1500s |
1600s |
1700s |
1800s |
1900s |
|
Danish Iceland 1380 - 1918 538   |
KD |
Rep 1918 |
|
Eng Lordship V
42 371
|
English Kingdom of Ireland V
1542 - 1651 109 |
|
English Kingdom of Ireland V
1659 - 1801 143 |
UK of Great Britain & Ireland V
1801 - 1922 121 |
|
Republic of Ireland V
1937 - P 75
|
|
|
C |
|
Great Britain 1707 - 1801 94 V |
UK of GB & Ireland 1801 - 1922 121 V |
|
|
KU
|
Kingdom of Denmark Norway 1536 - 1814 278 V
|
Kingdom of Denmark 1814 - Present 198 V
|
|
|
KU
1536 |
Kingdom of Sweden
1536 - 1814 278
|
Kingdom of SwedenNorway
1814 - 1905 91 |
Kingdom of Sweden
1905 - Present 107 |
|
Swedish Kingdom of Finland
1250 - 1809 559 V
|
|
Republic of Finland
1917 - Present 95 V
|
|
HRE Terra Mariana
1561 354 V |
Swedish Duchy of Estonia |
|
|
|
R |
o |
Soviet
V |
e |
|
|
|
1st R |
w |
Soviot Lat
|
R |
|
Polish GD of L
1200 - 1569 369 V |
PolishLithuanian Commonwealth
1569 - 1795 226 V |
Russian Lithuania
1795 - 1918 123 V |
1st R |
w |
Soviot Lith
V |
R |
|
1500s |
1600s |
1700s |
1800s |
1900s |
|
|
Danish Iceland
1380 - 1918 538
@
Þingvellir
Old Icelandic |
|
Danish Iceland
1380 - 1918 538
@
Þingvellir
Old Icelandic |
|
Danish Iceland
1380 - 1918 538
@
Þingvellir
Old Icelandic
| 1783 Famine from eruption Laki volcano. |
|
|
Danish Iceland
1380 - 1918 538
@
Þingvellir
Old Icelandic
1864 - 1929 Landakotskirkja |
|
Danish Iceland
1380 - 1918 538
@
Þingvellir
Old Icelandic |
Kingdom of Iceland
1918 - 44 26
@
| 1941 Action of 9 May. South of Iceland UK 40Fre 7 2D #40X, 3D 3Co 2Tr VS Germany 4Su 1C 2D #14X #32C |
| 1941 Battle of Denmark Strait. South of Iceland UK VS Germany 1B 1D 1BC 1 1.4X #9W 1HC |
|
Republic of Iceland
1944 - Present 68
@ |
|
|
|
Lordship of Ireland ^
1171 - 1542 371 |
1st Kingdom of Ireland
1541 - 1651 110
| 1569 - 73 4 1st Desmond Rebellion England & Ireland vs allied Irish clans & FitzGeralds of Desmond. Vs allied Irish clans |
| 1579 - 83 4 2nd Desmond Rebellion. Ireland. Kingdom of England, Kingdom of Ireland, allied Irish clans VS FitzGeralds of Desmond, Spain, Papal States, allied Irish clans |
| 1594 - 1603 9 9 Years War England, Ireland, Lords 23,000 VS Clans 9,000, Scottish & Gallic mercenaries in Ulster 8,000, Spain 3,500 Tot 20,500
|
|
| 1500 Clonony |
| 1500 Desmond Castle |
| 1500 Leap Castle |
| 1500 Ross Castle |
| 1500s Aughnanure Castle |
| 1500s Ballinalacken Castle |
| 1500s Ballycarbery Castle |
| 1500s Blackrock Castle |
| 1500s Castle Donovan |
| 1500s Doe Castle |
| 1500s Doonagore Castle |
| 1500s Rathfarnham Castle |
1504 Siege of Galway  |
| 1520 Dunguaire Castle |
| 1520s Foulksrath Castle |
| 1550 Barryscourt Castle |
| 1550s Fiddaun Castle |
| 1550s Rockfleet Castle |
| 1554 - 64 10 Conna |
| 1573 bought Castle Saunderson |
| 1580 Siege of Carrigafoyle Castle |
| 1585 Ballinacarriga Castle |
| 1590s pucks Castle Shankill, Dublin |
| 1598 Battle of Yellow Ford |
| 1596 Siege of Galway |
|
Irish Catholic Confederation
1642 - 51 9 |
@ Kilkenny
Law French, Latin, Irish, English
Confederal monarchy
1642 - 9 7 Charles 1 of England
1649 - 53 4 Charles 2 of England |
English Commonwealth
of Ireland
1651 - 9 8 |
| 1600 Moorstown Castle |
| 1601 Kanturk |
| 1602 Dunboy Castle seige of dunboy |
| 1610 Parkes Castle |
| 1633 Derry Cathedral Completed |
|
| 1708 Shankill Castle |
| 1716 Castle Durrow |
| 1738 Ardgillan Castle |
| 1743 Leixlip Wonderful Barn Leixlip |
| 1785 Slane Castle |
| 1712 - 33 St. Peter & St. Paul Cathedral |
| 1784 Cashel Cathedral |
| 1793 - 2006 Waterford Cathedral |
|
2nd Kingdom of Ireland
1659 - 1801 142 |
United Kingdom of
Great Britain & Ireland
1801 - 1922 121
| 1803 Suppression of rebellion in Ireland |
| 1741 - 1812 71 Edmond Malone Lliterary Scholar |
| 1751 - 1816 65 Richard Brinsley Sheridan Playwright |
| 1747 - 1833 86 John OKeeffee Playwright |
| 1845 - 9 4 Irish Potato Famine led to Irish diaspora. |
| 1767 - 1849 82 Maria Edgeworth AngloIrish novelist |
| 1821 - 61 40 Lola Montez Exotic Dancer |
| 1863 Popular History of Ireland by Thomas Mcgee 860M |
| 1805 - 65 60 William Rowan Hamilton Physicist & Mathematician |
1881 Irish land & coercion acts
|
| 1820 - 90 70 Dion Boucicault, Playwright |
|
| 1800 - 09 Charleville Castle |
| 1800 Moher Tower in background |
| 1800s Minard Castle |
| 1810 Shanbally Castle |
| 1810s Tullynally Castle |
| 1811 Kinnitty Castle |
| 1820 Drymnagh Castle Dublin |
| 1830s Dromore Castle |
| 1835 Cliffs OBriens Tower |
| 1835 Dromoland Castle |
| 1837 Clontarf Castle |
| 1845 Castle Oliver |
| 1850 Lismore Castle |
| 1870 - 3 3 Glenveagh Castle |
| 1870 Castle Leslie |
| 1808 Cork Cathedral Dedicated |
| 1808 Skibbereen Cathedral Dedicated |
| 1825 Saint Marys Pro Cathedral Dublin Completed |
| 1828 - 1943 Ennis Cathedral Consecrated |
| 1833 Carlow Cathedral Dedicated |
| 1834 Ballina Cathedral |
| 1840 - 56 St. Mel Cathedral |
| 1840 - 93 Longford Cathedral |
| 1840 - 1904 Armagh Cathedral |
| 1842 - 55 St. Marys Cathedral Killarney |
| 1842 Enniskillen Cathedral Completed |
| 1855 Ballaghaderreen Cathedral Commisioned |
| 1860 - 6 Saint Peters Cathedral Belfast |
| 1861 Limerick |
| 1865 - 79 Saint Fin Barres Cathedral in Cork |
| 1865 - 79 Thurles Cathedral |
| 1867 - 1915 Cobh Cathedral |
| 1867 - 1915 St. Colman Cathedral |
| 1870s Tuam St Marys Cathedral |
| 1897 - 1902 Loughrea Cathedral |
| 1897 - 1902 St. Brendan Cathedral |
|
United Kingdom of
Great Britain & Ireland
1801 - 1922 121
| 1900 Reading Book in Irish History by Joyce, P. W. (Patrick Weston) 33,402 K |
| 1905 Irish History & Irish Question by Smith, Goldwin 60,403 K |
| 1847 - 1912 65 Bram Stoker novelist |
| 1916 Insurrection in Dublin by James Stephens 2;10;41 |
1916 Battle of Easter Rising  |
1921 - 4 3 Irish Civil War Pro Treaty National Army 58.5 .8, 10P, 1Sh, Air Services, Navy, Citizens Defense Force 350 X4) VS Anti Treaty (Republican Army, Cumann na mBan, Na Fianna, Éireann) 15,000 X3,000 12,000Pr
* Confirmation of Irish Free State and defeat of antitreaty IRA forces.
Parnell 1937
Captain Boycott 1947
Informer 1935
Juno & Paycock 1930
Michael Collins 1996
Wind that Shakes Barley 2006
Talk of Angels 1998
My Left Foot 1989
Nora 2000
A Portrait Of Artist As A Young Man 1979 |
|
Irish Free State
1922 - 37 15 |
Republic of Ireland
1937 - Present 75
| 1941 Operation Stonewall. Off West France UK 2LC 2W, USA 1EC, Free France 4D, Canada 4Co, New Zealand 1C, Czechoslovakia 1B, Ireland 1St, Spain 2D VS Germany 2To 1D 1DD 4BR #154C Last of German control of French ports. |
| 1949 Ireland leaves Commonwealth. |
| 1856 - 1950 94 George Bernard Shaw Playwright |
|
| 1901 Letterkenny Cathedral |
| 1920 - 36 Mullingar Cathedral |
| 1938 - 42 Cavan Cathedral |
| 1958 - 75 Galway Cathedral |
|
|
|
1st Kingdom of England ^
927 - 1649 722 |
1485 - 1509 24 Henry 7 1457 - 1509 52
*
*
^ Edmund Tudor & Lady Margaret Beaufort
= Elizabeth of York 8C
1509 - 47 38 Henry 8 14911547 56
*
^ Elizabeth of York
= 1)Catherine of Aragon D1,
2)Anne Boleyn D1,
3)Jane Seymour S1,
4)Anne of Cleves,
5)Catherine Howard,
6)Catherine Parr
Henry VIII & his Six Wives 1973
Private Life of Henry VIII 1933
Six Wives of Henry VIII 1970 miniseries
Anne of Thousand Days 1969
A Man for All Seasons 1966 1988
| 1509 - 10 1 Great Plague afflicts various parts of Tudor England. |
| 1513 Battle of Spurs. @France. PO War of League of Cambrai England & HRE 30 VS France 7 |
| 1513 Battle of Flodden |
| 1517 Sweating Sickness epidemic hits Tudor England. |
| 1527 Portrait of Sir Thomas More by Hans Holbein Younger 1497 1543 46 oil on wood Frick Collection, New York |
| 1530 Spinning wheel at Brunswick. |
| 1531 - 2 1 Anglicanism Church of England breaks away from Roman Catholic Church & recognizes King Henry 8 as head of Church. |
| 1533 Anne Boleyn becomes Queen of England & Elizabeth Tudor is born. |
| 1536 Anne Boleyn beheaded for adultery & treason. |
| 1542 Battle of Haddon Rig |
| 1542 Battle of Solway Moss |
| 1542 Battle of Alltan-Beath |
| 1544 Battle of Shirts |
| 1545 Battle of Ancrum Moor |
| 1547 Battle of Pinkie Cleugh |
1547 - 53 6 Edward 6 1537 - 1553 15
*
^ Jane Seymour
| 1551 5th outbreak of sweating sickness in England. John Caius of Shrewsbury writes first full contemporary account of symptoms of disease. |
1553 Jane Grey Nine Days Queen 1537 - 54 16
*
^
Henry Grey, 1st Duke of Suffolk & Frances Brandon
= Lord Guildford Dudley
1553 - 8 5 Queen Mary 1 "Bloody Mary" 1516 - 58 42
*
*
= Philip 2 of Spain
| 1555 Battle of Garbharry |
| 1555 1st major English joint stock trading company Mik Muscovy Company . |
| 1558 Loses Calais to France after 200 years |
1558 - 1603 45 Queen Elizabeth 1 Virgin Queen ^Henry 8 & Anne Boleyn Richmond Palace
X69
height of English Renaissance.
Elizabeth 1998
Virgin Queen 1955
Private Lives of Elizabeth & Essex 1939
| 1562 Battle of Corrichie |
| 1563 Plague >20 in 80 London. |
| 1567 Mary, Queen of Scots, imprisoned by Elizabeth 1. |
| 1567 Battle of Carberry Hill |
| 1568 Battle of Langside |
1569 - 70 1 Rising of North
@ North England. England & Protestants 7 VS Scotland & Catholics 4.6 . |
1568 - 1648 80 Years War United Provinces,
England,
Nassau,
Huguenots,
France VS Spain, HRE
1648 Peace of Münster
Independence of Dutch Republic
Spanish retention of Southern Netherlands |
|
1577 - 80 3 1st Englishman to sail around world. Francis Drake 1540 96 56
Vice Admiral in Carribean.
