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300s
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100s
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Mysia   |
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| N Shore of Propontis |
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| Taurus 0 |
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| Cappadocia |
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| Cataonia |
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| Meliten |
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| Pontus |
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| Paphlagonia |
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| Lesser Armenia |
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| Bithnia |
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| Galatia |
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| Lyconia |
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| Pisidia |
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| Pergamum |
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| Sardis |
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| Katakekaumene |
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| Hierapolis |
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| Ionia |
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| Caria |
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| Lycia |
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| Pamphylia |
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| Cicilia |
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| Commagene |
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| Troad |
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| Asian Iberia |
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| Cyprus |
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| Coelesyria (Palestine) |
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| Syria |
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| Seleucia |
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 Kuwait |
 Bahrain |
 Qatar |
 Saudi Arabia |
 UAE |
 Oman |
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400s |
300s |
200s |
100s |
000s |
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472  Sardis 1st Mentioned. Gymnasium |
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350  Lydia becomes a tributary of Macedon after Persia is conquered by Alexander Great |
300s BC - 400s AD  Termessos Tombs |
300s  Knidos Town |
| 306 Alexandria Troas Founded mi Thermae |
316 - 01  Smyrna |
399 BC - 1357  Pergamon City 1st mentioned to taken by Ottomans |
| 334 nt Battle of Granicus River |
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200s  Antioch, Pisidia |
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100s BC  Olympos (Lycia) Bath
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| 386 - 1840 mi Sümela Monastery Construction |
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| 25 - 20 bc nt Monumentum Temple Ancyranum Turkey |
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@ mi Pinik
189 - 59 30  Artaxias 1 = Satenik |
159 - 15 44  Artavasdes 1 ^ |
| 115 - 95 20 mi Tigranes 1 ^ |
95 - 55 40  Tigranes 2 Great < |
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| 95 - 55 40 Tigranes 2 Great < |
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Roman Province of Asia 
188 BC - 330 AD 518 |
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Pharnabazids
299 - 159 140 |
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| 159 - 09 50 Mirian 1 of Iberia (son-in-law & adopted son), |
| 109 - 90 19 Parnajom of Iberia ^ |
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000s Armazi Palace Georgia |
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400s |
300s |
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- Armavir, Yervandashat
- Armenian & Urantian?
- Zoroastrianism
| 500 - 475 25 mi Hidarnes 2 |
| 475 - 50 25 mi Hidarnes 3 |
450 - 401 49  Ardashir |
401 - 344 57  Orontes |
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| 401 - 344 57 Orontes |
| 344 - 36 8 mi Darius Codomannus |
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| 260 mi Sames of Sophene Unknown previous tenure as Satrap of Sophene |
| 260 - 28 42 Arsames 1 (Armenia, Sophene, & Commagene) |
228 - 12 16  Xerxes
Sophene & Commagene |
212 - 200 12 Abdissares
Sophene & Commagene |
| 228 - 200 28 Orontes 4 Armenia Deposed by Antiochus 3 |
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| 201 - 163 38 Ptolemaeus (Commagene) |
| 163 mi Annexed by Commagene |
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 Vahagn god |
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189 - 60 29 Artaxias 1
159 - 15 44 Artavasdes 1 |
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95 - 55 40 Tigranes the Great
8 - 5 3  Erato |
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- Armenia
No *
| 200s Independant of Acheminid Empire |
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- Karkathiokerta
- Armenian
- ? Zareh |
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- Karkathiokerta
- Armenian
- ? Zareh
| 94 Conquered by Kingdom of Greater Armenia |
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@ Samosata, Turkey
163 - 30 33 Ptolemaeus of Commagene |
| 130 - 09 21 Sames 2 Theosebes Dikaios |
| 109 - 70 39 Mithridates 1 Callinicus |
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| 70 - 38 32 Antiochus 1 Theos of Commagene |
| 38 - 20 18 Mithridates 2 of Commagene |
| 20 - 12 8 Mithridates 3 of Commagene |
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| 410 - 374 Salamis, Cyprus Salamis kyprou |
499  Ionian Revolt: Aristagoras, appointed tyrant of Miletus, rebelled against Persian rule.Ionian Revolt: Withsupport of Athens & Eretria, Aristagoras captured Sardis,capital ofPersian satrapy of Lydia. Ionian Revolt:kingdoms of Cyprus joined revolt.Persian army reestablished control over Cyprus. |
| 450 mi Kition increased in importance. Phoenician rulers established themselves in Salamis. |
| 411 mi Teucrid Evagoras 1 regained throne of Salamis. |
|
| 400 mi Evagoras attempted to establish himself as an independent ruler on Cyprus with Athenian help. |
386  Under Treaty of Antakidas, Persian rule over Cyprus was accepted by Athens. |
| 380 Persia reconquered Cyprus. |
351 mi Pythagoras of  Salamis & other Cypriot kings went to Alexander Great at beginning of siege of  Tyre |
350  Cypriot rebellion |
| 344 Cypriot rebellion crushed by Artaxerxes. |
332 siege of Tyre ended.
