1000s
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1100s
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1300s
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1400s
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G Khan  
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Crimean |
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1000s |
1100s |
1200s |
1300s |
1400s |
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Polotsk
Monomashichi Rurikids
1129 - 32 3 |
Vitebsk Ruirikids
1132 - 51 19 |
Minsk Rurikids
1151 - 9 8 |
Vitebsk Rurikids
1162 - 7 5 |
Vitebsk Rurikids
1167 - 1215 48 |
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Polotsk
Drutsk Rurikids
1215 - 22 7 |
Smolensk Rurikids
1222 - 3 1 |
Vitebsk Rurikids
1232 - 42 10 |
Lithuanian Rulers
1267 - 97 30 |
| 1267 - 80 13 Iziaslav of Vitebsk |
| 1280 - 90 10 Konstantin Tovtivilovich |
| 1290 - 1307 17 Part of Archbishopric of Riga |
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Polotsk
| 1307 - 16 9 Vainius (Voin) |
| 1386 - 7 1 Andrei of Polotsk 2ndx |
| 1387 - 97 10 Skirgaila 2ndx |
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Kingdom of Poland
1025 - 1569 544
|
| Boleslav 4 Curly, high duke of Poland |
| 1000s - 1300s Wawel Cathedral |
| 1025 - Gniezno Cathedral coronates Bolesław I Chrobry |
|
Kingdom of Poland
1025 - 1569 544
| 1130 - 44 14 Płock Cathedral |
Fragmentation of Kingdom of Poland, 1138–1314 |
1173 - 7 4 Mieszko 3 Old
(Mieszko 3 Stary) ^ Boleslas III & Salomea
also Duke of Greater Poland |
1177 - 90 13 Casimir 2 Just
(Kazimierz 2 Sprawiedliwy) ^ Boleslas III & Salomea
also Duke of Wiślica & Sandomierz |
| 1187 - 1901 Cathedral Basilica of St James Apostle, Szczecin |
|
1109  Battle of Nakło Boleslaus 3 Wrymouth defeats Pomeranians & reestablishes Polish access to sea. |
| 1190s St Marys Cathedral, Gorzów Wielkopolski |
|
Kingdom of Poland
1025 1569 544
1200s  Będzin Castle
|
| 1200s Chęciny Castle |
| 1247 - 1945 298 St_ Nicholas Cathedral, Elbląg |
| 1254 Kamienna Góra Castle |
1288 Boleslas 7 grandson of Conrad of Masovia
Duke of Masovia |
1288 - 9 1 Henry 3 Probus paternal grandson of Henry II
maternal grandson of Konrad I
son of Henry 3 White & Judyta of Masovia
Duke of Lower Silesia |
| 1288 Rawa Mazowiecka Castle |
| 1292 - 1951 659 Wrocław Cathedral |
|
| 1292 Książ Castle |
1238 Tatar Burundi invades Poland   at Volga river
I Tartari (Tartars) 1961 |
1287 Mongol invasion of Poland
|
| 1241 - 2 1 Mongol invasion of Europe |
| 1241 Batus "Blue Horde" invade Poland Hungary & Balkans |
|
Kingdom of Poland
1025 - 1569 544
|
| 1308 Teutonic takeover of Danzig (Gdańsk) |
| Reunification of Poland under Ladislaus 1 of Poland |
| 1385 Union of Krewo between Poland & Lithuania. |
| 1300s University of Cracow Founded |
| 1300s Kazimierz Dolny Castle |
| 1300s Koło Castle |
| 1315 Pieskowa Skała Castle |
| 1329 Kętrzyn Castle |
| 1331 Battle of Plowce |
| 1338 Koźmin Wielkopolski Castle |
| 1348 Odrzykoń Castle |
| 1350 - 60 Nowy Sącz Castle |
| 1370 Łęczyca Castle |
| 1360 Sandomierz Cathedral |
| 1390 - 1940s St. Johns Cathedral , Warsaw |
|
Kingdom of Poland
1025 - 1569 544
1447 - 92 45 Kazimierz 4 ^ Ladislas II & Sophia of Halshany
also Grand Duke of Lithuania 1440 - 1492 |
|
1410 Battle of Grunwald , Teutonics beaten by Polish
Krzyzacy (Black Cross) 1960 |
| 1326 - 32 6 Polish–Teutonic War |