Drake of England 1935
Seven Seas to Calais 1962 |
1583 - 1997 397  British Empire |
1585 - 1604 19 AngloSpanish War Part of 80 yrs War Atlantic Ocean, English Channel, Low Countries, Spain, Spanish Main, Portugal, Cornwall, Ireland, Americas. Spain & Naples VS England,
Dutch Republic, Portugues loyal to Prior Cato
| 1588 Spanish Armada Destroyed |
| 1604 Treaty of London. Status quo Ante Bellum |
|
| 1589 Stocking frame knitting machine. William Lee |
| 1591 1st flush toilet is introduced by Sir John Harrington of England, design published under title Metamorphosis of Ajax. |
| 1592 1st English terrestrial & celestrial Gobes by Emery Molyneux ? 1598 Also made mathematical instruments & ordnance. |
| 1593 Battle of Dryfe Sands |
| 1592 - 3 1 Plague in London 10.7 of 200 |
| 1564 - 93 29 Christopher Marlowe, Poet & Dramatist. |
| 1594 Battle of Glenlivet |
| 1597 1st Book of Songs about history of Lute by John Dowland 1563 - 1626 63 Composer, Singer, & Lutenist. |
| 1598 Every Man in his Humour Ben Jonson (1572 - 1637 65), English dramatist, poet & actor |
| 1552 - 99 49 Edmund Spenser Poet |
|
| 1505 72 67 John Knox of Scotland leader of Protestant Reformation |
1503 - 2005 St Edmundsbury Cathedral
|
| 1532 Bangor Cathedral Tower Bangor, Gwynedd |
|
| 1544 - 1603 69 William Gilbert Physician & Natural Philosopher. |
1603 - 25 22 James 1 Peacemaker 1566 1625 59
+ King Edinburgh Castle
^ Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley & Mary 1, Queen of Scots ^^^^Henry 7
= Anne of Denmark 7C
| 1879 History of English People, V5 Puritan England, 16031660 by Green, John Richard 95,546 K |
| 1879 History of English People, V5 Puritan England, 16031660 by Green, John Richard 95,546 K |
| 1603 Union of crowns of Scotland & England Elizabeth 1 of England dies & is succeeded by cousin James 6 of Scotland |
| 1604 Tragical History of Doctor Faustus From Quarto of 1604 by Marlowe, Christopher 23,125 K |
| 1605 Gunpowder Plot failed |
| 1570 - 1611 41 Henry Hudson Explorer |
| 1614 Logarithm introduced by John Napier to simplify calculations. Scotland. |
| ? - 1615 Edward Wright, (baptized 1561; died ), mathematician & cartographer who determined mathematical basis of Mercator projection & produced first maps in England according to this method |
| 1615 Four Prentises of London Thomas Heywood 1570s 1641 70s Dramatist |
1564 - 1616 52 William Shakespeare Poet & Playwright
| 1857 Philosophy of Plays of Shakspere Unfolded by Bacon, Delia 254,939 K |
|
| 1620 1st submarine made of wood & greased leather by Cornelius Drebbei, funded by King |
| 1623 1st English dictionary Henry Cockeram |
| 1561 - 1626 65 Sir Francis Bacon Philosopher, Statesman & Essayist. |
| 1558 - 1625 67 Thomas Lodge Dramatist |
1625 - 49 24 Charles 1 1600 - 49 49 Beheaded ^
= Henrietta Maria of France 9C
| 1561 - 1626 65 Francis Bacon Philosopher & Politician |
| 1591 - 1628 37 Peter Philips Carreer 1560 1628 68. Composer, Organist, & Catholic Priest |
| 1628 Circulatory system published William Harvey & elucidates his earlier discovery of |
| 1572 - 1631 59 John Donne Metaphysical Poet |
| 1633 Tis Pity Shes a Whore Tragedy by John Ford 1586 1640 54 Dramatist |
| 1634 J introduced into alphabet |
1639 - 51 12 Wars of Three Kingdoms Civil wars throughout Scotland, Ireland, & England.
| 1637 Charles 1 attempts to impose Anglican services on Presbyterian Church of Scotland, Jenny Geddes starts riots |
| 1638 Signing of National Covenant in Scotland |
| 1639 Conflict between Covenanters & Royalists in Scotland, beginning with Covenanters seizing city of Aberdeen in February |
1639 1st Bishops War England 20 0 VS Scotland 12 1
*
Charles brings his troops into Scotland but decides not to attack but to negotiate instead.
| 1639 Siege of Towie Barclay Castle. |
| 1639 Battle of Bridge o Dee. |
|
| 1640 Revolt of Scots. King Charles compelled to recall Parliament to obtain money to finance his military struggle with Scotland. Parliament agrees to fund Charles, but only on condition he answer their grievances relating to his 11year "personal rule" or "tyranny". Charles refuses & dissolves Parliament after a mere 3 weeks, hence name of "Short Parliament" |
1640 2nd Bishops War or "Second War of Covenant" breaks out in August. Responding to Charles attempt to raise an army against them, an army of Covenanters crosses Tweed & overruns an English force at Battle of Newburn (28 August 1640), marching on city of Newcastle.
| 1640 Treaty of Ripon leaves Newcastle in hands of Scots, who also receive a large tribute from Charles. Charles has no option but to recall Parliament in order to raise necessary funds. Parliament convenes in November & remains convened, in one form or another, until 1660, thus earning name of "Long Parliament". |
|
| 1565 - 1640 75 Giles Farnaby Composer & Virginalist |
| 1641 Massacre of Protestants in Ulster by Catholics starts Irish Rebellion. |
| 1641 Battle of Julianstown Ireland Irish Rebels 5#600 VS English Army 3.5 Low |
| 1641 Parliament issues Grand Remonstrance to Charles, which some[who?] see as a direct challenge to Kings authority. Charles refuses to address grievances it raises. |
| 1642 Covenanters send a Protestant Scots army to Ulster to defend Protestant plantations |
| 1642 Charles 1, King of England, from Three Angles by Anthony van Dyck |
| 1642 Charles enters House of Commons to arrest five "traitors". news of his "assault" on Parliament causes uproar in London. Charles leaves city in fear for his life. In his absence Parliament passes Militia Bill which, in effect, seizes control of London arsenal & places trainbands & militia under its authority. Charles retaliates by appointing individuals to take control of other regional militias in Kings name. From this moment both sides actively raise troops & gather munitions. |
1642 - 6 4 1st English Civil War.
Catholic Confederation: Irish Catholics; Gaelic Irish & Old English @Kilkenny VS English Royalists
| 1642 Battle of Edgehill, Warwickshire Royalists 9.1, #800 Dragoons, 2.5C, 16G 12.4T #500X 1.5W VS Parliamentarians 12, #700 Dragoons, 2.3C 7G 15T #500X 1.5W |
1643 Battle of Adwalton Moor  |
| 1643 Battle of Burton Ridge |
| 1643 Battle of Roundway Down |
1643 Ceasefire between English Royalists & Irish Confederates declared
1643 Alliance between English Parliament & Scottish Covenanters — Solemn League & Covenant — declared. Scottish troops march into England to support English Parliamentarians
| 1644 Areopagitica A speech for Liberty of Unlicensed Printing to Parliament of England by John Milton 21,148 K |
| 1644 Battle of Cropredy Bridge |
| 1644 Battle of Marston Moor Parliamentarians & Scots VS Royalists |
| 1644 Battle of Tippermuir |
| 1644 Battle of Lostwithiel |
| 1644 2nd Battle of Newbury |
| 1644 Battle of Lostwithiel |
| 1644 Scottish Civil War started by Scottish Royalist Montrose, with aid of Irish Confederate troops under Alasdair MacColla, including ScotsIrish forces serving under Manus OCahan |
1645 English Parliament forms New Model Army
| 1645 Battle of Inverlochy |
1645 Battle of Naseby Naseby, Northamptonshire Parliamentary New Model Army 7, #500 dragoons, 6C 13.5T #400XW VS Royalists 3.3, 4.1C 7.4T 1X
5C
* Ends 1st English Civil War |
| 1645 Battle of Kilsyth. Stirling, Scotland Royalist Irish, Highland Scots 3 #500C Light VS Scots Covanters 7 #800C 4.5 |
| 1645 Battle of Philiphaugh. Covanters 1 #600C & dragoons trifling VS Royalists #600 musketeers #100 levies #100C #500 |
| 1646 King surrenders to Scots Covenanters who give him to English Parliament |
|
| 1646 Battle of Benburb Benburb, County Tyrone Irish Confederate Catholics Ulster Army 5 #300 VS Scottish Covenanter army & English & Scottish settlers 6 23K&C |
| 1647 Battle of Dungans Hill English Parliamentarians 6 Low VS Irish Confederate Catholics Leinster & Munster 6 3+ & Highland Scots #900 |
| 1647 Battle of Knocknanauss Knocknanauss, County Cork English Parliamentarians 5.2 1 VS Irish Confederate Catholics of Leinster & Munster, Highland Scots 7 3 |
1648 - 9 1 2nd English Civil War.
1648 - 9 1 Ormonde Peace formal alliance between Irish Confederates & English Royalists declared
| 1647 Battle of Dungan's Hill |
| 1648 Battle of Preston Lancashire Parliamentarians 8.6 #<100 VS Royalists, Scottish Engagers 9 2X 7C |
| 1649 Execution of Charles 1 by English Parliament |
| 1649 Battle of Rathmines, Dublin English Parliamentarians 5 Low VS English Royalists & Irish Confederate Catholics 11 3C |
|
| 1650 Montrose uprising Scotland Covenanters VS Royalists |
| 1650 Charles 2 takes oath in support of Solemn League & Covenant & repudiates his alliance with Irish Confederates. ( Scots subsequently crown him at Scone on New Years Day, 1651.) |
1650 3rd English Civil War Parliamentarians VS Royalists, Scottish Coventers
* Commonwealth
| 1650 Battle of Dunbar Scotland English Parliamentarians 7.5 3.5C #20X #58W VS Scottish Coventers 9.5 2.5C 9G #8003X 610C |
| 1651 Seige of Limerick Henry Ireton |
| 1651 Capture of Isles of Scilly by Admiral Robert Blake |
1651 Battle of Worcester Parliamentarians 31 #200 VS Royalists & Scots <16 3X 10+C
* Ends 3rd Civil War
* Exiled in France |
|
|
|
Commonwealth of England
1649 - 60 11
There was no reigning monarch between execution of Charles I in 1649 & Restoration of Charles II in 1660. Instead, from 1653 following individuals held power as Lords Protector, during period known as Protectorate.
1649 - 53 4 Interregnum.
| 1572 - 1637 65 Ben Jonson Dramatist |
1653 - 8 5 Oliver Cromwell Old Ironsides 1599 1658 59
^
Robert Cromwell & Elizabeth Steward
=
Elizabeth Bourchier 8C
Cromwell 1970
To Kill a King 2003
Crimson Blade 1963
1652 - 4 2 1st Anglo/Dutch War English Channel, North Sea, Italy Commonwealth of England 300 10 7C 2.5 VS Dutch Republic 300 33 18C 3
| 1652 Battle of Goodwin Sands. England 27 1,000G VS Dutch Rep. 44 1,300G 1C |
| 1652 Battle of Plymouth. Dutch Rep. 29 ? VS England 19 ?
