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1000
400s
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
300s
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
100s
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
000s
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Callaeci 500? - 25 475?
Lusitania
24 BC -
Celtici 500? - 219 261?  
Celtici 500? - 219 261?  
Lusitani 500? - 219 261?  
  Callaeci 450 - 260 190  
Astures 500? - 25 475?  
Turdetani 530 - 219 291  
Turduli 530 - 219 291  
Bastenati 500 - 219 261  
Celtibiri 500s - 219 300?  
Contestani 500? - 219 261?  
Edetani 500? - 219 261?  
Ilercavones 500? - 219 261?  
Oretani 500? - 219 261?  
  Autrigones 400 - 25 375  
  Berones 400 - 25 375  
  Cantabri 350? - 25 325  
  Caristii 350? - 25 325  
  Lacetani 350? - 25 325?  
  Llergetae 350? - 25 325?  
  Turmodigi 290 - 25 265  
  Vacaei 290 - 25 265  
  Vascones 290 - 25 265  
  Verdulii 290 - 25 265  
  Vettones 290 - 25 265  
  Carpetani
250 - 219
31
 
 
Roman Province of Hispania Citerior 197 - 27 170
 
 
Roman Province of Hispania Ulterior 197 - 27 170
 
B
 
Etruscan Confederation 800 - 264 556
Arretium 0 - 0 0
Caisra 0 - 0 0
Clevsin 0 - 0 0
Curtun 0 - 0 0
Parusia 0 - 0 0
Pupluna 0 - 0 0
Terracina 0 - 0 0
Veii 0 - 0 0
Vetluna 0 - 0 0
Volterra 0 - 0 0
Velzna 0 - 0 0
Velch 0 - 0 0
 
502
20 20 20 20 24 20 20 20 20 26
Rome in Latium 509 - 387 122
14 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 16
Expansion in Italy 387 - 272 115
16
Peace 72-64
20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 16
Punic Wars & expansion in Mediterranean
264 - 146
118
20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 12
Social troubles & 1st civil war
146 - 60 86
3 3
Triumvirates
60 - 27 33
Roman Republic 509 BCE - 27 CE 482
Augustus
Empire
27 BC - 475 502
Latin League 650 - 338 312
 
Umbria 500s - 260 300
Aequi 0 - 0 0
Hernicii 0 - 0 0
Marsi 0 - 0 0
Sabines 0 - 0 0
Sevines 0 - 0 0
Peligni 0 - 0 0
Praetulii 0 - 0 0
Umbrians 0 - 0 0
Vestini 0 - 0 0
Volsci 0 - 0 0
 
Messapia 500s - 260 300
Dauni 0 - 0 0
Messapians 0 - 0 0
Peucetti 0 - 0 0
 
Venetia 500s - 260 300
Carni 0 - 0 0
Histri 0 - 0 0
Liburnia 0 - 0 0
Seceuses 0 - 0 0
West 0 - 0 0
South 0 - 0 0
East 0 - 0 0
Peucetti 0 - 0 0
   
Iolian Islands
   
Liguria
   
South Picente
   
Oscia
Aurunci
Brutium
Bruttii
Crotone
Oenotria
Reggio
Scolacium
Campanians 500s - 260 300
Frentani
Lucania
Attenani 0 - 0 0
Bantini 0 - 0 0
Eburini 0 - 0 0
Grumentini 0 - 0 0
Numestrani 0 - 0 0
Potentini 0 - 0 0
Sontini 0 - 0 0
Sirini 0 - 0 0
Ursentini 0 - 0 0
Volcentani 0 - 0 0
Marucini
Samnia
Caraceni
Caudini
Hirpinia
Pentri
Sidicinia
 
Sardinia
Balari
Euthicani
Giddilitani
Lucuidonenses
Nuretani
Corsi
Iolei
Aconiti
Æchilenenses
Æsaronenses
Beronicensi
Carenses
Celsitani
Coracenses 0 - 0 0
Corpisenses 0 - 0 0
Cunusitani 0 - 0 0
Galillenses 0 - 0 0
Lucuidonenses 0 - 0 0
Maltamonenses 0 - 0 0
Moddoli 0 - 0 0
Neapolitani 0 - 0 0
Noritani 0 - 0 0
Nurenses 0 - 0 0
Parati 0 - 0 0
Rucensi 0 - 0 0
Salcitani 0 - 0 0
Scapitani 0 - 0 0
Semilitenses 0 - 0 0
Siculesi 0 - 0 0
Solcitani 0 - 0 0
Sossitani 0 - 0 0
Tibulati 0 - 0 0
Uddadhaddari 0 - 0 0
Valentini 0 - 0 0
Lestrigoni
   