| 1454 - 66 12 13 Years War After defeating Teutonic Knights in , Poland annexes Royal Prussia. |
| 1428 Pomeranian Dukes Castle , Szczecin |
| 1443 - 1900 St. Nicholas Cathedral BielskoBiała |
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State of Teutonic Order
1224 - 1525 301
1308 - 1454 146 Marienburg, Poland
1454 - 1525 101 Königsberg, Russia
Roman Catholicism
Theocracy
| 1198 - 1200 2 Heinrich Walpot von Bassenheim |
| 1200 - 8 8 Otto von Kerpen |
| 1208 - 9 1 Heinrich von Tunna |
| 1209 - 39 30 Hermann von Salza |
| 1239 - 40 1 Konrad von Thüringen |
| 1240 - 4 4 Gerhard von Malberg |
| 1244 - 9 5 Heinrich von Hohenlohe |
| 1249 - 52 3 Günther von Wüllersleben |
| 1252 - 6 4 Poppo von Osterna |
| 1256 - 73 17 Anno von Sangershausen |
| 1273 - 82 9 Hartmann von Heldrungen |
| 1282 - 90 8 Burchard von Schwanden |
| 1290 - 7 7 Konrad von Feuchtwangen |
| 1297 - 1303 6 Gottfried von Hohenlohe |
|
|
State of Teutonic Order
1224 - 1525 301
@
Marienburg, Poland (1308 - 1454 146),
Königsberg, Russia (1454 - 1525 101)
Roman Catholicism
Theocracy
| 1297 - 1303 6 Gottfried von Hohenlohe |
| 1303 - 11 8 Siegfried von Feuchtwangen |
| 1311 - 24 13 Karl von Trier |
| 1324 - 30 6 Werner von Orseln |
1331 - 5 4 Luther von Braunschweig (Lothar)
|
| 1335 - 41 6 Dietrich von Altenburg |
| 1345 - 51 6 Heinrich Dusemer |
| 1351 - 82 31 Winrich von Kniprode |
| 1382 - 90 8 Conrad Zöllner von Rothenstein |
| 1391 - 3 2 Konrad von Wallenrode |
| 1393 - 1407 14 Konrad von Jungingen |
|
|
State of Teutonic Order
1224 - 1525 301
@
Marienburg, Poland (1308 - 1454 146),
Königsberg, Russia (1454 - 1525 101)
Roman Catholicism
Theocracy
| 1393 - 1407 14 Konrad von Jungingen |
| 1407 - 10 3 Ulrich von Jungingen |
| 1410 - 3 3 Heinrich von Plauen |
| 1414 - 22 8 Michael Küchmeister von Sternberg |
| 1422 - 41 19 Paul von Rusdorf |
| 1441 - 9 8 Konrad von Erlichshausen |
| 1449 - 67 18 Ludwig von Erlichshausen |
| 1467 - 70 3 Heinrich Reuß von Plauen |
| 1470 - 7 7 Heinrich Reffle von Richtenberg |
| 1477 - 89 12 Martin Truchseß von Wetzhausen |
| 1489 - 97 8 Johann von Tiefen |
| 1497 - 1510 13 Frederick of Saxony |
| 1510 - 25 15 Albert of BrandenburgAnsbach (Albert of Prussia) |
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1100s |
1200s |
1300s |
1400s |
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Kingdom of Bohemia
1198 - 1918 720
Prague, Czech Republic
|
| 1131 Saint Wenceslas Cathedral |
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|
| Charles IV, King of Bohemia, one of most powerful men in Europe. |
| 1369 1415 46 Jan Hus, Bohemian religious thinker & reformer |
|
| 1420 - 34 14 Hussite Wars in Bohemia |
| 1470s - 1500s Pravda Castle Occupied |
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1000s |
1100s |
1200s |
1300s |
1400s |
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| 1100s Markušovce Castle Slovakia |
| 1128 Považský hrad Castle |
|
| 1200s Šariš Castle |
| 1242 Fiľakovo Castle |
1245 - 73 28 St. Martins Cathedral  Spišská Kapitula |
|
| 1333 Krásna Hôrka Castle |
| 1341 Liptovský Hrádok Castle |
| 1311 - 1452 St. Martins Cathedral , Bratislava |
| 1333 - 1642 St. Emmerams Cathedral , Nitra |
| 1378 - 1508 St Elisabeth Cathedral |
| 1348 Ducové city 1st Mentioned Slovakia |
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| 1400 Holy Trinity Cathedral Žilina |
