Martel |
| 3 Civil War Of Ommiades & Abbassides |
| 4 Learning Of Arabs |
| 5 Luxury Of Caliphs |
| 6 Naval Enterprises On Crete, Sicily, & Rome |
| 7 Decay & Division Of Empire Of Caliphs |
| 8 Defeats & Victories Of Greek Emperors |
|
|
4 Of Eastern Empire
| 230 52.1 24:07 |
| 231 52.2 29:34 |
| 232 52.3 24:45 |
| 233 52.4 33:39 |
| 234 52.5 22:45 |
| 1 900s Fate Of Eastern Empire |
| 2 Extent &
Division |
| 3 Wealth & Revenue |
| 4 Palace Of Constantinople |
| 5 Titles & Offices |
| 6 Pride & Power Of Emperors |
| 7 Tactics Of Greeks, Arabs, & Franks |
| 8 Loss Of Latin
Tongue |
| 9 Studies & Solitude Of Greeks. |
|
|
5 Origin & Doctrine Of Paulicians
| 235 53.1 26:35 |
| 236 53.2 19:10 |
| 237 53.3 34:25 |
| 238 53.4 25:15 |
| 1 Their Persecution By Greek Emperors |
| 2 Revolt In Armenia |
| 3 Transplantation Into Thrace |
| 4 Propagation In West |
| 5 Seeds, Character, & Consequences Of Reformation |
|
|
6 Bulgarians, Hungarians & Russians
| 239 54.1 23:44 |
| 240 54.2 17:45 |
| 1 Bulgarians |
| 2 Origin, Migrations, & Settlement Of Hungarians |
| 3 Their Inroads In East & West |
| 4 Monarchy Of Russia |
| 5 Geography & Trade |
| 6 Wars Of Russians Against Greek Empire |
| 7 Conversion Of Barbarians |
|
|
7 Saracens, Franks & Normans
| 241 55.1 17:50 |
| 242 55.2 24:40 |
| 243 55.3 23:51 |
| 1 Saracens, Franks, & Greeks, In Italy |
| 21 st Adventures & Settlement Of Normans |
| 3 Character & Conquest Of Robert Guiscard, Duke Of Apulia |
| 4 Deliverance Of Sicily By His Brother Roger |
| 5 Victories Of Robert Over Emperors Of East & West |
| 6 Roger, King Of Sicily, Invades Africa & Greece |
| 7 Emperor Manuel Comnenus |
| 8 Wars Of Greeks & Normans |
| 9 Extinction Of Normans. |
|
|
8 Turks
| 244 56.1 25:04 |
| 245 56.2 21:37 |
| 246 56.3 26:31 |
| 247 56.4 25:05 |
| 248 56.5 20:00 |
| 1 Turks Of House Of Seljuk |
| 2 Their Revolt Against Mahmud Conqueror Of Hindostan |
| 3 Togrul Subdues Persia, & Protects Caliphs |
| 4 Defeat & Captivity Of Emperor Romanus Diogenes By Alp Arslan |
| 5 Power & Magnificence Of Malek Shah |
| 6 Conquest Of Asia Minor & Syria |
| 7 State & Oppression Of Jerusalem |
| 8 Pilgrimages To Holy Sepulchre |
|
|
9 1st Crusade
| 249 57.1 23:19 |
| 250 57.2 23:39 |
| 251 57.3 22:08 |
| 1 Origin & Numbers Of 1st Crusade |
| 2 Characters Of
Latin Princes |
| 3 Their March To Constantinople |
| 4 Policy Of
Greek Emperor Alexius |
| 5 Conquest Of Nice, Antioch, & Jerusalem, By Franks |
| 6 Deliverance Of Holy
Sepulchre |
| 7 Godfrey Of Bouillon, 1st King Of Jerusalem |
| 8 Institutions Of French Or Latin Kingdom. |
|
|
|
|
6 17:54:45
1 Crusades
| 252 58.1 25:29 |
| 253 58.2 24:05 |
| 254 58.3 31:00 |
| 255 58.4 35:54 |
| 256 58.5 25:40 |
| 1 Preservation Of Greek Empire |
| 2 Numbers, Passage, & Event, Of 2nd & 3rd Crusades |
| 3 St. Bernard |
| 4 Reign Of Saladin In Egypt & Syria |
| 5 His Conquest Of Jerusalem |
| 6 Naval Crusades |
| 7 Richard 1st Of England |
| 8 Pope Innocent 3rd: & 4th & 5th Crusades |
| 9 Emperor Frederic 2 |
| 10 Louis 9 Of France: & 2 Last Crusades |
| 11 Expulsion Of Latins Or Franks By Mamelukes |
|
|
2 4th Crusade
| 257 59.1 6:30 |
| 258 59.2 31:13 |
| 259 59.3 13:43 |
| 1 Schism Of Greeks & Latins |
| 2 State Of Constantinople |
| 3 Revolt Of Bulgarians |
| 4 Isaac Angelus Dethroned By His Brother Alexius |
| 5 Origin Of 4th Crusade |
| 6 Alliance Of French & Venetians With Son Of Isaac |
| 7 Their Naval Expedition To Constantinople |
| 8 2 Sieges & Final Conquest Of City By Latins |
|
|
3 Partition Of Empire By French & Venetians
| 260 60.1 44:03 |
| 261 60.2 35:40 |
| 262 60.3 40:38 |
| 15 Latin Emperors Of Houses Of Flanders & Courtenay |
| 2 Their Wars Against Bulgarians & Greeks |
| 3 Weakness & Poverty Of Latin Empire |
| 4 Recovery Of Constantinople By Greeks |
| 5 General Consequences Of Crusades |
|
|
4 Greek Emperors Of Nice & Constantinople
| 263 61.1 34:01 |
| 264 61.2 30:38 |
| 265 61.3 20:52 |
| 266 61.4 25:26 |
| 1 Greek Emperors Of Nice & Constantinople |
| 2 Elevation & Reign Of Michael Palæologus |
| 3 His False Union With Pope & Latin Church |
| 4 Hostile Designs Of Charles Of Anjou |
| 5 Revolt Of Sicily |
| 6 War Of Catalans In Asia & Greece |
| 7 Revolutions & Present State Of Athens |
|
|
5 Civil Wars & Ruin Of Greek Empire
| 267 62.1 26:47 |
| 268 62.2 23:25 |
| 269 62.3 13:56 |
| 1 Reigns Of Andronicus, Elder & Younger, & John Palæologus |
| 2 Regency, Revolt, Reign, & Abdication Of John Cantacuzene |
| 3 Establishment Of A Genoese Colony At Pera Or Galata |
| 4 Their Wars With Empire & City Of Constantinople |
|
|
6 Moguls, Ottoman Turks
| 270 63.1 28:21 |
| 271 63.2 37:22 |
| 1 Conquests Of Zingis Khan & Moguls From China To Poland |
| 2 Escape Of Constantinople & Greeks |
| 3 Origin Of Ottoman Turks In Bithynia |
| 4 Reigns & Victories Of Othman, Orchan, Amurath 1, & Bajazet 1 |
| 5 Foundation & Progress Of Turkish Monarchy In Asia & Europe |
| 6 Danger Of Constantinople & Greek Empire |
|
|
7 Elevation Of Timour Or Tamerlane, & His Death
| 272 64.1 9:01 |
| 273 64.2 22:25 |
| 274 64.3 34:15 |
| 275 64.4 23:30 |
| 1 Elevation Of Timour Or Tamerlane To Throne Of Samarcand |
| 2 His Conquests In Persia, Georgia, Tartary Russia, India, Syria, & Anatolia |
| 3 His Turkish War |
| 4 Defeat & Captivity Of Bajazet |
| 5 Death Of Timour |
| 6 Civil War Of Sons Of Bajazet |
| 7 Restoration Of Turkish Monarchy By Mahomet First |
| 8 Siege Of Constantinople By Amurath 2 |
|
|
8 Union Of Greek & Latin Churches
| 276 65.1 26:00 |
| 277 65.2 26:38 |
| 278 65.3 35:45 |
| 1 Applications Of Eastern Emperors To Popes |
| 2 Visits To West, Of John 1, Manuel, & John 2, Palæologus |
| 3 Union Of Greek & Latin Churches, Promoted By Council Of Basil, & Concluded At Ferrara & Florence |
| 4 State Of Literature At Constantinople |
| 5 Its Revival In Italy By Greek Fugitives |
| 6 Curiosity & Emulation Of Latins |
|
|
9 Schism Of Greeks & Latins
| 279 66.1 21:45 |
| 280 66.2 22:28 |
| 281 66.3 21:58 |
| 282 66.4 25:53 |
| 1 Reign & Character Of Amurath 2 |
| 2 Crusade Of Ladislaus, King Of Hungary |
| 3 His Defeat & Death |
| 4 John Huniades |
| 5 Scanderbeg |
| 6 Constantine Palæologus, Last Emperor Of East |
|
|
10 Reign & Character Of Mahomet 2, Extinction Of Eastern Empire
| 283 67.1 27:34 |
| 284 67.2 26:05 |
| 1 Siege, Assault, & Final Conquest, Of Constantinople By Turks |
| 2 Death Of Constantine Palæologus |
| 3 Servitude Of Greeks |
| 4 Extinction Of Roman Empire In East |
| 5 Consternation Of Europe |
| 6 Conquests & Death Of Mahomet 2 |
|
|
11 State Of Rome From 1100s
| 285 68.1 20:40 |
| 286 68.2 24:12 |
| 287 68.3 24:49 |
| 288 68.4 31:08 |
| 1 Temporal Dominion Of Popes |
| 2 Seditions Of City |
| 3 Political Heresy Of Arnold Of Brescia |
| 4 Restoration Of Republic |
| 5 Senators |
| 6 Pride Of Romans |
| 7 Their Wars |
| 8 They Are Deprived Of Election & Presence Of Popes, Who Retire To Avignon |
| 9 Jubilee |
| 10 Noble Families Of Rome |
| 11 Feud Of Colonna & Ursini |
|
|
12 Final Settlement Of Ecclesiastical State
| 289 69.1 27:04 |
| 290 69.2 17:07 |
| 291 69.3 29:38 |
| 292 69.4 20:06 |
| 1 Character & Coronation Of Petrarch |
| 2 Restoration Of Freedom & Government Of Rome By Tribune Rienzi |
| 3 His Virtues & Vices, His Expulsion & Death |
| 4 Return Of Popes From Avignon |
| 5 Great Schism Of West |
| 6 Reunion Of Latin Church |
| 7 Last Struggles Of Roman Liberty |
| 8 Statutes Of Rome |
| 9 Final Settlement Of Ecclesiastical State |
|
|
13 1400s Prospect Of Ruins Of Rome
14 Causes Of Decay & Destruction
| 293 70.1 21:32 |
| 294 70.2 23:21 |
| 295 70.3 30:43 |
| 296 70.4 22:02 |
| 297 71.1 23:25 |
| 298 71.2 23:06 |
|
| 2 Example Of Coliseum |
| 3 Renovation Of City |
| 4 Conclusion Of Whole Work. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
4 19 History of Rome, Books 1 - 36 (1-8 here) by Livy 59 BC - 19 AD 237,065W 949 15:49
1
| 1 coming of Æneas into Italy & his achievements there: |
| 2 reign of Ascanius in Alba & other Sylvian kings |
| 3 Romulus & Remus born |
| 4 Amulius killed |
| 5 Romulus builds Rome: forms a senate: makes war upon Sabines: presents opima spolia to Jupiter Feretrius: divides people into curiæ: his victories: is deified |
| 6 Numa institutes rites of religious worship: builds temple to Janus: & having made peace with all his neighbours closes it for 1st time: enjoys peaceful reign & succeeded by Tullus Hostilius |
| 7 War with Albans: combat of Horatii & Curiatii |
| 8 Alba demolished & Albans made citizens of Rome |
| 9 War declared against Sabines: Tullus killed by lightning |
| 10 Ancus Marcius renews religious institutions of Numa: conquers Latins confers on them right of citizenship & assigns them Aventine hill to dwell on: adds hill Janiculum to city: enlarges bounds of empire |
| 11 In his reign Lucumo comes to Rome: assumes name of Tarquinius: & after death of Ancus is raised to throne |
| 12 He increases senate by adding to it a hundred new senators: |
| 13 defeats Latins & Sabines |
| 14 augments centuries of knights |
| 15 builds wall round city |
| 16 makes common sewers |
| 17 slain by sons of Ancus after reign of 38 years: succeeded by Servius Tullius institutes census: closes lustrum in which 80000 citizens were enrolled: divides people into classes & centuries: enlarges Pomœrium & adds Quirinal Viminal & Esquiline hills to city: after reign of 40 years murdered by L Tarquin afterwards surnamed Superbus usurps crown Tarquin makes war on Volsci & with plunder taken from them builds temple to Jupiter Capitolinus By stratagem of his son Sextus Tarquin reduces city of Gabii: after reign of 25 years dethroned & banished in consequence of forcible violation of person of Lucretia by son Sextus L Junius Brutus & L Tarquinius Collatinus 1st created consuls |
|
|
2
1 Brutus binds people by oath never to suffer any king to reign at Rome
|
| 2 obliges Tarquinius Collatinus his colleague to resign consulship & leave state: |
| 3 beheads some young noblemen & among rest his own & his sister's sons for a conspiracy to receive kings into city |
| 4 In a war against Veientians & Tarquiniensians he engages in single combat with Aruns son of Tarquin Proud & expires at same time with his adversary |
| 5 ladies mourn for him a whole year |
| 6 Capitol dedicated |
| 7 Porsena king of Clusium undertakes a war in favour of Tarquins |
| 8 Bravery of Horatius Cocles & of Mucius |
| 9 Porsena concludes a peace on receipt of hostages |
| 10 Conduct of Clœlia |
| 11 Ap Claudius removes from country of Sabines to Rome: for this reason Claudian tribe is added to former number which by this means increased to 21 |