Sicelia 0 - 0 0
Elymia 0 - 0 0
Sicani 0 - 0 0
Sicels 0 - 0 0
Longonensi
   
 
   
North Picente
   
 
   
 
   
 
   
 
   
Illyrian Kingdom 700 - 167 533
   
Epirus
   
 
   
 
   
 
   
Macedonia
   
Rise to Power
508 - 448
60
Hegem.
448-30 48
Pel-War
431-04
P 2nd Ath. League
395 - 55 40
Leag Cor, LWar
355 - 22 33
Hellenistic Period 322 - 86 236 Roman Athens
86 - 330 416
Athens
Kingdom of Sparta 1490 - 146 1344
 
Eleans, W Peloponesus
   
Messenians, W Peloponesus
   
Argolis, W Peloponesus
   
Thessaly , Thessalonica
   
Locrians
   
Phocis
   
Boetia
   
Arcadia
   
Laconia
   
Euboa
   
Acarnania
   
Aetolia
   
Crete
   
Sporades Islands
   
Cyclades Islands
   
Arcadia
   
Lesbos Island
   
400s
300s
200s
100s
000s
   
200s Évora Temple Portugal
 
Roman Province of Lusitania
24 BC - 298 AD
322
@ Emerita Augusta (Mérida, Spain), Scalabis Iulia (Santarém, Portugal) & Pax Iulia (Beja, Portugal)
400s
300s
200s
100s
000s
000s mi Mérida Aqueduct Bridge
000s Segovia Aqueduct Bridge
Balaric Islands
 
219 Battle of Saguntum
215  Battle of Dertosa Hannibal famously crushed Roman legions at the.
Roman Province of
Hispania Citerior

197 - 27 170
-
187 Aemilia Road Bologna
118 Domitia Road Bridge
Roman Province of
Hispania Citerior

197 - 27 170
-
80  Battle of Baetis River
Roman Province of
Hispania Tarraconensis

27 BC - 293 AD 320
@ Tarraco (Tarragona)
27 Carthago Nova Amphitheater Cartagena
27 BC - 14 AD Tarragona Aqueduct Bridge
27 BC - 14 AD Ferreres Aqueduct
25 Emerita Augusta Amphitheater Merida
19 Hispania Roads 
19 6c Temple
49 mi Battle of Llerda
45 Battle of Munda
     
Roman Province of
Hispania Ulterior

197 - 27 170
-
Roman Province of
Hispania Ulterior

197 - 27 170
-
Roman Province of Baetica
14 BC - 400s
400s
@ Conventus Gaditanus (Gades, Cádiz), Cordubensis (Cordoba), Astigitanus (Astigi, Écija), Hispalensis (Hispalis, Seville).
400s
300s
200s
100s
000s
         
400s
300s
200s
100s
000s
Etruscan Confederation
800 - 264
556
474 Battle of Cumae Syracusans under Hiero 1 defeat Etruscans & end Etruscan expansion in southern Italy.
437 death of Volumnius, Etruscan ruler, in Veii
Etruscan Confederation
800 - 264
556
300s Romans conquer Abruzzi region, decline of Etruscan civilization.
396 Rome captures & sacks Etruscan city of Veii after a 10-year siege, final assault was conducted by Marcus Furius Camillus
Etruscan Confederation
800 - 264
556