|
| 1652 Battle of Kentish Knock. England 10 68 2.4G VS Dutch Rep. 7 62 1.9 G 2 |
| 1652 Battle of Dungeness. Dutch Rep. 93 VS England 42 2C |
1653 Battle of Leghorn. Dutch Rep. 16 ? VS England 15 2 ships sunk
3 ships captured
150 dead or injured
50 captured |
| 1653 Battle of Portland. England 7080 13 VS Dutch Rep. 7080 812 , 2040M |
1653 Battle of Gabbard. England 100 126 dead & 236 wounded VS Dutch Rep. 98 6 ships sunk
11 ships captured
1,350 prisoners |
| 1653 Battle of Scheveningen. Netherlands Dutch Rep. 127 1214 2C VS England 120 2 250X 700W |
| 1654 Treaty of Westminster. Navigation Acts recognized |
|
1658 - 9 1 Richard Cromwell Tumbledown Dick 1626 - 1712 85 ^
=
Dorothy Maijor May 9C |
2nd Kingdom of England
1660 - 1707 47 |
| 1660 Commonwealth of England ends & monarchy brought back in English Restoration. |
1649 - 85 36 Charles 2 Merrie Monarch 1630 85 55
^ Charles 1
= Catherine of Braganza 3C (none survived infancy)
Charles II: Power & Passion 2003
Restoration 1995
Forever Amber 1947
Stage Beauty 2004
| 1660 Royal Society of London for Improvement of Natural Knowledge founded. |
| 1662 1st paper on production of sparkling wine Christopher Merret presents. |
| 1663 Cells discovered by Hookes Microscope |
| 1663 Designs for a reflecting telescope by James Gregory . Scotland. |
| 1664 Sylva forestry book by John Evelyns |
| 1665 Great Plague of London. |
1665 - 7 2 2nd AngloDutch War Dutch Republic 131 23 5.2X, 3W, 2.5C, DenmarkNorway #250 Fortress 18, France VS England
21 7.2X, 7W, 2C 4.2 Guns, 139 29, 2C
| 1658 Battle of Sound. Dutch Rep., Denmark 35 1.3G 2 4S 2L #296X #503W VS Sweden 44 1.6G 4 4S 2.5L 6.5T #350X #850 |
| 1665 Battle of Lowestoft. England 109 1 English ship lost, 300–500 killed VS Dutch Rep. 103 17 Dutch ships lost, 2000–2500 killed, c. 2000 taken prisoner |
| 1665 Battle of Vågen. Fortress in Norway Dutch Rep. 50 #100 Norway #18 VS England 30 #500 |
| 1666 Four Days Battle. Dutch Rep. 84 4 1.5X 1.3W VS England 79 10 1.5X 1.5W 1.8C |
| 1666 St. James Day Battle. England England 90 +16F 106T 1 #300 VS Dutch Rep. 89 20F 9Y 118T 2C #800 |
| 1667 Raid on Medway. Dutch Rep. 60 8F 1.5 #50 VS England 15 2C
|
| 1666 Great Fire of London. |
| 1667 Treaty of Breda. Dutch have monopoly on nutmeg as England gives up Run, Banda Island. Dutch can ship German goods to England. |
|
| 1669 Reflecting telescope Isaac Newton |
1608 - 72 66 John Milton Poet |
1672 4 2 3rd AngloDutch War Part of FrancoDutch War Dutch Republic
DenmarkNorway England
France
| 1672 Battle of Solebay England Dutch Rep. 75 1D 1C VS England, France 93 1D
|
| 1673 Battles of Schooneveld North Sea Dutch Rep. 64 1 3.2C 14.7 VS England, France 86 2 4.8C 24.3 |
| 1673 Battle of Texel Netherlands Dutch Rep. 75W 30Fi 1X VS England, France 92W 30Fi 2X |
| 1674 Treaty of Westminster Netherlands formed an alliance with Spain & French withdrew from territory of Republic |
|
| 1608 - 74 66 John Milton Author & Poet |
| 1676 Bacteria discovered Antoni van Leeuwenhoek . |
| 1685 Monmouth Rebellion. Revolt of West King VS Rebels . |
| 1578 - 1657 79 William Harvey Doctor |
| 1588 - 1679 91 Thomas Hobbes Philosopher & Mathematician |
| 1679 Battle of Drumclog |
| 1679 Battle of Bothwell Bridge |
| 1647 - 80 33 John Wilmot Poet, 2nd Earl of Rochester |
| 1605 - 82 77 Sir Thomas Browne Author, Philosopher & Scientist |
| 1896 History of English People, V7 Revolution, 16831760; Modern England, 17601767 by Green, John Richard 87,598 K |
| 1685 Battle of Sedgemoor |
1685 - 8 3 James 6 1633 1701 67 <
* Deposed
= 1)Anne Hyde Strand 8C 2)Mary of Modena 7C
| 1688 History of England, from Accession of James 2 by Macaulay, Thomas Babington K |
| 1688 History of England in Three Volumes, V3 From Accession of George 3 to 23rd Year of Reign of Queen Victoriaby Nolan, E. H. (Edward Henry), Farr, Edward 101,395 K |
| 1688 V1 PC Henry 7 to Mary 193,230 K |
| 1688 V1 PA Britons of Early Times to King John by David Hume 202,865 K |
1671 - 1734 63 Rob Roy
Rob Roy 1995
Rob Roy, Highland Rogue 1954 |
| 1687 Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica by Isaac Newton |
1688 - 97 9 9 Yrs War Grand Alliance: Dutch Republic,
England,
HRE,
Spain,
PiedmontSavoy, Sweden 91,
Scotland VS France, Irish & Scottish Jacobites.
| 1688 Battle of Reading |
1689 - 97 8 King Williams War Second Indian War North America Part of Nine Years War France,
New France, First Nations allies VS England,
English America,
Iroquois Confederacy
| 1690 Battle of Port Royal Canada Massachusetts Bay Colony 7W 78C #446M #226Sa 0 VS French colony of Acadia >#90 18C AllC |
| 1690 Battle of Quebec Canada France 2M #7X #12W VS England, Massachusetts Bay Colony 2.3RM 60N 6G 34W |
| 1696 Battle of Fundy Bay Canada France 2L ? VS England 2L ? |
| 1696 Siege of Pemaquid Main, USA New France #100, Abenaki #400 #500T ? VS English colonists #93 ? |
|
1697 Treaty of Ryswick France recognizes William 3 of Orange as King of England, Scotland & Ireland.Territorial
changes France retains Alsace (including Strasbourg) & surrenders Freiburg, Breisach & Philippsburg to Holy Roman Empire, regains Pondicherry (after paying Dutch a sum of 16,000 pagodas) & Nova Scotia, Spain recovered Catalonia from France, & barrier fortresses of Mons, Luxembourg & Kortrijk. Duchy of Lorraine was restored to Leopold Joseph from France. |
|
| 1689 1st Letter Concerning Toleration John Locke |
| 1689 - 92 3 Jacobite Rising Scotland |
1689 - 1702 13 William 3 William of Orange 1650 - 1702 52
William 2, Prince of Orange & William 3 of Scotland
^ William 2 Prince of Orange & Mary Princes Royal of England ^^Charles 1
=
Mary 2 of England
1689 - 94 5 Mary 2 Mary of Modena 1662 94 32 Smallpox
^ James 2 &
Anne Hydethree ^^Charles 1
= William 3 of England
| 1689 Battle of Killiecrankie. Scotland Jacobite Royalists (Highlanders & Irish) 2.4 #600 VS Orange Covenantor Royalists (Highlanders & Lowlanders) 3.5 2 |
| 1690 Battle of Beachy Head. |
| 1659 - 95 36 Henry Purcell, composer |
| 1697 1st known 1st class cricket match Sussex |
|
|
1675 - 1720 London Cathedral |
|
2nd Kingdom of England
1660 - 1707 47
| 1631 - 1700 69 John Dryden Poet, Literary Critic, Translator, & Playwright |
1702 - 7 5 Anne
| 1701 - 2 1 1st daily newspapers in England. Daily Courant & Norwich Post |
| 1633 - 1703 70 Samuel Pepys Civil Servant & Diarist |
| 1632 - 1704 72 John Locke Philosopher |
| 1704 A Tale of a Tub Jonathan Swift |
| 1707 Act of Union Scottish & English Parliaments merge, starts Great Britain. |
|
Great Britain
1707 - 1801 94
1700 - 21 21 Great Northern War
@ North, East & Central Europe
* Part of Russo, Polish & Danish Swedish wars.
Russia 170 75, Kalmyk, Cossak, Denmark Norway 1700 & 170920 40D 8 60T, Saxony 06 & 9, PolandLithuania 04 & 9, 100P&S, Cossack, Prussia 1520 50, Hanover 159 20, Britain 179
00 310 1520 +70 163
VS Sweden 77 25, Luneburgers 10 Poland Lithuania 16P 414, Ottoman 104 150 Pruth, Cossack 89 39, GB 00, 07, 1921, United Provinces 00, Brunswig Luneburg 00 10.
00 90 28 0414 +175 16P 39C, 150O, 25C, 175S, 200T
| 1715 Battle of Sheriffmuir |
| 1716 Battle of Preston |
| 1719 Battle of Glen Sheil |
1721 Treaty of Nystad
Russia + Estonia, Livonia, & Ingria & parts of Kexholm & Viborg.
Prussia + parts of Swedish Pomerania.
Hanover + BremenVerden.
HolsteinGottorp part of Duchy of Schleswig to Denmark. |
|
1707 - 14 7 Queen Anne < X49
17C
| 1649 - 1708 59 John Blow Composer |
| 1708 Company of Merchants of London Trading into East Indies & English Company Trading to East Indies merged to form United Company of Merchants of England Trading to East Indies. |
| 1709 Great Frost of 1709 Coldest winter in 500 years. |
| 1711 Rinaldo Handels 1st opera for London stage, premiered |
| 1711 Tuning Fork John Shore |
| 1712 Cassard's Pillage of Montserrat |
| 1712 Steam Engine invented by Thomas Newcomen |
| 1712 Rape of Lock by English Alexander Pope (publication of first version) |
| 1714 Mercury thermometer by Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit |
1714 - 27 13 George 1 X67
^ Augustus, Elector of BrunswickLüneburg & Sophia of Hanover ^^ *James 1 & 6
= Sophia Dorothea of BrunswickLueneburgCelle 2C
Saraband for Dead Lovers 1948
| 1715 Francesco Geminiani (1687 - 1762 75) plays in court of King of England. Italian violinist, composer, & music theorist. |
| 1636 - 1715 79 Thomas Tenison Archbishop of Canterbury |
| 1715 1st Jacobite Rising Fifteen GB VS Jacobite Rebels, France |
| 1678 - 1717 39 Abraham Darby 1 Ironmaster, Introduced first cokeconsuming blast furnace |
| 1717 Diving bell successfully tested by Edmond Halley, sustainable to a depth of 55 ft |
| 1680 - 1718 38 Edward Teach (Blackbeard) Pirate |
| 1719 Jacobite rebellion fails. Spanish attempt to restart. |
| 1719 Robinson Crusoe Daniel Defoe |
1718 - 20 2 War of Quadruple Alliance HRE 11.3XW,
France 3XW Sardinians 2.3XW,
GB 6XW,
Dutch Republic 1.5XW,
Savoy VS Spain, Jacobites 4.4C
| 1720 Treaty of Hague. Spain abandoned Italian claims |
|
| 1682 - 1720 38 Calico Jack John Rackham Pirate |
| 1720 British South Sea company collapses |
| 1721 1st Prime Minister of GB Robert Walpole becomes |
| 1722 Bartholomew Roberts killed in Sea battle Welsh African coast. |
