Lives/Generations 900,000 - 1 180,000 900 Km 10,000/Block
| 900,000 - 720,000 180,000 900 Km
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720,000 - 540,000 180,000 720 Km
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540,000 - 360,000 180,000 540 Km
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360,000 - 180,000 180,000 360 Km
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180,000 - 1 180,000 180 Km
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Pole Shifts (100 of 122 shown)
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1st Galactic year 250 to present
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| Gigantopithecus 9 - 100,000 7,900,000 |
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Gorilla & Orangatan 17 |
Paleolithic Age 3.3M - |
| Gibbon, Siamang & Gorilla-Human <> Catarrhine Monkeys 36 |
Gibbon & Siamang <> Gorilla, Oranatan, Chimp, Bonobo, Human 24 |
Gibbon <> Siamang
10.2 |
Humans Separate fm Apes 6.5 - P |
| Tertiary Period (Upper Tertiary, Late Tertiary) 66 - 2.58 63.42 |
Rupelian Age
33.9 - 27.826.08
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Chattian Age
27.82 - 23.03 7.79
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Oligocene Epoch 33.9 - 23.03 10.87 |
Paleogene Period 66 - 23.03 37.97 |
Aquitanian Age
23.03 - 20.44 2.59
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Burdigalian Age
20.44 - 15.97 4.47
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Langhian Age
15.97 - 13.82 2.15
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Serravalian Age
13.82 - 11.63 2.19
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Tortonian Age
11.63 - 7.246 4.384
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Messinian Age
7.246 - 5.333 1.913
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Miocene Epoch 23.03 - 5.333 17.697 |
Zanclean5.3 - 3.6
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Piacenzian3.6 - 2.6
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Pliocene Epoch
5.3 - 2.58 |
Neogene Period 23.03 - 2.58 |
Quaternary
2.58 - Present |
Cenozoic Era 65 - Present |
Cenozoic Era
65 - Present
Paleogene Period
66 - 23.03 37.97
Oligocene Epoch
33.9 - 23.03 10.87
Rupelian Age
33.9 - 27.826.08
30 ><Aegyptopithecus - Haplorrhini splits into infraorders 1 Platyrrhini New World monkeys have prehensile tails & males are color blind. migrated to S America
2 Catarrhini mostly stayed in Africa as 2 continents drifted apart. lemurs. Soon males gain color vision but lose pheromone pathway |
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Chattian Age
27.82 - 23.03 7.79
| 0 Paragloborotalia kugleri Extinct |
| 0 Reticulofenestra bisecta Extinct |
25 ><Proconsul Catarrhini Splits into 2 superfamilies Mixture of Old World monkey & ape characteristics.
1 Old World monkeys Cercopithecoidea thin tooth enamel, light build, narrow chest, short forelimbs, arboreal quadrupedal lifestyle.
2 apes Hominoidea lack of tail, ape-like elbows, slightly larger brain relative to body |
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| 23 - 14 9 Proconsul africanus is a possible ancestor of both great & lesser apes, & humans. |
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Cenozoic Era
65 - Present
Paleogene Period
66 - 23.03 37.97
Oligocene Epoch
33.9 - 23.03 10.87
Chattian Age
27.82 - 23.03 7.79 |
Tectonic plate movement still very dynamic. Africa & Europe nearly collide closing Tethys Sea & leaving as a remnant Mediterranean Sea. Volcanism & fragmentation of W N America leaves ore deposits
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| southeren ocean forms & climate is generally temperate. Glaciation begins in Antarctica. |
Representatives of modern mammals become dominant vertebrate life form, including horses, pigs, true carnivores, rhinoceroses, elephants, &
camels.
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| Oreodonts diversify in North America. Early primates appear in North America, & early apes appear in Egypt. Many archaic mammals become extinct. |
53.5 Cetaceans baleen & toothed whales
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| Grasslands expand, & forests diminish. |
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Neogene Period
23.03 - 2.58
Miocene Epoch
23.03 - 5.333 17.697
Aquitanian Age
23.03 - 20.44 2.59
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Burdigalian Age
20.44 - 15.97 4.47
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Modern ocean currents established
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| A drop in sea level near end of Epoch isolates & dries up Mediterranean Sea, leaving evaporite deposits on its floor. |
| climate is generally cooler than Oligocene Epoch. |
| Cold transantarctic ocean current isolates waters around Antarctica permanently freezing it |
| Mammal forms essentially modern & almost 1/2 placental mammal families present. mastodon ancestor disperses into N America |
| Almost all modern groups of whales are present, as well as early seals & walruses. |
| Many modern birds—herons, rails, ducks, eagles, hawks, crows, sparrows—are present in Europe & Asia. |
| Higher primates undergo substantial evolution; advanced primates, including apes, are present in southern Europe & Asia. |
| Carcharocles megalodon largest shark ever |
| coasts are submerged & kelp forests develop. |
| On land, grasslands replace forests over large areas on several continents. |
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Cenozoic Era
65 - Present
Neogene Period
23.03 - 2.58
Miocene Epoch 23.03 - 5.333 17.697
Burdigalian Age
20.44 - 15.97 4.47
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Langhian Age
15.97 - 13.82 2.15
| 15 ><Human ancestors speciate from ancestors of gibbon (lesser apes). |
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Serravalian Age
13.82 - 11.63 2.19
13 Pierolapithecus catalaunicus Common ancestor of humans & great apes
| 13 Human ancestors >< ancestors of great apes. |
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- Plate tectonics & volcanic activity form Rockies in western North America.
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| Erosion fills basins. Continental collisions between India & Asia culminate in Alpine-Himalayan mountain system. Antarctica & Australia continue to separate & drift apart. |
| climate is subtropical & moist throughout N America & Europe |
| Archaic whales (archeocetes) >< terrestrial meat-eating ungulates. |
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Cenozoic Era
65 - Present
Neogene Period
23.03 - 2.58
Miocene Epoch
23.03 - 5.333 17.697
Serravalian Age
13.82 - 11.63 2.19
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Tortonian Age
11.63 - 7.246 4.384
10 Human ancestors speciate from ancestors of gorillas.
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Messinian Age
7.246 - 5.333 1.913
7 - 6.2 .8 ><Sahelanthropus tchadensis Human ancestors speciate from ancestors of chimpanzees.  |
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Cenozoic Era
65 - Present
Neogene Period
23.03 - 2.58
Miocene Epoch
23.03 - 5.333 17.697
Messinian Age
7.246 - 5.333 1.913
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Pliocene Epoch
5.333 - 2.58 2.753
Zanclean Age
5.3 - 3.6 2.7
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Piacenzian Age
3.6 - 2.6 1
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Quaternary Period
2.58 - Present
Pleistocene Epoch
2.58 million - 11,700
Gelasian Age
2.58 - 1.8 .78
| 2.5 - P 2.5 Sirenians: dugongs & manatees 1st evolve in shallow Tethys Sea. |
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Calabrian Age
1.8 - 781,000 1,019,000 |
Chibanian Age
781 - 126 655 |
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Holocene Epoch
11,650 years ago to present
Northgrippian
- 2,250Â 3986 |
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