 
Cicalpine Gaul of Strabo

Republic of Rome
509 - 27 482
Patrician Era
509 - 367
142
400s She-wolf suckles Romulus & Remus
400s Apollo Temple Sosianus Rome
499 T. Aebutius Elva
498 Q. Cloelius Siculus
497 A. Sempronius Atratinus
497 Saturn Temple Rome
496 A. Postumius Albus Regillensis
1st Dictator for Battle of Lake Regillus Lucius Postumus
496 Battle of Lake Regillus: A legendary early Roman Victory, won over either Etruscans or Latins.Rome defeats Leono & Phippy Etruscan-led Latin League at battle of Lake Regillus
495 nt Castor & Pollux Temple Rome
495 Rome invades Volscia but they give 300 hostages for peace
494 Two tribunes of plebs & two plebeian aediles are elected for first time in Rome: office of tribunate is established.
493 Coriolanus captures Volscian town of Corioli for Rome.
492 T. Geganius Macerinus
491 M. Minucius Augurinus 2
490 Q. Sulpicius Camerinus Cornutus
489 C. Iulius Iullus
488 Sp. Nautius Rutilus
488 Corioli Recaptured by Volsci w/ help from Coriolanus
488 Lavinium Recaptured by Volsci lead by Coriolanus
487 T. Sicinius (Sabinus?)
486 Sp. Cassius Vscellinus3
485 Ser. Cornelius Maluginensis
484 L. Aemilius Mamercus
483 - 79 4 M. Fabius Vbulanus
480 Roman troops march against Veientines.
480 Battle of Himera Carthaginians under Hamilcar defeated by Greeks of Sicily, led by Gelon
478 L. Aemilius Mamercus2
477 C. Horatius Pulvillus
476 A. Verginius Tricostus Rutilus
475 P. Valerius Poplicola
474 L. Furius Medullinus
474 Aragonese Castle
473 L. Aemilius Mamercus3
472 L. Pinarius Mamercinus Rufus
471 Ap. Claudius Sabinus
471 Plebeians allowed to organize by Tribe, reorganization of Plebeian Council from Curia to Tribe.
470 L. Valerius Potitus2
469 T. Numicius Priscus
468 T. Quinctius Capitolinus Barbatus2
468 Antium captured by Roman forces.
467 Ti. Aemilius Mamercus2
466 Q. Servilius (Structus) Priscus2
465 Q. Fabius 6bulanus2
464 A. Postumius Albinus Regillensis
463 P. Servilius Priscus
462 L. Lucretius Tricipitinus
461 P. Volumnius Amintinus Gallus
460 P. Valerius Poplicola2
480 - 60 Crotone Coin
459 Q. Fabius 6bulanus3
459 college of tribune of Plebs is raised from two to ten tribunes
458 C. Nautius Rutilus2
458 Cincinnatus named dictator of Roman Republic in order to defend it against Aequi. Sixteen days later, after defeating invaders at Battle of Mons Algidus , he resigns & returns to his farm.
457 C. Horatius Pulvillus2
456 M. Valerius Maximus Lactuca
455 T. Romilius Rocus Vaticanus
454 Sp. Tarpeius Montanus Capitolinus
453 Sex. Quinctilius
452 T. Menenius Lanatus
451 Ap. Claudius Crassinus Inregillensis Sabinus
451 12 Tables of Law
451 death of Verginia, legendary Victim of decemviri
451 Decemviri:
450 Decemviri:
450 Morgantina
449 Decemviri:
449 L. Valerius Potitus
449 suicide of Appius Claudius, former decemviri
449 suicide of Spurius Oppius, former decemviri
449 MI Plebeian Council resolutions ("plebiscites") given full force of law over Plebeians & Patricians, but still subject to Senate veto; Decemviri publish Twelve Tables of Roman law
445 M. Genucius Augurinus
445 Marriage between patricians & plebeians allowed
444 Consular Tribunes
444 L. Papirius Mugillanus
443 M. Geganius Macerinus2
443 office of consul is replaced by an assembly of military tribune with consular powers, Tribuni militum consulari potestate for this year.
443 Office of Censor created. Duties of Censor were Consular duties until this point, where consuls are replaced.
442 M. Fabius 6bulanus
441 C. Furius Pacilus Fusus
440 Proc. Geganius Macerinus
439 Agrippa Menenius Lanatus
439 Cincinnatus again becomes dictator of Roman Republic; during his term he defeats Volsci.
439 According to legend, Gaius Servilius Ahala saves Rome from Spurius Maelius.
438 Consular Tribunes: Mam. Aemilius Macerinus & L. Quinctius Cincinnatus
437 M. Geganius Macerinus3
436 L. Papirius Crassus
435 - 4 2 C. Iulius Iullus2