| 1722 5 3 Irish economic independence from England movement from Controversy over William Woods halfpence leads to Drapiers Letters |
| 1632 - 1723 91 Christopher Wren, architect & scientist |
| 1726 Gullivers Travels by Jonathan Swift |
| 1642 - 1727 85 Sir Isaac NewtonDiscovered law of gravitation 1666. |
1727 - 60 33 George 2 X76 ^
= Caroline of Ansbach 8C
1727 - 9 2 AngloSpanish War g
1727 Blockade of Porto Bello. Spain 2 VS GB 11L
1F
2S
1Sn 1
4.8 4+X
* Safe passage of Spanish treasure fleet |
| 1727 Seige of Gibralter. GB 1.5 Then 5.5 118X,
207W VS Spain 12 then 17.5 392X,
1W |
|
| 1728 Dunciad Alexander Pope |
| 1671 1729 58 John Law Scottish Economist |
| 1729 - 35 6 Methodism by Charles Wesley & John Wesley |
| 1683 - 1730 47 Anne Oldfield Actress |
| 1730 Octant navigational tool by John Hadley in England & Thomas Godfrey in America |
| 1659 - 1731 72 Daniel Defoe Novelist & Journalist |
| 1731 Wickliffes New Testament |
| 1665 - 1732 67 Robert Wilks Actor |
| 1685 - 1732 47 John Gay Dramatist & Poet |
| 1681 - 1733 52 Barton Booth Actor |
| 1733 Flying shuttle John Kay |
| 1657 - 1737 80 William Wake Archbishop of Canterbury |
1739 - 48 9 War of Jenkins Ear Part of War of Austrian Succession Carribean Great Britain 20C 407 VS Spain 4.5X, 5W, 186
| 1745 Battle of Prestonpans |
| 1745 Battle of Falkirk Muir |
1746 Battle of Culloden Charles Edward Stuart defeated
Battle of Culloden 1964 GB 8 #50X #259W VS Jacobites 7 1.52XW #154C , France #222C |
| 1744 - 8 4 1st Carnatic War India GB VS French VS Nizam of Hyderabad |
| 1748 Treaty of AixlaChapelle. Status quo ante bellum |
|
1740 Siege of St. Augustine British attempt to capture fort. Spain
750 50G 6 small sail ? VS GB
1SM
#900 sailors, 1.2 warriors,
56G 56GC 5 frigates,
3 sloops, 1 schooner 122X, 16C, 14 deserters |
| 1740 Modern steel Benjamin Huntsman |
| 1688 - 1744 56 Alexander Pope Poet |
| 1744 Jacobite rebellion failed by French |
| 1744 A Little Pretty PocketBook One of 1st childrens books |
1745 - 6 1 2nd Jacobite Rising of 1745
Also called " FortyFive" Hanoverians
Scottish clans loyal to Government: Clan Campbell Clan Scott Jacobites
Jacobite clans: Clan Cameron Clan MacDonald of Keppoch Clan Stewart of Appin France began by Charles Edward Stuart in Scotland. |
| 1674 - 1747 73 John Potter Archbishop of Canterbury |
| 1679 - 1748 69 Charles Johnson Playwright |
1748 - 54 6 2nd Carnatic War India Britian, France, Marathas VS Mysore
| 1754 Treaty of Pondicherry |
|
| 1748 Clarissa Novel by Samuel Richardson |
| 1674 - 1748 74 Isaac Watts, hymnist |
| 1749 History of Tom Jones, a Foundling by Henry Fielding |
| 1750 Peak of Little Ice Age |
| 1751 Elegy published Thomas Gray |
| 1753 Jewish naturalization laws |
| 1707 - 54 47 Henry Fielding, novelist |
1754 - 63 9 French & Indian war 7 Years War North America. GB,
Iroquois Confederacy, Catawba,
Cherokee 58 42 VS France 10 7.9 Mil,
Wabanaki Confederacy,
Abenaki,
Mikmaq,
Algonquin,
Caughnawaga, Mohawk,
Lenape,
Ojibwa,
Ottawa,
Shawnee
Wyandot 2.2 Natives 19.9 Tot
Broken Chain 1993
Last of Mohicans 1936
Last of Mohicans 1992
Northwest Passage 1940
Mohawk 1956
Frontier Times 1987
Barry Lyndon 1976
| 1754 Battle of Jumonville Glen. Uniontown, Pennsylvania Colony of Virginia 40 1X 23W,
Mingo Ohio Iroquois 12 VS France 35 Most |
| 1755 Dictionary of English Language Samuel Johnson |
1756 Battle of Fort Bull. Rome, NY France 84 Troupes de la Marine
166 militia
90 Iroquois
20 Huron 1X 2W VS GB 111 76 dead
35 taken prisoner |
1758 Battle of Carillon. France 3.6 #100X #500W
#150C VS GB 6R
12MRI 1X
1.5W #100M |
| 1759 Battle of Plains of Abraham GB 4.8 #60X #600W VS France 2R
#600Co
1.8MI #200X #400W |
| 1896 History of English People, V7 Revolution, 16831760; Modern England, 17601767 by Green, John Richard 87,598 K |
| 1760 Battle of SainteFoy. France 2.6R
2.4M #193X #640W VS GB 3.8R 27G #259X #829W |
| 1760 Battle of Restigouche. GB 3L
2F VS France 1F
5M #400SMI |
| 1762 Battle of Signal Hill. GB #200 45X 19W VS France #295 2040XW |
| 1693 1756 62 Eliza Haywood Writer |
| 1763 Treaty of Paris. France cedes New France to Great Britain, retaining Saint Pierre et Miquelon, & transfers Louisiana to Spain |
|
| 1730 - 60 30 1st Great Awakening in GB & North America. |
| 1671 - 1757 86 Colley Cibber Actor, Poet, Playwright |
| 1693 - 1757 63 Thomas Herring Archbishop of Canterbury |
1757 Battle of Plassey Beginning of formal British rule in India British East India Company 750 #3 Topasses 100 Indian Sepoys 2.1 #13
3 #22
#100G 8C VS Nawab of Bengal 42, 20 Calvary & French East India Company 50 6C
60 w/ 20C .5 59C
| Bengal Annexed by British East India Company. |
|
| 1693 - 1758 65 Matthew Hutton Archbishop of Canterbury |
| 1758 Wolfes Manifesto Colonel James Wolfe |
| 1727 - 59 28 James Wolfe Officer |
| 1759 Theory of Moral Sentiments Scottish Adam Smith |
1760 - 1820 60 George 3 1738 - 1820 81 ^^
= Charlotte of MecklenburgStrelitz 15C
Madness of King George III 1994
| 1713 - 67 54 John Newbery Childrens Literature Publisher |
| 1689 - 1761 72 Samuel Richardson Novelist |
| 1686 - 1761 75 William Law Theologian |
| 1761 Longitude problem resolved by fourth chronometer John Harrison |
| 1697 - 1764 67 William Hogarth Painter & Engraver |
1764 Industrial Revolution Started by Spinning Jenny James Hargreaves
|
| 1764 Castle of Otranto Horace Walpole 1717 97 80 Writer & Politician. |
| 1765 Stamp Act in American colonies. |
| 1765 Enhancement of Newcomens steam engine New steel technologies Scottish James Watt |
1766 - 99 33 AngloMysore Wars
| 1759 - 67 8 Tristram Shandy Laurence Sterne |
1767 - 9 2 1st AngloMysore War. Sultanate of Mysore VS East India Company,
Maratha Confederacy,
Nawab of Carnatic
Hyderabad State
| 1767 Short View of Laws Now Subsisting with Respect to Powers of East India Company To Borrow Money under their Seal, & to Incur Debts in ... Ships or other Mercantile Transactions by Anonymous 9217 K |
| 1767 Battle of Tiruvannamalai. |
| 1769 Treaty of Madras. British must assist Hyder Ali if he is attacked |
|
|
| 1711 - 68 57 Hannah Pritchard Actress |
| 1771 1st waterpowered mill at Cromford. Richard Arkwright |
| 1713 - 68 55 Laurence Sterne AngloIrish Writer |
| 1693 - 1768 75 Thomas Secker Archbishop of Canterbury |
| 1716 - 71 55 Thomas Gray Poet Scholar, & Educator |
| 1690 - 1773 83 Hester Santlow Actress, Ballerina, Dancer |
| 1774 Oxygen discovered Dephlogisticated Air Joseph Priestley |
| 1775 1st synthesis of Nitrous Oxide phlogisticated nitrous air, laughing gas Joseph Priestley |
| 1775 Speech on American War of Independence |
1776 Wealth of Nations Scottsman Adam Smith
*
Foundation of modern theory of economy |
| 1711 - 76 65 David Hume Scottish Philosopher |
| 1777 Circular Saw Samuel Miller |
| 1717 - 79 58 David Garrick Actor |
| 1728 - 79 49 James Cook Explorer & Cartographer |
| 1779 Amazing Grace John Newton |
| 1779 - 82 3 Lives of Most Eminent English Poets Samuel Johnson |
| 1713 - 83 70 Frederick Cornwallis Archbishop of Canterbury |
1775 - 83 8 American war of Independence
USA 35Co, 44.5M, 5Sa, 8B 17O 53 25T 50W France 7883 5 12 2 (F&S in Europe 60 6+), Spain 7983 4,
Dutch Republic 803 3, Cobelligerents Mysore 7984 5, Vermont 7783 6, Oneida, Tuscarora, Watauga, Association, Catawba, Lenape
156.5 33X +25W
VS GB 56R 20+XW, 78 171Sa 19.7SaX 42SaD, Loyalists 50,
German auxiliaries 30 7.5, Cobelligerents Onondaga, Mohawk, Cayuga, Seneca, Cherokee 13T
320 47.2XW 78T
Howards of Virginia 1940
April Morning 1988
John Paul Jones 1959
Crossing 2003
Lafayette 1962
Buccaneer 1938
Drums Along Mohawk 1939
Benedict Arnold: A Question of Honor 2003
Patriot 2000
Revolution 1984
Sade 2000) 1794, Marquis de Sade faces execution by Robespierres regime
Quills 2000
1783 Treaty of Paris Britain loses area east of Mississippi River & south of Great Lakes & St. Lawrence River to independent United States & to Spain; Spain gains East Florida, West Florida & Minorca; Britain cedes Tobago & Senegal to France.
Dutch Republic cedes Negapatnam to Britain. |
|
| 1709 - 84 75 Samuel Johnson Writer, Lexicographer, Poet, & Literary Critic |
| 1785 Power loom Edmund Cartwright |
| 1786 Poems, Chiefly in Scottish Dialect Robert Burns |
| 1786 Threshing machine Andrew Meikle |
| 1787 Freetown founded Sierra Leone by Freed slaves from London. |
| 1720 - 88 68 Charles Edward Stuart Jacobite Exile |
| 1713 - 88 75 John Whitehurst Geologist |
| 1727 - 88 61 Thomas Gainsborough Painter |
| 1776 - 89 12 History of Decline & Fall of Roman Empire Edward Gibbon |
| 1789 Nootka Crisis Vancouver, Canada GB VS Spain |
| 1789 Songs of Innocence Poems by William Blake |
| 1723 - 90 67 Adam Smith Scottish Economist & Philosopher |
| 1703 - 91 88 John Wesley Theologian, +Methodism |
| 1791 - 5 4 George Vancouver explores world Vancouver Expedition. |
| 1791 - 5 4 London symphonies Haydn |
| 1723 - 92 69 Joshua Reynolds Painter |
| 1724 - 92 68 John Smeaton Civil Engineer & Physicist |
1792 - 7 5 War of 1st Coalition. France. French Rep., French satellite states
& Polish Legions Vs HRE,
Prussia,
GB,
French Royalists,
Spain,
Portugal, Sardinia,
Naples, Sicily,
Other Italian states,
Ottomans,
Dutch Rep.
