(Suebic Kingdom of Galicia) Portugal

1st 409 - 56 47

409 - 38 29 Hermeric

438 - 48 10 Rechila

448 - 56 8 Rechiar

456 - 7 1 Aioulf

Suebic Civil War 456 - 69 13

457 - 60 3 Maldras ( in Lusitania, 457 in north)

457 Framta ( in north)

457 - 64 7 Richimund ( in north)

460 - 4 4 Frumar ( in Lusitania)

464 - 9 5 Remismund reunified kingdom

Dark Period 469 - 550 81

Julio - Claudian Dynasty 27 BC - 68 AD 95 Julian 27 BC - 14 AD

Claudian 41 - 68 27

Civil War

5 - 67 62 Paul of Tarsus

69 - 96 27 Tacitus Histories 100 10 10 69 Year of 4 emperors Roman Civil War 68 - 9 1 Galba 69 Otho 69 1st Battle of Bedriacum 69 2nd Battle of Bedriacum 69 Battle of Locus Castorum Flavian 69 - 96 27 69 - 79 10 Vespasian. 66 - 73 7 1st JewishRoman War 70 - 80 10 Colosseum (Flavian Amphitheater) constructed, origin of name Arena. 23 - 79 56 Pliny Elder Author, Naturalist, Natural Philosopher 79 - 81 2 Titus. 79 Destruction of Jerusalem. 79 Mount Vesuvius Eruption Pompeii & Herculaneum destroyed by of Last Days of Pompeii 1984 1935 Ultimi giorni di Pompei, Gli 1960 81 - 438 Ludus Magnus Amphitheater Rome 81 - 96 15 Domitian. 90s Codex replaces scroll. 90s Cityscape, detail of a Second Style wall painting from a bedroom in House of Publius Fannius Synistor, Boscoreale, is made. It is now at Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York. 90s Bedroom from House of Publius Fannius Synistor, Boscoreale is made. It is reconstructed with later furnishings at Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York. 90s Seascape, detail of a wall painting from Villa Farnesina, Rome, is made. 90s Young Woman Writing detail of a wall painting, from Pompeii, is made. It is now kept at Museo Archeologico Nazionale, Naples. 90s Mausoleum under Construction, relief from tomb of Haterius family, Via Labicana, Rome, is made. It is now kept at Musei Vaticani, Museo Gregoriano Profano, ex Lateranese, Rome. 90s MiddleAged Flavian Woman, is made. It is now kept at Musei Vaticani, Museo Gregoriano Profano, ex Lateranese, Rome. 98 Germania Tacitus 32M 1;09;54 98 Agricola Tacitus 40.8M 1;29;16

5 Good Emperors 96 - 180 84

Commodus 180 - 192

192 - 211 18 Septimius Severus. "Brave man." Visited Britain & built a wall at York & died there. 193 Rome Aureliusza Column

Crisis of 3rd Century 235 - 84 49

284 - 305 21 Diocletian.

286 capital moved from Rome to Ravenna

300 Good Shepherd, Orants & Story of Jonah, painted ceiling of Catacombs of Marcellinus & Peter, Rome, is made.

305 - 06 1 Chlorus 1. Constantius "Constantine Great"

305 - 11 6 Galerius. Junior CoEmperor

306 - 07 1 Flavius Valerus. Severus Junior CoEmperor

306 - 12 6 Maxentius. West Emperor

309 Romulus Temple Rome

312 Battle of Turin

312 Battle of Verona

312 Battle of Milvian Bridge

311 - 13 2 Maximinus Daia Co West Emperor

313 - 1754 Padua Cathedral

308 - 24 16 Licinius

306 - 37 31 Constantine Great 1st Christian Emperor. Made Constantinople capital of Rome.

Constantine & Cross 1962

324 St. John Lateran Basilica

330 - 60 30 Codex Sinaiticus & Codex Vaticanus Graecus 1st Christian Bibles

Ends persecution of Christians in Roman Empire (see also Constantinian shift) & Constantinople becomes new seat of government (New Rome)

331 Heathen temples in Rome destroyed.

337 Constantine 2

337 Constans

337 Constantius 2

350 9m Vetranio

360 - 63 3 Julian Publicly abandoned Christianity & adopted paganism.

Emperor Julian Letters

Emperor Julian Orations

Emperor Julian Satires

363 - 1914 Arezzo Cathedral

363 - 64 7m Jovianus

364 - 75 11 Valentinian 1 & ^ Cratian

300s - 1848 Aosta Cathedral

364 - 78 14 Valens Eastern.

367 - 83 16 Gratian.

370 - 4 4 Hun Invasion of Europe from Central Asian steppe.