434 Consular Tribunes: Ser. Cornelius Cossus & M. Manlius Capitolinus
432 Consular Tribunes: L. Pinarius Mamercus & L. Furius Medullinus
431 T. Quinctius Pennus Cincinnatus
421 Number of quaestors raised from 2 to 4; office opened to plebeians
420 Consular Tribunes:
419 Consular Tribunes:
418 Consular Tribunes:
417 Consular Tribunes:
416 Consular Tribunes:
415 Consular Tribunes:
414 Consular Tribunes:
413 A. Cornelius Cossus2
412 Q. Fabius 6bulanus Ambustus
411 M. Papirius Mugillanus (or Atratinus?)
410 M. Aemilius Mamercinus
410 - 340 70 2nd Sicilian War
409 Cn. Cornelius Cossus
409 Battle of Himera Carthaginians under Hamilcar defeated by Greeks of Sicily, led by Gelon
409 Battle of Selinus
408 - 394 Consular Tribunes
408
406 Soldiers first paid in Rome
405
405 Battle of Gela
405 Sack of Camarina
404
403
402
401
400
428 Greek colony of Cumae in Italy falls to Samnites
Republic of Rome
509 - 27 482
Patrician Era
509 - 367
142
399
398
398 nt Siege of Motya A legendary early Roman Victory, won over either Etruscans or Latins.Rome defeats Leono & Phippy Etruscan-led Latin League at battle of Lake Regillus
397
397 Battle of Messene: A legendary early Roman Victory, won over either Etruscans or Latins.Rome defeats Leono & Phippy Etruscan-led Latin League at battle of Lake Regillus
396 1st Salary for Soldiers
390s Labicana Road Arco di Gallieno Rome
395
394
393 L. Valerius Potitus Poplicola
392 L. Valerius Potitus Poplicola 2
391 - 76 15 Consular Tribunes
391 Office of Tribuni militum consulari potestate replaces office of consul
389 mi Battle of Elleporus River Gauls defeat Roman army at the; sack of Rome by Gauls
387 nt Battle of Allia Gauls defeat Roman army at the; sack of Rome by Gauls
389 o
388 o
387 o
386 o
386 Siege of Rhegium Gauls defeat Roman army at the; sack of Rome by Gauls
385 o
384 o
383 o
383 Sutrium Amphitheater Sutri Italy
382 o
381 o
381 BC - 1191 Tusculum Annexxed to Rome to abandomment
380 o
379 o
378 o
377 o
376 o
375 - 1 4 Anarchy years: no magistrates elected
400 - 375 Villa Romana del Casale Bikinimaedchen
370 - 67 3 Consular Tribunes
370 o
369 o
368 o
367 o
End of Conflict of Orders
367 - 287
80
300s Concord Temple Rome
367 Office of consul replaces Tribuni militum consulari potestate for last time.
366 L. Aemilius Mamercinus
366 Patricians agree to allow Plebeian Consuls to be elected (the first being Lucius Sextius Sextinus). By this, Plebeians acquire de facto right to be elected Censor or appointed Dictator. As a concession, Plebeians allow Patricians to create offices of Praetor & Curule Aedile, & allow only Patricians to run for these offices.
365 L. Genucius Aventinensis
364 C. Sulpicius Peticus
363 Cn. Genucius Aventinensis
362 Q. Servilius Ahala2
361 C. Licinius Stolo
360 M. Fabius Ambustus
360 Theater of Tholos Epidauros
343 - 1 2 1st Samnite War Rome withdraws from conflict with Samnites
342 Q. Servilius Ahala3
342 Lex Genucia passed: no man can hold same office before 10 years have elapsed from first election
342 2nd Law passed, disallowing any man from holding two offices at once.
341 C. Plautius Venno (or Venox)2
340 T. Manlius Imperiosus Torquatus3
340 - 38 2 2nd Latin War on side of Samnites.
340 Battle of Trifanum
340 Battle of Vesuvius
339 mi Battle of Mount Gaurus
339 Battle of Suessula
339 Battle of Crimissus River
339 Ti. Aemilius Mamercinus
339 Law passed (the lex Publilia) which requires election of one Plebeian censor for each five year term.
338 L. Furius Camillus
338 Latin War. Latin League dissolved, & territory placed under Roman control.
337 C. Sulpicius Longus
337 Elected first non-patrician Praetor (Q. Publilius Philo).
336 L. Papirius Crassus
335 M. Atilius Regulus Calenus
334 Sp. Postumius Albinus Caudinus
333 Dictator: P. Cornelius Rufinus
332 Cn. Domitius Calvinus
331 C. Valerius Potitus
331 Battle of Pandosia
