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000s
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
100s
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
  200s  
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
300s
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
400s
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Roman Province of Asia 188 BCE - 395 CE 583
 
 
Rom 58
V1
V
g
Th
Ar
Th2
p
m
V - Theodosian 94
Le1
l2
z
b
z
a
Leonid 61
Early Byzantine Empire 330 - 843 513
Kingdom of Osroene 132 BCE - 244 CE 376
 
Roman Province of Bithynia et Pontus 74 BCE - 395 CE 469
 
Roman Province of Syria 64 BCE - 135 CE 199
 
Roman Province of Galatia 25 BCE - 297 CE 322
 
 
Roman Province of Cappadocia 18 - 600s 600ish
 
Roman Province of Thracia 46 - 395 249
 
 
Kingdom of Bospora 68 - 341 273
 
 
Roman Province of Lycia et Pamphylia 70s - 297 220s
 
Caucasian Iberia 302 BC - 502 AD 804
  Lazica 131 - 697 566
Kingdom of Armenia (Greater Armenia) 331 BCE - 428 CE 759
   
 
 
 
Roman Province of Judaea 6 - 132 126
 
Lebanon Country Flag Lebanon
 
Roman Province of Arabia Petraea 106 - 390 284
 
Roman Province of Syria 64 BC - 135 AD 199
 
Pal
260-73
13
 
m
o
v
Arta 2
t
c
G2
Vol1
Vol2
Os1
v3
V4
v5
V6
Parthian Empire 227 BCE - 224 CE 551
H1
b1
Ba2
N
h
Shapur 2
B
Ya1
B
Ya2
Per
K
Sassanian Empire 224 - 651 427
 
Kingdom of Araba 100s
 
 
m
1
 
 
a
1
 
Roman Mesopotamia 198 - 330 132
Byzantine Province of Mesopotamia 330 - 640 310
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
000s
100s
200s
300s
400s
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
Roman Province of Asia
188 BCE - 395 CE
583
- Mysia, Troad, Aeolis, Lydia, Ionia, Caria
Roman Province of Asia
188 BCE - 395 CE 583
@ Mysia, Troad, Aeolis, Lydia, Ionia, Caria
Roman Province of Asia
188 BCE - 395 CE 583
@ Mysia, Troad, Aeolis, Lydia, Ionia, Caria
- 200s Jonah Swallowed & Jonah Cast Up, two statuettes of a group from eastern Mediterranean, probably Asia Minor, are made. They are now kept at Cleveland Museum of Art.
Roman Province of Asia
188 BCE - 395 CE
583
@ Mysia, Troad, Aeolis, Lydia, Ionia, Caria
492 Battle of Cotyaeum
Commagene 1
163 BC - 17 AD 180
- Samosata
- Greek, Persian, Armenian
12 BC - 17 AD 29 Antiochus 3 of Commagene
Roman Commagene
17 - 38 21
Commagene 2
38 - 72 34
- Samosata
- Greek, Persian, Armenian
38 - 72 34 Antiochus 4
72 Antiochus deposed by Rome & Commagene re-annexed into Syria.
 