| 1793 Britain declares war on France. |
1793 - 5 2 Flanders Campaign. Belgium, France, Netherlands France VS Dutch Rep.,
HRE,
GB,
Prussia,
Hanover,
HesseKassel
| 1793 Battle of Famars France Austria, Hanover, GB 53 1.1XW VS France 27 3XW #300C 17C 14AW 3S
|
| 1793 Battle of Hondschoote France France 40 3 VS GB, Hanover, HesseKassel 24 4 |
| 1794 Battle of Tourcoing France France 70 3XW 7GC VS GB, Austria 74 4X 1.5W 60GC |
| 1794 Battle of Fleurus Belgium French Rep. 70 12C 5 100G 1G VS Austria, Dutch Rep., BrunswickLüneburg, GB 52.5 18C 5 111G 1G
|
| 1794 Battle of Boxtel Netherlands French Rep. VS GB, Dutch Rep., Austria 32 |
| 1794 Heads of Lectures on a Course of Experimental Philosophy: Particularly Including Chemistry by Priestley, Joseph 35,773 K |
|
1793 - 6 3 War in Vendée. France. Republic Coasts of La Rochelle, Coasts of Brest, Mainz,
West, Coasts of Cherbourg,
Republican Vendeans,
Local National Guards 13050 30X Vs Royalists, Catholics, Chouans,
Royalist Vendeans, Émigrés, GB 80 130TX
170200TX
Both Sides |
| 1797 Battle of Cape St Vincent Portugal GB 15L 5F 1S 1C #73X #327W VS Spain 27L 7F 4C #250X #550W 3C |
|
| 1746 - 94 48 William Jones Philologist |
| 1737 - 94 57 Edward Gibbon Historian |
| 1794 Scottish martyrs transported to Australia at NSW |
| 1794 Jays Treaty GB & USA. Western outposts @ Great Lakes returned to USA & commerce regulated. |
| 1794 Songs of Experience William Blake |
| 1740 - 95 55 James Boswell Scottish Biographer |
| 1759 - 96 47 Robert Burns Scottish Poet |
1796 1st smallpox vaccination Edward Jenner
* 400 Europeans each year In 1700S (W/ 5 reigning monarchs). |
| 1796 1st European to see Niger River Africa. Scottish Mungo Park, $ African Association |
| 1796 Zoonomia, Vol. I Or, Laws of Organic Life by Erasmus Darwin 196,106 K |
| 1759 - 97 38 Mary Wollstonecraft Writer & Feminist |
| 1757 - 98 41 George Vancouver Captain & Explorer |
| 1798 Smallpox vaccination treatise Edward Jenner |
| 1798 Irish Rebellion fails to overthrow British rule Ireland |
| 1798 Lyrical Ballads William Wordsworth & Samuel Taylor Coleridge |
| 1798 An Essay on Principle of Population Thomas Malthus |
| 1798 Creation, Oratorio Performance Haydn |
| 1728 - 99 71 Joseph Black Scottish Chemist (discovered carbon dioxide) |
|
|
1710 - 25 Birmingham Cathedral |
| 1740 Stanton Drew stone circles Surveyed |
| 1760 Arthurs Oven Temple Scotland |
|
United Kingdom of
Great Britain & Ireland
1801 - 1922 121
1760 1820 60 George 3 1738 1820 81 ^ ^
= Charlotte of MecklenburgStrelitz 15C
| 1731 - 1800 69 William Cowper Hymnist & Poet |
| 1800 Royal College of Surgeons of England started when Company of Surgeons awarded Royal Charter |
| 1801 United Kingdom formed from Kingdom of Great Britain & Kingdom of Ireland merge to form . |
| 1731 - 1802 71 Erasmus Darwin Philosopher, Poet & Scientist |
| 1736 - 1802 66 George Fordyce Scottish Physician & Chemist |
| 1742 - 1802 60 Samuel Arnold, Composer & Musician |
| 1803 Emmets Insurrection UK VS Robert Emmet |
| 1733 - 1804 71 Joseph Priestley Dissenting minister & chemist |
| 1730 - 1804 74 Charlotte Lennox Novelist & poet |
| 1730 - 1805 75 John Moore Archbishop of Canterbury |
1803 - 6 3 War of 3rd Coalition Part of Napoleonic Wars. France,
Batavia,
Italy,
Etruria,
Spain,
Bavaria &
Württemberg VS HRE,
Russia,
UK,
Naples, Sicily,
Portugal &
Sweden
1805 Battle of Trafalgar. Spain UK
27L 6O 33T #458X 1.2W 1.7T
VS France 18L 8O 41T 10C 1D 2.2X 1.15W 4C, Spain 15L 11C 1X 1.4W 4C 13.78
|
1805 Battle of Austerlitz. Austerlitz, Moravia, Austrian Empire France 72 1.3X, 6.9W, #573C,
1 standard lost VS Russia & Austria 85 15XW,
12C
180G, 50 st
* End of 3rd Coalition |
1805 Battle of Schöngrabern. France 45.8 present,
20.7 engaged
1.2Cas VS Russia, Austria 7.3
1.2X,
1.5C |
| 1806 Battle of Campo Tenese. Italy France Italy, Etruria, Polish Legions, Switzerland 6 #500C VS Naples & Sicily 11 3C |
| 1805 Battle of Wertingen. Germany France 12 200+XW VS Austria 5.5 40XW, 2.9C |
| 1805 Battle of Günzburg. Germany France 8 6G #700 VS Austria 7+ 2 26G 6 |
| 1805 Battle of HaslachJungingen. Germany France 5 1C 8G VS Austria 35 1.1X 4WC 5.1 2G |
| 1805 Battle of Elchingen. Germany France 20 #854 VS Austria 8 6 |
1805 Battle of Ulm. Germany France 150 6 VS Austria 72 12XW,
30C |
1805 Battle of Trafalgar. Spain UK 27L 6 33T #458X
1.2W 1.66 VS France 18L 8 10C 1X 2.2X 1.2W 4C & Spain 15 11C 1X 1.4W 4C 41 13.8
|
| 1805 Battle of Nile GB 13L, 1FR, 1s #218x #
677w VS France 13L 2 9C, 4F 2 2 5Cas 3 3.9C |
| 1805 Battle of Cape Finisterre. Spain UK 15 #198C VS France 14, Spain 6 2 2 #647C 1.2C |
| 1805 Popular Lectures on Zoonomia Or Laws of Animal Life, in Health & Disease by Thomas Garnett 101,357 K |
| 1806 Battle of Campo Tenese. Italy France Italy, Etruria, Polish, Legions, Switzerland 6 #500 VS Naples, Sicily 11 3C |
| 1805 Treaty of Pressburg Dissolution of HRE &
Creation of Confederation of Rhine |
|
1758 - 1805 47 Horacio Nelson British admiral
Nelson Affair 1973
That Hamilton Woman 1941 |
| 1749 - 1806 57 Charlotte Turner Smith, writer |
| 1807 Prohibition of shipment of slaves in British ships to British colonies |
| 1737 - 1809 72 Thomas PainePhilosopher |
| 1731 - 1810 79 Henry CavendishChemist (recognized Hydrogen as its own elemental substance) |
| 1808 - 10 2 Rum Rebellion United Kingdom vs New South Wales Corps |
| 1729 - 1811 82 Thomas Percy Bishop & Editor |
1807 - 12 5 AngloRussian War Part of Napoleonic Wars. UK & Sweden VS Russia & Denmark
Result: French invasion of Russia |
| 1814 Observations on Effects of Corn Laws, & of a Rise or Fall in Price of Corn on Agriculture & General Wealth of Country by T. R. (Thomas Robert) Malthus 10,450 K |
| 1807 - 14 7 Gunboat War Part of Napoleonic Wars United Kingdom VS DenmarkNorway |
| 1726 - 1814 88 Charles Burney Musician & Music Historian |
1812 - 15 3 War of 1812 USA 7 35.8E 3R 458.5M, Choctaw #125,
Cherokee,
Creek allies
497 6F 14O 20T 2.2K 4.5W 15T
VS British Empire
UK 5.2 48.2E 10R 4M,
British Canada 9,
Shawnee,
Creek Red Sticks,
Ojibway,
Chickamauga,
Fox,
Iroquois,
Miami,
Mingo,
Ottawa,
Kickapoo,
Delaware (Lenape),
Mascouten,
Potawatomi,
Sauk,
Wyandot 10T
72 11L 34F 52Ot 97T 1.6X 3.7W 3.3D 8.6T
Buccaneer 1938
Buccaneers Girl 1950 |
| 1814 - 6 2 AngloNepalese WarBritish East India Company, Garhwal Kingdom,
Patiala State VS Gorkha Kingdom (Nepal).
|
| 1815 Napoleon banished from England after Battle of Waterloo. |
| 1775 - 1817 42 Jane Austen Writer |
1738 - 1818 84 William Herschel Astronomer |
| 1735 - 1819 84 Edward "Lumpy" Stevens Cricketer |
| 1736 - 1819 83 James Watt Scottish Scientist & Inventor |
| 1743 - 1820 77 Joseph Banks Botanist |
1820 - 30 10 George 4 ^ X67
= Maria Anne Fitzherbert & Caroline of Brunswick 1D
| 1795 - 1821 26 John Keats Poet |
| 1741 - 1821 80 Hester ThraleMemoirist |
| 1792 - 1822 30 Percy Shelley Poet |
| 1749 - 1823 74 Edward Jenner Inventor of vaccination |
| 1764 - 1823 59 Ann Radcliffe Novelist |
| 1788 - 1824 36 Lord Byron Writer |
| 1743 - 1825 82 Anna Laetitia Barbauld, Poet, Essayist & Childrens Author |
| 1737 - 1826 89 John Small Cricketer |
| 1757 - 1827 70 William Blake Artist & Poet |
1830 - 7 7 William 4 X71<
= Adelaide of SaxeMeiningen 2C
| 1745 - 1831 96 Henry Mackenzie Scottish Novelist |
| 1771 - 1832 61 Walter Scott Scottish Novelest & Poet |
| 1832 Great Reform Act British Parliament passes the. |
| 1833 Abolition of slavery throughout Empire |
| 1789 - 1833 44 Edmund Kean Actor |
| 1766 - 1834 68 Thomas Malthus Economist |
| 1772 - 1834 62 Samuel Taylor Coleridge poet, literary critic & philosopher |
| 1756 - 1836 80 William Godwin Philosopher & Novelist |
| 1776 - 1837 61 John Constable Painter |
1837 - 1901 64 Queen Victoria 1819 1901 81 ^<
= Albert of SaxeCoburg & Gotha
* Apex of British Empire. "Victorian Era".
Victoria Great 1937
Sixty Glorious Years 1938
Mrs. Brown 1997
Mudlark 1950
| 1838 Philosophy of Moral Feelings by Abercrombie, John 61,331 K |
| 1840 Practical Enquiry into Philosophy of Education by Gall, James 120,423 K |
| 1752 - 1840 88 Frances Burney Novelist |
| 1841 negative / positive photographic process. 1800 - 77 77 William Fox Talbot, British inventor o |
| 1774 - 1843 69 Robert Southey Poet & Biographer |
| 1748 - 1842 94 Jeremy Bentham Philosopher & Reformer |
1845 - 6 1 1st AngloSikh War. Punjab British East India Company,
Patiala State,
Jind State VS Sikh Empire |
| 1848 Wickliffes Old Testament |
| 1818 - 48 30 Emily Brontë Novelist & Poet |
1848 - 9 1 2nd AngloSikh War . British East India Company VS Sikh Empire.
End of Sikh Empire
| 1849 Battle of Gujrat. Gujrat, Punjab British East India Company 24 96+G 4+X #682W VS Sikh Empire 25 1.5 Afghans 2+ 60G 57G
|
|
| 1820 - 49 29 Anne Brontë Novelist & Poet |
| 1770 - 1850 80 William Wordsworth Writer |
| 1851 Worlds first international Expo Worlds Fair. London |
| 1797 - 1851 54 Mary Shelley |
| 1775 - 1851 76 Joseph Mallord William Turner Landscape Painter, WaterColourist, & Printmaker. |
| 1854 Laws Of War, Affecting Commerce & Shipping by H. Byerley Thomson 40,038 K |
| 1855 Bessemer process mass production of steel |
| 1816 - 55 39 Charlotte Brontë Novelist & Poet |
| 1855 Various Readings Soren Kierkegaard 1813 - 1855 122M 4;27;41 |
| 1856 Sketch of Life of late Henry Cooper BarristeratLaw, of Norfolk Circuit; as also, of his Fatherby William Cooper 42,870 K |
| 1813 - 58 48 Dr. John Snow Epidemiology |
| 1858 desolution of East India Company |
| 1859 Origin of Species Darwin |
| 1806 - 61 55 Elizabeth Barret Browning Poet |
| 1827 - 64 37 John Hanning Speke Explorer |
| 1785 - 1865 80 Sir William Jackson Hooker Botanist, Explorer, father of Sir Joseph Dalton Hooker |
| 1810 - 65 55 Elizabeth Gaskell Novelist |
| 1791 - 1867 76 Michael Faraday Scientist |
| 1867 Time & Tide by Weare & Tyne Twentyfive Letters to a Working Man of Sunderland on Laws of Work by John, 18191900 Ruskin 50,998 K |
| 1811 - 68 57 Charles Kean Actor |
| 1812 - 70 58 Charles Dickens Writer & Social Critic. |
| 1872 V2 Fall of Wolsey to Death of Elizabeth by Froude, James Anthony 165,590 K |
| 1813 - 73 60 David Livingstone Scottish Missionary |
| 1806 - 73 67 John Stuart Mill Philosopher |
| 1873 Treatise on Electricity & Magnetism Maxwell. Scotland |
| 1874 British East India Company is dissolved. |
| 1820 - 75 55 Thomas Baines Artist, Explorer |
| 1875 Early Kings of Norway by Thomas Carlisle 112M 4;06;37 |
| 1877 Queen Victoria is proclaimed "Empress of India." |
1879 AngloZulu War South Africa.
* End of Zulu GB VS Zulu
1879 Battle of Inyezane. GB #10x #16w VS Zulu 6 #350
|
1879 Battle of Isandlwana. GB VS Zulu
|
1879 Battle of Rorkes Drift. GB 139 to 141 British troops + 11 African & colonial troops + 4 civilians
One NNC company of 100 to 350 men
One NNH troop of about 100
17 killed or mortally wounded
15 others recorded wounded
NNH troop of about 100 men
NNC company of 100 to 350 men, & several civilians fled station as battle began.
VS Zulu 4 Zulu regiments, 3,000 to 4,000 men:
iNdluyengwe ibutho: 500 to 700 men
uThulwana, iNdlondo, uDluko amabuthos: about 3,000 men
351 confirmed killed
about 500 wounded |
1879 Siege of Eshowe. GB 6.7 #44 VS Zulu 12 1.3
|
1879 Battle of Intombe, Zulu #5800 Min VS GB #104 #6280
|
1879 Battle of Hlobane, Zulu 25T
2E Min VS GB #675 #225X
8W
#12OX #80RX
|
1879 Battle of Kambula, GB 2
#180A 6C
29X 54W
VS Zulu 20 1
|
| 1879 Battle of Gingindlovu. GB 5.7 11X 62W VS Zulu 11 1 |
1879 Battle of Ulundi. GB
4200 British
1000 Africans
2 Gatling Guns
10 cannons
82103.