330 L. Papirius Crassus2
329 L. Aemilius Mamercinus Privernas2
328 P. Plautius Proculus
327 L. Cornelius Lentulus
327 - 04 23 2nd Samnite War
327 Capture of Neapolis
326 C. Poetelius Libo Visolus 3
325 L. Furius Camillus 2
324 Dictator: L. Papirius Cursor
323 C. Sulpicius Longus 2
322 Q. Fabius Maximus Rullianus
321 T. Veturius Calvinus 2
320 L. Papirius Cursor 2
319 L. Papirius Cursor 3
318 M. Folius Flaccinator
317 C. Iunius Bubulcus Brutus
316 Sp. Nautius Rutilus
315 L. Papirius Cursor 4
315 - 07 8 mi 3rd Sicilian War
314 M. Poetelius Libo
313 L. Papirius Cursor 5
312 M. Valerius Maximus Corvus
312 1st Roman military road "Appian Way" 350 mile long Appius Claudius
312 Lazio - Via Appia Antica
312 Appia Aqueduct
312 Appian Road Brindisi Colonna end
311 C. Iunius Bubulcus Brutus3
311 Etruscans join Samnites against Rome.
311 Battle of Himera Carthaginians under Hamilcar defeated by Greeks of Sicily, led by Gelon
311 Arretium Amphitheater Italy Conquered by Rome
310 Q. Fabius Maximus Rullianus2
309 Dictator: L. Papirius Cursor
308 P. Decius Mus2
307 Ap. Claudius Caecus
306 Q. Marcius Tremulus
306 Hernici Revolt against Rome (Livy ix. 42).
305 L. Postumius Megellus
308 - 4 4 2nd Samnite war   Rome vs Umbrians, Picentini, & Marsians. New colonies & control of much of C & S Italy
305 Battle of Bovianum Samnite defeat & end of main Samnite resistance
304 P. Sempronius Sophus
304 Aequi defeated
300 Lex Ogulnia priesthoods opened to plebeians
Republic of Rome
509 - 27 482
Conflict of Orders
367 - 287
80
298 - 90 8 3rd Samnite War Samnites, seizing their chance when Rome is engaged on Lombard plain, start third Samnite War with a collection of mercenaries from Gaul & Sabine & Etruscan allies to help them.
298 L. Cornelius Scipio Barbatus
298 Roman armies penetrate into heart of Samnite territory & then capture Samnite cities of Taurasia, Bovianum Vetus & Aufidena
298 Agathocles, king of Syracuse, assists Italian Greeks against Bruttians & supported Greeks against Romans.
298 Ptolemy gives his stepdaughter Theoxena in marriage to Agathocles, tyrant of Syracuse (in south-eastern Sicily).
298 Romans capture Samnite cities of Taurasia, Bovianum Vetus & Aufidena.
297 Q. Fabius Maximus Rullianus 4
297 Tifernum Consul Fabius Maximus Rullianus defeats Samnites near (Liv. 10.14)
296 L. Volumnius Flamma 6olens2
296 nt Bellona Temple Rome
295 Q. Fabius Maximus Rullianus V
295 Suasa Founded
295 Suasa Amphitheater
294 L. Postumius Megellus2
294 Rusellae Amphitheater Captured by Romans
293 L. Papirius Cursor
293 Time 1st divided into hours by a sundial of L. Papirius, Cursor at Rome.
292 Q. Fabius Maximus Gurges
291 L. Postumius Megellus3
291 Romans storm Samnite city of Venusia
290 P. Cornelius Rufinus
Supremacy of New Nobility
287 - 133
154
289 M. Valerius Maximus Corvus2
288 Q. Marcius Tremulus2
287 M. Claudius Marcellus
287 Last Plebeian Secession; Senate loses veto power over Plebeian Council (through Lex Hortensia), Conflict of Orders ends.
286 M. Valerius Maximus (Corvus3 or Potitus?)
286 di Porta Cappuccina Bridge Becomes Fedrated City in Rome
286 Tiburtina Bridge Lucano 1850
285 C. Claudius Canina
284 C. Servilius Tucca
284 Battle of Arretium Rome defeats Etruscans & Boii (a Gallic tribe)
283 P. Cornelius Dolabella
283 Battle of Lake Vadimo Rome defeats Etruscans & Boii (a Gallic tribe)
282 C. Fabricius Luscinus
282 Battle of Populonia Rome defeats Etruscans & Boii (a Gallic tribe)
281 L. Aemilius Barbula
281 Mounting tensions between Rome & Tarentum. Tarentum appeals to Pyrrhus of Epirus for aid.
280 P. Valerius Laevinus
280 MI Italy dell'Abbadia Bridge Conquered Etruscans
260 1st Roman fleet built.
260 Segesta Conquered by Rome
246 - 1 5 1st Punic War ends in Carthaginian defeat. Rome demands large reparations, & annexes Sicily & Corsica
Hannibal 1960
Scipio Africanus: Defeat of Hannibal 1939
Cabiria 1910

