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| Proto-Villanovan culture 1100s - 901 200s |
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900s |
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1000 - 800 200 1st settlements on Palatine Hill |
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Kingdom of Alba Longa
1169 - 650 509 |
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Kingdom of Alba Longa
1169 - 650 509 |
| ^ Numitor Rhea made Vestal Virgin |
| Rhea begets Romulus & Remus by Mars |
| Numitor captures Remus & identifies Romulus & Remus |
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750 Greek cities founded in Italy.
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Kingdom of Alba Longa
1169 - 650 509 |
| 675 Alba Longa Amphitheater |
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| 642 Sublicius Bridge Rome |
| 628 Temple of Hera Selinunte Founded |
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| 582 - 80 Juno Temple Agrigento |
| 550 - 30 Panionium Detail from Vucli |
| 509 Jupiter Optimus Maximus Temple Rome |
| 500s Apollo Temple Pompeii |
| 5 - 400s Hera Temple Campania |
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Etruscan Civilization
800 - 264 536
| 715 - 674 49 Etruscan civilization dominates region. |
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Etruscan Civilization
800 - 264 536
| 600 Etruscans built tombs of Cerveteri. |
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Etruscan Civilization
800 - 264 536
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- Cures 26 miles from Rome
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753 Rome founded by Romulus and Remus   |
| Senate of 100 Men created who create Patricians |
| Rome denied marraige rights by all surrounding towns |
| 752 Rape of Sabine women by Romans at festival of Neptune |
751 Sabines (Etruscans) attack Rome, breach gates & fight within Rome.
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| - Rome & Sabines Unite & Kings Romulus & Tacius rule together |
| Senate increased from 100 to 200 from Sabines |
| Comita Curiada 1st Citizens assembly made |
| 10 Curiae for Comita Curiada to Appoint & Legislate |
| Constitution made with 2 Kings, Patricians & Plebians all making laws |
| Legion increased to 6,000 |
| Tacius fights & killed by Lavinium & no revenge taken |
| 730 Romulus creates Calares 300 personal bodyguard |
| 753 Rome invades Alba Longa and kills their King |
740  Rome destroys Caenina |
| 750 Three Cavalry Centuries Made |
| 740 Rome defeats Fidenae |
| 735 Rome defeats Veii in Battle & Takes land |
| King dissapears in Cloud while watching troops & standing with Patricians |
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Kingdom of Rome
753 - 509 244
| 716 Image of God in form of man or beast made Illegal |
| 716 King disbands 300 personal bodyguard |
| 715 Temple of Janus built to show peace or war |
| 714 Cult of Terminus instigated to peacefully preserve borders |
| 713 Flamen of Quirinus for Jupiter office Created |
| 712 Flamen of Quirinus for Mars office Created |
| 713 Flamen of Quirinus for Romulus office Created |
| 711 Vestal Virgins moved from Alba Longa to Rome |
| 710 January & February Created |
| 709 Pontiff Office Created |
| 708 8 Priest Offices Created: curiones, flamines, celeres, augurs, vestals, salii, fetials, pontiffs |
| 707 Spolia Opima Ritual Created |
| 706 Indigitamenta Lists Created |
| 705 Occupational Guilds Created: musicians, goldsmiths, carpenters, dyers, shoemakers, skinners, braziers, and potters; and all other handicraftsmen |
| 651 Rome defeats Alba Longa |
| 650 Fidenae Revolts from Rome w/ help from Veii & is defeated |
| Metius Fufetius dismembered |
650 Rome destroys Alba Longa
- Sins of Rome 1954 |
| 650 Caelian Mount added to city |
| 650 Tullii, Servilii, Quintii, Geganii, Curiatii, Cloilii family from Alba Longa enrolled in Senate |
| 650 Created 10 Troops of horsemen & augmented army |
| 646 Rome Conqueres Laurentum. Greece. |
645 Battle of Meletiosa Wood    Rome VS Sabines |
| 643 Battle of Anio River Rome Vs Sabines |
641 1st Latine War
| 641 1st Formal Declaration of War 30 day warning |
| 641 Politorium Conquered & Destroyed |
| 641 Tellenae Conquered & Destroyed |
| 640 Ficana Conquered & Destroyed |
| 640 Medulia Beseiged & Conquered. Citizens moved to Rome. |
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| 639 Janiculum incorporated into city |
| 641 Siege of Politorium |
| 640 Battle for Silvia Arsia Rome seizes Silva Arsia from Etruscans of Veii |
638  1st Roman Bridge made Pons Sublicius |
637  1st Prison in Rome |
| 646 Rome Conqueres Laurentum |
| 635 Roman Territory extended to sea |
| Lucius Tarquinius moves to Rome |
| Tarquinius elected in landslide |
| Sons of Ancus Marcius go into exile |
| 616 100 new Senators from younger families created to make 300 |
