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| Lesser Armenia |
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| Bithnia |
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 Kuwait |
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| 472 Sardis 1st Mentioned. Gymnasium |
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| 350 Lydia becomes a tributary of Macedon after Persia is conquered by Alexander Great |
300s BC - 400s AD  Termessos Tombs |
| 306 Alexandria Troas Founded mi Thermae |
316 - 01  Smyrna |
399 BC - 1357  Pergamon City 1st mentioned to taken by Ottomans |
| 334 nt Battle of Granicus River |
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100s BC Olympos (Lycia) Bath
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| 386 AD -1840 Sümela Monastery Construction |
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| 25 - 20 bc nt Monumentum Temple Ancyranum Turkey |
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@ Pinik
| 189 - 59 30 Artaxias 1 = Satenik |
| 159 - 15 44 Artavasdes 1 ^ |
| 95 - 55 40 Tigranes 2 Great < |
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| 95 - 55 40 Tigranes 2 Great < |
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Roman Province of Asia 
188 BC - 330 AD 518 |
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299 - 159 140 |
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| 159 - 09 50 Mirian 1 of Iberia (son-in-law & adopted son), |
| 109 - 90 19 Parnajom of Iberia (son), |
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| 000s Armazi Palace Georgia |
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| 344 - 36 8 Darius Codomannus |
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| 260 Sames of Sophene (Unknown previous tenure as Satrap of Sophene) |
| 260 - 28 42 Arsames 1 (Armenia, Sophene, & Commagene) |
228 - 12 16 Xerxes (Sophene & Commagene)
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| 212 - 200 12 Abdissares (Sophene & Commagene) |
| 228 - 200 28 Orontes 4 (Armenia) Deposed by Antiochus 3 |
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| 201 - 163 38 Ptolemaeus (Commagene) |
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189 - 60 29  Artaxias 1
159 - 15 44  Artavasdes 1 |
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- Armenia
No *
| 200s Independant of Acheminid Empire |
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- Karkathiokerta
- Armenian
- ? Zareh |
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- Karkathiokerta
- Armenian
- ? Zareh
| 94 Conquered by Kingdom of Greater Armenia |
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@ Samosata, Turkey
163 - 30 33 Ptolemaeus of Commagene |
| 130 - 09 21 Sames 2 Theosebes Dikaios |
| 109 - 70 39 Mithridates 1 Callinicus |
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| 70 - 38 32 Antiochus 1 Theos of Commagene |
| 38 - 20 18 Mithridates 2 of Commagene |
| 20 - 12 8 Mithridates 3 of Commagene |
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| 410 - 374 Salamis, Cyprus Salamis kyprou |
| 499 Ionian Revolt: Aristagoras,appointed tyrant of Miletus, rebelled against Persian rule.Ionian Revolt: Withsupport of Athens & Eretria, Aristagoras captured Sardis,capital ofPersian satrapy of Lydia. Ionian Revolt:kingdoms of Cyprus joinedrevolt. |
| 498 Ionian Revolt:Persian army reestablished control over Cyprus. |
| 450 Kition increased in importance.Phoenician rulers established themselves in Salamis. |
| 411 Teucrid Evagoras 1 regained throne of Salamis. |
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| 400 Evagoras attempted to establish himself as an independent ruler on Cyprus with Athenian help. |
| 386 Under Treaty of Antakidas, Persian rule over Cyprus was accepted by Athens. |
| 380 Persia reconquered Cyprus. |
| 351 Pythagoras of Salamis & other Cypriot kings went over to AlexanderGreat duringbeginning ofsiege of Tyre. |