1318 killed
6985 wounded
VS Zulu 1215 1.5T #473X #1+W |
|
| 1831 - 79 48 James Clerk Maxwell Scottish physicist |
| 1879 History of English People, V5 Puritan England, 16031660 by Green, John Richard 95,546 K |
| 1819 - 80 59 George Eliot Novelist, Journalist, Translator |
| 1848 - 80 32 Adelaide Neilson Actress |
| 1880 Mysteries of All Nations Rise & Progress of Superstition, Laws Against & Trialsof Witches, Ancient & Modern Delusions Together With Strange Customs, Fables, & Talesby James Grant 224,166 K |
| 1881 A Political Diary 18281830, Volume 2 by Edward (Lord Ellenborough) Law 116,274 K |
| 1881 First electrical power plant & grid in Godalming, Britain. |
1882 AngoEgyptian War. GB 40.5 VS Egypt ?
Britain Occupies Egypt
| 1882 Bombardment of Alexandria. GB France 9B
1T 1St
5G
6X 27W VS Egypt 11F #680700Cas |
| Battle of Tel elKebir UK 18.5 70G #57X #380W #22M VS Egypt 15 60G 1.4X #681W |
|
| 1826 - 81 55 Edward Askew Sothern Actor |
| 1884 George Eliot; a Critical Study of Her Life, Writings & Philosophy by Cooke, George Willis 164,038 K |
| 1885 Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll & Mr. Hyde Robert Louis Stevenson is published. Scotland |
| 1886 Romance of Mathematics Being Original Researches of a Lady Professor of Girtham College in Polemical Science, with some Account of Social Properties ... Forces; & Laws of Political Motion by P. Hampson 17,246 K |
| 1821 1889 78 Churchill Babington Archaeology |
| 1890 Picture of Dorian Grey 1854 1900 46 Oscar Wilde |
| 1809 - 92 83 Alfred, Lord Tennyson Poet |
| 1825 - 92 67 Henry Walter Bates Naturalist, explorer |
| 1821 - 93 72 Samuel Baker Explorer |
| 1893 Law & Lawyers of Pickwick A Lecture by Frank Lockwood 17,992 K |
| 1850 - 94 44 Robert Louis Stevenson Scottish Novelist, Poet, Essayist & Travel Writer |
| 1894 History of Plague in London by Defoe, Daniel 97,557 K |
| 1875 Law & Lady by Wilkie Collins 144,569 K |
| 1893 Advancement of Learning by Bacon, Francis 86,721 K |
| 1895 Life of Sir James Fitzjames Stephen, Bart., K.C.S.I. A Judge of High Court of Justice by Leslie Stephen 173,047 K |
| 1896 History of English People, V7 Revolution, 16831760; Modern England, 17601767 by Green, John Richard 87,598 K |
| 1896 1st Professor of Anthropology Oxford. Edward Burnett Tylor 1832 1917 85 |
| 1897 Legal Lore Curiosities of Law & Lawyers by Various & William Andrews 60,545 K |
| 1898 Full Revelations of a Professional RatCatcher by Ike Matthews 16.3M 1;11;32 |
| 1899 River War by Winston Churchill 18741965 391M 14;14;09 |
|
| 1800s Channel Islands Grey Guernsey Castle |
| 1822 - 4 Camden Town Cathedral |
| 1825 - 32 Gibraltar Anglican Cathedral |
| 1839 - 42 Cardiff Cathedral |
| 1840 - 64 Northampton Cathedral |
| 1841 - 4 Nottingham Cathedral |
| 1843 London Cathedral NW1 |
| 1848 St Georges Roman Catholic Cathedral Southwark |
| 1856 - 8 Plymouth Cathedral |
|
1856 Shrewsbury Cathedral |
| 1857 - 1901 Lancaster Cathedral |
| 1873 Birmingham Orthodox Cathedral |
| 1876 - 8 Middlesbrough Cathedral |
| 1880 - 1910 Truro Cathedral |
| 1895 1903 Westminster Cathedral |
| 1849 - 51 Millport Cathedral Scotland |
| 1853 - 5 Dundee Cathedral Scotland |
| 1860 St Marys Cathedral, Aberdeen Scotland |
| 1866 - 9 Inverness Cathedral Scotland |
| 1873 - 80s Edinburgh Cathedral Scotland |
| 1825 - 32 Cathedral of Holy Trinity, Gibraltar |
|
1892 Goughs Cave Discovered |
|
United Kingdom of
Great Britain & Ireland
1801 - 1922 121
Saxe-Coburg & Gotha
1901 - 14 13 |
1901 - 10 9 Edward 7 1841 - 1910 68 ^ = Alexandra of Denmark 6C
| 1853 - 1902 49 Cecil Rhodes English/South African businessman |
| 1834 - 1903 69 James Abbott McNeill Whistler AmericanBritish artist |
| 1830 - 1904 74 Eadweard Muybridge Motion Photographer, Chronophotographer |
| 1841 - 1904 63 Henry M. Stanley Journalist, Welsh Explorer |
| 1905 Childs History of England by Dickens, Charles 167,198 K |
| 1907 Short History of England, Ireland & Scotland by Parmele, Mary Platt History of England from Norman Conquest to Death of John (10661216) by Adams, George Burton 57,289 K |
| 1909 History of Witchcraft in England from 1558 to 1718 by Notestein, Wallace 143,836 K |
| 1813 - 1907 94 contest Great Game British Empire VS Russia To control Central Asia. |
| 1824 - 1907 83 William Thomson Lord Kelvin, Scottish Physicist |
| 1913 Spencers Philosophy of Science Herbert Spencer Lecture Delivered at Museum 7 November, 1913 by Morgan, C. Lloyd (Conwy Lloyd) 16,835 K |
| 1913 Short History of English Liberalism by Blease, Walter Lyon |
Windsor
1914 - Present 95 |
1910 - 36 26 George 5 1865 1936 70 ^ = Mary of Teck 6C
| 1912 V8 First Invasion by Romans to Accession of King George 5 by Lingard, John, Belloc, Hilaire 219,381 K |
| 1912 History of England from First Invasion by Romans to Accession of King George 5 V8 by Belloc, Hilaire, Lingard, John 219,381 K |
| 1914 Our Knowledge of External World as a Field for Scientific Method in Philosophyby Russell, Bertrand 75,139 K |
| 1914 Law & Poor by Edward Abbott Parry 92,537 K |
| 1817 - 1911 94 Sir Joseph Dalton Hooker Botanist, Explorer, friend of Charles Darwin |
| 1848 - 1915 67 Dr William Gilbert WG Grace, Cricketer |
| 1851 - 1917 66 Frederick Selous Explorer |
| 1863 - 1917 54 Bob Fitzsimmons Heavyweight Boxer |
| 1775 - 1818 43 Matthew Lewis Novelist & Playwright |
| 1920 Humorous History of England by Harrison, Charles 11475 K |
| 1832 - 1922 90 Sir John Kirk Scottish Explorer, Physician, companion of David Livingston |
| 1844 - 1923 79 Sarah Bernhardt Actress |
| 1856 - 1925 69 Henry Rider Haggard Adventure Novelist |
| 1850 - 1925 75 Oliver Heaviside Electrical Engineer, Physical Mathematician |
| 1926 Imperial conference gives Dominion status to settler colonies |
| 1840 - 1928 88 Thomas Hardy Novelist & Poet |
| 1847 - 1928 81 Ellen Terry Actress |
| 1853 - 1929 76 Lillie Langtry Actress, Socialite |
| 1929 Secretary of State for Dominions instituted |
| 1859 - 1930 71 Arthur Conan Doyle Scottish Physician & Writer |
1931 St Mirins Cathedral in Paisley Scotland
| 1931 Statute of Westminster gives Dominions control over own parliaments |
1932 - 59 27 St Columbas Cathedral in Oban Scotland
1936 Edward 8 ^ =Wallis Warfield Simpson X77
| 1866 1946 80 HG Wells Novelist |
1936 52 16 George 6 X56 < = Elizabeth BowesLyon 2C.
| 1938 IRA bombings in England |
1940 Winston Churchill takes office
Young Winston 1972
|
| 1865 1940 75 Mrs Patrick Campbell Actress |
1952 present 59 Elizabeth 2 ^
= Philip of Greece & Denmark 4C
| 1962 Commonwealth immigrants act |
| 1966 England wins World Cup . |
| 1971 N. Ireland Internment policy |
1973 Britain joins European Community
|
| 1974 IRA bombing of mainland |
| 1997 Hong Kong handed back to Chinese. End of empire. |
1979 Thatcher 1st female PM
RiffRaff 1990
Los Chicos de la Guerra 1985 |
|
| 1904 - 78 Liverpool Cathedral |
| 1936 - 61 Guildford Cathedral |
| 1956 - 62 Coventry Cathedral |
| 1958 Liverpool Metropolitan Cathedral |
|
2003 Baitul Futuh Mosque UK |
|
Scotland 1
843 - 1707 1864 |
1513 James 5,
(Seumas 5 Stiùbhairt) ^ James 4 1512 - 1542
1542 - 3 1 Queen Mary 1 ^ (1542 - 87 45)
Mary of Scotland 1936
Mary, Queen of Scots 1971
| 1560 - 1 1 Scottish Reformation by John Knox 1510 - 72 62 was a Scottish clergyman & leader of Protestant Reformation who is considered founder of Presbyterian denomination. |
1567 - 1625 58 James 6
(also James 1 of England & Ireland)
(Seumas 6 Stiùbhairt) ^ Mary I by Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley
| 1558 - 94 36 Thomas Kyd Dramatist |
|
|
|
Scotland 2
1660 - 1707 47
1702 - 7 5 Queen Anne (also Anne of England & Ireland)
(Anna Stiùbhairt) daughter of James 7 1665 1714 Acts of Union, creation of Great Britain
From 1707, titles King of Scots & Queen of Scots are incorrect. Hence, this list runs up to 1707; for monarchs after that date, see List of British monarchs.
| 1707 Act of Union between England & Scotland |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Union of DenmarkNorway
1523 - 36 13 |
|
Kingdom of
Denmark Norway
1536 - 1814 278 |
@ Copenhagen
1523 - 33 10 Frederick 1 ^4 Christian 1 & Dorothea = Anna of Brandenburg 2 ch & Sophie of Pomerania 6C X61
1534 - 59 25 Christian 3 ^ Anna = Dorothea of SaxeLauenburg 5C X55
| 1534 - 6 2 Counts Feud. Christian 2 vs Christian 3. |
1554 Egeskov Castle
1559 - 1607 48 Rosenholm Castle
1559 - 88 29 Frederick 2 ^ Dorothea = Sophie of MecklenburgGüstrow 8C X 53
1558 - 83 35 Livonian War Livonian Confederation, Polish Lithuanian Commonwealth, DenmarkNorway, Sweden, Zaporozhian Cossacks, Transylvania 77 VS Russia, Livonia
1573 Meilgaard Castle
| 1578 Battle of Wenden Latvia Sweden, PolandLithuania 5.56 ?small VS Russia 158 7 |
1581 - 2 1 Siege of Pskov Russia Russia 16 VS PolandLithuania, Transylvania 27 4 Cossacks
| 1582 Truce of Jam Zapolski. |
|
|
Cession of: Estonia to Sweden, Livonia, Courland & Semigallia to Poland–Lithuania, Ösel to Denmark–Norway |
|
| 1572 Supernova SN 1572 observed by Dane Tycho Brahe in Milky Way. |
|
| 1586 St. Canutes Cathedral |
|
Kingdom of
Denmark Norway
1536 - 1814 278 |
1588 - 1648 60 Christian 4 12 ^ = Anne Catherine of Brandenburg 7C & Kirsten Munk 12C X70
| 1546 1601 55 Tycho Brahe, astronomer. |
| 1602 20 Fredriksborg Castle |
1618 48 30 Thirty Years War Protestant States & Allies Dutch Rep. 75, Sweden 150, Bohemia 1820 2 3040, DenmarkNorway 259 4 50 France 35 150, Saxony, Electoral Palatinate, BrunswickLüneburg,
England 2530 5, BrandenburgPrussia, Transylvania 6, Hungarian AntiHabsburg Rebels 2030, Zaporozhian Cossacks, Ottoman Empire 100150 Germans 61T VS Roman Catholic States & Allies HRE, Catholic League, Austria, Bavaria, Hungary, Croatia, Spain 300T, DenmarkNorway 43 5 2 20 Hungarian & Croatian c 100200 Germans 450T
8M Both Sides
1639 44 Valdemars Castle |
1648 - 70 22 Frederick 3 ^3 Anne = Sophie Amalie of BrunswickLüneburg 8 ch X 60
1655 - 60 5 2nd Northern War. Denmark, Sweden, Lithuania Sweden,
BrandenburgPrussia,
Transylvania & Ukrainian Cossacks VS DenmarkNorway,
Habsburg monarchy, PolandLithuania,
Russia,
BrandenburgPrussia
& Dutch Republic.