Byzantine Empire
330 - 1453 1123
Early Byzantine Empire
330 - 843 513
Roman Control
305 - 63 58
- "Eastern" or "Byzantine" Empire lasted 1058 years, from 395 A.D. to 1453 A.D. & was ruled by about 90 emperors.
305 - 71 66 Chlorus 1 Constantius "Constantine Great"
330 - 600s 250s Byzantine Province of Bithynia et Pontus
325 1st Council of Nicaea to pacify Christianity in grip of Arian controversy.
Roman Province of Cappadocia
18 - 600s
600ish
- @ Caesarea (Kayseri)
Province of Armenia Secunda
330 - 600s 250s Caesarea (Kayseri)
@ ?
337 Constantine 1 Baptized on Death Bed
337 - 61 24 Constantius 2 second ^ Constantine 1 died of illness on campaign
361 - 3 2 Julian "the Apostate"
Non Dynastic
363 - 4 1 Jovian
Valentinian - Theodosian House
363 - 457
94
364 - 375 11 Valentinian 1 Officer under Julian & Jovian
Province of Cappadocia Primera
371 - 535
164
- Caesarea Kayseri
Province of Cappadocia Secunda
371 - 535
164
- Tyana
364 - 378 14 Valens brother of Valentinian 1 Killed Battle of Adrianople
378 - 79 1 Gratian ^ Valentinian 1
330 - 79 49 Basil Great Christian theologian, bishop in Cappadocia
379 - 95 16 Theodosius 1 "the Great" brother-in-law of Gratian
380 Battle of Thessalonica
381 1st Council of Constantinople reaffirms Christian doctrine of Trinity by adding to creed of Nicaea.
395 - 408 13 Arcadius ^ Theodosius 1
- Eastern Roman Empire (Greece, Anatolia, Africa, Palestine, Syria & Italy) Constantinople Term conventionally used since 19th century to describe Greek-speaking Roman Empire during Middle Ages.
Byzantine Diocese of East
395 - 630s
230s
@ Antioch
Byzantine Empire
330 - 1453 1123
Early Byzantine Empire
330 - 843 513
347 - 407 60 John Chrysostom Patriarch of Constantinople
408 - 50 42 Theodosius 2 ^ Arcadius D riding accident
380 - ? Socrates Scholasticus Byzantine Church historian
450 - 53 3 Pulcheria Daughter of Arcadius, sister of Theodosius 2
450 - 57 7 Marcian Soldier, politician, husband of Pulcheria D Gangrene contracted on a journey
457 - 74 17 Leo 1 "the Thracian" Soldier Died of dysentery
474 1 Leo 2
474 - 75 1 & 76 - 91 1 & 15 Zeno
475 - 76 2 Basiliscus
491 - 518 27 Anastasius 1
Roman Province of
Bithynia et Pontus

74 BCE - 330 CE
404
@ Nicomedia
- Edessa
4 BC - AD 7 13 Abgar 5 Ukkama bar Ma'nu Abgarus of Edessa
7 - 13 6 Ma'nu 4 bar Ma'nu 
13 - 50 37 Abgar 5 Ukkama bar Ma'nu
50 - 7 7 Ma'nu 5 bar Abgar
57 - 71 14 Ma'nu 6 bar Abgar
71 - 91 20 Abgar 6 bar Ma'nu
91 - 109 18 Sanatruk

109 - 116 7 Abgar 7 bar Ezad
116 - 8 2 Roman interregnum
118 - 22 4 Yalur  co-ruler with Parthamaspates
118 - 123 5 Parthamaspates
123 - 139 16 Ma'nu 7 bar Ezad 
139 - 63 24 Ma'nu 8 bar Ma'nu 
163 - 5 2 Wa'il bar Sahru 
165 - 7 2 Ma'nu 8 bar Ma'nu
167 - 77 10 Abgar 8 
177 - 212 35 Abgar 9  Great
- Edessa
212 - 4 2 Abgar 10 Severus bar Ma'nu 
214 Annexed by Rome
Roman Frontier Province of Osroene
214 - 44 30
214 - 6 2 Abgar 10 Severus Bar Abgar 9 Rabo
216 - 42 26 Ma’nu 9 Bar Abgar 10 Severus
242 - 4 2 Abgar 11 Farhat Bar Ma’nu 9
Roman Province of Osroene
244 - 314
70
- Edessa
Roman Province of Osroene
244 - 314 70
- Edessa
314 Incorporated into Roman Diocese of East
Roman Diocese of East
314 - 95
81
@ Antioch
 
Roman Province of
Bithynia et Pontus

74 BCE - 395 CE
469
@ Nicomedia
Roman Province of
Bithynia et Pontus

74 BCE - 395 CE 469
@ Nicomedia
Roman Province of
Bithynia et Pontus

74 BCE - 395 CE 469
@ Nicomedia
Roman Province of
Bithynia et Pontus

74 BCE - 395 CE 469
@ Nicomedia
 
Roman Province of Syria
64 BCE - 135 CE
199
@ Antioch
Roman Province of Syria
64 BC - 135 AD
199
@ Antioch
     
Roman Province of Galatia
25 BCE - 297 CE
322
@ Ancyra (Ankara)
Roman Province of Galatia
25 BCE - 297 CE 322
@ Ancyra (Ankara)
Roman Province of Galatia
25 BCE - 297 CE 322
@ Ancyra (Ankara)
   
Roman Province of Cappadocia
18 - 600s
600ish
@ Caesarea (Kayseri)
Roman Province of Cappadocia
18 - 600s 600ish
@ Caesarea (Kayseri)
Roman Province of Cappadocia
18 - 600s 600ish
@ Caesarea (Kayseri)
   