245 M. Fabius Buteo
244 A. Manlius Torquatus Atticus
243 C. Fundanius Fundulus
242 C. Lutatius Catulus
242 Office of Praetor peregrinus created
241 A. Manlius Torquatus Atticus 2
241 mi Egadi Islands
241 Following defeat of Carthage, Sicily becomes first Roman province
241 BCE - 476 CE 227 Roman Province of Sicilia @ Siracusa, Sicily
240 C. Claudius Centho
239 C. Mamilius Turrinus
238 Ti. Sempronius Gracchus
238 Tibur Amphitheater Roman Citizens
238 Cagliari Amphitheater Caralis Under Roman Rule
238 mi Truceless War with Carthage
238 - 456 694 Provinces of Corsica & Sardinia
237 L. Cornelius Lentulus Caudinus
236 P. Cornelius Lentulus Caudinus
235 T. Manlius Torquatus
234 L. Postumius Albinus
1 234 - 149 85
Cato 20 15:56
233 Q. Fabius Maximus Verrucosus
232 M. Aemilius Lepidus
231 M. Pomponius Matho
230 M. Aemilius Barbula
200s Lupiae Amphitheater Lecce
229 L. Postumius Albinus2
228 Sp. Carvilius Maximus Ruga2
227 P. Valerius Flaccus
227 Number of quaestors raised from 6 to 8; number of praetors raised from 2 to 4
226 M. Valerius Maximus Messalla
225 L. Aemilius Papus
225 Battle of Faesulae
225 Battle of Telamon Rome defeats invading Gallic army
221 Hannibal of Carthage defeated Romans
220 M. Valerius Laevinus
220 Flaminia Road Carsulae San Damiano
220 Flaminia Cagli Bridge Mallio Marche
219 L. Aemilius Paullus
218 P. Cornelius Scipio
218 Battle of Cissa
218 - 02 16 2nd Punic War
- Hannibal 1960
- Scipio Africanus: Defeat of Hannibal 1939
- Cabiria 1910
218 Battle of River Trebia Rome is defeated at .
218 Battle of Ticinus Rome is defeated
218 Battle of Lilybaeum
217 Cn. Servilius Geminus
217 Battle of Ager Falernus
217 Battle of Geronium
217 mi Battle of Lake Trastimene
216 C. Terentius Varro
216 Battle of Cannae Hannibal famously crushed Roman legions at the.
215 M. Claudius Marcellus 2
215 Battle of Cornus Hannibal famously crushed Roman legions at the.
215 2nd Battle of Nola Hannibal famously crushed Roman legions at the.
214 Q. Fabius Maximus Verrucosus 4
214 - 05 9 1st Macedonian War Romans unsuccessful
213 Q. Fabius Maximus
214 - 2 2 Siege of Syracuse, Rome captures city
212 Q. Fulvius Flaccus3
212 Syracuse Amphitheater Conquered by Rome
211 Cn. Fulvius Centumalus Maximus
210 M. Claudius Marcellus 4
209 Q. Fabius Maximus Verrucosus V
208 M. Claudius Marcellus V
207 C. Claudius Nero
206 L. Veturius Philo
205 P. Cornelius Scipio Africanus
204 Battle of Crotona
204 M. Cornelius Cethegus
204 - 2 2 Scipio Africanus Major invades Africa
203 Cn. Servilius Caepio
203 mi Po Valley Raid
202 M. Servilius Pulex Geminus
202 Battle of Zama Hannibal recalled & defeated
202 Carthage's territories reduced to city itself, & crippling reparations are demanded by Rome.
Republic of Rome
509 - 27 482
Supremacy of New Nobility
287 - 133
154
174 nt Streets of Rome Paved
170 1st Public Bakery
167 Rome takes Illyria
167 Concord Temple Rome
161 Jews signed a treaty with Romans. first treaty with Jews on record.
150 - 100 50 Romans meet Germans
149 - 6 3 3rd Punic War
- Carthage in Flames 1959
148 Sp. Postumius Albinus Magnus
148 Postumia Road Italy reconstructed
147 P. Cornelius Scipio Africanus Aemilianus
146 Cn. Cornelius Lentulus
146 Carthiage was taken by Scipio & became a part of Rome.
148 Macedonia becomes a Roman providence.
146 Corinth destroyed by Romans
146 Greece became a Province under name of Athens.