1657 - 8 1 Dano-Swedish War of 578 Denmark, Sweden, Germany Sweden VS DenmarkNorway
| 1658 Swedish Capture of Funen. |
| 1658 Treaty of Roskilde DenmarkNorway losses 1/2 of land. Scania, Blekinge, Halland, Bohuslän, Bornholm & Trøndelag becomes Swedish territories |
|
1658 - 60 2 Dano-Swedish War
Part of 5860 Denmark-Norway Dutch Rep.,
BrandenburgPrussia,
PolandLithuania VS Sweden
| 1658 Battle of Sound Denmark Denmark, Dutch Rep. 3Sq 35 2 1.3G 4Sa 2So #296X #503W VS Sweden 44 4Sq 4 1.6G 4Sa 2.4So #350X #850W |
| 1659 Assault on Copenhagen |
| 1660 Treaty of Copenhagen Bornholm & Trøndelag returned to DenmarkNorway. Current borders between Denmark & Sweden. |
|
|
1670 - 99 29 Christian 5 ^ Charlotte Amalie of HesseKassel 8C X 53
| 1676 First measurement of speed of light. |
|
1699 1735 Frederiksberg Castle |
|
|
Kingdom of
Denmark Norway
1536 - 1814 278 |
|
|
Kingdom of Denmark
1814 - Present 198 |
|
| 1829 Church of Our Lady Cathedral Copenhagen |
| 1842 St. Ansgars Cathedral |
|
Kingdom of Denmark
1814 - Present 198 |
|
|
|
|
|
Kingdom of
Denmark Norway
1536 1814 278
Norwegian Empire
1536 1814 722
1588 1648 60 Christian 4
| 1596 William Barents discovers Spitsbergen, Norway. |
1648 - 70 22 Frederick 3
| 1650s Barony Rosendal Castle |
1670 - 99 29 Christian 5
| 1685 Kristiansten Fortress |
|
|
Kingdom of
Denmark Norway
1536 - 1814 278
Norwegian Empire
1536 - 1814 722
Oldenburg
1483 - 1814 331 |
1699 - 1730 31 Frederick 4
| 1718 Battle of Fredriksten |
1730 - 46 16 Christian 6
1746 - 66 20 Frederic 5
1766 - 1808 42 Christian 7
|
|
Kingdom of
Denmark Norway
1536 - 1814 278
Norwegian Empire
1536 - 1814 722
Oldenburg
1483 - 1814 331 |
1808 - 14 6 Frederick 6
1814 Norwegian / Swedish War Part of Napoleonic Wars Sweden 45,523 men
117 field batteries
5 ships of line
70 gunboats 400 dead & wounded 300 capturedVS Norway
30,000 men
8 field batteries
7 brigs
150 gunboats 1,600 dead & wounded 300 captured
| 1814 Convention of Moss. Norway enters Personal Union w/ Sweden. |
|
HolsteinGottorp
1814 - 8 4 |
1814 - 18 4 Charles 2
Bernadotte
1818 - 1905 87 |
1818 - 44 26 Charles 3 John
1844 - 59 15 Oscar 1
1859 - 72 13 Charles 4
1872 - 1905 33 Oscar 2
|
Kingdom of
SwedenNorway
1818 - 1905 88
|
|
1849 - 66 Hamar Cathedral |
|
Kingdom of Norway
1905 - Present 107
Glucksburg
1905 - Present 106 |
| 1905 Norway breaks from Sweden. |
1905 - 57 52 Haakon 7
| 1843 - 1907 64 Edvard Grieg Composer & Pianist |
| 1828 - 1906 78 Henrik Ibsen, playwright |
| 1872 - 1928 56 Roald Amundsen Explorer |
| 1863 - 1944 81 Edvard Munch Painter & Printmaker |
1957 - 91 34 Olav 5
1991 - Present 20 Harald 5 |
|
|
|
1st Kingdom of Sweden
1536 - 1814 278
| 1523 Independence from Kalmar Union |
1523 - 60 37 Gustav 1 1496 - 1560 64 restored Swedish sovereignty & introduced Protestantism in Sweden
| 1527 Protestant Reformation begins in Sweden. |
1560 - 8 8 Eric 14
1568 - 92 24 John 3
1592 - 9 7 Sigmund 1566 - 1632 66 1st & only monarch of Polish–Swedish union; his long reign in Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth coincided with apex of Commonwealths prestige, power & economic influence
1599 - 1604 5 Duke Charles
| 1594 - 1632 38 Gustavus Adolphus |
| 1542 - 3 1 Dacke War King VS Peasants |
|
Kingdom of PolandSweden
1592 - 9 7 |
| 1598 Battle of Stångebro Started PolandSweden War Sweden Swedish Rebels 812 #500XW VS PolandSweden 58 2X |
|
| 1500s Bogesund Castle |
| 1500s Bellinga Castle |
| 1500s Ericsberg Castle |
| 1500s Högestad Castle |
| 1500s Smedstorp Castle |
| 1500s Torup Castle |
| 1500s Ulvåsa |
| 1530 Malmö Castle |
| 1530s Svaneholm Castle |
| 1530s Trolleholm Castle |
| 1537 Gripsholm Castle |
| 1544 Vaxholm Castle |
| 1545 - 1620 Vadstena Castle |
| 1548 Rydboholm Castle |
| 1549 Uppsala Castle |
| 1550s Rössjöholm Castle |
| 1550s Strömsholm Palace |
| 15537 Vittskövle Castle |
| 1559 Landskrona Citadel |
| 1559 Trollenäs Castle |
| 1573 Örebro Castle |
| 1580 Drottningholm Palace |
| 1580 Svartsjö Palace |
| 1597 Sövdeborg Castle |
1572 Visby Cathedral Diocese Established
|
| 1593 - 1846 Härnösand Cathedral |
| Midieval Bridge at Alby, Öland |
|
1st Kingdom of Sweden
1536 - 1814 278
1599 - 1604 5 Duke Charles
1600 - 11 11 PolandSwedish War of 16001611. Sweden 12 Then 9 VS PolandLithuania, CorlandSemigallia
| 1601 Battle of Kokenhausen Latvia PolandLithuania #300 2.7C #1200XW 9G VS Sweden #900 4C 2XW 17G |
| 1604 Battle of Weissenstein Estonia PolandLithuania 2.3 #50X #100W VS Sweden 5 3XWC 6C 6C 26B
|
1604 - 11 7 Charles 9
1605 Battle of Kircholm Part of 30 yrs War Latvia PolandLithuania, CorlandSemigallia
1,
2.6C 3.6T 5G #100X #200W VS Sweden 9 2C 11T 11G 59XWMC 11G 60B |
|
| 1610 - 17 7 Ingrian War. Russia Sweden VS Russia
|
1611 - 32 21 Gustav 2 Adolph
1632 - 54 32 Christina 1626 89 63 high profile Catholic convert, matron of arts
1632 - 54 22 Queen Cristina of Sweden Abdicates
Queen Christina 1933
Abdication 1974 |
PalatinateZweibrücken
1654 1720 66 |
1654 - 60 6 Charles 10 Gustav
1660 - 97 37 Charles 11
1697 - 1718 21 Charles 12
Swedish Empire
1611 - 1718 107
| 1611 - 3 2 Kalmar War Denmark Norway VS Sweden |
|
| 1600 - 11 11 Polish Swedish War Sweden VS PolandLithuania |
1632 Battle of Lützen death of king of Sweden Gustav II Adolf. Sweden Protestant Union 12.8
6.2C 60G 3.4X 1.6W&M VS HRE Catholic League 10
7C, Then 3 2C 24G Same |
| 1655 - 61 6 Northern Wars cement Swedens rise as a Great Power. |
1675 - 9 4 Scanian War Part of FrancoDutch War. Scandinavia. DenmarkNorway,
United Provinces,
Brandenburg,
Holy Roman Empire,
Spain VS Swedish Empire,
France
| 1676 Battle of Halmstad Sweden 6 #50X #130W VS DenmarkNorway 4 1.5X 2C |
| 1676 Battle of Bornholm |
| 1676 Battle of Lund |
| 1676 Battle of Öland DenmarkNorway, Dutch Rep. 42 1F #100 VS Sweden 57 5 6C 12 1.4 |
| 1677 Battle of Landskrona Sweden 5 4C 4P #650 VS Denmark 5 7C 2.5 |
| 1677 Battle of Møn DenmarkNorway, Dutch Rep. 17 671G negligible VS Sweden 12 404G 1W 7C 1.5 |
| 1677 Battle of Køge Bay DenmarkNorway 34 6.7 #375XW VS Sweden 457 8 9.2 3 |
| 1677 Siege of Malmo |
| 1677 Battle of Uddevalla |
|
| 1643 - 5 2 Torstenson War Part of Thirty Years War Sweden
Dutch Republic DenmarkNorway
Holy Roman Empire |
| 1629 Cardinal Richelieu allies with Swedish Protestant forces in Thirty Years War to counter Ferdinand IIs expansion. |
|
| 1600s Ekebyholm Castle |
| 1600s Jordberga Castle |
| 1600s Örbyhus Castle |
| 1600s Torpa stenhus |
| 1609 Halmstad Castle |
| 1614 Johannisborg Castle |
| 1617 - 23 Viderup Castle |
| 1620s Tyresö Palace |
| 1625 - 45 Tidö Castle |
| 1630 Edsberg Castle |
| 1632 Koberg Castle |
| 1633 Vrams Gunnarstorp Castle |
| 1634 - 8 Rosersberg Palace |
| 1634 - 40s Tunbyholm Castle |
| 1634 Karlberg Castle |
| 1637 Brahehus Castle |
| 1637 Råbelöv Castle |
| 1638 Maltesholm Castle |
| 1640s Hässelby Castle |
| 1642 Fiholm Castle |
| 1643 - 5 Ulriksdal Palace |
| 1648 Marsvinsholm Castle |
| 1650 Åkeshov Castle |
| 1650 Älvsborg Castle |
| 1651 Charlottenborg Castle |
| 1654 Häringe Castle |
| 1654 - 76 Skokloster Castle |
| 1655 - 62 Stjärnorp Castle |
| 1660 Löfstad Castle |
| 1660s Gripenberg Castle |
| 1660s Hässelbyholm Castle |
| 1660s Mälsåker Castle |
| 1660s Mariedal Castle |
| 1667 Årsta Castle |
| 1667 Carlsten Fortress |
| 1668 ÖsterMalma Castle |
| 1670 Ekebyhov Castle |
| 1670 Johannishus Castle |
| 1676 Svenstorp Castle |
| 1679 Pålsjö Castle |
| 1679 Rudbeck Uppsala Castle garden |
| 1685 Finspång Castle |
| 1694 - 8 Steninge Palace |
| 1697 - 1760 Stockholm Palace |
|
1627 - 1700 Gothenburg Cathedral |
|
1st Kingdom of Sweden
1718 - 1814 278
Swedish Empire
1611 - 1718 107
Stockholm
Swedish
Constitutional monarchy,
Unitary parliamentary representative democracy
PalatinateZweibrücken
1654 - 1720 66 |
1697 - 1718 21 Charles 12
| 1716 Battle of Dynekilen |
1718 - 20 2 Ulrica Eleanor
Taras Bulba 1962
Potop ( Deluge) 1975
Pan Tadeusz 2000
| 1208 Battle of Lena |
1709 Battle of Poltava Russia 24.5,
14.6 dragoons,
3 Kalmyks
86 Can 42 Seige: 4.2R,
2 Cossacks
28 Ca 1.4X 3.3W VS Sweden 8.7, 7.8 Cal 16.5 Seige: 1.1 #200 Cal 6.9 Cal 2.8 Cap
*
Swedish * flees to Ottoman Empire * of Cossack Hetmanate autonomity |
| 1710 Battle of Helsingborg. |
|
1720 - 51 31 Frederick
1751 - 71 20 Adolph Frederick
| 1772 Coup détat by Gustav 3 becoming almost an absolute monarch. |
1771 - 92 21 Gustav 3
assassinated by a conspiracy of noblemen.
| 1707 - 78 71 Carolus Linnaeus Biologist |
1792 - 1809 17 Gustav 4 Adolph
1741 - 3 2 RussoSwedish War,
Hats Russian War.
