(Suebic Kingdom of Galicia) Portugal

1st 409 - 56 47

409 - 38 29 Hermeric
438 - 48 10 Rechila
448 - 56 8 Rechiar
456 - 7 1 Aioulf

Suebic Civil War 456 - 69 13

457 - 60 3 Maldras ( in Lusitania, 457 in north)
457 Framta ( in north)
457 - 64 7 Richimund ( in north)
460 - 4 4 Frumar ( in Lusitania)
464 Remismund reunified kingdom

Julio Claudian 27 BC - 68 AD 95 Julian 27 BC - 14 AD

Claudian 41 - 68 27

Civil War

5 - 67 62 Paul of Tarsus

69 - 96 27 Tacitus Histories 100 10 10 69 Year of 4 emperors Roman Civil War 68 - 9 1 Galba 69 Otho Flavian 69 96 27 69 - 79 10 Vespasian. 66 - 73 7 1st JewishRoman War 70 - 80 10 Colosseum (Flavian Amphitheater) constructed, origin of name Arena. 23 - 79 56 Pliny Elder Author, Naturalist, Natural Philosopher 79 - 81 2 Titus. 79 Destruction of Jerusalem. 79 Mount Vesuvius Eruption Pompeii and Herculaneum destroyed by of Last Days of Pompeii 1984 1935 Ultimi giorni di Pompei, Gli 1960 81 - 96 15 Domitian. 90s Codex replaces scroll. 90s Cityscape, detail of a Second Style wall painting from a bedroom in House of Publius Fannius Synistor, Boscoreale, is made. It is now at Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York. 90s Bedroom from House of Publius Fannius Synistor, Boscoreale is made. It is reconstructed with later furnishings at Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York. 90s Seascape, detail of a wall painting from Villa Farnesina, Rome, is made. 90s Young Woman Writing detail of a wall painting, from Pompeii, is made. It is now kept at Museo Archeologico Nazionale, Naples. 90s Mausoleum under Construction, relief from tomb of Haterius family, Via Labicana, Rome, is made. It is now kept at Musei Vaticani, Museo Gregoriano Profano, ex Lateranese, Rome. 90s MiddleAged Flavian Woman, is made. It is now kept at Musei Vaticani, Museo Gregoriano Profano, ex Lateranese, Rome. 98 Germania Tacitus 32M 1;09;54 98 Agricola Tacitus 40.8M 1;29;16

Roman Empire
27 BCE - 476 CE 503

5 Good Emperors 96 - 180

Commodus 180 - 192

192 - 211 18 Septimius Severus "Brave man." Visited Britain and built a wall at York and died there.
193 Rome Aureliusza Column

211 - 18 6 Caracalla

210s Caracalla Made. Now at Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York.

210s Burial in catacombs becomes common.

212 Constitutio Antoniniana grants citizenship to all free Roman men.

212 - 6 4 Baths of Caracalla.

200s Menorahs and Ark of Covenant, wall painting in a Jewish catacomb, Villa Torlonia (Rome), is made.

217 - 18 1 Macrinus
218 - 22 4 Elagabalus "Wanton, extravagant, depraved, and horribly cruel."
222 - 35 13 Alexander Severus Made reforms. Murdered.

305 - 06 1 Chlorus 1 Constantius "Constantine Great"
305 - 11 6 Galerius Junior CoEmperor
306 - 07 1 Flavius Valerus Severus Junior CoEmperor
306 - 12 6 Maxentius West Emperor
311 - 13 2 Maximinus Daia Co West Emperor
308 - 24 16 Licinius
306 - 37 31 Constantine Great 1st Christian Emperor. Made Constantinople capital of Rome.
Constantine and Cross 1962

330 - 60 30 Codex Sinaiticus & Codex Vaticanus Graecus 1st Christian Bibles

Ends persecution of Christians in Roman Empire (see also Constantinian shift) and Constantinople becomes new seat of government (New Rome)

331 Heathen temples in Rome destroyed.

337 Constantine 2
337 Constans
337 Constantius 2
350 9 m Vetranio
360 63 3 Julian Publicly abandoned Christianity and adopted paganism.
363 64 7m Jovianus 364 - 75 11 Valentinian 1 & ^ Cratian
364 - 78 14 Valens Eastern
367 - 83 16 Gratian

370 - 4 4 Hun Invasion of Europe from Central Asian steppe.