| 12 A
Posthumius dictator defeats at lake Regillus Tarquin Proud making war upon Romans with an army of Latins |
| 13 Secession of commons to Sacred Mount: brought back by Menenius Agrippa |
| 14 5 tribunes of people created |
| 15 Corioli taken by C Martius: from that he is surnamed Coriolanus |
| 16 Banishment & subsequent conduct of C M Coriolanus |
| 17 Agrarian law first made |
| 18 Sp Cassius condemned & put to death |
| 19 Oppia a vestal virgin buried alive for incontinence |
| 20 Fabian family undertake to carry on that war at their own cost & hazard against Veientians & for that purpose send out 306 men in arms who were all cut off |
| 21 Ap Claudius consul decimates his army because he had been unsuccessful in war with Veientians by their refusing to obey orders |
| 22 account of wars with Volscians Æquians & Veientians & contests of fathers with commons |
|
|
3
1 Disturbances about agrarian laws
|
| 2 Capitol surprised by exiles & slaves |
| 3 Quintius Cincinnatus called from cultivation of his farm in country made dictator & appointed to conduct war against Æquans |
| 4 He conquers enemy & makes them pass under yoke |
| 5 number of tribunes increased to 10 |
| 6 Decemvirs appointed for purpose of digesting & publishing a body of laws |
| 7 These having promulgated code of laws contained in 10 tables obtain continuation of their authority for another year & add 2 more to former 10 tables |
| 8 Refusing to resign their office they retain it 4 months |
| 9 Their conduct at 1st equitable & just: afterwards arbitrary & tyrannical |
| 10 commons in consequence of base attempt of Appius Claudius one of them to debauch daughter of Virginius seize on Aventine mount & oblige them to resign |
| 11 Appius & Oppius 2 of most obnoxious thrown into prison where they put end to their own lives: rest driven into exile |
| 12 War with Sabines Volscians & Æquans |
| 13 Unfair decision of Roman people who being chosen arbitrators between people of Ardea & Aricia concerning some disputed lands adjudge them to themselves |
|
|
4
1 law was passed concerning intermarriage of patricians & plebeians after strong resistance on part of patricians
|
| 2 Military tribunes with consular power |
| 3 Censors created |
| 4 Restoration of lands unjustly taken from people of Ardea |
| 5 Spurius Melius suspected of aiming at regal power is slain by C Servilius Ahala by order of Quintius Cincinnatus dictator |
| 6 Cornelius Cossus having killed Tolumnius king of Veientes offers 2nd spolia opima |
| 7 Duration of censorship originally 5 years limited to 18 months |
| 8 Fidenæ reduced & colony settled there |
| 9 colonists destroyed by Fidenatians subsequently conquered by Mamercus Æmilius dictator |
| 10 conspiracy of slaves put down |
| 11 Postumius military tribune slain by army for cruelties |
| 12 Pay from treasury 1st given to soldiers |
| 13 Operations against Volscians Fidenatians & Faliscians |
|
|
5
| 1 During siege of Veii winter dwellings erected for soldiers |
2 This being a novelty affords tribunes of people a pretext for exciting discontent
|
| 3 cavalry for 1st time serve on horses of their own |
| 4 Furius Camillus dictator takes Veii after siege of 10 years |
| 5 character of military tribune whilst laying siege to Falisci he sends back children of enemy who were betrayed into his hands |
| 6 Furius Camillus on a day being appointed for his trial goes into exile |
| 7 Senonian Gauls lay siege to Clusium |
| 8 Roman ambassadors sent to mediate peace between Clusians & Gauls found to take part with former: in consequence of which Gauls march directly against Rome & after defeating Romans at Allia take possession of city with exception of Capitol |
| 9 They scaled Capitol by night but are discovered by cackling of geese & repulsed chiefly by exertions of Marcus Manlius |
| 10 Romans compelled by famine agree to ransom themselves |
| 11 Whilst gold is being weighed to them Camillus who had been appointed dictator arrives with an army expels Gauls & destroys their army |
| 12 He successfully opposes design of removing to Veii |
|
|
6
| 1 Successful operations against Volscians & Æquans & Prænestines |
| 2 4 tribes were added |
3 Marcus Manlius who had defended Capitol from Gauls being condemned for aspiring to regal power is thrown from Tarpeian rock: in commemoration of which circumstance a decree of senate passed that none of Manlian family should henceforward bear cognomen of Marcus
|
| 4 Caius Licinius & Lucius Sextius tribunes of people proposed a law that consuls might be chosen from among commons: & after a violent contest succeeded in passing that law notwithstanding opposition of patricians same tribunes of commons being for 5 years only magistrates in state: & Lucius Sextius 1st consul elected from commons |
|
|
7
| 12 magistrates added prætorship & curule ædileship |
| 2 pestilence rages in city which carries off celebrated Furius Camillus |
| 3 Scenic representations 1st introduced |
| 4 Curtius leaps on horseback completely armed into a gulf in forum |
| 5 Titus Manlius having slain a Gaul in single combat who challenged any of Roman soldiers takes from him a golden chain & hence gets name of Torquatus |
| 6 2 new tribes are added called Pomptine & Publilian |
| 7 Licinius Stolo condemned on law which he himself carried for possessing 500+ acres |
8 Marcus Valerius surnamed Corvinus from having with aid of crow killed Gaul who challenged him is on following year elected consul though but 23 years old
|
| 9 treaty of friendship made with Carthaginians Campanians overpowered by Samnites surrender themselves to Roman people who declare war against Samnites P Decius Mus saves Roman army when brought into very great danger by consul A Cornelius Conspiracy & revolt of Roman soldiers in garrison of Capua Brought to sense of duty & restored to their country by Marcus Valerius Corvus dictator Successful operations against Hernicians Gauls Tiburtians Privernians Tarquinians Samnites & Volscians |
|
|
8
| 1 Latins with Campanians revolt: & ambassadors having been sent to senate they propose that if they wished for peace they should elect one of consuls from among Latins |
| 2 Titus Manlius consul put son to death because he had fought though successfully against Latins contrary to orders |
| 3 Romans being hard pressed in battle Publius Decius then consul with Manlius devoted himself for army |
| 4 Latins surrender |
| 5 None of young men came out to meet Manlius on his return to city |
| 6 Minucia a vestal virgin was condemned for incest |
| 7 Several matrons convicted of poisoning |
| 8 Laws then 1st made against that crime |
9 Ausonians Privernians & Palæpolitans subdued
|
| 10 Quintus Publilius 1st instance of a person continuing in comm & after expiration of his office & triumph decreed to any person not a consul |
| 11 Law against confinement for debt |
| 12 Quintus Fabius master of horse fights Samnites with success contrary to orders of Lucius Papirius dictator & with difficulty obtains pardon through intercession of people |
| 13 Successful expedition against Samnites |
|
|
9 321 - 04
| 1 Titus Veturius & Spurius Postumius with their army surrounded by Samnites at Caudine forks: enter into treaty give 600 hostages sent under yoke |
| 2 treaty declared invalid: 2 generals & other sureties sent back to Samnites but not accepted |
| 3 Not long after Papirius Cursor obliterates this disgrace by vanquishing Samnites sending them under yoke & recovering hostages |
| 4 2 tribes added |
| 5 Appius Claudius censor constructs Claudian aqueduct & Appian road: admits sons of freedom into senate |
| 6 Successes against Apulians Etruscans Umbrians Marsians Pelignians Aequans & Samnites |
| 7 Mention made of Alexander Great who flourished at this time: a comparative estimate of his strength & Roman people tending to show that if he had carried his arms into Italy he would not have been as successful there as he had been in Eastern countries |
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10 303 - 293
| 1 Submission of Marcians accepted |
| 2 college of Augurs augmented from four to nine |
| 3 law of appeal to people carried by Valerius consul |
| 4 2 more tribes added |
| 5 War declared against Samnites |
| 6 Several successful actions |
| 7 In engagement against combined forces of Etruscans Umbrians Samnites & Gauls Publius Decius after example of his father devotes himself for army |
| 8 Dies & by his death procures victory to Romans |
| 9 Defeat of Samnites by Papirius Cursor |
| 10 census held |
| 11 lustrum closed number of citizens 262322 |
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11 292
| 1 Fabius Gurges consul having fought unsuccessful battle with Samnites senate deliberate about dismissing him from comm & of army: are prevailed upon not to inflict that disgrace upon him principally by entreaties of his father Fabius Maximus & by his promising to join army & serve in quality of lieutenant-general under his son: which promise he performs & consul aided by his counsel & co-operation obtains a victory over Samnites & triumph in consequence |
| 2 C Pontius general of Samnites led in triumph before victor's carriage & afterwards beheaded |
| 3 291 BC A plague at Rome 461 |
| 4 290 BC Ambassadors sent to Epidaurus to bring from thence to Rome statue of Aesculapius: serpent of itself goes on board their ship: supposing it to be abode of deity they bring it with them & upon its quitting their vessel & swimming to isl & in Tiber consecrate temple to Aesculapius L Postumius man of consular rank condemned for employing soldiers under his comm & in working upon his farm 462 |
| 5 289 BC Curius Dentatus consul having subdued Samnites & rebellious Sabines triumphs 2X during his year of office |
| 6 colonies of Castrum Sena & Adria established 463 |
| 7 3 judges of capital crimes now 1st appointed |
| 8 census & lustrum: number of citizens 273000 |
| 9 286 BC After long-continued sedition on account of debts commons secede to Janiculum: brought back by Hortensius dictator who dies in office Successful operations against Volsinians & Lucanians 468 284 BC against whom it was thought expedient to send succour to Thuringians466 |
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12
| 1 Senonian Gauls having slain Roman ambassadors war declared against them: they cut off L Caecilius praetor with legions under his comm & 469 |
| 2 282 BC Roman fleet plundered by Tarentines & commander slain: ambassadors sent to complain of this outrage ill-treated & sent back: whereupon war declared against them |