| 344 Cypriot rebellion was crushed by Artaxerxes. |
331 Nicocreon began to rule.
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| 325 Archaic & Classical Period ended. |
| 310 Nicocreon ended his rule.Menelaos was made satrap of Cyprus. |
| 306 Menelaos ended his time as satrap of Cyprus. |
| 306 Antigonus began his rule. |
| 301 Antigonus ended his rule.The Ptolemaic Lagid Dynasty began. |
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| 116 Cleopatra sent her son Ptolemy Philometor |
| 109 Cleopatra sent Alexander, her son andbrother of Ptolemy IX Lathyros, to Cyprus. |
| 107 Alexander returned from Cyprus & was made king of Egypt. Ptolemy campaigned in Palestine. |
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| 58 Cyprus became a Roman province. |
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| 536 - 476 60 Book of Ezra |
| 588 - 455 133 Kingdom of Judah post capture |
483 Book of Esther
- Esther & King 1960
- Esther 1999 |
| 445 Nehemiah sent to "restore & rebuild" walls of Jerusalem. |
| 433 Eliashib high priest in Jerusalem. |
| 422 Destruction of Temple of Solomon. Book of Lamentations is about this |
| 420 - 397 23 Book of Malachi |
| 413 Joiada High Priest in Jerusalem. |
| 484 Joiakim became High Priest in Jerusalem. |
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| 397 39 books of Old Testament ended. Four hundred years of Biblical silence started. |
| 373 John High Priest in Jerusalem. |
| 321 Onias became High Priest in Jerusalem. |
| 332 Siege of Gaza |
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| 217 Simon high priest of Jerusalem |
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Hasmonean Kingdom
140 - 37 103
- Jerusalem  Koine Greek, Hebrew, Aramaic
| 136 Hyrcanus became High Priest in Jerusalem. |
| 130 John Hyrcanus destroyed temple on Mount Gerizim. |
| 107 Hyrcanus, High Priest of Jerusalem, took title "King of Jews." |
| 106 Government of Maccabees began in Palestine. |
| 106 Janneus became King of Jews |
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| 79 Alexandra Janneus' widow, Queen of Jews. |
74 - 4 70 Herod Great
- Herod Great 1960 |
| 69 Hyrcanus became ruler of Jews. |
| 57 Sanhedrin took over rulership of Jews. |
| 57 Pompey of Rome conquered Jerusalem. |
| 37 - 3 Roman Senate appointed Herod, an Idumean Arab, King of Judea. He ruled for 34 years. Began construction of great Jewish Temple on Mt. Moriah in Jerusalem. |
| 57 Sanhedrin took over ruler ship of Jews. & Pompey were formed. |
| 63 Scythopolis Amphitheater Bet She'an Annexed by Rome |
22 Caesarea aqueduct Bridge
Caesarea Maritima Aqueduct Israel |
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1550 - 300 1250 Phoenicia |
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| 332 Alexander 3 Great defeated city of Tyre. |
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Seleucid Edom
200 - 125 75
| 125 Conquered by Hasmonean Kingdom |
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@ Petra, Jordan
| Legendary Time 169 - 06 63 |
312  Petra Founded Street of Facades |
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| 120 - 96 24 Aretas 2 In some sources appears as successor to Rabbel I |
| 85 - 84 1 Rabbel 1 In some sources appears as successor to Aretas II |
| 60 - 59 1 Obodas 2 (?)Existence uncertain until recently; probably ruled a few months |
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274 - 200 74 Syrian Wars
| 260 - 255 5 2nd Syrian War |
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| 200 Battle of Panium |
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- Antioch
| 64 Afrin Bridge syria Took by Rome |
| 64 Rome Conquers Syria w/ Pompey |
| 40 - 37 3 Parthian invasion of Syria & Asia Minor |
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Babylon
Largest City on world 2ndX
612 - 320 292 |
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Babylon
Largest City on world 2ndX
612 - 320 292 |
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| 331 Battle of Gaugamela |
Macedonian Babylon
330 - 12 18
@ Babylon
323 - 280 43 Wars of Diadochi
| 322 - 20 2 1st War of Diadochi |
| 319 - 5 4 2nd War of Diadochi
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| 314 - 11 3 3rd War of Diadochi |
| 308 - 01 7 4th War of Diadochi |
| 298 - 85 13 Struggle over Macedon |
| 285 - 81 4 struggle of Lysimachus & Seleucus |
| 280 - 75 5 Gallic invasions & consolidation |
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| 323 - 17 6 Philip ^ Philip 1 of Macedonia King of Macedonia as Philip 3. X42 by Olympias |
| 323 - 17 6 Alexander 2 Egus ^ Alexander Great 323 - 309 King of Macedonia as Alexander 4 until 310 BC, X by Cassander ^Antipater |
| 321 Peithon 355 - 314 ^ Crateuas Regent |
| 301 Antigonus 1 ^ Philip of Elymiotis King of Anatolia, Syria & Macedonia until 301 BC. Killed by Seleucus I |
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| 334 Issus Alexander Great defeats Darius 3 of Persia |
| 331 War Elephant 1stX Battle of Gaugamela iraq |
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| 100s - 000s BC Hatra City fl |
| 100 BC - 400 AD Samad al-Shan Oman |
| 129 Battle of Ecbatana |
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312 - 281 31  Seleucus 1 nicator X77 ^ Antiochus ^ Seleucus Assumed title of "King" from 306 BC. X by Ptolemy Ceraunus |
| 209 - 188 21 Parthian - Seleucid Wars |
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96 - 87 9  Demetrius 3 |
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@ Zafar, San‘a’, Yemen
| 110 BC - 525 AD Zafar, Yemen Capital of Himyarite Confederation |
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Turkey
Georgia
Armenia
Azerbaijan
Cyprus
Israel
Lebanon
Jordan
Syria
Iraq
Yemen
Battle of Ephesus
Battle of Lade 
Battle of Mycale
Battle of Eurymedon River 
Battle of Cynossema 
Battle of Abydos 
Battle of Cyzicus 
Battle of Notium 
Battle of Mytilene 
Priene
Battle of Issus 
Battle of Gordium 
Battle of Salamis
Battle of Ipsus
Battle of Lade 
Battle of Magnesia 
Battle of Mount Olympus 
Battle of Antioch 
Battle of Cabira 
Battle of Tigranocerta 
Battle of Korakesion 