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1000s |
1100s |
1200s |
1300s |
1400s |
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1st Kingdom of Hungary
1000 - 1538 538
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| Batus younger brother Shayban raids Hungary & then splits, establishing Shaybanid Horde |
|
1st Kingdom of Hungary
1000 1538 538
| 1310 - 42 32 Charles 1 (I. Károly) (1288 - 1342 54) military, diplomatic & financial reformer |
| 1310 Holloko Castle |
| 1342 - 82 40 Louis 1 Great (Nagy Lajos) *Poland 70 King of Hungary, Croatia, Dalmatia, Jerusalem, Sicily & Poland from 1370. He led campaigns From Lithuania to Southern Italy, From Poland to Northern Greece. He had greatest military potential of century with his enormous armies.(Often over 100,000 men) |
Holy Roman Empire
1387 - 1439 52 |
|
| 1395 King Sigismund of Hungary sends emissaries to various European powers to request help to defend his borders against Ottoman Turks. Bajazet, Ottoman sultan, had boasted that he would drive through Hungary, into Italy, & turn St. Peters Cathedral into a stable for his horses. |
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1100s |
1200s |
1300s |
1400s |
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 Principality of Polotsk
945 - 1307 362
Turov Rurikids 1
1069 - 71 2 |
Polotsk Rurikids 2
1071 - 1129 58 |
|
| 1044 - 66 Holy Wisdom Cathedral in Polotsk |
|
Principality of Polotsk
945 - 1307 362
Monomashichi Rurikids 1
1129 - 32 3 |
Vitebsk Ruirikids 1
1132 - 44 12 |
Drutsk Rurikids 1
1144 - 51 7 |
Minsk Rurikids 1
1151 - 9 8 |
Drutsk Rurikids 2
1159 - 62 3 |
Vitebsk Rurikids 2
1162 - 7 5 |
Vitebsk Rurikids 3
1167 - 1215 48 |
|
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Principality of Polotsk
945 - 1307 362
1200s Hrodna Batory Old Castle
|
Drutsk Rurikids 3
1215 - 32 17 |
Smolensk Rurikids
1222 - 32 10 |
Vitebsk Rurikids 4
1232 - 42 10 |
Lithuanian Rulers
1267 - 1307 40 |
| 1290 - 1307 17 Part of Archbishopric of Riga |
|
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Principality of Polotsk
945 - 1307 362
1290 - 1307 17 Part of Archbishopric of Riga
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1000s |
1100s |
1200s |
1300s |
1400s |
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Polity of Kievan Rus
882 - 1240 358
@ Kiev
| 1018 Kiev Expedition Polish intervention into who would be ruler of Kiev & state of Kievan Rus |
| 1037 Construction begins on Saint Sophia Cathedral in Kiev. |
|
| 1093 Battle of Stugna River |
|
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@ Kiev
| 1095 - 1117 22 Mstislav 1 Great 2ndx |
| 1132 - 6 4 Vsevolod of Pskov (2nd time) |
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@ Kiev
| 1240 Kiev falls to Mongols & Russia comes under Mongol yoke. |
|
| 1206 Vsevolod Chermnyi Svyatoslavich, |
|
| 12 - 1700s Uzhhorod Castle |
| 1200 Kamianets-Podilskyi Castle |
| 1223 Battle of Kalka River |
|
Princes of Kiev In early 1320s, a Lithuanian army led by Gediminas defeated a Slavic army led by Stanislav of Kiev at Battle on Irpen River, & conquered city. Tatars, who also claimed Kiev, retaliated in 1324–1325, so while Kiev was ruled by a Lithuanian prince, it had to pay a tribute to Golden Horde. Finally, as a result of Battle of Blue Waters in 1362, Kiev & surrounding areas were incorporated into Grand Duchy of Lithuania by Algirdas, Grand Duke of Lithuania.