| 3 Samnites revolt: against whom together with Lucanians Bruttians & Etruscans several unsuccessful battles fought by different generals |
| 4 281 BC Pyrrhus king of Epirus comes into Italy to succour Tarentines Campanian legion sent under comm & of Decius Jubellius to garrison Rhegium murder inhabitants & seize city 471 |
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13 280 BC YR 472
| 1 Valerius Laevinus consul engages with Pyrrhus & is beaten his soldiers being terrified at unusual appearance of elephants |
| 2 After battle Pyrrhus viewing bodies of Romans who were slain remarks that they all of them lay with their faces turned towards their enemy |
| 3 He proceeds towards Rome ravaging country as he goes along C Fabricius sent by senate to treat for redemption of prisoners: king in vain attempts to bribe him to desert his country |
| 4 prisoners restored without ransom |
| 5 Cineas ambassador from Pyrrhus to senate demands as condition of peace that king be admitted into city of Rome: consideration of which being deferred to fuller meeting Appius Claudius who on account of a disorder in his eyes had not for long time attended in senate comes there: moves & carries his motion that dem & of king be refused |
| 6 Cneius Domitius 1st plebeian censor holds lustrum: number of citizens 278222 |
| 7 2nd but undecided battle with Pyrrhus |
| 8 279 BC treaty with Carthaginians renewed 4th time offer made to Fabricius consul by traitor to poison Pyrrhus 473 |
| 9 278 BC he sends him to king & discovers to him treasonable offer Successful operations against Etruscans Lucanians Bruttians & Samnites 474 |
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14
| 1 Pyrrhus crosses over into Sicily |
| 2 277 BC Many prodigies among which statue of Jupiter in Capitol is struck by lightning & thrown down 475 |
| 3 276 BC head of it afterwards found by priests Curius Dentatus holding a levy puts up to sale goods of a person who refuses to answer to his name when called upon 476 |
| 4 275 BC Pyrrhus after his return from Sicily is defeated & compelled to quit Italy censors hold a lustrum & find number of citizens to be 271224 477 |
| 5 273 BC treaty of alliance formed with Ptolemy king of Egypt Sextilia vestal found guilty of incest & buried alive 2 colonies sent forth to Posidonium & Cossa 479 |
| 6 272 BC Carthaginian fleet sails in aid of Tarentines by which act treaty is violated 480 |
| 7 Successful operations against Lucanians Samnites & Bruttians |
| 8 Death of king Pyrrhus |
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15
| 1 Tarentines overcome: peace & freedom granted to them |
| 2 271 BC Campanian legion which had forcibly taken possession of Rhegium besieged there: lay down their arms & are punished with death 481 |
| 3 Some young men who had ill-treated ambassadors from Apollonians to senate of Rome delivered up to them Peace granted to Picentians |
| 4 268 BC 2 colonies established: one at Ariminum in Picenum another at Beneventum in Samnium Silver coin now for 1st time used by Roman people 484 |
| 5 267 BC Umbrians & Sallentines subdued number of quaestors increased to eight |
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16
| 1 264 BC Origin & progress of Carthaginian state After much debate senate resolves to succour Mammertines against Carthaginians & against Hiero king of Syracuse Roman cavalry then for 1st time cross sea & engage successfully in battle with Hiero: who solicits & obtains peace |
| 2 263 BC lustrum: number of citizens amounts to 292224 D Junius Brutus exhibits 1st show of gladiators in honour of his deceased father |
| 3 262 BC Aesernian colony established Successful operations against Carthaginians & Vulsinians |
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17
| 1 260 BC Cneius Cornelius consul surrounded by Carthaginian fleet: & being drawn into conference by stratagem is taken |
| 2 259 BC C Duilius consul engages with & vanquishes Carthaginian fleet: 1st commander triumph decreed for naval victory: in honour of which he is allowed when returning to his habitation at night to be attended with torches & music L Cornelius consul fights & subdues Sardinians & Corsicans with Hanno Carthaginian general in isl & of Sardinia |
| 3 258 BC Atilius Calatinus consul drawn into an ambuscade by Carthaginians is rescued by skill & valour of M Calpurnius a military tribune who making a sudden attack upon enemy with only 300 men turns their whole force against himself |
| 4 257 BC Hannibal commander of Carthaginian fleet which was beaten is put to death by his soldiers |
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18
| 1 256 BC Attilius Regulus consul having overcome Carthaginians in a sea-fight passes over into Africa: kills a serpent of prodigious magnitude with great loss of his own men |
| 2 255 BC senate on account of his successful conduct of war not appointing him a successor he writes to them complaining: & among other reasons for desiring to be recalled alledges that his little farm being all his subsistence was going to ruin owing to mismanagement of hired stewards |
| 3 254 BC memorable instance of instability of fortune exhibited in person of Regulus who is overcome battle & taken prisoner by Xanthippus Lacedaemonian general |
| 4 253 BC Roman fleet shipwrecked: which disaster entirely reverses good fortune Titus Corucanius 1st high priest chosen from among commons |
| 5 252 BC P Sempronius Sophus & M Yalerius Maximus censors examine into state of senate & expel 13 500 |
| 6 251 BC They hold lustrum & find number of citizens to be 297797 |
| 7 250 BC Regulus being sent by Carthaginians to Rome to treat for peace & exchange of prisoners binds himself by oath to return if these objects be not attained: dissuades senate from agreeing to propositions: & in observance of his oath returning to Carthage is put to death by torture |
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19
| 1 250 BC C Caecilius Metellus having been successful in several engagements with Carthaginians triumphs with more splendour than had ever yet been seen: 13 generals of enemy & 120 elephants being exhibited in procession |
| 2 249 BC Claudius Pulcher consul obstinately persisting notwithstanding omens were inauspicious engages enemy's fleet & is beaten: drowns sacred chickens which would not feed: recalled by senate & ordered to nominate a dictator: he appoints Claudius Glicia one of lowest of people who notwithstanding his being ordered to abdicate office yet attends celebration of public games in his dictator's robe |
| 3 248 BC Atilius Calatinus 1st dictator who marches with army out of Italy |
| 4 exchange of prisoners with Carthaginians |
| 5 2 colonies established at Fregenae & Brundusium in Sallentine territories |
| 6 247 BC lustrum: citizens numbered amount to 251222 |
| 7 246 BC Claudia sister of Claudius who had fought unsuccessfully in contempt of auspices being pressed by crowd as she was returning from game cries out I wish my brother were alive & had again comm & of fleet: for which offence she is tried & fined |
| 8 245 BC 2 praetors now 1st created Aulus Postumius consul being priest of Mars forcibly detained in city by Caecilius Metellus high priest & not suffered to go to war being obliged by law to attend to sacred duties of his office |
| 9 244 BC After several successful engagements with Carthaginians Caius Lutatius consul puts end to war by gaining a complete victory over their fleet at isl & of Aegate |
| 10 Carthaginians sue for peace which is granted to them |
| 11 242 BC temple of Vesta being on fire high priest Caecilius Metellus saves sacred utensils from flames |
| 12 241 BC 2 new tribes added Veline & Quirine |
| 13 Falisci rebel: subdued in 6 days |
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20
| 1 colony settled at Spoletum |
| 2 240 BC army sent against Ligurians: being 1st war with that state |
| 3 Sardinians & Corsicans rebel & are subdued |
| 4 238 BC Tuccia a vestal found guilty of incest War declared against Illyrians who had slain ambassador: are subdued & brought to submission |
| 5 237 BC number of praetors increased to four |
| 6 Transalpine Gauls make an irruption into Italy: are conquered & put to sword |
| 7 236 BC Roman army in conjunction with Latins is said to have amounted to no less than 300K men |
| 8 235 BC Roman army for 1st time crosses Po: fights with & subdues Insubrian Gauls |
| 9 222 BC Claudius Marcellus consul having slain Viridomarus general of Insubrian Gauls carries off spolia opima |
| 10 221 BC Istrians subdued: also Illyrians who had rebelled |
| 11 220 BC censors hold a lustrum in which number of citizens is found to be 270213 |
| 12 sons of freed-men formed into 4 tribes: Esquiline Palatine Suburran & Colline |
| 13 219 BC Caius Flaminius censor constructs Flaminian road & builds Flaminian circus |
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21 219 - 8 BC Origin of 2nd Punic war
| 1 Hannibal's character |
| 2 In violation of a treaty he passes Iberus |
| 3 Besieges Saguntum & at length takes it |
| 4 Romans send ambassadors to Carthage: declare war |
| 5 Hannibal crosses Pyrenees: makes his way through Gaul: then crosses Alps: defeats Romans at Ticinus |
| 6 Romans again defeated at Trebia |
| 7 Cneius Cornelius Scipio defeats Carthaginians in Spain & takes Hanno their general prisoner |
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22
| 1 217-6 Hannibal after an uninterrupted march of 4 days & 3 nights arrives in Etruria through marshes in which he lost an eye |
| 2 Caius Flaminius consul an inconsiderate man having gone forth in opposition to omens dug up standards which could not otherwise be raised & been thrown from his horse immediately after he had mounted is insnared by Hannibal & cut off by his army near Thrasimene lake |
| 3 3K who had escaped are placed in chains by Hannibal in violation of pledges given |
| 4 Distress occasioned in Rome by intelligence |
| 5 Sibylline books consulted & sacred spring decreed |
| 6 Fabius Maximus sent as dictator against Hannibal whom he frustrates by caution & delay |
| 7 Marcus Minucius master of horse rash & impetuous man inveighs against caution of Fabius & obtains equality of comm & with him |
| 8 army is divided between them & Minucius engaging Hannibal in an unfavourable position is reduced to extremity of danger & is rescued by dictator & places himself under his authority |