| 615 Took Apioli by Storm |
615  Circus Maximus Created |
614 - 10 4 War with Sabines
| 614 1st Battle with Sabines |
| 614 Double Centuries to 1,800 in 3 centuries, switched to 6 centuries of 300. |
| 613 2nd Battle of Feiry Bridge w/ Sabines |
| 612 Invades Sabines & takes Collatia |
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611 - 06 5 Conqueres Latine Cities
| 611 Conqueres Old Feculium |
| 609 Conqueres Christomeria |
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605  Made Wall around City |
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Kingdom of Rome
753 - 509 244
| Servius Tullius adopted by King as child |
- 600 1st Sewer & Drained Swamps between hills
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| 583 Statues begin to be made |
| King assasinated by plot by Ancus Marcius' sons |
| Temple of Diana to signify Rome as Capital of Latium |
| Daughters of King Tulia marry sons of Tarquinius Priscus Ancus & Aruns |
| Two Royal Couples switch after Tulia kills Aruns and Lucius kills his wife & Tulia Marries Lucius |
| 571 Conquered Veiintians |
| 564 Vestal Virgens increased from 2 to 4 |
| 550 Completes city walls. Defined sacred boundary of Rome. Build Mound & Moats around city |
| 550 pomerium; first census at Circus Maximus. 80,000 Citizens who could bare arms. 35X2=70 Tribes. |
| 550 Added Quirinal, Viminal & Esquiline Hills to city |
| 549 Rome made official Capital of Latium with Temple of Ephesian Diana funded by all cities in Latium |
| 549 Graduated Tax system created. |
| Comita Curiada replaced by Comita Centuriada |
548 Reorganizes Army
- 1st Class: 100,000lbs+ Copper in property. 80 Centuries, 40 Junior fight on field & 40 Senior defend city. Round Sheild, Greaves, Helmet, Spear, Sword, Mail. Had 2 Centuries of Carpenters w/out arms to work engines of war
- 2nd Class: 75-100,000 lbs - 20 Centuries. No mail, Oblong Sheild.
- 3rd Class 50-75,000 lbs - 20 Centuries. 10 Senior & 10 Junior. No Greaves.
- 4th Class 25-50,000 lbs - 20 Centuries. Only had spear & Javelin
- 5th Class 11-25,000 lbs - 30 Centuries. Slings & Stones. Had 3 Centuries of Trumpeters & Hornblowers
- 6th Class <11,000 lbs - One Century. Except from Service |
548 Reorganized Cavalry
- 1st Class: 12 Centuries Paid 10,000 lbs
- 2nd Class: 6 Centuries. Paid 10,000 lbs |
| 547 Changed Voting so only knights could vote. If higher classes can't agree they bring in lower classes to break balance. Seldom happened. |
| 533 King stops advising with Senate |
509 Overthrow of Etruscan kings and destruction of monarchy by L. Junius Brutus.
| 515 Gabii Peacefully Annexed |
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| 520 Takes Suessa Pometia |
| 534 Peace Treaty with Aequi |
| 514 Seats around Circus Maximus |
| 525 Princes Aruns & Titus & King's Nephew Brutus go to Delphi to interprete King's dream |
| 514 Subterranian Sewer Built |
| 509 Rome takes Ardea of Rutulians |
| Political opponents executed without trial |
| Council of Latium: Tarquin appears late & it critisized by a man who is framed for treason & executed without trial |
| Prince Sextus goes to Colatinus' house for party & rapes his wife Lucretia who commits suicide for shame |
| Coup & whole Royal Family banned from Rome |
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| 1000 Talaiot Megaliths Serbia |
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1100 - 800 300 Dark Age of Greece |
| 900 BC - AD 100 Delos general |
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Archaic Period of Greece
800 - 500 300 |
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| - 900 Dorian migration to Aegean islands, Asia Minor (area around Rhodes), and through Peloponnesus. |
- 884 - 34 50 Homers estimated life |
| - 800 Emergence of Greek city-states, including Athens, Thebes and Megara. |
| 8 - 600s Chalcis-Negroponte by Giacomo Franco |
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| 753 Perpetual archonship was limited to 10 years. Started when Alcmaeon died. |
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| 800 - 700 Aristocratic Republics begin to replace Monarchies |
| 776 BCE - 393 CE 1169 Ancient Olympic Games in Greece. retrospectively set as first Olympiad. history Olympic Games is believed to reach as far back as 1200's BC. |
| 700 Homer's epic poems first set down in writing |
| 700 Hesiod composes his Theogony, Works and Days, and other poems |
700's 1st Mention of Iberia
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700s BC - 300s AD Olympia
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| 600s Larissa founded in argos |
685 - 68 17 2nd Messenian War
| 682 Battle of Great Foss. Greece. |
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Annual Archons
683 BCE - 275 CE 408 |
- From different political parties. Lasted until 275 AD under Roman Empire and then was subject to Byzantium followed by Ottomans.