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| 1490s - 1517 Lugano Cathedral |
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| 1126 - 39 13 Vsevolod 2 of Kiev, |
| 1176 98 22 Yaroslav 2 Vsevolodovich |
| 1198 1201 3 Igor Svyatoslavich Brave |
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| 1201 - 4 3 Oleg 3 Svyatoslavich |
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Principality of Pereyaslavl
1175 - 1302 127
| 1239 Capital city destroyed by Mongols |
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Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia
1199 - 1349 150
@ Volodymyr, Halych, Lviv
| 1199 - 1205 6 Roman Great, Prince of Novgorod (1168 - 70), Prince of Volhynia (1170 - 88, 1189 - 1205), Prince of Halych (1188, 1199 - 1205), & Prince of Kiev (1204 - 1205) 1160 - 1205 45 |
| 1205 - 64 59 Daniel of Galicia, held many titles since early childhood culminating with crowning by a papal legate, archbishop Opizo, in Dorohychyn in 12531201–1264 |
| 1293 - 1301 8 Lev 1, Prince of Belz (1245 - 64), Prince of Peremyshl & Halych (1264–1269) who moved capital of Galicia from Kholm to Lviv in 1272 1228 - 1301 |
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| 1349 Annexed by Poland & Lithuania. |
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Vassal State of Keivan Rus
1240 - 1362 122
Vassals to Golden Horde
| 1241 - 3 2 Michael of Chernigov (second time) |
| 1143 - 6 3 Yaroslav 2 of Vladimir (second time) |
| 1290 - 1301 11 VolodymyrIvan Ivanovich |
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1100s |
1200s |
1300s |
1400s |
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| 1371 - 1520 Sibiu Lutheran Cathedral |
| 1386 - 1476 Biserica Neagră Cathedral |
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Principality of Moldavia
1346 - 1859 113
1343 - 88 45 Baia, Siret
1388 - 1564 176 Suceava
1564 - 1859 295 Iaşi
Romanian (commonly used, later official), Church Slavonic (in early official use)
Absolute Monarchy
Taler
Nondynastic 1
1347 - 63 6 |
| 1354 - 63 9 Sas ^ Deposed |
| 1375 - 91 16 Petru 1 Muşatin possibly ^ Costea |
| 1399 - 1400 1 Luga < deposed by intervention of Mircea of Wallachia |
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1000s |
1100s |
1200s |
1300s |
1400s |
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1200s |
1300s |
1400s |
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| 1014 Battle of Kleidon Bulgarian army is completely defeated at , @ Klyuch, Bulgaria. Basil 2 becomes known as Bulgar Slayer. |
| 1018 Bulgaria surrenders & is annexed to Byzantine empire. whole of Balkans is incorporated into Byzantine Empire, with Danube as new Imperial Frontier in north. |
|
1185 - 1393 208 TsarevetsPanorama Castle
| 1185 VlachBulgarian Rebellion Byzantine lands lost in Balkans. |
|
| 11 - 1300s Cherven Castle |
| 1122 Battle of Beroia Bulgaria. results in disappearance of Pechenegs as an independent force. |
| 1122 Battle of Beroia Byzantium defeats Pechenegs at , Bulgaria. |
2nd Bulgarian Empire
1185 - 1422 237
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| 1356 Belogradchik Fortress |
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Ottoman Eyalet of Rumelia
1362 - 1826 464
@ Adrianople (Edirne), Turkey, Monastir (Bitola), Macedonia, Sofia Bulgaria
| 1444 Battle of Varna |
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1000s |
1100s |
1200s |
1300s |
1400s |
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Volga Bulgarian Kingdom
600s - 1240s 640s
|
| 1024 - 1719 Suzdal Kremlin |
| 1060 pagan Oghuz, known to Byzantines as Cumans, move into Russian steppe. |
| 1068 Cumans defeat South Russian princes. |
| 1242 Battle of Lake Peipus Russians defeat Teutonic Knights |
| 1223 Battle of Kalka River Mongol Empire defeats various Russian principalities |
| 1054 Russian legal code oM. |
| 1057 Ostromir Gospels of Novgorod are written. |
| 1445 Battle of Suzdal Kazan Khanate defeats Grand Duchy of Moscow |
| Andrei I Bogolyubsky, Prince of Suzdal, Russia. |
| 1008 Leningrad Codex, one of oldest full manuscripts of Hebrew Bible, is completed. |
| 1470 Moldavian forces under Stephen Great defeat Tatars of Golden Horde at Battle of Lipnic. |
| Ephraim of Pereyaslavl, Eastern Orthodox saint & bishop of Pereyaslav, Ukraine. |
| George Maniaces, Greek Byzantine general |
| Hilarion of Kiev, first nonGreek Metropolitan bishop of Kiev |
| Peter Deylan, leader of a Bulgarian uprising against Byzantine Empire |
| 1480 After Great standing on Ugra river, Muscovy gained independence from Great Horde. |
| 1052 Saint Sophia Cathedral in Novgorod completed. Oldest existent church in Russia. |
