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| 1050s Qarakhanid Empire splits in two: one rules over Western Turkestan (Transoxiana), other over Eastern Turkestan (the Tarim Basin). |
| 1093 - 1166 Khoja Akhmet Yassawi Turkestan (city) |
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| 1130 Kitan are driven southwest, defeat Seljuk & establish Karakitai state |
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| 1270 Uighur Kingdom is defeated by rebels. |
| 1284 Uighur Kingdom is absorbed into Chagatai Khanate. |
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| 1327 Chagatay khan Tarmashirin converts to Islam |
| 1395 Khazak horde seizes Khazakstan from Chagatai & Golden hordes |
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| 1490s Kazakh Empire is established on Central Asian steppes. |
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Gurganj An empire built from Khwarezm, covering part of Iran & neighbouring Central Asia.
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Urgench  1218 3.6M KM
| 1220 Mongols conquer Merv (Turkmenistan) |
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| execution of Mongol envoys by Khwarezmian Shah Muhammad sets in motion first Mongol westward thrust. |
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| 1460 Turcomans invade Persia & Mesopotamia |
| Decline of overland Trade Routes including Silk Road, due to a new emphasis on trade by sea. |
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Urgench, Uzbekistan
| 1048 - 1100 52 Rubaiyat of Omar Khayyam is written by Omar Khayyam of Bukhara, Uzbekhistan sometime after 1048. |
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| 1140 - 41 Battle of Qatwan Steppe Qarakhitais defeat Seljuq Sultan Sanjar at , thus gaining power in Transoxiana. |
| 1048 - 1131 83 Omar Khayyám, Uzbekistan. Persian poet, mathematician, philosopher & astronomer |
| 1048 - 1131 83 Omar Khayyám, Bukhara, Uzbekhistan. Persian poet & astronomer |
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Shaybanid Horde
259
@
| 1241 - ? Shiban ^^ Ghengis Khan |
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| 1219 Khwarizm Khan empire (Uzbekistan) Conquered by Genghis |
| 1220 Mongols capture Bukhara & Samarkand, defeating Khwarezmians. |
1219 Mongol Invasion of Transoxiana cross Jaxartes River (Syr Darya) & begin their .   |
| 1282 new Shaybanid khan Uzbek converts Shaybanid horde to Islam & his horde becomes known as Uzbeks |
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| 1342 Shaybanid khan Uzbek dies |
| 1326 Khan Converts to Islam |
1348 - 63 15 Tughluq Temur (@ Mogulistan 1358 - 63 5)
Ilyas Khodja (@ Mogulistan 1363 - 8 5) |
| From 1370 on, Chagatai Khans were puppets of Timur. |
| Sultan Mahmud (Mohammed II) 1388 - 1402
Khans of Mughalistan |
| 1348 - 63 15 Ilyas Khoja (in Western Chagatai Khanate 1363) |
| 1363 - 8 5 Qamar UdDin (in Kashgar; a usurper) 13681392 |
| 1418 - 21 3 Awais Khan, Uwais Khan ibn Sher 'Ali (also spelled Vais Khan d. 1429 |
1462 - 87 25 Yunus Khan (@ Uyghurstan 1472 - 87 15)
Moghulistan split in two, western & eastern (Uyghurstan). For khans of Turfan, see Khans of Uyghurstan, below. |
1508 Uzbek Khan Seybani conquered Tashkent. Mahmud Khan & his sons executed.
Mansur Khan ibn Ahmad (Ahmad Khan's Son) (in Turfan 1503 - 1543) |
1514 He conquered Kashgar & Tarim Basin from Dughlats. & established Yarkand Khanate.
Said Khan successors : |
| 1533 - 88 55 Kuraysh (Khotan; Turfan 1570 - 1588) 1571 - 1588 |
| 1638 - 69 31 Abdallah (in Turfan 1634/51638/9) d. 1675 - |
1687 remnants of state fell to Aqtaghlyq, a confederation under influence of Dzungars.
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Shaybanid Horde
1241 - 1500 259
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| 1310s Chagatai Khanate splits in two parts: Transoxiana (West) & Moghulistan (East). |
| 1398 Dehli Conquered by Timur Lame (Tamerlame), king of Samarkand. Timur's Turkish army devastates sultanate of Dehli, exterminates local Hindu population, & then leaves. |
| 1294 - 1307 Temur Oljeytu Khan |
| 1328 - 9 Jijaghatu ToqTemur |
| 1329 - 32 Jijaghatu ToqTemur |
| 1337 Birth of Timuri Lang brutal ruler of Samarkand who cuts a wide swath of destruction across Persia & Middle East. Timur founds Timurid Dynasty & becomes infamous for building pyramids out of skulls of his slain enemies. |
| 1350 Shaybani horde (southeast of Urals) renames itself Uzbek |
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Shaybanid Horde
1241 - 1500 259
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| 1440 Uzbeks move south to Transoxiana under Abu alKhayr |
| 1407 - 49 rule of Shah Rukh's son Ulugh Beg 1394 - 1449 in Samarkand. |
| 1497 Babur (1483 - 1530), ruler of Ferghana, captures Samarkand. |
| 1346 - 63 17 rule of Chagatai Khan Tughlug Timur in Transoxiana. |
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| 1019 - 85 66 Yusuf Balasaghuni Uyghur Turkish scribe. China. |
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| 1100s Karakhanid mausoleum in Uzgen Kyrgestan |
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Mughulistan
1227 - 1306 79
Yarkand, Kashgar, China. Mainly Kyrgestan.
| 1266 - 71 5 Baraq / Ghiyath ad Dîn |
| 1272 - 82 10 Buqa / Toqa Temu |
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| 1210 Khwarezmians defeat Qarakhitais. |
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Mughulistan
1227 - 1306 79
Yarkand, Kashgar, China. Mainly Kyrgestan.
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| 940 - 1000 60 AbuMahmud alKhujandi of Tajikhistan. |
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| 1137 Qarakhitai defeat Qarakhanids (now vassals of Seljuqs) at Khojent. |
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Kazakhstan
Turkmenistan
Uzbekistan
Tajikistan
Kyrgyzstan
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