| 9 Hannibal after ravaging Campania is shut up by Fabius in a valley near town of Casilinum but escapes by night putting to flight Romans on guard by oxen with lighted faggots attached to their horns |
| 10 Hannibal attempts to excite a suspicion of fidelity of Fabius by sparing his farm while ravaging with fire whole country around it |
| 11 Aemilius Paulus & Terentius Varro are routed at Cannae & 40K men slain among whom were Paulus consul 80 senators & 30 who had served office of consul praetor or edile |
| 12 design projected by some noble youths of quitting Italy in despair after this calamity is intrepidly quashed by Publius Cornelius Scipio a military tribune afterwards surnamed Africanus |
| 13 Successes in Spain 8K slaves enlisted by Romans they refuse to ransom captives they go out in a body to meet Varro & thank him for not having despaired of commonwealth |
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23
| 1 216 - 5 Campanians revolt to Hannibal Mago is sent to Carthage to announce victory of Cannae |
| 2 Hanno advises Carthaginian senate to make peace with Romans but is overborne by Barcine faction |
| 3 Claudius Marcellus praetor defeats Hannibal at Nola Hannibal's army is enervated in mind & body by luxurious living at Capua |
| 4 Casilinum is besieged by Carthaginians & inhabitants reduced to last extremity of famine |
| 5 197 senators elected from equestrian order |
| 6 Lucius Postumius is with his army cut off by Gauls |
| 7 Cneius & Publius Scipio defeat Hasdrubal in Spain & gain possession of that country |
| 8 remains of army defeated at Cannae are sent off to Sicily there to remain until termination of war |
| 9 alliance is formed between Philip king of Macedon & Hannibal |
| 10 Sempronius Gracchus defeats Campanians Successes of Titus Manlius in Sardinia he takes Hasdrubal general Mago & Hanno prisoners |
| 11 Claudius Marcellus again defeats army of Hannibal at Nola & hopes of Romans are revived as to results of war |
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24
| 1 215 - 3 Hieronymus king of Syracuse whose grandfather Hiero had been a faithful ally of Rome revolts to Carthaginians & for his tyranny is put to death by his subjects |
| 2 Tiberius Sempronius Gracchus proconsul defeats Carthaginians under Hanno at Beneventum chiefly by services of slaves in his army whom he subsequently liberated |
| 3 Claudius Marcellus consul besieges Syracuse |
| 4 War is declared against Philip king of Macedon he is routed by night at Apollonia & retreats into Macedonia |
| 5 This war is intrusted to Valerius praetor |
| 6 Operations of Scipios against Carthaginians in Spain |
| 7 Syphax king of Numidians is received into alliance by Romans & is defeated by Masinissa king of Massillians who fought on side of Carthaginians |
| 8 Celtiberians joined Romans & their troops having been taken into pay mercenary soldiers for 1st time served in Roman camp |
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25
| 1 213-212 Publius Cornelius Scipio afterwards called Africanus elected aedile before he had attained age required by law |
| 2 citadel of Tarentum in which Roman garrison had taken refuge betrayed to Hannibal |
| 3 Games instituted in honour of Apollo called Apollinarian Quintus Fulvius & Appius Claudius consuls defeat Hanno Carthaginian general |
| 4 Tiberius Sempronius Gracchus betrayed by a Lucanian to Mago & slain |
| 5 Centenius Penula who had been a centurion asks senate for comm & of army promising to engage & vanquish Hannibal is cut off with 8K men |
| 6 Cneius Fulvius engages Hannibal & is beaten with loss of 16K men slain he himself escapes with only 200 horsemen |
| 7 Quintus Fulvius & Appius Claudius consuls lay siege to Capua |
| 8 Syracuse taken by Claudius Marcellus after siege of 3 years |
| 9 In tumult occasioned by taking city Archimedes is killed while intently occupied on some figures which he had drawn in sand |
| 10 Publius & Cornelius Scipio after having performed many eminent services in Spain are slain together with nearly whole of their armies 8 years after their arrival in that country: & possession of that province would have been entirely lost but for valour & activity of Lucius Marcius Roman knight who collecting scattered remains of vanquished armies utterly defeats enemy storming their 2 camps killing 37K & taking 1800 together with immense booty |
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26
| 1 212-211 Hannibal encamps on banks of Amo within 3 miles of Rome Attended by 2K horsemen he advances close to Colline gate to take a view of walls & situation of city |
| 2 On 2 successive days hostile armies hindered from engaging by severity of weather |
| 3 Capua taken by Quintus Fulvius & Appius Claudius chief nobles die voluntarily by poison |
| 4 Quintus Fulvius having condemned principal senators to death at moment they are actually tied to stakes receives despatches from Rome commanding him to spare their lives which he postpones reading until sentence executed |
| 5 Publius Scipio offering himself for service is sent to comm & in Spain takes New Carthage in one day |
| 6 Successes in Sicily |
| 7 Treaty of friendship with Aetolians |
| 8 War with Philip king of Macedonia & Acarnanians |
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27
| 1 Cneius Fulvius proconsul defeated by Hannibal & slain: consul Claudius Marcellus engages him with better success |
| 2 Hannibal raising his camp retires: Marcellus pursues & forces him to engagement |
| 3 They fight 2X: in 1st battle Hannibal gains advantage: in 2nd Marcellus |
| 4 Tarentum betrayed to Fabius Maximus consul |
| 5 Scipio engages with Hasdrubal son of Hamilcar at Baetula in Spain & defeats him |
| 6 Among other prisoners youth of royal race & exquisite beauty is taken: Scipio sets him free & sends him enriched with magnificent presents to his uncle Masinissa |
| 7 Marcellus & Quintus Crispinus consuls drawn into ambuscade by Hannibal: Marcellus slain Crispinus escapes |
| 8 Operations by Publius Sulpicius praetor against Philip & Achaeans |
| 9 census held: number of citizens found to amount to 137108 from which it appears how great a loss they had sustained by number of unsuccessful battles they had of late been engaged in |
| 10 Hasdrubal who had crossed Alps with a reinforcement for Hannibal defeated by consuls Marcus Livius & Claudius Nero & slain: with him fell 56K men |
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28
| 1 Successful operations against Carthaginians in Spain under Silanus Scipio's lieutenant & L Scipio his brother: of Sulpicius & Attalus against Philip king of Macedonia |
| 2 Scipio finally vanquishes Carthaginians in Spain & reduces that whole country: passes over into Africa |
| 3 forms alliance with Syphax king of Numidia: |
| 4 represses & punishes a mutiny of part of his army: |
| 5 concludes a treaty of friendship with Masinissa: returns to Rome & elected consul: |
| 6 solicits Africa for his province which is opposed by Quintus Fabius Maximus: is appointed governor of Sicily with permission to pass over into Africa |
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29
| 1 In Spain Mandonius & Indibilis reviving hostilities are finally subdued |
| 2 Scipio goes over from Syracuse to Locri: dislodges Carthaginian general: repulses Hannibal & recovers that city |
| 3 Peace made with Philip |
| 4 Idaean Mother brought to Rome from Phrygia: received by Publius Scipio Nasica judged by senate best man in state |
| 5 Scipio passes over into Africa |
| 6 Syphax having married daughter of Hasdrubal renounces his alliance with Scipio Masinissa who had been expelled his kingdom by Syphax joins Scipio with 200 horsemen: they defeat large army commanded by Hanno |
| 7 Hasdrubal & Syphax approach with most numerous force |
| 8 Scipio raises siege of Utica & fortifies post for winter |
| 9 consul Sempronius gets better of Hannibal in battle near Croton |
| 10 Dispute between Marcus Livius & Claudius Nero censors |
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30
| 1 Scipio aided by Masinissa defeats Carthaginians Syphax & Hasdrubal in several battles |
| 2 Syphax taken by Laelius & Masinissa |
| 3 Masinissa espouses Sophonisba wife of Syphax Hasdrubal's daughter: being reproved by Scipio he sends her poison with which she puts an end to her life |
| 4 Carthaginians reduced to great extremity by Scipio's repeated victories call Hannibal home from Italy: he holds a conference with Scipio on subject of peace & is again defeated by him in battle |
| 5 Carthaginians sue for peace which is granted them |
| 6 Masinissa reinstated in his kingdom |
| 7 Scipio returns to Rome: his splendid triumph: is surnamed Africanus |
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31
| 1 Renewal of war with Philip king of Macedon |
| 2 Successes of Publius Sulpicius consul who had conduct of that war |
| 3 Abydenians besieged by Philip put themselves to death together with their wives & children |
| 4 Lucius Furius praetor defeats Insubrian Gauls who had revolted: & Hamilcar who stirred up insurrection is slain with 35K men Further operations of Sulpicius Attalus & Rhodians against Philip |
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32
| 1 Successes of Titus Quinctius Flamininus against Philip: & of his brother Lucius with fleet assisted by Attalus & Rhodians |
| 2 Treaty of friendship with Achaeans |
| 3 Conspiracy of slaves discovered & suppressed |
| 4 number of praetors augmented to 6 |
| 5 Defeat of Insubrian Gauls by Cornelius Cethegus |
| 6 Treaty of friendship with Nabis tyrant of Lacedaemon |
| 7 Capture of several cities in Macedonia |
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33
| 1 Titus Quinctius Flamininus proconsul gains decisive victory over Philip at Cynoscephalae |
| 2 Caius Sempronius Tuditanus praetor cut off by Celtiberians |
| 3 Death of Attalus at Pergamus |
| 4 Peace granted to Philip & liberty to Greece |
| 5 Lucius Furius Purpureo & Marcus Claudius Marcellus consuls subdue Boian & Insubrian Gauls |
| 6 Triumph of Marcellus |
| 7 Hannibal alarmed at an embassy from Rome concerning him flies to Antiochus king of Syria who was preparing to make war on Romans |
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34
| 1 Oppian law respecting dress of women after much debate repealed notwithstanding it was strenuously supported by Marcus Porcius Cato consul |
| 2 consul's successes in Spain |
| 3 Titus Quinctius Flamininus finishes war with Lacedaemonians & tyrant Nabis: makes peace with them & restores liberty to Argos |