146 Greek city-states become part of Roman Empire
135 - 2 3 1st Servile War
134 P. Cornelius Scipio Africanus Aemilianus2
134 - 3 1 Battle of Numantia
From Gracchi to Caesar
133 - 49
86
106 - 43 Cicero Roman orator & philosopher
157 - 86 71 Gaius Marius General, Politician
110s mi Aulus Metellus, found near Perugia, is made. It is now kept at Museo Archeologico Nazionale, Florence.
35 mi Segestani attacked by Romans
104 - 100 4 2nd Servile War
197 mi Quaestors raised 8 - 12
mi Praetors raised 4 - 6
180 Lex Villia annalis minimum ages for cursus honorum offices
2 years between offices
149 Lex Calpurnia extortion court 
133 Tiberius Gracchus tribune murdered after securing agrarian reform
121 Rome acquires province of Transalpine Gaul & safe land route to Hispania
121 Senate approves first Senatus consultum de re publica defenda to deal with threat of Violence started by tribune Gaius Gracchus
3 116 - 27 89
Marcus Varro 235 3:16
107 mi Marian reforms Legions. Elected consul for promise to end war in a year
106 Gaius Marius elected consul a second time, & in absentia, to continue Jugurthine War
105 Battle of Arausio invading tribe of Cimbri inflict a major defeat on Roman army in the
104 - 2 2 Gaius Marius elected consul for three years in a row
102 Battle of Aquae Sextiae Consular armies under Gaius Marius defeat Teutons
100 Gaius Marius elected consul for a 6th time.
100 Political scandal surrounding Lucius Appuleius Saturninus forces Gaius Marius to retire from public life.
100 BC - 300 AD Mithraeum Temple London England
100 BC - 1874  Salario Bridge
100 BC - 1957 Pietra Bridge Construction
100s nt Hercules Temple Victor Rome
6 100 - 44 56
Caesar
5 732 10:11
Republic of Rome
509 - 27 482
From Gracchi to Caesar
133 - 49
86
99 M. Antonius
7 99 - 55 BC 44
Carus
339 4:42
98 Q. Caecilius Metellus Nepos
97 Cn. Cornelius Lentulus
96 Cn. Domitius Ahenobarbus
95 L. Licinius Crassus
94 C. Coelius Caldus
93 C. Valerius Flaccus
92 C. Claudius Pulcher
92 Lucullus invades Armeniasetting off centuries long Roman-Persian Wars.
90s Civitas Amphitheater Camunnorum Italy
91 L. Marcius Philippus
91 - 88 3 Social wars last rebellion of Italian nations against Rome
90 L. Iulius Caesar
89 - 5 4 1st Mithridatic War against Mithridates 6 of Pontus
89 Cn. Pompeius Strabo
89 mi Battle of Fucine Lake
89 Battle of Asculum
89 Herculaneum Bathhouse Floor
88 L. Cornelius Sulla Felix
88 - 7 1 Sulla's 1st civil war
88 mi Battle of Amnias River
88 Sulla crosses pomerium with his legions & invades Rome
87 Cn. Octavius
86 L. Cornelius Cinna2
8 86 - 35 51
Sallust
2 215 3:00
85 L. Cornelius Cinna3
84 Cn. Papirius Carbo2
84 Britain first known to be an island by Romans who sailed around it
83 L. Cornelius Scipio Asiaticus
83 - 2 1 mi 2nd Mithridatic War Sulla returns to Rome & is nominated dictator
83 mi Battle of Mount Tifata
83 - 2 1 1st Roman civil war between Sulla & popular faction; Sulla wins & becomes dictator
82 mi censor office abolished
82 C. Marius
82 - 72 10 mi Sertorius, last Marian general continues civil war in Hispania
82 - 1 1 Sulla's 2nd civil war
82 mi Battle of Coline Gate
81 M. Tullius Decula
81 Sulla appointed dictator of Rome brings major reforms
80 L. Cornelius Sulla Felix2
79 P. Servilius Vatia Isauricus
79 Munita Road at pompey
78 M. Aemilius Lepidus
77 D. Iunius Brutus
76 Cn. Octavius
75 L. Octavius
75 Portunus Temple Rome
9 75 - 15 60
Vitruvius