| 600 Chaeronea-Lion of Chaerone in Boatian League |
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| 626 Suggestion Earth is Round by Thales, 1st of 7 sages of Greece |
| 668 Pyramid of Hellinikon Tomb of Argives |
| 650 Thasos-Alyki Quarries City Founded |
| 600s - 318 Ancient Olynthos Chalkidiki |
| 600s Sicyon Theatre Gains Independence Sikyon |
| 600s Samothrace Temple Complex Samothraki Hieron |
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Kingdom of Athens
1556 - 508 1548
| 595 - 85 10 1st Sacred War between Amphictyonic League of Delphi and city of Kirrha. |
| 594 Solon became Athens' chief magistrate. He established Council of 400 and made other legal reforms designed to give citizens more voice. |
| 585 Thales Founder of school of philosophy in Miletus, is first to present a rational explanation of cosmos (namely, that all things are made of moisture). |
| 573 - 235 Nemean games Nemea |
| 612 - 570 42 Sappho famous female lyric poet from isle of Lesbos. |
| 566 Panathenaic festivals Established |
| 620 - 564 56 Aesop |
| 552 Temple of Diana built at Ephesus. |
| 600 - 550 Maroneia Ancient Theater Marwneia Rhodope Greece panoramic |
| fl 549 Thespis Greek poet and tragedian. |
| 546 Persian invasion and conquest of Greek territories through out Asia Minor. |
| 536 Pythagoras discovered forty-seventh problem, multiplication table and suggested ideas of which Copernican system was full development. |
| 534 According to tradition, Thespis becomes first actor by reciting poetry as characters in poem. |
| 530 Pythagoras Mathematician and philosopher, and his followers found city of Croton. Their community is based on philosophy, literature, and political activity. |
547 - 27 20 Pisistratus ruler of Athens. He establishes festivals, builds temples and fountains, and encourages growth of olives for export.
| 544 1st Public Library at Athens collected poems of Homer, by Pisistratus |
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| 525 Greek Drama begins to grow out of Dionysian festivals, especially with plays of Aeschylus. |
| 510s Thebes Boeotia fights Athens for 1stX |
| 510 Athens drove out tyrant Hippias, ^ Pisistratus supported by Cleomenes I, King of Sparta and his forces . Cleisthenes and Isagoras struggle for power. |
| 508 Cleisthenes flees Athens as Spartan troops approach to assist Isagoras, and Isagoras becomes ruler of Athens. |
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Democracy of Athens
508 - 86 422
| 6 - 300s Gortyn Law Code Gortyn Louvre |
| 500s - 167 Necromanteion-Basement of Necromanteion Periander consultion to Destruction by Romans |
| 500s Paleopolis founded, Andros |
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Kingdom of Sparta
1490 - 146 1344
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Kingdom of Sparta
1490 - 146 1344
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Kingdom of Sparta
1490 - 146 1344
| 740 1st Messenian War between Messenia and Sparta |
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Kingdom of Sparta
1490 - 146 1344 |
| 669 Argos defeats Sparta for last time, this time using a Phalanx, at battle of Hysiae. |
| 650 Sparta was reorganized by Lycurgus, who made aristocratic city into an oligarchy based on warfare. |
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Kingdom of Sparta
1490 - 146 1344
| 560 - 20 40 Anaxandridas 2 |
| 560 Tegea Conquered by Sparta |
| 546 Battle of 300. |
| 500 Sparta dominated Peloponnese region of southern Greece |
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