| 4 Separate seats at public games for first time appointed for senator |
| 5 Colonies sent forth |
| 6 Marcus Porcius Cato triumphs on account of his successes in Spain |
| 7 Further successes in Spain against Boians & Insubrian Gauls |
| 8 Titus Quinctius Flamininus having subdued Philip king of Macedonia & Nabis Lacedaemonian tyrant & restored all Greece to freedom triumphs for three days |
| 9 Carthaginian ambassadors bring intelligence of hostile designs of Antiochus & Hannibal |
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35
| 1 Publius Scipio Africanus sent as ambassador to Antiochus: has a conversation with Hannibal at Ephesus |
| 2 Preparations of Romans for war with Antiochus |
| 3 Nabis tyrant of Lacedaemon instigated by Aetolians makes war on Achaeans: is put to death by party of Aetolians |
| 4 Aetolians violating treaty of friendship with Romans invite Antiochus who comes with small force into Greece & in conjunction with them takes several towns & whole isl & of Euboea |
| 5 Achaeans declare war against Antiochus & Aetolians |
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36
| 1 Manius Acilius Glabrio consul aided by king Philip defeats Antiochus at Thermopylae & drives him out of Greece: reduces Aetolians to sue for peace |
| 2 Publius Cornelius Scipio Nasica reduces Boian Gauls to submission |
| 3 Sea-fight between Roman fleet & that of Antiochus in which Romans are victorious. |
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5 1904 History of Rome During Later Republic & Early Principate by Greenidge, A. H. J. (Abel Hendy Jones) 227,237W 909 15:09
1
| 1 Characteristics of period |
| 2 Recent changes in conditions of Roman life |
| 3 Close of period of expansion by means of colonies or l & assignments |
| 4 Reasons for social discontent |
| 5 life of wealthier classes |
| 6 expenses of political life |
| 7 Attempts to check luxury |
| 8 Motives for gain amongst upper classes |
| 9 Means of acquiring wealth open to members of nobility those open to members of commercial class |
| 10 political influence of Equites |
| 11 business life of Rome finance & banking |
| 12 Foreign trade |
| 13 condition of small traders |
| 14 Agriculture |
| 15 Diminution in numbers of peasant proprietors |
| 16 Latifundium & new agricultural ideal |
| 17 Growth of pasturage |
| 18 Causes of changes in tenure of l & |
| 19 system of possession |
| 20 Future prospects of agriculture |
| 21 Slave labour dangers attending its employment revolts of slaves in Italy |
| 22 140-131 BC servile war in Sicily |
| 23 need for reform |
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2
| 1 sources from which reform might have come, too |
| 2 Attitude of Scipio Aemilianus |
| 3 Tiberius Gracchus his youth & early career |
| 4 affair of Numantine Treaty |
| 5 Motives that urged Tiberius Gracchus to reform |
| 6 133 BC His tribunate |
| 7 Terms of agrarian measure which he introduced |
| 8 Creation of a special agrarian commission |
| 9 Opposition to bill |
| 10 Veto pronounced by Marcus Octavius |
| 11 Tiberius Gracchus declares a Justitium |
| 12 Fruitless reference to senate |
| 13 Deposition of Octavius |
| 14 Passing of agrarian law appointment of commissioners judicial power given to commissioners |
| 15 Employment of bequest of Attalus |
| 16 Attacks on Tiberius Gracchus |
| 17 His defence of deposition of Octavius |
| 18 New programme of Tiberius Gracchus |
| 19 suggestion of measures dealing with army, |
| 20 law-courts & Italians |
| 21 Tiberius Gracchus's attempt at re-election to tribunate |
| 22 Riot at election & death of Tiberius Gracchus, |
| 23 Consequences of his fall |
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3
| 1 Attitude of senate after fall of Tiberius Gracchus |
| 2 132 BC Special commission appointed for trial of his adherents |
| 3 Fate of Scipio Nasica |
| 4 Permanence of l & commission & thoroughness of its work |
| 5 Difficulties connected with jurisdiction on disputed claims |
| 6 Italians appeal to Scipio Aemilianus |
| 7 129 BC His intervention judicial power taken from commissioners |
| 8 Death of Scipio Aemilianus |
| 9 131 BC Tribunate of Carbo ballot law & attempt to make tribune immediately re-eligible |
| 10 Italian claims negotiations for extension of franchise |
| 11 126 BC Alien act of Pennus |
| 12 125 BC Proposal made by Flaccus to extend franchise |
| 13 Revolt of Fregellae |
| 14 124 BC Foundation of Fabrateria |
| 15 Foreign events during this period |
| 16 kingdom of Pergamon |
| 17 133 BC Bequest of Attains 3 |
| 18 132 - 130 BC Revolt of Aristonicus |
| 19 129 - 126 BC Organisation of province of Asia |
| 20 126 - 125 BC Sardinian War |
| 21 123 - 132 BC Conquest & annexation of Balearic Islands |
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4
| 1 124 BC political situation at time of appearance of Caius Gracchus as candidate for tribunate |
| 2 Early career of Caius Gracchus |
| 3 123 BC 1st tribunate of Caius Gracchus |
| 4 Laws passed or proposed during this tribunate |
| 5 law protecting Caput of Roman citizen |
| 6 Impeachment of Popillius |
| 7 Law concerning magistrates who had been deposed by people |
| 8 Social reforms |
| 9 Law providing for cheapened sale of corn |
| 10 Law mitigating conditions of military service 208 |
| 11 Agrarian law |
| 12 Judiciary law |
| 13 Law permitting a criminal prosecution for corrupt judgments |
| 14 Law concerning province of Asia |
| 15 new balance of power created by these laws in favour of Equites |
| 16 Law about consular provinces |
| 17 Colonial schemes of Caius Gracchus |
| 18 Rubrian law for renewal of Carthage |
| 19 Law for making of roads |
| 20 Election of Fannius to consulship & of Caius Gracchus & Flaccus to tribunate |
| 21 122 BC Activity of Caius Gracchus during his 2nd tribunate |
| 22 franchise bill |
| 23 Opposition to bill |
| 24 Exclusion of Italians from Rome |
| 25 threat of veto, & suspension of measure |
| 26 Proposal for a change in order of voting in Comitia Centuriata |
| 27 New policy of senate |
| 28 counter-legislation of Drusus |
| 29 Colonial proposals of Drusus |
| 30 His measure for protection of Latins |
| 31 close of Caius Gracchus's second tribunate |
| 32 His failure to be elected tribune for 3rd time |
| 33 Proposal for repeal of Rubrian law |
| 34 121 BC meeting on Capitol & its consequences |
| 35 Declaration of a state of siege |
| 36 seizure of Aventine |
| 37 defeat of Gracchans |
| 38 death of Caius Gracchus & Flaccus |
| 39 Judicial prosecution of adherents of Caius Gracchus |
| 40 Future judgments on Gracchi |
| 41 closing years of Cornelia |
| 42 Estimate of character & consequences of Gracchan reforms |
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5
| 1 political situation after fall of Caius Gracchus |
| 2 120 BC Prosecution & acquittal of Opimius |
| 3 Publius Lentulus dies in exile |
| 4 119 BC Prosecution & condemnation of Carbo |
| 5 Lucius Crassus |
| 6 Policy of senate towards late schemes of reform |
| 7 121 - 119 BC 2 new l & laws |
| 8 settlement of l & question with respect to Ager Publicus in Italy |
| 9 Limitations on power of nobility |
| 10 120 BC Equestrian courts 113 BC trials of Scaevola & Cato |
| 11 115 BC Consulship of Scaurus |
| 12 law concerning voting power of freedmen |
| 13 Sumptuary law |
| 14 115 BC activity of censors Metellus & Domitius |
| 15 120 BC Triumphs of Domitius, 115 BC Fabius & Scaurus for military successes |
| 16 Confidence of electors in ancient houses |
| 17 163 - 115 BC Recognition of talent by nobility career of Scaurus |
| 18 157 - 119 BC rise of Marius his early career |
| 19 119 BC Tribunate of Marius |
| 20 His law about method of voting in Comitia carried in spite of opposition of senate |
| 21 He opposes a measure for distribution of corn |
| 22 116 BC Marius elected praetor accused & acquitted of Ambitus |
| 23 114 BC His praetorship, 115 BC pro-praetorship in Spain |
| 24 Further opposition to senate |
| 25 118 BC foundation of Narbo Martius |
| 26 111 BC Glaucia his tribunate & his law of extortion |
| 27 114 BC spirit of unrest religious fears at Rome |
| 28 114 BC 1st trial of vestals |
| 29 113 BC 2nd trial of vestals |
| 30 Human sacrifice Great fire at Rome |
|
|
6
| 1 kingdom of Numidia |
| 2 races of North Africa |
| 3 Numidians |
| 4 Numidian monarchy |
| 5 148-118 BC Reign of Micipsa |
| 6 Early years of Jugurtha |
| 7 134 - 3 BC Jugurtha at Numantia |
| 8 118 BC Joint rule of Jugurtha, Adherbal & Hiempsal |
| 9 116 BC Murder of Hiempsal war between Jugurtha & Adherbal |
| 10 Both kings send envoys to Rome appeal of Adherbal |
| 11 Decision of senate Numidia divided between claimants |
| 12 114 BC Renewal of war between Jugurtha & Adherbal |
| 13 112 BC Siege of Cirta |
| 14 Embassy from Rome neglected by Jugurtha |
| 15 Renewed appeal of Adherbal |
| 16 Another commission sent by Rome |
| 17 Surrender of Cirta & murder of Adherbal |
| 18 Massacre of Italian traders Its influence on commercial classes at Rome protest by Memmius |
| 19 Declaration of war against Jugurtha |
| 20 Comm & of Bestia in Numidia |
| 21 Attitude of Bocchus of Mauretania |
| 22 Negotiations of Bestia with Jugurtha conclusion of peace |
| 23 Excitement in Rome on news of agreement with Jugurtha |
| 24 Activity of Memmius |
| 25 Jugurtha induced to come to Rome |
| 26 Jugurtha at Rome scene at Contio |
| 27 Murder of Massiva |
| 28 Jugurtha leaves Rome & war is renewed 365 |
| 29 Spurius Albinus in Numidia |
| 30 He returns to Rome leaving Aulus Albinus in comm & |
| 31 109 BC Enterprise of Aulus Albinus his defeat & compact with Jugurtha |
| 32 Reception of news at Rome senate invalidates treaty |
| 33 Return of Spurius Albinus to Africa |
| 34 110 BC Mamilian Commission |
| 35 109 BC Metellus appointed to Numidia |
|
|
7
| 1 Metellus restores discipline in army |
| 2 Jugurtha attempts negotiation Metellus intrigues with envoys |
| 3 109 BC 1st campaign of Metellus |
| 4 Seizure of Vaga |
| 5 Battle of Muthul |
| 6 Reception of news at Rome |
| 7 108 BC 2nd campaign of Metellus |
| 8 Siege of Zama |
| 9 Correspondence of Metellus with Bomilcar |
| 10 Negotiations with Jugurtha |
| 11 Discontent in province of Africa at progress of war ambitions of Marius |
| 12 Plans for securing comm & for Marius |
| 13 Massacre of Roman garrison at Vaga |
| 14 Recovery of Vaga by Metellus |
| 15 Trial & execution of Turpilius, Intrigues of Bomilcar |
| 16 Bomilcar put to death by Jugurtha |
| 17 Marius returns to Rome |