Roman Province of Thracia
46 - 395
249
@ Adrianopole, Serdica (Sofia), then Constantinople
Roman Province of Thracia
46 - 395 249
@ Adrianopole, Serdica (Sofia), then Constantinople
Roman Province of Thracia
46 - 395 249
@ Adrianopole, Serdica (Sofia), then Constantinople
Roman Province of Thracia
46 - 395 249
@ Adrianopole, Serdica (Sofia), then Constantinople
 
Kingdom of Bospora
68 - 341
273
- Ukraine Turkey
       
Roman Province of
Lycia et Pamphylia

70s - 297
220s
Roman Province of
Lycia et Pamphylia

70s - 297 220s
Roman Province of
Lycia et Pamphylia

70s - 297 220s
   
000s
100s
200s
300s
400s
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
69 - 155 86 Polycarp bishop of Smyrna, Turkey.
15 - 100 85 Apollonius of Tyana Turkey Greek Neopythagorean philosopher
35 - 110 75 Ignatius third bishop of Antioch, author of letters Turkey
000s Tripolis (Phrygia) Tripolis in Phrygia Buldan Denizli
100s Elaiussa Sebaste
62 Battle of Rhandeia
190s Montanus Founder of Monatism Christian heretic from Phrygia, Turkey.
100s Hıdırlık Tower at Antalya marina2
100s Ulpiana City
100s Eurymedon Bridge
100s Penkalas Bridge
110 - 35 Library of Celsus Ephesus
117 - 38 Pergamon Bridge
138 - 161 Patara Theater
155 Aspendos Theater
155 Aspendus aqueduct Bridge
193 Battle of Cyzicus
193 Battle of Nicea
194 Battle of Issus
200 Aphrodite Temple Aphrodisias



200 Kemer Bridge
200s Selge Theater
200s Limyra Bridge
210s Severan Bridge
212 to 214 Edessa, Mesopotamia-Urfac Castle by Romans as a Colony
243 Battle of Resaena
260 Battle of Edessa
272 Battle of Immae
310 - 83 73 Ulfilas Arian priest & translator of Bible into Gothic Capadocia, Turkey.
390s Book of Steps Syriac religious discourses. Turkey.
329 - 90 61 Gregory of Nazianzus Turkey. Christian theologian, bishop
300s Aesepus Bridge turkey
317 - 61 Misis Bridge turkey
368 Valens Aqueduct Istanbul Turkey
384 Turkey Stone Bridge
313 Battle of Tzirallum
324 Battle of Adrianople
324 Battle of Hellespont
324 Battle of Chrysopolis
359 Siege of Amida
366 Battle of Thyatira
386 - 451 65 Nestorius, archbishop of Constantinople, father of Nestorian heresy
400 - 500s Lamas Aqueduct Turkey
 
000s
100s
200s
300s
400s
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
Caucasian Iberia
302 BC - 502 AD
804
-
20 BCE - CE 1 21 Arshak 2 of Iberia (son),
3rd Pharnabazid 1 - 189 189
1 - 58 58 Pharsman 1 of Iberia,
58 - 106 48 Mihdrat 1 of Iberia,
Caucasian Iberia
302 BC - 502 AD 804
-
58 - 106 48 Mihdrat 1 of Iberia,
106 - 16 10 Amazasp 1 of Iberia (son),
116 - 32 16 Pharsman 2 of Iberia (son),
132 - 5 3 Rhadamistus of Iberia (son),
135 - 85 50 Pharsman 3 of Iberia (son),
185 - 9 4 Amazasp 2 of Iberia (son)
Arsacids 189 - 284
189 - 216 27 Rev 1 Just ("Martali")
Caucasian Iberia
302 BC - 502 AD 804
-
Arsacids
189 -
189 - 216 27 Rev 1 Just ("Martali")
216 - 34 18 Vache
234 - 49 15 Bakur 1
249 - 65 16 Mithridates 2 Mihrdat
(Amazasp 3, anti-king (260-265)
265 - 84 19 Asphagur 1
Chosroids
284 -
284 - 361 76 Mirian 3 who introduced Christianity into Georgia ( Rev 2, co-regent (345- 361)
Caucasian Iberia
302 BC - 502 AD 804
-
Chosroids
284 -
284 - 361 76 Mirian 3 who introduced Christianity into Georgia ( Rev 2, co-regent (345- 361)