| 1440s Golden Horde breaks up into Siberia Khanate, Khanate of Kazan, Astrakhan Khanate, Crimean Khanate, & Great Horde. |
| 1410 Battle of Grunwald was decisive battle of Polish Lithuanian Teutonic War leading to downfall of Teutonic Knights. |
| Stephen 3 of Moldavia, also known as Stephen Great, ruler of Moldavia, national hero of Romanians for long resistance to Ottomans (1437 - 1504) |
| 1078 Oleg 1 of Chernigov is defeated in battle by his brother Vsevolod I of Kiev; Oleg escaped to Tmutarakan, but was imprisoned by Khazars, sent to Constantinople as a prisoner, & then exiled to Rhodes. |
| 1093 Battle of Stugna River Kypchaks defeat princes of Kievan Rus at |
| 11 - 1800s Ryazan Kremlin |
|
Volga Bulgarian Kingdom
600s - 1240s 640s
|
| 1100s - 1838 Yaroslavl Kremlin |
| 1122 Russians defeat Cumans. |
1223 - 1480 257 Tatar raids in Russia |
1157 George built Moscow. |
| 1168 - 1389 221 Vladimin Suzdal of Russia |
| 1101 - 50 Assumption Cathedral in Smolensk |
| 1102 - 1600s Nativity Cathedral Suzdal |
| 1158 - 89 Dormition Cathedral, Vladimir |
|
Volga Bulgarian Kingdom
600s - 1240s 640s
|
| 1206 Zengis Khan took Central Asia. |
| 13 - 1500s Alexandrov Kremlin |
1200s Attack on Teutonic knights
Alexander Nevsky 1938 |
| 1242 TeutonicNovogorod War |
| 1223 Battle of Kalka River a first Mongol horde defeats a coalition of Russian princes on |
| 1223 - 1480 257 Mongol invasion of Rus |
| 1223/24 Mongols, in pursuit of Khwarezmian shah, encounter Russians on river Kalka, where they defeat them. |
| Kipchak Khanate divides into White & Golden Hordes. |
| 1240 Battle of Neva River |
| 1262 Battle of Terek River |
|
| 1300s - 1774 Goritsky Monastery |
| 1337 - 1892 Trinity Lavra of St. Sergius |
| 1345 Siege of Kaffa |
| 1352 - 1669 Saint Euthymius Monastery |
| 1374 - 1840 Vysotsky Monastery |
| 1380 Battle of Kulikovo |
| 1389 - 1836 Spaso-Yakovlevsky Monastery |
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| 1400s AlexanderSvirsky Monastery |
| 1432 - 1840 Ipatiev Monastery |
| 1479 - 1696 JosephVolokolamsk Monastery |
| 1495 Moscow Kremlin from Kamenny bridge |
| 1463 Battle of Vistula Lagoon |
| 1482 - 1698 220 "Czars" of Russia |
| 1464 - 65 Muscovite Prince Ivan III (the Great, reigned 1462 - 1505) sends an embassy to Abu Said. |
| Part of Golden Horde splits off to form Khanate of Astrakhan |
| 1480 Ivan 3 liberates Russia from Mongols |
| Ivan 3 throws off Mongol yoke & proclaims himself Czar of Russia. |
| 1490 Husayn Bayqara sends an embassy to Moscow. |
| 14 - 1800s Volokolamsk Kremlin |
| 1400 Walls of Novgorod Kremlin Veliky Novgorod Completed |
|
1st Pskov Republic
862 - 1230s 370s
Pskov
| 1237 - 40 3 Mongols Conquer Russia |
|
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1st Pskov Republic
862 - 1230s 370s
Pskov |
|
1st Pskov Republic
862 - 1230s 370s
Pskov
| 1230s Joined Novgorod Republic |
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2nd Pskov Republic
1348 - 1510 162
Pskov |
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2nd Pskov Republic
1348 - 1510 162
Pskov |
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| 1322 - 5 3 Yury of Moscow |
| 1325 - 7 2 Alexander of Tver |
| 1328 - 37 9 Ivan 1 of Moscow (Kalita, "the Moneybag") |
| 1355 - 9 4 Ivan 2 of Moscow |
| 1359 - 63 4 Dmitry of Suzdal |
| 1363 - 89 26 Dmitry Donskoy |
| 1389 - 92 3 & 1406 - 11 5 Lengvenis of Lithuania |
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| 1478 Conquered by Muscovy |
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Vladimir-Suzdal Principality
1168 - 1389 221
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Vladimir-Suzdal Principality
1168 - 1389 221
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Vladimir-Suzdal Principality
1168 - 1389 221
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Golden Horde
1240s - 1466 220s
@ |
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Grand Princes of Tver
1246 - 1485 241
|
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Grand Princes of Tver
1246 - 1485 639
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Grand Princes of Tver
1246 - 1485 639
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Grand Duchy of Moscow
1283 - 1547 264
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Grand Duchy of Moscow
1283 - 1547 264
| 1340 - 53 13 Simeon Proud ^ =Anastasia of Lithuania 0C & Maria of Tver 4S X37 |
| 1353 - 9 6 Ivan 2 ^Prince Ivan 1 & Helena =Fedosia Dmitrievna of Bryansk 0C & Alexandra Ivanovna Velyaminova 4C X33 |
| 1382 Tokhtamysh sacks & burns Moscow. |
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