| 18 108 or 107 BC His election to consulship Numidia assigned as his province |
| 19 Enrolment of Capite Censi in legions |
| 20 107 BC Metellus's expedition to Thala |
| 21 capture of town, Leptis Major appeals for, & receives, Roman help |
| 22 Jugurtha finds help amongst Gaetulians |
| 23 Junction of Jugurtha & Bocchus |
| 24 Metellus moves to Cirta |
| 25 Close of Metellus's comm & |
|
|
8
| 1 107 BC Marius arrives in Africa |
| 2 Return of Metellus to Rome his triumph |
| 31 st campaign of Marius |
| 4 Expedition to Capsa & destruction of town |
| 5 106 BC 2nd campaign of Marius operations on Muluccha |
| 6 Arrival of Sulla with cavalry from Italy |
| 7 Early career of Sulla |
| 8 Renewed coalition of Jugurtha & Bocchus |
| 9 Retirement of Marius on Cirta battles on route |
| 10 Marius approached by Bocchus Sulla & Manlius sent to interview Bocchus |
| 11 105 BC Envoys from Bocchus reach Sulla in Roman winter-camp |
| 12 Armistice made with Bocchus he is then granted conditional terms of alliance by Roman senate |
| 13 mission of Sulla to Bocchus |
| 14 advocates of Numidia & Rome at Mauretanian court |
| 15 Sulla urges Bocchus to surrender Jugurtha |
| 16 Betrayal of Numidian king conclusion of war settlement of Numidia |
| 17 Fate of Jugurtha |
| 18 Triumph of Marius |
| 19 Lessons of Numidian War |
| 20 Growing rivalry between Marius & Sulla |
| 21 Internal politics of Rome |
| 22 reaction in favour of nobility |
| 23 107 BC election of Serranus & Caepio |
| 24 106 BC judiciary law of Caepio |
| 25 measure supported by Crassus |
| 26 Reaction against proposal |
| 27 victory of Equites |
| 28 renewed coalition against senate due to conduct of campaign in North |
| 29 105 BC consular elections for year |
| 30 105 BC Effect of defeat at Arausio |
| 31 Election of Marius to 2nd consulship. |
|
|
|
|
|
7 1921 A History of Rome to 565 AD by Boak, Arthur Edward Romilly 176,597W 706 11:45
1 FORERUNNERS OF ROME IN ITALY
1 Geography of Italy
| 1 Prehistoric Civilization in Italy |
| 2 Peoples of Historic Italy |
3 Etruscans Greeks
|
|
|
|
2 EARLY MONARCHY & REPUBLIC FROM PREHISTORIC TIMES TO 27 BC
1 Early Rome to Fall of Monarchy |
2 509 - 265 Expansion of Rome to Unification of Italian Peninsula
| 1 To Conquest of Veii 392 BC |
| 2 Gallic Invasion |
|
3 Disruption of Latin League & Alliance of Romans with Campanians
| 1 Wars with Samnites Gauls & Etruscans |
| 2 Roman Conquest of South Italy |
| 3 Roman Confederacy |
4 Constitutional Development of Rome to 287 BC
|
|
4 Early Republic
| 1 Assembly of Centuries & Development of Magistracy |
| 2 Plebeian Struggle for Political Equality |
| 3 Roman Military System |
| 4 Religion & Society in Early Rome |
|
5 Roman Domination in Mediterranean 1st Phase
| 1 265 - 201 BC Struggle with Carthage Mediterranean World in 265 BC |
| 21 st Punic War |
| 3 Illyrian & Gallic Wars |
| 4 2nd Punic War |
| 5 Effect of 2nd Punic War upon Italy |
|
6 Roman Domination in Mediterranean 2nd Phase
| 1 Rome & Greek East |
| 22 nd Macedonian War |
| 3 War with Antiochus Great & Ætolians |
| 4 3rd Macedonian War |
5 Campaigns in Italy & Spain
|
|
7 167 - 133 Territorial Expansion in 3 Continents
| 1 Spanish Wars |
| 2 Destruction of Carthage |
| 3 War with Macedonia & Achæan Confederacy |
| 4 Acquisition of Asia |
|
8 265 - 133 Roman State & Empire
1 Rule of Senatorial Aristocracy
|
| 2 Administration of Provinces |
| 3 Social & Economic Development |
| 4 Cultural Progress |
|
9 133 - 78 Struggle of Optimates & Populares
1 Agrarian Laws of Tiberius Gracchus
|
| 2 Tribunate of Caius Gracchus |
| 3 War with Jugurtha & Rise of Marius |
| 4 Cimbri & Teutons Saturninus & Glaucia |
| 5 Tribunate of Marcus Livius Drusus Italian or Marsic War |
| 6 1st Mithridatic War Sulla's Dictatorship |
|
10 78 - 59 Rise of Pompey Great
1 Pompey's Comm & against Sertorius in Spain
|
| 2 Comm & of Lucullus against Mithridates |
| 3 Revolt of Gladiators |
| 4 Consulate of Pompey & Crassus |
| 5 Commands of Pompey against Pirates & East |
| 6 Conspiracy of Cataline |
| 7 Coalition of Pompey Cæsar & Crassus |
|
11 59 - 44 Rivalry of Pompey & Caesar Caesar's Dictatorship
1 Cæsar Consul
|
| 2 Cæsar's Conquest of Gaul |
| 3 Civil War between Cæsar & Senate |
| 4 Dictatorship of Julius Cæsar |
|
12 44 - 27 Passing of Republic
1 Rise of Octavian
|
| 2 43 BC Triumvirate |
| 3 victory of Octavian over Antony & Cleopatra |
| 4 Society & Intellectual Life in Last Century of Republic |
|
|
|
3 27 BC - 285 AD PRINCIPATE OR EARLY EMPIRE
1 27 BC - 14 AD Establishment of Principate
1 Princeps
|
| 2 Senate Equestrians & Plebs |
| 3 Military Establishment |
| 4 Revival of Religion & Morality |
| 5 Provinces & Frontiers |
| 6 Administration of Rome |
| 7 Problem of Succession |
| 8 Augustus as a Statesman |
|
2 14 - 96 Julio-Claudian Line & Flavians
1 Tiberius
|
| 2 Caius Caligula |
| 3 Claudius |
| 4 Nero |
| 5 1st War of Legions or Year of 4 Emperors |
| 6 Vespasian & Titus |
| 7 Domitian |
|
3 96 - 285 From Nerva to Diocletian
1 Nerva & Trajan
|
| 2 Hadrian |
| 3 Antonines |
| 4 2nd War of Legions |
| 5 Dynasty of Severi |
| 6 Dissolution & Restoration of Empire |
|
4 Public Administration under Principate
1 Victory of Autocracy
|
| 2 Growth of Civil Service |
| 3 Army & Defence of Frontiers |
| 4 Provinces under Principate |
| 5 Municipal Life |
| 6 Colonate or Serfdom |
|
5 Religion & Society
1 Society under Principate
|
| 2 Intellectual World |
| 3 Imperial Cult & Oriental Religions in Roman Paganism |
| 4 Christianity & Roman State |
|
|
|
4 285 - 565 AUTOCRACY OR LATE EMPIRE
1 285 - 395 From Diocletian to Theodosius Great Integrity of Empire Maintained
1 Diocletian
|
| 2 Constantine 1 Great |
| 3 Dynasty of Constantine |
| 4 House of Valentinian & Theodosius Great |
|
2 Public Administration of Late Empire
1 Autocrat & his Court
|
| 2 Military Organization |
| 3 Perfection of Bureaucracy |
| 4 Nobility & Senate |
| 5 System of Taxation & Ruin of Municipalities |
|
3 395 - 493 Germanic Occupation of Italy & Western Provinces
1 General Characteristics of Period
|
| 2 Visigothic Migrations |
| 3 Vandals |
| 4 Burgundians |
| 5 Franks & Saxons |
| 6 Fall of Empire in West |
| 7 Survival of Empire in East |
|
4 518 - 65 Age of Justinian
1 Germanic Kingdoms in West to 533
|
| 2 Restoration of Imperial Power in West |
| 3 Justinian's Frontier Problems & Internal Administration |
|
5 Religious & Intellectual Life in Late Empire
1 End of Paganism
|
| 2 Church in Christian Empire |
| 3 Sectarian Strife |
| 4 Monasticism |
| 5 Literature & Art |
| 6 Chronological Table. |
|
|
|
|
|
12 1911 Oriental Religions in Roman Paganism by Cumont Franz Valery Marie 96925W 388 6:28
1 Rome & Orient 1
| 1 Superiority of Orient |
| 2 Its Influence on Political Institutions |
| 3 Its Influence on Civil Law |
| 4 Its Influence on Science |
| 5 Its Influence on Literature & Art |
| 6 Its Influence on Industry |
| 7 Sources: Destruction of Pagan Rituals |
| 8 Mythographers |
| 9 Historians |
| 10 Satirists |
| 11 Philosophers |
| 12 Christian Polemicists |
| 13 Archeological Documents |
|
|
2 Why Oriental Religions Spread
| 1 Difference in Religions of Orient & Occident |
| 2 Spread of Oriental Religions |
| 3 Economic Influences |
| 4 Theory of Degeneration |
| 5 Conversions are of Individuals |
| 6 Appeal of Oriental Religions to Senses |
| 7 Appeal to Intelligence |
| 8 Appeal to Conscience |
| 9 Inadequacy of Roman Religion |
| 10 Skepticism |
| 11 Imperial Power |
| 12 Purification of Souls |
| 13 Hope of Immortality |
|
|
3 Asia Minor
| 1 Arrival of Cybele at Rome |
| 2 Her Religion in Asia Minor |
| 3 Religion at Rome under Republic |
| 4 Adoption of Goddess MaBellona |
| 5 Politics of Claudius |
| 6 Spring Festival |
| 7 Spread of Phrygian Religion in Provinces |
| 8 Causes of Its Success |
| 9 Its Official Recognition |
| 10 Arrival of Other Cults: Mèn |
| 11 Judaism |
| 12 Sabazius |
| 13 Anahita |
| 14 Taurobolium |
| 15 Philosophy |
| 16 Christianity |
|
|
4 Egypt
| 1 Foundation of Serapis Worship |
| 2 Egyptian Religion Hellenized |
| 3 Diffusion in Greece |
| 4 Adoption at Rome |
| 5 Persecutions |
| 6 Adoption Under Caligula |
| 7 Its History |
| 8 Its Transformation |
| 9 Uncertainty in Egyptian Theology |
| 10 Insufficiency of Its Ethics |
| 11 Power of Its Ritual |
| 12 Daily Liturgy |
| 13 Festivals |
| 14 Doctrine of Immortality |
| 15 Refrigerium |
|
|
5 Syria
| 1 Syrian Goddess |
| 2 Importation of New Gods by Syrian Slaves |
| 3 Syrian Merchants |
| 4 Syrian Soldiers |
| 5 Heliogabalus & Aurelian |
| 6 Value of Semitic Paganism |
| 7 Animal Worship |
| 8 Baals |
| 9 Human Sacrifice |
| 10 Transformation of Sacerdotal Religion |
| 11 Purity |
| 12 Influence of Babylon |
| 13 Eschatology |
| 14 Theology: God is Supreme |
| 15 God is Omnipotent |
| 16 God is Eternal & Universal |
| 17 Semitic Syncretism |
| 18 Solar Henotheism |
|
|
6 Persia
| 1 Persia & Europe |
| 2 Influence of Achemenides |
| 3 Influence of Mazdaism |
| 4 Conquests of Rome |
| 5 Influence of Sassanides |
| 6 Origin of Mysteries of Mithra |
| 7 Persians in Asia Minor |
| 8 Mazdaism of Anatolia |
| 9 Its Diffusion in Occident |
| 10 Its Qualities |
| 11 Dualism |
| 12 Ethics of Mithraism |
| 13 Future Life |
|
|
7 Astrology & Magic
| 1 Prestige of Astrology |
| 2 Its Introduction in Occident |
| 3 Astrology Under Empire |
| 4 Polemics Powerless Against Astrology |
| 5 Astrology a Scientific Religion |
| 6 Primitive Idea of Sympathy |
| 7 Divinity of Stars |
| 8 Transformation of Idea of God |
| 9 New Gods |
| 10 Big Years |
| 11 Astrological Eschatology |
| 12 Man's Relation to Heaven |
| 13 Fatalism |
| 14 Efficacy of Prayer |
| 15 Efficacy of Magic |
| 16 Treatises on Magic |
| 17 Idea of Sympathy |
| 18 Magic a Science |
| 19 Magic is Religious |
| 20 Ancient Italian Sorcery |
| 21 Egypt & Chaldea |
| 22 Theurgy 188 |
| 23 Persian Magic |
| 24 Persecutions |
|
|
8 Transformation of Roman Paganism
| 1 Paganism Before Constantine |
| 2 Religion of Asia Minor |
| 3 Religion of Egypt & Syria |
| 4 Religion of Persia |
| 5 Many Pagan Religions |
| 6 Popular Religion & Philosophy |
| 7 Christian Polemics |
| 8 Roman Paganism Become Oriental |
| 9 Mysteries |
| 10 Nature Worship |
| 11 Supreme God |
| 12 Sidereal Worship |
| 13 Ritual Given a Moral Significance |
|
|
9 World
| 1 Rome & Orient 214 |
| 2 Why Oriental Religions Spread |
| 3 Asia Minor |
| 4 Egypt |
| 5 Syria |
| 6 Persia |
| 7 Astrology & Magic |
| 8 Transformation of Paganism. |
|
|
|
|
14 1921 Gracchi Marius & Sulla Epochs of Ancient History by Beesley, A.H. 71,301W 285 4:45