375 - 568 Migration period of people entering Europe from north due to cold period.Beginning with anvasion of Europe by Huns in 375 and finishing with invasion of Lumbards in 568. migrants comprised war bands or tribes of 10,000 to 20,000 people,[5] but in the course of 100 years they numbered not more than 750,000 in total, compared to an average 39.9 million population of the Roman Empire at that time.

375 - 92 17 Valentinian 2. Western Empire.

376 - 82 6 Gothic War in Balkans 377 Concerning Virgins by Saint Ambrose 68.4M 2;29;21

378 Battle of Adrianople. Roman army defeated by Visigoth cavalry. Emperor Valens is killed.

379 - 95 16 Theodosius 1 became ruler of Eastern Empire of Rome. He began a 4year campaign against Goths. Pulled down statues of heathen gods. Officially divided Roman Empire into Greek or Eastern Empire with capital at Constantinople, & Roman or Western Empire with capitals at Mediolanum (Milan) & Ravenna. 129 yrs.

387 On Duties of Clergy by Saint Ambrose 240M 8;43;54

Bans pagan worship, Christianity is made official religion of Empire.

390s Atrium added in Old St. Peters Basilica, Rome.

390s San Sebastiano Gate Appian Road

390s Cubiculum of Leonis, Catacomb of Commodilla, near Rome.

394 Vesta Temple fire Rome.

394 Battle of Frigidus Visigoths defeat Romans in North Italy. Roman Frankish general Flavius Arbogast & Bauto die.

395 Roman Emperor Theodosius 1 dies, causing Roman Empire to split permanently.

337 97 60 Ambrose Christian theologian, bishop of Milan whose preaching converted Augustine

397 8 Confessions Saint Augustine 344M 12;32;41

395 - 423 28 Honorius.

400 City of God Saint Augustine 1.07G 40;27;49

402 Roman Empire moves capital from Mediolanum (Milan) to Ravenna

402 Battle of Pollentia

402 Battle of Verona

406 Battle of Faesulae

407 Constantine 3 leads many of Roman military units from Britain to Gaul, occupying Arles (Arelate). This is generally seen as Romes withdrawal from Britain.

409 Belgium revolted from Rome & all Germany was in motion for independence.

370 - 410 40 Alaric 1, king of Visigoths that sacked Rome

340 - 410 70 Tyrannius Rufinus Priest of Aquileia, hermit, Latin translator

410 Rome sacked by Visigoths led by their king Alaric.

410s Baptistry of Neon Ravenna

354 - 418 64 Pelagius Priest, father of Pelagianism

347 - 420 83 Jerome Christian hermit, priest, Latin translator of Bible & other theological works. Slovenia.

420 Enchiridion 70M 2;32

423 - 55 31 Valentinian 3.

426 Total withdrawal of Romans soldiers from Britain when Picts & Scots invaded from north. Saxons were invited over to assist in expelling them & gradually took possession of country. Saxon Heptarchy was formed, & existed until Egbert formed kingdom of England in

432 Battle of Ravenna

433 Attila invades Roman empire, sacking & pillaging over 70 cities.

360 - 435 75 John Cassian Christian monk & theologian. Romania.

451 Attila invades Roman empire

452 Aquileia is destroyed by Attila Hun

396 - 454 58 Aetius Last of great Roman generals

455 Rome Sacked by Vandals

455 1 Petronius Maximus.

455 - 56 1 Avitus.

456 Battle of Camp Canini

456 - 61 4 Majorian.

461 - 64 3 Libius Severus.

467 - 72 5 Anthemius.

400 - 71 71 Aspar Eastern Roman general & politician

405 - 72 67 Ricimer General, Politician

472 - 73 1 Olybrius.

473 - 74 1 Glycerius.

474 - 75 & 80 2 Julius Nepos.

475 - 76 1 Romulus Agustulus.

476 Odoacer overthrows Romulus Augustulus. End of Roman Empire. "Middle Ages" began & rise of feudal system. There was a Feudal Alliance between Odoacer, king of Western Empire & Euric. Euric formally resigned his provinces & received them again as fiefs of Rome.

476 poet Petrarch of Italy coins term Dark Ages to describe preceding 900 years in Europe, beginning with fall of Western Roman Empire in through to renewal embodied in Renaissance.

480 Assassination of Julius Nepos, last de jure Emperor of Western Roman Empire, in Dalmatia

@Rome Ostrogoths invaded Western Empire under Theodoric Great. One third of lands were given to his 500,000 troops. He married Clovis sister. Roman or Western Empire came under Ostrogothic monarchy of Italy with capitals at Ravenna & Verona.

493 Theodoric ousts Odoacer to become king of Italy.

493 - 526 33 Theodoric Great.