|
331 - 10 21 mi Nicocreon began to rule.
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| 325 Archaic & Classical Period ended. |
| 310 - 6 4 Menelaos satrap of Cyprus |
| 306 - 1 5 Antigonus rule. |
| 301 Ptolemaic Lagid Dynasty began. |
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116  Cleopatra sent her son Ptolemy Philometor |
109  Cleopatra sent Alexander, her son andbrother of Ptolemy IX Lathyros, to Cyprus. |
107  Alexander returned from Cyprus & made king of Egypt. |
| 107 mi Ptolemy campaigned in Palestine. |
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58  Cyprus became a Roman province. |
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536 - 476 60  Book of Ezra |
| 588 - 455 133 mi Kingdom of Judah post capture |
483 mi Book of Esther
- Esther & King 1960
- Esther 1999 |
445  Nehemiah sent to "restore & rebuild" walls of Jerusalem. |
| 445 Book of Nehemiah |
433  Eliashib high priest in Jerusalem. |
422  Destruction of Temple of Solomon. Book of Lamentations |
| 420 - 397 23 mi Book of Malachi |
| 413 Joiada High Priest in Jerusalem. |
| 484 Joiakim became High Priest in Jerusalem. |
|
397 39  books of Old Testament ended. Four hundred years of Biblical silence started. |
| 373 John High Priest in Jerusalem. |
| 321 Onias became High Priest in Jerusalem. |
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| 217 Simon high priest of Jerusalem |
|
Hasmonean Kingdom
140 - 37 103
- Jerusalem  Koine Greek, Hebrew, Aramaic
136  John Hyrcanus became High Priest in Jerusalem. |
| 130 mi destroyed temple on Mount Gerizim. |
| 107 Hyrcanus took title "King of Jews." |
| 106 mi Government of Maccabees began in Palestine. |
| 106 mi Janneus became King of Jews |
|
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| 79 mi Alexandra Janneus' widow, Queen of Jews. |
74 - 4 70  Herod Great
Herod Great 1960 |
| 69 Hyrcanus became ruler of Jews. |
66  Jerusalem Sacked |
| 57 mi Sanhedrin took over rulership of Jews. |
57  Pompey of Rome conquered Jerusalem. |
| 47 mi Antipater ruled Jews |
37 - 3  Roman Senate appointed Herod, an Idumean Arab, King of Judea. He ruled for 34 years. Began construction of great Jewish Temple on Mt. Moriah in Jerusalem. |
10 - 68  Apostle Peter |
4  Jesus Christ born. |
4  John Baptist born. |
57  Sanhedrin took over ruler ship of Jews. & Pompey were formed. |
000s BC - 600s AD  Avdat |
63  Scythopolis Amphitheater Bet She'an Annexed by Rome |
22  Caesarea aqueduct Bridge
Caesarea Maritima Aqueduct Israel |
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1550 - 300 1250 Phoenicia |
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| 332 mi Alexander 3 Great defeated city of Tyre. |
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Seleucid Edom
200 - 125 75
| 125 mi Conquered by Hasmonean Kingdom |
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@  Petra, Jordan
| Legendary Time 169 - 06 63 |
312  Petra Founded Street of Facades |
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| 120 - 96 24 Aretas 2 In some sources appears as successor to Rabbel I |
| 85 - 84 1 Rabbel 1 In some sources appears as successor to Aretas II |