1 ANTECEDENTS OF REVOLUTION
| 1 Previous history of Roman orders |
| 2 Ager Publicus |
| 3 Previous attempts at agrarian legislation |
| 4 Roman slavery |
| 5 1st Slave War |
| 6 Nobiles, Optimates, Populares, Equites |
| 7 Classification of component parts of Roman State |
| 8 State of transmarine provinces |
|
|
2 TIBERIUS GRACCHUS
| 1 Scipio Aemilianus |
| 2 Tribunate of Tiberius Gracchus |
| 3 His agrarian proposals |
| 4 Wisdom of them |
| 5 Grievances of possessors |
| 6 Octavius thwarts Gracchus |
| 7 Conduct of Gracchus defended |
| 8 His other intended reforms |
| 9 He stands again for tribunate |
| 10 His motives |
| 11 His murder |
|
|
3 CAIUS GRACCHUS
| 1 Blossius spared |
| 2 law of T. Gracchus carried out |
| 3 Explanation of Italian opposition to it |
| 4 Attitude of Scipio Aemilianus |
| 5 His murder |
| 6 Quaestorship of Caius Gracchus |
| 7 Alien Act of Pennus |
| 8 Flaccus proposes to give Socii franchise |
| 9 Revolt & extirpation of Fregellae |
| 10 Tribunate of Caius Gracchus |
| 11 Compared to Tiberius |
| 12 His aims |
| 13 His Corn Law defended |
| 14 His Lex Judiciaria |
| 15 His law concerning taxation of Asia |
| 16 His conciliation of equites |
| 17 His colonies |
| 18 He proposes to give franchise to Italians |
| 19 Other projects |
| 20 Machinations of nobles against him |
| 21 M. Livius Drusus outbids him |
| 22 Stands again for tribunate, but is rejected |
| 23 His murder |
| 24 Some of his laws remain in force |
| 25 Maria Lex |
| 26 Reactionary legislation of Senate |
| 27 Lex Thoria |
| 28 All offices confined to a close circle |
|
|
4 JUGURTHINE WAR.
| 1 Legacy of Attalus |
| 2 Aristonicus usurps his kingdom |
| 3 Settlement of Asia |
| 4 Jugurtha murders Hiempsal & attacks Adherbal |
| 5 His intrigues at Rome & infamy of M. Aemilius Scaurus & other Roman nobles |
| 6 3 commissions bribed by Jugurtha |
| 7 Adherbal murdered |
| 8 Rome declares war & Jugurtha bribes Roman generals, Bestia & Scaurus |
| 9 Memmius denounces them at Rome |
| 10 Jugurtha summoned to Rome, where he murders Massiva |
| 11 He defeats Aulus Albinos |
| 12 Metellus sent against him Jugurtha defeated on Muthul |
| 13 Keeps up a guerilla warfare |
| 14 Marius stands for consulship, & succeeds Metellus |
| 15 Bocchus betrays Jugurtha to Sulla |
| 16 Settlement of Numidia |
|
|
5 CIMBRI & TEUTONES
1 Recommencement of Social struggle at Rome
|
| 2 Marius popular hero |
| 3 Incessant frontier-warfare of Romans |
| 4 Cimbri defeat Carbo & Silanus |
| 5 Caepio & 'Gold of Tolosa' |
| 6 Cimbri defeat Scaurus & Caepio |
| 7 Marius elected consul |
| 8 Cimbri march towardsv Spain |
| 9 Their nationality |
| 10 Their plan of operations |
| 11 Plan of Marius |
| 12 Battle of Aquae Sextiae |
| 13 Battle of Vercellae |
|
|
6 ROMAN ARMY
| 1 2nd Slave War |
| 2 Aquillius ends it |
| 3 Changes in Roman army |
| 4 Uniform equipment of legionary |
| 5 Mariani muli |
| 6 cohort tactical unit |
| 7 officers |
| 8 Numbers of legion |
| 9 pay |
| 10 praetorian cohort |
| 11 Dislike to service |
| 12 army becomes professional |
|
|
7 SATURNINUS & DRUSUS
| 1 Saturninus takes up Gracchan policy, in league with Glaucia & Marius |
| 2 Lex Servilia meant to relieve provincials, conciliate equites, & throw open judicia to all citizens |
| 3 Agrarian law of Saturninus |
| 4 His laws about grain & treason |
| 5 Murder of Memmius, Glaucia's rival |
| 6 Saturninus is attacked & deserted by Marius |
| 7 Lex Licinia Minucia heralds Social War |
| 8 Drusus attempts reform |
| 9 Obliged to tread in steps of Gracchi |
| 10 His proposals with regard to Italians, coinage, corn, colonies & equites |
| 11 Opposed by Philippus & murdered |
|
|
8 SOCIAL WAR
| 1 Interests of Italian capitalists & small farmers opposed |
| 2 Social War breaks out at Asculum |
| 3 insurgents choose Corfinium as their capital |
| 4 In 1st year they gain everywhere |
| 5 Then Lex Julia is passed & 2nd year they lose everywhere |
| 6 star of Sulla rises, that of Marius declines |
| 7 Lex Plautia Papiria |
| 8 1st year of war |
| 9 confederates defeat Perperna, Crassus, Caesar, Lupus, Caepio, & take town after town |
| 10 Umbrians & Etruscans Revolt |
| 11 2nd year |
| 12 Pompeius triumphs in north, Cosconius in south-east, Sulla in south-west |
| 13 Revolution at Rome |
| 14 confederates courted by both parties |
| 15 rebellion smoulders on till finally quenched by Sulla after Mithridatic War |
|
|
9 SULPICIUS
| 1 Financial crisis at Rome |
| 2 Sulpicius Rufus attempts to reform government, & complete enfranchisement of Italians |
| 3 His laws forcibly carried by aid of Marius |
| 4 Sulla driven from Rome flies to army at Nola, & marches at their head against Marius |
| 5 Sulpicius slain |
| 6 Marius outlawed |
| 7 Sulla leaves Italy after reorganizing Senate & comitia |
|
|
10 MARIUS & CINNA
| 1 Flight of Marius |
| 2 His romantic adventures at Circeii, Minturnae, Carthage |
| 3 Cinna takes up Italian cause |
| 4 Driven from Rome by Octavius, he flies to army in Campania & marches on Rome |
| 5 Marius lands in Etruria |
| 6 Octavius summons Pompeius from Etruria & their armies surround city |
| 7 Marius & Cinna enter Rome |
| 8 proscriptions |
| 9 7th consulship & death of Marius |
| 10 Cinna supreme |
|
|
11 1ST MITHRIDATIC WAR
1 Sertorius in Spain
|
| 2 Cyrene bequeathed to Rome |
| 3 Previous history of Mithridates |
| 4 His submission to Aquillius |
| 5 Aquillius forces on a war |
| 6 He is defeated & killed by Mithridates |
| 7 Massacre of Romans in Asia |
| 8 Mithridates repulsed at Rhodes |
|
|
12 SULLA IN GREECE & ASIA
| 1 Aristion induces Athens to revolt |
| 2 Sulla lands in Epirus, & besieges Athens & Piraeus |
| 3 His difficulties |
| 4 He takes Athens & Piraeus, & defeats Archelaus at Chaeroneia & Orchomenus |
| 5 Terms offered to Mithridates |
| 6 Tyranny of latter |
| 7 Flaccus comes to Asia & is murdered by Fimbria, who is soon afterwards put to death by Sulla |
|
|
13 SULLA IN ITALY
| 1 Sulla lands at Brundisium & is joined by numerous adherents |
| 2 Battle of Mount Tifata |
| 3 Sertorius goes to Spain |
| 4 Sulla in 83 is master of Picenum, Apulia, & Campania |
| 5 Battle of Sacriportus |
| 6 Sulla blockades young Marius in Praeneste |
| 7 Indecisive war in Picenum between Carbo & Metellus |
| 8 Repeated attempts to relieve Praeneste |
| 9 Carbo flies to Africa |
| 10 His lieutenants threaten Rome |
| 11 Sulla comes to rescue |
| 12 Desperate attempt to take city by Pontius |
| 13 Battle of Colline Gate |
| 14 Sulla's danger |
| 15 Death of Carbo, of Domitius Ahenobarbus |
| 16 Exploits of Pompeius in Sicily & Africa |
| 17 His vanity |
| 18 Murena provokes 2nd Mithridatic War |
| 19 Sertorius in Spain |
| 20 His successes & ascendency over natives |
|
|
14 PERSONAL RULE & DEATH OF SULLA
| 1 Sullan proscriptions |
| 2 Sulla & Caesar |
| 3 Cornelii |
| 4 Sulla's horrible character |
| 5 His death & splendid obsequies |
|
|
15 SULLA'S REACTIONARY MEASURES
| 1 Leges Corneliae |
| 2 Sulla remodels Senate, quaestorship, censorship, tribunate, comitia, consulship, praetorship, augurate & pontificate, judicia |
| 3 Minor laws attributed to him |
| 4 Effects of his legislation best justification of Gracchi. |
|
|
|
31 894 Roman History of Ammianus Marcellinus During Reigns of Emperors Constantius, Julian, Jovianus, Valentinian, & Valens by Ammianus Marcellinus
267,576W 1070 17:50
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4  Post Rome
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2  1798 Memoirs of Joque Casanova 1725 – 1798
V1 Venetian Years
374,000W 1,496 24:55:32 684M
1 2
| 1 Casanova at Dux |
| 2 translator's Preface |
| 3 Author's Preface |
| 4 Childhood |
| 5 Cleric in Naples |
| 6 Military Career |
| 7 Return to Venice |
| 8 Milan & Mantua. |
|
|
3  897 Montessori Method
by Maria Montessori
178,000W 712 11:51:43 325M
| 1 Critical consideration of new pedagogy in relation to modern science |
| 2 History of Methods |
| 3 Inaugural Address Delivered on |
| 4 opening of one of childrens houses |
| 5 Pedagogical Methods |
| 6 Discipline |
| 7 How Lesson Should be given |
| 8 Exersizes of Practical life |
| 9 Refection: child's diet |
| 10 Muscular Education: gymnastics |
| 11 Nature in Education, agricultural education, nurture of plants & animals |
| 12 Manual Labour, Potter's art & building |
| 13 Education of
General Sensibility senses, tactile, thermic, beric & stereognostic |
| 14 General notes on education of senses |
| 15 Intellectual education |
| 16 Method for Teaching of reading & writing |
| 17 Description of method/didactice material used |
| 18 Language in Childhood |
| 19 Teaching of Numerat |
| 20 Sequence of Exercises |
| 21 General Review of Dis |
| 22 Conclusions & Impressions. |
|
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5  1558 Autobiography
by Benvenuto Cellini
153,750W 615 10:14:48 281M |
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6  1828 History of Painting in Italy, V1 From Period of Revival of Fine Arts to End of Eighteenth Century
by Lanzi, Luigi Antonio
138,376W 554 9:14
V1 V1-6 $2
1 FLORENTINE SCHOOL
| 1 Origin of revival of painting: Association & methods of old painters: Series of Tuscan artists before time of Cimabue & Giotto |
| 2 Florentine painters who lived after Giotto to 1490s |
| 3 Origin & progress of engraving on copper & wood |
| 4 Vinci, Bonarruoti, & other celebrated artists, form most flourishing era of this school |
| 5 imitators of Michelangiolo |
| 6 Cigoli & his Associates improve style of painting |
7 Pietro da Cortona & his followers |
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2 SIENESE SCHOOL
1 old masters |
| 2 Foreign painters at Siena: Origin & progress of modern style in that city |
| 3 art having declined through disasters of state, is revived by labours of Salimbeni & his sons. |
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7  Lives of Painters
by Vasari
130,750W 523 8:42:43 239M
| 1 Giovanni Cimabue |
| 2 Arnolfo di lapo |
| 3 Niccola & Giovanni of Pisa |
| 4 Andrea Tafi |
| 5 Gaddo Gaddi |
| 6 Margaritone |
| 7 Giotto |
| 8 Agostino & Agnolo
of Siena |
| 9 Stefano & Ugolino of Sanese |
| 10 Pietro Laurati |
| 11 Andrea Pisano |
| 12 Buonamico Buffalmacco |
| 13 Ambrogio Lrenzetti |
| 14 Pietro Vavallini |
| 15 Simome Sanese |