339 4:42
74 L. Licinius Lucullus
73 M. Terentius Varro Lucullus
73 - 1 2 3rd Servile War or Spartacist Rebellion Sparticus's slave revolt 3rd Servile War.
Spartacus 1960 
Spartacus 2004
Sins of Rome 1954

72 L. Gellius Publicola
74 - 63 11 MI 3rd Mithridatic War eventually won by Pompey
71 P. Cornelius Lentulus Sura
70 Cn. Pompeius Magnus
70 Censor Office Returns
70 Pompeii Amphitheater
10 70 - 19 51
Virgil
395 5:30
69 Q. Hortensius Hortalus
68 L. Caecilius Metellus
67 C. Calpurnius Piso
66 M'. Aemilius Lepidus
65 L. Aurelius Cotta
64 L. Iulius Caesar
63 M. Tullius Cicero
63 Catiline Conspiracy 111-105 B.C. by Sallust 86-34 184M
63 Jugurthine War 111-105 B.C. by Sallust 86-34 184M
11 63 BC - 14 AD 77
Augustus

15.1 12:35
12 63 BC - 24 AD 87
Strabo
Geography
1,704 23:40
63 Fall of Jerusalem
62 D. Iunius Silanus
62 Fabricius Bridge Rome
62 - 27 Cestius Bridge Rome built
62 mi Battle of Pistoria
61 M. Pupius Piso Frugi Calpurnianus
60 Q. Caecilius Metellus Celer
60 Pompey of Rome conquered Jerusalem.
13 60 - 30 30
Siculus
258 3:35
59 C. Iulius Caesar
58 L. Calpurnius Piso Caesoninus
57 P. Cornelius Lentulus Spinther
56 Cn. Cornelius Lentulus Marcellinus
55 Cn. Pompeius Magnus2
54 L. Domitius Ahenobarbus
60 - 54 6 An informal coalition is formed by Gāius Jūlius Caesar, Cnaeus Pompeius Magnus & Marcus Licinius Crassus to govern Roman republic. This coalition is often referred to as First triumvirate, even though it did not have official sanction of law required for a legal triumvirate.
54 - 3 1 First campaign against Parthian Empire; Crassus utterly defeated & killed
53 Crasus invaded Parthia, defeated.
53 Cn. Domitius Calvinus
52 Cn. Pompeius Magnus3
51 Ser. Sulpicius Rufus
50 L. Aemilius Lepidus Paullus
58 - 51 7 Caesar fights Gallic wars, acquiring province of Gallia Comata
6/58 mi Battle of Arrar
58 Battle of Bibracte
58 mi Battle of Vosges
57 Battle of Axona
57 MI Battle of Sabis.
12/57-1/56 MI Battle of Octodurus.
54 Battle of Cenabum.
53 Battle of Carrhae
1/52 MI Battle of Vellaunodunum.
1/52 MI Siege of Avaricum.
52 Battle of Bovillae
52 MI Battle of Agendicum.
52 Battle of Gergovia.
52 Battle of Lutetia
52 mi Neung-sur-Beuvron
9/52 Battle of Alesia
51 Siege of Uxellodunum
58 - 51 BC Commentaries of Gallic Wars 199M 7;16;28
70 - 19 51 Virgil Poet
65 - 27 38 Horace Poet
Period of transition
49 - 27 22
49 C. Claudius Marcellus Maior
000s BC - 547 AD Nomentano Bridge
000s Neronianus Bridge rome
000s Molino Bridge
49 - 5 4 Julius Caesar's 100 - 44 56 civil war
Julius Caesar 1953
Julius Caesar 2002
Julius Caesar 1970
Rome 2005
49 Caesar crosses Rubicon (alea iacta est) & begins Second Roman civil war against Optimates, conservative faction of senate, led by Pompey
4/49 Siege of Massilia
6/49 mi Battle of Ilerda
49 Battle of Utica
8/49 Battle of Bagradas River
48 C. Iulius Caesar 2
48 - 5 3 mi Caesar vs Optimates Greece & Africa
48 Battle of Dyrrhachium
48 Battle of Pharsalus
48 Syria became a part of Rome
47 Q. Fufius Calenus
46 C. Iulius Caesar 3
46 BCE - 113 CE Roman Forum
46 nt Venus Genetrix Temple Rome
1/46 Battle of Ruspina
4/46 Battle of Thapsus
4/46 mi Battle of Anticato
45 C. Iulius Caesar 4
3/45 Battle of Munda
45 Patavium Padova Amphitheater Becomes Roman Municipum
44 C. Iulius Caesar V
44 - 30 14 Post-Caesarian civil wars
44 Caesar is assassinated on Ides of March
44 - 36 8 Sicilian Revolt
44 - 2 2 mi Liberators' Civil War between assassins of Caesar (led by Cassius & Brutus) & Caesar's heirs, Octavian & Mark Antony
43 C. Vibius Pansa Caetronianus
43 mi Battle of Forum Gallorum
43 mi Battle of Mutina
43 Philippics by Cicero 106 - 43 BC 170M 9;46;24
43 Octavius, mi Lepidus & Mark Antony formed second Triumvirate.
42 M. Aemilius Lepidus2
41 L. Antonius Pietas
41 - 40 1 Fulvia's Civil War
41 - 40 1 Battle of Perugia
40 Cn. Domitius Calvinus 2X
39 L. Marcius Censorinus
3