| 60 - 59 1 Obodas 2 (?)Existence uncertain until recently; probably ruled a few months |
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274 - 200 74  Syrian Wars
| 260 - 255 5 2nd Syrian War |
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| 200 mi Battle of Panium |
|
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- Antioch
64  Afrin Bridge syria Took by Rome |
48  Syria Anexed by Rome |
| 64 Rome Conquers Syria w/ Pompey |
40 - 37 3  Parthian invasion of Syria & Asia Minor |
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400s |
300s |
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Babylon
Largest City on world 2ndX
612 - 320 292 |
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Babylon
Largest City on world 2ndX
612 - 320 292 |
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Macedonian Babylon
330 - 12 18
@  Babylon
323 - 280 43  Wars of Diadochi
| 322 - 20 2 1st War of Diadochi |
| 319 - 5 4 2nd War of Diadochi
|
| 314 - 11 3 3rd War of Diadochi |
| 308 - 01 7 4th War of Diadochi |
| 298 - 85 13 Struggle over Macedon |
285 - 81 4  Lysimachus &
 Seleucus struggle |
280 - 75 5  Gallic invasions & consolidation |
|
| 323 - 17 6 Alexander 2 Egus ^ Alexander Great 323 - 309 King of Macedonia as Alexander 4 until 310 BC, X by Cassander ^Antipater |
| 301 Antigonus 1 ^ Philip of Elymiotis King of Anatolia, Syria & Macedonia until 301 BC. Killed by Seleucus I |
|
334  Issus Alexander Great defeats Darius 3 of Persia |
331  War Elephant 1stX Battle of Gaugamela iraq |
|
270 Diadochi |
100s - 000s BC  Hatra City fl |
100 BC - 400 AD  Samad al-Shan Oman |
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| 312 - 281 31 Seleucus 1 nicator X77 ^ Antiochus ^ Seleucus Assumed title of "King" from 306 BC. X by Ptolemy Ceraunus |
| 209 - 188 21 mi Parthian - Seleucid Wars |
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 Seleucia
|
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96 - 87 9  Demetrius 3 |
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@ mi Zafar, mi San‘a’, Yemen
| 110 BC - 525 AD mi Zafar, Yemen Capital of Himyarite Confederation |
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.gif){kind=small}
Battle of Ephesus
Battle of Lade 
Battle of Mycale
Battle of Eurymedon River 
Battle of Cynossema 
Battle of Abydos 
Battle of Cyzicus 
Battle of Notium 
Battle of Mytilene 
Priene
Battle of Gordium 
Battle of Salamis
Battle of Ipsus
Nicomedes 1
Battle of Lade 
Battle of Magnesia 
Battle of Mount Olympus 
Battle of Carrhae
Battle of Cabira 
Battle of Tigranocerta 
Battle of Korakesion 
Battle of Nicopolis 
Battle of Zela 
Edessa
Siege of Cyzicus 
Battle of Artaxata 
Battle of Mendesium 
Zeno of Citium
Siege of Gaza 
Battle of Wadi Haramia 
Battle of Emmaus 
Battle of Beth Zur 
Battle of Beth Zechariah 
Battle of Adasa 
Battle of Elasa 
Temple in Jerusalem. Events commemorated each year by festival of Hanukkah. 
Jews signed treaty with Romans. First treaty with Jews on record.
Pompey
Annexed by 
Trajan
Jerash Conquered by Rome 
Battle of Cunaxa 
Battle of Gaugamela 
Battle of Gabiene 
Olympias
Alexander Great
Battle of Ecbatana 