| 16 Life of Taddeo Gaddi, painter in florence |
| 17 Andrea di Cione Orcagna |
| 18 Tommaso, Called Giotinno |
| 19 Giovanni dal Ponte |
| 20 Agnolo Gaddi. |
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8  1828 History of Painting in Italy, V2 from Period of Revival of Fine Arts to End of Eighteenth Century
by Lanzi, Luigi Antonio
121,804W 487 8:07
3 ROMAN SCHOOL
| 1 old masters |
| 2 Raffaello & his school. |
| 3 art declines, in consequence of public calamities of Rome, & gradually falls into mannerism |
| 4 Restoration of Roman school by Barocci & other artists, subjects of Roman state & foreigners |
| 5 scholars of Pietro da Cortona, from an injudicious imitation of their master, deteriorate art: Maratta & others support it |
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4 NEAPOLITAN SCHOOL
| 1 old masters |
| 2 Modern Neapolitan style, founded on schools of Raffaello & Michelangiolo |
| 3 Corenzio, Ribera, Caracciolo, flourish in Naples: Strangers who compete with them |
| 4 Luca Giordano, Solimene, & their scholars. |
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9  1933 Readings on Fascism & National Socialism Selected by members of department of philosophy, University of Colorado
by Various
47,190W 189 3:09. |
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6 History of Florence by Machiavelli 133,250W 533 8:52:54 234M
1
1 Northern invasion in Rome |
| 2 Visigoths |
| 3 Vandals |
| 4 Franks |
| 5 Burgundians |
| 6 Huns |
| 7 Angles |
| 8 Atilla |
| 9 Genseric |
| 10 Lombards |
11 Rome under Zeno |
| 12 Theodoric of Ostrogoths |
| 13 Changes in Empire |
| 14 New Languages |
| 15 New Names |
| 16 Belisarius |
| 17 Totila |
| 18 Narses |
| 19 Lombards change gove |
20 Papal Power |
| 21 Abuse of Censors & Indulgences |
| 22 Pepin helps Pope |
| 23 Charlemagne |
| 24 End of Lombards |
| 25 Cardinals |
| 26 German Power |
| 27 Pisa |
| 28 Berengarius |
29 Cardinals elect Pope |
| 30 Guelphs & Ghibellines |
| 31 Naples |
| 32 Urban 2 |
| 33 1st Crusade |
| 34 Knights |
| 35 Saladin |
| 36 Matilda |
| 37 Frederich Barbarossa |
| 38 Schism |
39 Italian State |
| 40 Este |
| 41 Guelphs & Ghibellines |
| 42 Frederick 2 |
| 43 Manfred |
| 44 Charles of Anjou |
| 45 Nicholas 3 |
| 46 Vespers |
| 47 Rodolph |
| 48 Jubilee |
| 49 Avignon |
| 50 Henry |
| 51 Florentines |
| 52 Duchy of Milan |
| 53 Maffeo Visconti |
| 54 1st Duke of Milan |
| 55 Louis |
| 56 John |
| 57 Venice |
| 58 Pope Vs Emperor |
59 Genoese Vs Venetians |
60 Schism |
| 61 Giovanni Galeazzo Visconti |
| 62 Annates |
| 63 Lombardy |
| 64 Terra Firma |
| 65 Pope Vs Rome |
| 66 Pisa |
| 67 Constance |
| 68 Filippo Visconti |
| 69 Naples |
| 70 Politics |
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2
1 Colonies |
| 2 Pop Increase & Health |
| 3 Florence |
| 4 Totila |
| 5 Fiesole |
| 6 Buondelmonti |
| 7 Guelphs & Ghibellines |
| 8 Factions come to terms |
9 Florence |
| 10 Military |
| 11 Ghibellines |
| 12 Guelphs |
| 13 Naples |
| 14 Farinata degli Uberti |
| 15 Trades' Companies |
| 16 Guido Novello |
| 17 Nicholas |
| 18 Charles of Naple |
| 19 New Governent in Florence |
20 Signory |
| 21 aretins |
| 22 Gonfalonier of Justice |
| 23 1st Gonfalonier |
| 24 Giano della Bella & Reform |
| 25 Dissensions |
| 26 Prosperi |
27 Cerchi Vs Donati |
| 28 Bianca & Nera factions in Pistoia |
| 29 Dante Alighieri |
| 30 Charles of Valois |
| 31 Great fire |
| 32 Attempt to restore emigrants |
| 33 Emigrants try to re-enter Florence |
34 Companies of people restored |
| 35 Ruin of Corso Donati, |
| 36 Emperor Henry Vs Florence |
| 37 War with Faggiuola |
| 38 War with Castruccio |
| 39 Emigrants try to enter city by force |
40 Squittini, Raymond of Cardona |
| 41 Charles Duke of Cambria |
| 42 Reform of Government |
| 43 Emperor at Rome |
| 44 Lucca |
| 45 Conspriacy of Bardi & Frescobaldi |
46 Maffeo da Marradi |
| 47 Duke of Athens as prince of Florence |
| 48 Duke of Athens proclaimed prince of Florence for life |
| 49 his Tyranny & Expulsion |
| 50 Reform of Government |
| 51 Guglielmo da Scesi & his Son |
52 Many subject cities & territories rebel |
| 53 City divided into quarters |
| 54 Nobility Vs People |
| 55 Government Reformed by People |
| 56 Riot |
| 57 Plague |
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3
1 Domestic discords of republics |
| 2 Discords of Rome Vs those in Florence |
| 3 Ricci Vs Albizzi |
| 4 Citizens address Signory |
| 5 Florence Vs Pope War |
| 6 Capitani di Parti Faction Vs 8 Commissioners of War Faction |
| 7 Guelphs Vs Salvestro de Medici |
8 Law against Nobi |
| 9 Luigi Guicciardini Gonfalonier tries to pacify People |
| 10 Plebeian Riot |
| 11 Woolen Art |
| 12 Plebeian Speech |
| 13 Measures against Plebeians |
| 14 Plebeians Vs Signory |
| 15 Michael di Lando Vs Plebeians |
| 16 His Character |
| 17 New rules for elections of Signory |
| 18 Confusion |
| 19 Piero degli Albizzi & Others put to death |
| 20 Florence Vs Charles of Durazzo |
| 21 Georgio Scali |
| 22 Confusion & Riots |
| 23 Government Reformed in opposition to Plebeians |
| 24 Florence purchases Arezzo |
25 War with Giovanni Galeazzo Duke of Milan |
| 26 Maso degli Albizzi Vs People & Veri de' Medici helps them |
| 27 Banished Florentines return & riot |
| 28 Conspiracy |
| 29 Vs Pisa |
| 30 Naples |
31 Cortona |
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4
| 1 License & Slavery defects in Republican Governments |
| 2 Giovanni di Bicci di' Medici |
| 3 Filippo visconti |
4 Duke of Milan defeats Florence |
5 Opposition to War |
| 6 Rinaldo Degli Albizzi advices restoration of Grandi but rejected |
| 7 Nobles Vs People |
8 Niccolo da Uzzano |
| 9 Giovanni de' Medici |
| 10 Biaggio del Melano |
| 11 Zanobi del Pino |
| 12 Lord of Faenza |
| 13 Florence & Venice |
| 14 Catasto |
| 15 Peace with Milan |
16 Catasto trouble |
| 17 Death of Giovanni de' Medici |
| 18 Insurrection of Volterra |
| 19 War with Lucca |
| 20 Astore Gianni & Rinaldo degli Albizzi as commissaries |
| 21 Seravezza appeals to Signory |
| 22 Rinaldo degli Albizzi |
23 Filippo Brunelleschi |
| 24 Pagolo Guinigi |
| 25 War with Milan & Loss of Lucchese |
| 26 Cosmo de' Medici |
| 27 Niccolo da Uzzano |
| 28 Divisions of Florentines |
| 29 Bernardo Guadagni |
| 30 Gonfalonier |
31 Cosmo arrested |
32 Cosmo banished to Padua |
| 33 Rinaldo degli Albizzi attempts to restore Nobility |
| 34 Rinaldo Vs Signory |
| 35 Pope Eugenius |
| 36 Cosmo recalled. |
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5 Romans
1  121
Lives of Twelve Caesars
by Suetonius Tranquillus 69-122
240,750W 963 16:02:35 440M
| 1 Julius Caesar |
| 2 Caesar Augustus |
| 3 Tiberius |
| 4 Caligula |
| 5 Nero |
| 6 Galba |
| 7 Otho |
| 8 Vitellius |
| 9 Vespasian |
| 10 Titus |
| 11 Domitian |
| 12 Lives of Eminent Gramarrians |
| 13 Lives of Eminent Rhetoricians |
| 14 Lives of Poets. |
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3  1901 Romulus fl 753 BC
by Jacob Abbott
989,000W 392 6:31:43 179M
| 1 Cadmus |
| 2 Cadmus's letters |
| 3 Story of Aeneas |
| 4 landing in Latium |
| 5 Rhea Silvia |
| 6 twins |
| 7 founding of Rome |
| 8 Organization |
| 9 Wives |
| 10 Sabine War. |
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4 1849 History of Julius Caesar
by Jacob Abbott
72,000W 288 4:47:40 131M
| 1 Marius & Sylla |
| 2 Caesar's Early years |
| 3 Advancement to
Conquest of Gaul |
| 4 Pompey |
| 5 Crossing Rubicon |
| 6 battle of Pharsalia |
| 7 Flight & death of Caesar in Egypt |
| 8 Caesar Imperator |
| 9 Conspiracy |
| 10 Assassination. |
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5 1904 Famous Men Rome
by John Haaren 1855-1916
69,500W 278 4:37:35 127M
| 1 Romulus |
| 2 Numa Pompilius |
| 3 Horatii |
| 4 Tarquins |
| 5 Junius Brutus |
| 6 Horatius |
| 7 Mucius Lef-Handed |
| 8 Coriolanus |
| 9 Fabii |
| 10 Cincinnatus |
| 11 Camillus |
| 12 Manlius Torquatus |
| 13 Appius Claudius Caesar |
| 14 Regulus |
| 15 Scipio Africanus |
| 16 Cato Censor |
| 17 Gracchi |
| 18 Marius |
| 19 Sulla |
| 20 Pompey Great |
| 21 Julius Caesar |
| 23 Cicero |
| 24 Augustus |
| 25 Nero |
| 26 Titan |
| 27 Trajan |
| 28 Marcus Aurelius |
| 29 Constantine Great |
| 30 End of Western Empire. |
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6 1881 Nero Makers of History Series
by Abbott, Jacob
60,490W 242 4:02
| 1 NERO'S MOTHER |
| 2 ASSASSINATION OF CALIGULA |
| 3 ACCESSION OF CLAUDIUS |
| 4 FATE OF MESSALINA |
| 5 CHILDHOOD OF NERO |
| 6 NERO AN EMPEROR |
| 7 BRITANNICUS |
| 8 FATE OF AGRIPPINA |
| 9 EXTREME DEPRAVITY |
| 10 PISO'S CONSPIRACY |
| 11 FATE OF CONSPIRATORS |
| 12 EXPEDITION INTO GREECE |
| 13 NERO'S END. |
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8 1908 Characters & events of Roman History
by Ferrero, Guglielmo
58,060W 232 3:52
| 1 "CORRUPTION" IN ANCIENT ROME, & ITS COUNTERPART IN MODERN HISTORY |
| 2 HISTORY & LEGEND OF ANTONY & CLEOPATRA |
| 3 DEVELOPMENT OF GAUL |
| 4 NERO |
| 5 JULIA & TIBERIUS |
| 6 WINE IN ROMAN HISTORY |
| 7 SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT OF ROMAN EMPIRE |
| 8 ROMAN HISTORY IN MODERN EDUCATION. |
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| 11 1594 Rape of Lucrecia 66.8 2:09:30. |
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Italy 
79
Saint Augustine 
426 City of God 
125 Enchiridion 
Marcus Tullius Cicero 
?
To Atticus 
Old Age
Tusculan Disputations 
Tacitus 
Works V1 
421 Agricola 
Germania 
Ovid 
8 Fasti 
Virgil 
? Eclogues 
Saint Ambrose 
Virginity 
Seneca 
Moral Letters V1
1894 History of Warfare of Science with Theology in Christendom 
1908 history of Christian church 
339 history of Christian church 
1815 New Conspiracy Against Jesuits Detected & Briefly Exposed with short account of their institute: & observations on danger of systems of education independent of religion 
1920 Religion & Science From Galileo to Bergson 
1909 Hymns of Christian Church 
25 BC Foundation of City V1 B1-2 
1894 Roman History of Ammianus Marcellinus During Reigns of Emperors Constantius, Julian, Jovianus, Valentinian, & Valens 
1904 History of Rome During Later Republic 
1921 History of Rome to 565 AD 
1921 Gracchi Marius & Sulla Epochs of Ancient History 
1764 Crimes & Punishments by Beccaria 
1849 History of Julius Caesar 
1908 Characters 