361 - 3 2 Saurmag 2
363 - 5 2 Varaz-Bakur 1 (Asphagur 2)
365 - 80 15 Mithridates 3
380 - 94 14 Varaz-Bakur 2 (Asphagur 3)
394 - 406 12 Tiridat
300s - 1029 Svetitskhoveli Cathedral Georgia
Caucasian Iberia
302 BC - 502 AD 804
-
Chosroids 284 - 502 18
394 - 406 12 Tiridat
406 - 9 3 Pharsman 4
409 - 11 2 Mithridates 4
411 - 35 24 Archil
435 - 47 12 Mithridates 5
447 - 502 55 Vakhtang 1
400s - 1112 Tbilisi Sioni Cathedral
000s
100s
200s
300s
400s
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
-
51 - 3 2 Rhadamistus
52 - 8 6 Tiridates 1
58 - 61 3 Tigranes 6
88 - 110 22 Sanatruk
58 - 63 Roman-Parthian War over Armenia
-
Roman Province of Armenia
114 - 8
4
- Tigranakert, Artashat
-
298 - 330 32 Tiridates 3
-
314 - Mamikonian
301 Armenia 1st to adopt Christianity as state religion followed by Ethiopia, circa 320, San Marino is founded as a republic
361 - 440 79 Saint Mesrob Armenian monk

-
405 Armenian alphabet created by Mesrob Mashtots
     
Province of Armenia Prima
330 - 600s
250s
- @ ?
300s - 1100s Baghaberd Castle Armenia
300s Mother of Holy Etchmiadzin Cathedral
300s Kakavaberd Castle
 
000s
100s
200s
300s
400s
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
51 Cyprus was placed underrule of Cleopatra by Julius Caesar.
30 Ptolemaic Lagid Dynasty ended. Cyprus reverted to Roman rule.
45 Paul of Tarsus, St Barnabas & St Mark introduced Christianity to Cyprus and convertedRoman governor Sergius Paulus.
115 Kitos War: A messianic Jewish revolt began which resulted inmassacre of 240,000 Cypriots. Trajan intervened to restorepeace & expelledJews from Cyprus.
 
335 revolt of usurper Calocaerus was omated by Flavius Dalmatius.
350 Salamis was rebuilt by Constantius II,son of Constantine, after being destroyed by earthquakes & was renamed Constantia.
395 Cyprus became part ofByzantine Empire.
 
000s
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000s
100s
200s
300s
400s
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
Roman Province of Judaea
6 - 132
126
- Caesarea Maritima
- Jesus Christ 6 BCE - 33 CE 39
- Passion of Christ  2004
-
Jesus 1979
-
Mary & Joseph 1979
-
Jesus of Nazareth 1977
-
Greatest Story Ever Told 1965
-
King of Kings 1961
-
Barabbas 1961
-
Ben-Hur 1959
-
Robe 1953
6 Archelaus Coponius became Procurator of Jews.
9 Ambivius became Procurator of Jews.
13 Annius Rufus became Procurator of Jews.
15 Valerius Gratus became Procurator of Jews.
26 - 36 10 Pontius Pilate is 5th Prefect of Roman province of Judaea
26 - 30 4 Jesus Ministry
6 BCE - 33 CE 39 John Babtist
- Salome 1953
37 Agrippa became King of Jews.
44 Cuspius became Procurator of Jews.
44 Tiberius became Procurator of Jews.
44 Cumanus became Procurator of Jews.
50 1st Council of Christian Apostles at Jerusalem.
52 New Testament Began
52 Felix became ruler of Jews.
60 Portins Festus became ruler of Jews.
? - 62 James Just Bishop of Jerusalem.
66 - 70 4 1st Jewish-Roman War (Great Jewish Revolt)
66 Battle of Beth Horon
67 Siege of Yodfat
67 Siege of Gamla
70 Siege of Jerusalem
? - 72 Thomas Apostle
70 Titus took Jerusalem with an army of 60,000. X1.1M. Men crucified until wood for crosses was no longer found.
- Masada 1981
70 Destruction of Herods Temple in Jerusalem by Romans under Titus.
10 BC - 44 AD 54 Herod Agrippa
600s - 1000s 400 Masoretes adds vowel pointings to text of Tanakh, Hebrew Bible.
17 - 137 120 Akiba in Israel
28 - ? Berenice of Cilicia. Israel
65? - ? Elisha ben Abuyah Rabbi
110 BCE - 10 CE 120 Hillel Elder
37 - 100 63 Josephus Hagiographer
90s Jewish Council of Jamnia, Israel.
000s Mamshit Trading Post
000s Ramat Rachel
000s-800 Shivta
63 Annexed by Rome Beit Shean-Scythopolis Theater
70 Caesarea Maritima Games