375 - 92 17 Valentinian 2 became ruler of Western Empire of Rome.

376 - 82 6 Gothic War in Balkans 377 Concerning Virgins by Saint Ambrose 68.4M 2;29;21

378 Battle of Adrianople. Roman army defeated by Visigoth cavalry. Emperor Valens is killed.

379 - 95 16 Theodosius 1 became ruler of Eastern Empire of Rome. He began a 4year campaign against Goths. Pulled down statues of heathen gods. Officially divided Roman Empire into Greek or Eastern Empire with capital at Constantinople, and Roman or Western Empire with capitals at Mediolanum (Milan) and Ravenna. 129 yrs.

387 On Duties of Clergy by Saint Ambrose 240M 8;43;54

Bans pagan worship, Christianity is made official religion of Empire.

390s Atrium added in Old St. Peters Basilica, Rome.

390s Cubiculum of Leonis, Catacomb of Commodilla, near Rome, is made.

394 Battle of Frigidus Visigoths defeat Romans in North Italy. Roman Frankish general Flavius Arbogast & Bauto die.

395 Roman Emperor Theodosius 1 dies, causing Roman Empire to split permanently.

337 97 60 Ambrose Christian theologian, bishop of Milan whose preaching converted Augustine

397 8 Confessions Saint Augustine 344M 12;32;41

395 - 423 28 Honorius

400 City of God Saint Augustine 1.07G 40;27;49

402 Roman Empire moves capital from Mediolanum (Milan) to Ravenna

407 Constantine 3 leads many of Roman military units from Britain to Gaul, occupying Arles (Arelate). This is generally seen as Romes withdrawal from Britain.

409 Belgium revolted from Rome and all Germany was in motion for independence.

370 - 410 40 Alaric 1, king of Visigoths that sacked Rome

340 - 410 70 Tyrannius Rufinus Priest of Aquileia, hermit, Latin translator

410 Rome sacked by Visigoths led by their king Alaric.

410s Baptistry of Neon Ravenna

354 - 418 64 Pelagius Priest, father of Pelagianism

347 - 420 83 Jerome Christian hermit, priest, Latin translator of Bible and other theological works. Slovenia.

420 Enchiridion 70M 2;32

423 - 55 31 Valentinian 3

426 There was a total withdrawal of Romans soldiers from Britain when Picts and Scots invaded from north. Saxons were invited over to assist in expelling them and gradually took possession of country. Saxon Heptarchy was formed, and existed until Egbert formed kingdom of England in

433 Attila invades Roman empire, sacking and pillaging over 70 cities.

360 - 435 75 John Cassian Christian monk and theologian. Romania.

451 Attila invades Roman empire

452 Aquileia is destroyed by Attila Hun

396 - 454 58 Aetius Last of great Roman generals

455 Rome Sacked by Vandals

455 1 Petronius Maximus
455 - 56 1 Avitus
456 - 61 4 Majorian
461 - 64 3 Libius Severus
467 - 72 5 Anthemius

400 - 71 71 Aspar Eastern Roman general and politician

405 - 72 67 Ricimer General, Politician

472 - 73 1 Olybrius
473 - 74 1 Glycerius
474 - 75 & 80 2 Julius Nepos
475 - 76 1 Romulus Agustulus

476 Odoacer overthrows Romulus Augustulus. End of Roman Empire. "Middle Ages" began and rise of feudal system. There was a Feudal Alliance between Odoacer, king of Western Empire and Euric. Euric formally resigned his provinces and received them again as fiefs of Rome.

476 poet Petrarch of Italy coins term Dark Ages to describe preceding 900 years in Europe, beginning with fall of Western Roman Empire in through to renewal embodied in Renaissance.

480 Assassination of Julius Nepos, last de jure Emperor of Western Roman Empire, in Dalmatia

Italy Ostrogoths invaded Western Empire under Theodoric Great. One third of lands were given to his 500,000 troops. He married Clovis sister. Roman or Western Empire came under Ostrogothic monarchy of Italy with capitals at Ravenna and Verona.

493 Theodoric Ostrogoth ousts Odoacer to become king of Italy.

493 - 526 33 Theodoric Great, later a prominent hero in Germanic tales, rules in Rome until his death.

Kingdom of Gepids
400s - 500s 100