Roman Province of Judaea
6 - 132 126
117 Adrian became Emperor of Rome. He rebuilt Jerusalem, placing Temple of Jupiter on site of Solomons Temple. He also visited Britain.
115 - 7 2 2nd Jewish-Roman War Trajan s invasion on Parthian Empire,
132 - 5 3 3rd Jewish-Roman War (aka Bar Kokhbas revolt)
100s Rabbi Yehuda haNasi Prince of Jewish people
100 - 65 65 Justin Martyr born at Sychar in Samaria, Israel.
100s Eleutheropolis Amphitheater Beit Guvrin Israel
17 - 137 120 Rabbi Akiva Head of all Jewish Sages
2 - 600s Hippos Cathedral
300s Capernaum Synagogue
400 - 50 50 Sozomen Christian church historian Palestein.
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32 Bel Palmyra Temple Syria
125-50 Bosra Theater Syria
150 Bacchus Temple Baalbeck Lebanon

273 Halabiye Captured by Rome Syria
325 Holy Sepulchre Cathedral Consecrated ?
 
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0 Al Khazneh Petra Mausoleum
000s Petra Roman Road jordan Gate
Roman Province of
Arabia Petraea

106 - 390
284
- Petra
150 Artemis Temple Jerash Jordan
Roman Province of
Arabia Petraea

106 - 390 284
- Petra
Roman Province of
Arabia Petraea

106 - 390 284
- Petra
 
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Roman Province of Syria
64 BC - 135 AD
199
-
50 -100 Gnosticism
000s - 100s Harbaqa Dam Syria
Roman Province of Syria
64 BC - 135 AD 199
-
100 Harbaqa Dam Syria
217 Battle of Nisibis
253 Battle of Barbalissos
Palmyrene Kingdom
260 - 273
13
- Palmyra, Syria Broke off from Roman Empire during Crisis of Third Century.
260 - 7 7 Septimius Odaenathus
267 - 71 4 Zenobia
272 - 274 Palmyrene War of Aurelian Syria
272 Battle of Emesa
200s Eyeglasses A primitive form ofwere developed for a nearsighted princess in Syria.
200s Band-e Kaisar Iran
300 Nimreh Bridge syria
 
- 34 Conversion of Saint Paul in Lebanon.
       
000s
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Middle Persian Empire
247 BCE - 670 CE
917
-
165 Battle of Ctesiphon
198 Battle of Ctesiphon
Sassanid Empire
224 - 651
427
- Persia 4 @ Ardashir-Khwarrah &Ctesiphon, Iraq,
Middle Persian, 7,400,000 km2
224 - 41 17 Ardashir 1
241 - 72 31 Shapur 1
240 Sapor became ruler of Persia. He defeated Romans & flayed Valerian.
244 Battle of Xingshi
244 Battle of Misiche
272 - 3 1 Hormizd 1
273 - 6 3 Bahram 1
216 - 76 60 Mani (prophet) of Assyria, Iraq. founder of Manichaeism
276 - 93 17 Bahram 2
293 Bahram 3
293 - 302 9 Narseh
245 - 325 80 Iamblichus Assyrian Neoplatonist philosopher
Sassanid Empire
224 - 651 427
302 - 9 7 Hormizd 2
309 - 79 70 Shapur 2
344 Battle of Singara
- 350 About this time Huns begin to invade Sassanid Empire.
363 Battle of Ctesiphon
363 Battle of Samarra
379 - 83 4 Ardashir 2
383 - 8 5 Shapur 3
388 - 99 11 Bahram 4
399 - 420 41 Yazdgard 1
Sassanid Empire
224 - 651 427
420 - 38 18 Bahram 5
438 - 57 19 Yazdgard 2
457 - 59 2 Hormizd 3
459 - 84 25 Peroz
484 - 8 4 Balash
488 - 97 9 Kavad 1
497 - 9 2 Zamasp
 
Kingdom of Araba
100s
- Middle East 0*
     
 
Roman
Province of Mesopotamia

116 - 7
1
116 - 7 1 Trajan
     
 
Roman Province of Assyria
116 - 8
2
116 - 8 2 Trajan
     
 
Roman Province of Mesopotamia
198 - 330
132
-
Roman Province of Mesopotamia
198 - 330 132
-
Roman Province of Mesopotamia
198 - 330 132
-
 
     
Byzantine
Province of Mesopotamia

330 - 640 310
-
Byzantine
Province of Mesopotamia

330 - 640
310
-
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