*
Part of War of Austrian Succession. Finland Russia VSSweden, Finland |
| 1701 - 44 43 Anders Celsius Astronomer |
HolsteinGottorp
1751 - 1818 67 |
| 1760 Swedenborgism Emmanuel Swedenborg |
| 1688 - 1762 74 Emanuel Swedenborg Swedish scientist, thinker & mystic |
| 1742 - 86 44 Carl Wilhelm Scheele, Swedish chemist (discovered oxygen) |
|
| 1700 Skokloster Castle |
| 1700s Björksund Castle |
| 1720s Krageholm Castle |
| 1720s Toppeladugård Castle |
| 1720s Tullgarn Palace |
| 1731 Brokind Castle |
| 1740 Christinehof Castle |
| 1750 Kristineberg Castle |
| 1752 Björnstorp Castle |
| 1754 Gävle Castle |
| 1757 Gåsevadholm Castle |
| 1758 Herrevad Abbey |
| 1760 Kronovall Castle |
| 1760s Erstavik Castle |
| 1766 Bjärsjölagård Castle |
| 1774 Ljung Castle |
| 1775 Kavlås Castle |
| 1776 Almnäs Castle |
| 1776 Övedskloster Castle |
| 1780 Heby Castle |
| 1791 BjärkaSäby Castle |
| 1794 Östanå Castle |
| 1796 Gunnebo Castle |
| 1798 Löberöd Castle |
|
1st Kingdom of Sweden
1718 - 1814 278
Stockholm
Swedish
Constitutional monarchy,
Unitary parliamentary representative democracy
HolsteinGottorp
1751 - 1818 67 |
1792 - 1809 17 Gustav 4 Adolph
1809 - 18 9 Charles 13
1808 - 9 1 Finnish War Russia, France, Spain 95+ VS Sweden, UK, Portugal
36+
1809 Treaty of Fredrikshamn.
Sweden Finland to be autonomous part of Russia |
|
|
Kingdom of
SwedenNorway
1814 - 1905 91
Stockholm
Swedish
Constitutional monarchy,
Unitary parliamentary representative democracy
HolsteinGottorp
1751 - 1818 67 |
1809 - 18 9 Charles 13
Bernadotte
1818 Present 194 |
1818 - 44 22 Charles 14 John
1844 - 59 15 Oscar 1
1859 - 72 13 Charles 15
1872 - 1907 35 Oscar 2
| 1820 - 87 67 Jenny Lind Opera singer called Swedish Nightingale |
| 1833 - 96 63 Alfred Nobel Chemist, Engineer, Inventor |
|
| 1800s Solliden Palace |
| 1800s TrolleLjungby Castle |
| 1804 Ovesholm Castle |
| 1805 Haga Palace |
| 1807 - 13 TaxingeNäsby Castle |
| 1811 Rönneholm Castle |
| 1819 Karlsborg Fortress |
| 1827 Rosendal Palace |
| 1827 Rosendal Castle, Helsingborg |
| 1835 Nääs Castle |
| 1849 Charlottenlund Castle |
| 1850s Rånäs Manor |
| 1854 Kulla Gunnarstorp Castle |
| 1858 Helliden Castle |
| 1861 Örtofta Castle |
| 1862 Karsholm Castle |
| 1862 Alnarp Castle |
| 1865 Sofiero Castle |
| 1870s Snogeholm Castle |
| 1872 Stora Sundby Castle |
| 1873 Gärsnäs Castle |
| 1874 Dagsnäs Castle |
| 1875 Häckeberga Castle |
| 1890 Vannaröd Castle |
| 1897 Hjularöd Castle |
| 1898 - 1904 Tjolöholm Castle |
1892 Saint Erics Cathedral, Stockholm
|
| 1893 Luleå Cathedral Consecrated |
|
1860s Uppåkra church |
|
Kingdom of
SwedenNorway
1814 - 1905 91
Stockholm
Swedish
Constitutional monarchy,
Unitary parliamentary representative democracy
Bernadotte
1818 - Present 194 |
1872 - 1907 35 Oscar 2
|
2nd Kingdom of Sweden
1905 - Present 107
Stockholm
Swedish
Constitutional monarchy,
Unitary parliamentary representative democracy
Bernadotte
1818 - Present 194 |
1872 - 1907 35 Oscar 2
1907 - 50 43 Gustaf 5
| 1939 - 40 Winter War. East Finland USSR, Russian Finland 998.1 126.9XM 188.7W 5.6C 2.56.5T 3.5 3.9 261515 323CaVS Finland, Swedish V, Danish V, Norwegian V 337346.5 25.9XM 43.6W 1C #957Ci32T 2030 114 62 70Ca
|
1950 - 73 23 Gustaf 6 Adolf
1973 - Present 39 Carl 16 Gustaf |
| 1900 Teleborg Castle |
|
|
|
Swedish Finland
1250 - 1809 559
1590 Oulu
| 1596 Cudgel War Nobels 1.53.3+ VS Peasants 14+ |
|
|
Swedish Finland
1250 - 1809 559
1604 - 19 15 Kajaanin
| 1696 7 1 Famine kills almost a third of population. |
|
|
|
Russian
Grand Duchy of Finland
1809 - 1917 108
@ Turku (1809 - 12 3)
Helsinki (1812 - 7 5)
Swedish, Finnish, Russian
Evangelical Lutheran & Russian Orthodox
Constitutional meritocratic grand principality of Russian Empire
|
| 1806 - 15 Kuopio Cathedral |
| 1858 - 60 St. Henrys Cathedral |
| 1862 - 8 Uspenski Cathedral, Helsinki |
| 1874 - 8 Savonlinna Cathedral |
| 1896 - 7 Mikkeli Cathedral |
|
Russian
Grand Duchy of Finland
1809 - 1917 108
@ Turku (1809 - 12 3)
Helsinki (1812 - 7 5)
Swedish, Finnish, Russian
Evangelical Lutheran & Russian Orthodox
Constitutional meritocratic grand principality
1902 - 7 Tampere Cathedral |
Republic of Finland
1917 - Present 95
@ Helsinki
Finnish, Swedish, Saami |
|
|
|
Terra Mariana
1207 - 1561 354 |
@Riga, Latvia |
Swedish Duchy of Livonia
1561 - 1621 60
@ Fellin (Viljandi), Estonia
Vassal of Grand Duchy of Lithuania,
then of Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth |
Swedish Duchy of Estonia
1561 - 1721 160
@ Reval
German, Estonian, Swedish
Lutheranism
Dominion
|
|
Swedish Duchy of Livonia
1561 - 1621 60
@ Fellin (Viljandi)
Vassal of Grand Duchy of Lithuania,
then of Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth |
Swedish Duchy of Estonia
1561 - 1721 160
@ Reval
German, Estonian, Swedish
Lutheranism
Dominion
|
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Swedish Duchy of Estonia
1561 - 1721 160
@ Reval
German, Estonian, Swedish
Lutheranism
Dominion
| 1700 Battle of Narva. |
| 1702 Battle of Hummelshof. |
|
Russian Governorate of Estonia
1721 - 1917 196 |
|
Duchy of Livonia
1721 - 1917 196 |
|
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1778 - 9 1 St Marys Cathedral Spire & Nave, Tallinn |
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Russian Governorate of Estonia
1721 - 1917 196 |
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Duchy of Livonia
1721 - 1917 196 |
|
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1894 - 1900 6 Alexander Nevsky Cathedral, Tallinn |
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Russian Governorate of Estonia
1721 - 1917 196 |
|
Duchy of Livonia
1721 - 1917 196 |
|
Russian
Governorate of Estonia
1917 - 8 1
@ Tallin
Autonomous Governate
Governate of Russian Republic
|
Estonian
Soviet Socialist Republic
1940 - 90 50
@ Tallin
Estonian & Russian
Soviot Socialist Republic
| 1941 Operation Barbarosa. Belarus, Ukraine, Moldova, Russia, Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia USSR 2.9MPres 5.5M 465.4X 101.5XfmW 235.3NCX 2.3MM 3.13MTX 1.26MW 66.1S 13.6FB 1.3MTW 500C 125T(FL) 20.5 3540 21.2 VS Germany, Romania, Italy, Hungary, Slovakia, Croatia, Finland 5.5M 220.6X 56.3M 261.8W 1M+CaT 4.3T 2.8 46A 4.4 2
|
1941 4 3 Bombing of Tallinn in World War II. Estonia.
| 1942 3 2 Red Air Force raids. |
| 1944 Red Air Force raids. 300 dropped 3Bombs #757X |
|
| 1941 Evacuation of Tallinn. Gulf of Finland Germany, Finland VS USSR 12+X 12W 34M |
| 1944 Tallinn Offensive. Estonia USSR 195 VS Germany 50 50, Estonian Cons. VS Estonian Independence 2 |
| 1944 Operation Bagration. Belarus, Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia, Poland USSR 2.33M, Poland 79.9 4.1MT 770.9 180XM 590.8WS 2.7T 1.4AG 3T&AG 24.4G 2.4 5.3 822 VS Germany, Hungary 486.5FL 400Su 886.5 381X 158.5C 118T 377AG 2.6G 602 |
| 1944 Moonzund Landing Operation. Estonia USSR, Finland VS Germany |
| 1944 Battle of Narva . Estonia Germany, Estonian Partisans 123.5 68 14XM 54WS 32T 137 VS Russia 200 480 (Ci Incl) 100XM 380WS 2.5G 100T 300 800 230
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| 1944 Battle for Narva Bridgehead. Estonia USSR 205 65XM 235WS 2.5AG 100T 130AV 800 230 VS Germany 123.5 12XMC 46WS32T 137 |
| 1944 Battle of Tannenberg Line. Estonia Germany, Estonian Conscripts 22.3 10 2.5XM 7.5WS 7T 6 7080AG 49 VS USSR 136.8 170 35XM 135WS 150AV 157164T 1.7AG 546 |
| 1944 Battle of Porkuni. Estonia USSR 10 1 VS Estonia 1.5 #500X #700C |
| 1944 Riga Offensive. Latvia, Estonia USSR VS Germany |
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Republic of Estonia
1990 - Present 22
@ Tallin
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Archbishopric of Riga
1186 - 1561 375 |
@Riga, Latvia
Latin,
Low German,
Livonian,
Latvian
|
Terra Mariana
1207 - 1561 354 |
Riga
Latin, Low German, Estonian, Latvian, Livonian
Roman Catholicism
N/A |
State of
Tuotonic Order
1224 - 1525 301 |
@Marienburg, Poland 1308 - 1454 146 &
@Königsberg, Russia 1454 - 1525 71 |
Bishopric of Courland
1234 - 1562 328 |
@Piltene, Latvia
Latin, Low German, Curonian
Ferding, Schilling |
Duchy of Livonia
1561 - 1621 60 |
Fellin (Viljandi), Estonia
| 1560 Battle of Ergeme Part of 30 yrs war Latvia Russia 12 VS Livonia 330K 261 |
|
Polish Lithuanian Duchy of
Courland & Semigallia
1562 - 1795 233
@
Mitau (Jelgava), Latvia
German, Latvian
Lutheranism, Roman Catholicism
Duchy
|
Kingdom of Livonia
1570 - 8 8
Latvia
1570 - 8 8 Magnus of Livonia |
|
Polish Lithuanian Duchy of
Courland & Semigallia
1562 - 1795 233
@
Mitau (Jelgava), Latvia
German, Latvian
Lutheranism, Roman Catholicism
Duchy
|
PolishLithuanian
Livonian Voivodeship
1621 - 1772 151
@ Dyneburg
|
Swedish Livonia
1629 - 1721 92
@ Riga
Swedish, Estonian, Latvian, Livonian, Low German (Latin as lingua franca)
Lutheranism
|
Inflanty Voivodeship
1621 - 1772 151 |
@Dyneburg
|
| 1605 Battle of Kircholm |
|
Polish Lithuanian Duchy of
Courland & Semigallia
1562 - 1795 233
@
Mitau (Jelgava)
German, Latvian
Lutheranism, Roman Catholicism
Duchy
|
PolishLithuanian
Livonian Voivodeship
1621 - 1772 151
@ Dyneburg
|
Swedish Livonia
92
@ Riga
Swedish, Estonian, Latvian, Livonian, Low German (Latin as lingua franca)
Lutheranism
|
Russian Governorate of Livonia
1721 - 1918 197
@ Riga
|
Russian Courland Governorate
1795 - 1915 120
@ Jelgava
|
| 1701 Battle of Crossing of Duna River. |
Habsburg Empire
1526 - 1804 278
| 1703 - 11 8 Rákóczi Uprising againstHabsburg Monarchy. |
| 1656 - 1723 67 Johann Bernhard Fischer von Erlach Austrian Architect |
1740 Frederick 2 *Prussia; War of Austrian succession
1740 - 8 8 War of Austrian Succession France
Prussia 1740 - 42; 44 45
Spain
Bavaria 1741 - 5 4
Saxony 1741 - 2
1 Naples & Sicily
Genoa
Sweden 1741 - 3 2 Habsburg Monarchy
Great Britain
Hanover
Dutch Republic
Saxony 1743 - 5
2 Kingdom of Sardinia
Russia 1741 - 3 2, 1748
| 1746 - 8 2 1st Carnatic War Part of War of Austrian Succession |
|
| 1762 Orfeo ed Euridice, first "reform opera" by Gluck, performed in Vienna |
| 1781 - 5 4 1st Step in Serfdom Abolition |
| 1786 Marriage of Figaro, opera by Mozart |
| 1719 - 87 68 Leopold Mozart, Austrian composer |
| 1787 Don Giovanni, opera by Mozart |
| 1788 Jupiter Symphony (Symphony No.41) composed by Mozart |
| 1756 - 91 35 Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart Austrian Composer |
| 1791 Magic Flute, opera by Mozart |
|
| 1717 - 80 63 Maria Theresa, Austrian Empress |
| Franz Joseph 1 of Austria, Emperor of Austria & brother of Mexican Emperor |
Habsburg Empire
1526 - 1804 278
| 1703 - 11 8 Rákóczi Uprising againstHabsburg Monarchy. |
| 1656 - 1723 67 Johann Bernhard Fischer von Erlach Austrian Architect |
1740 Frederick 2 *Prussia; War of Austrian succession
1740 - 8 8 War of Austrian Succession France
Prussia 1740 - 42; 44 45
Spain
Bavaria 1741 - 5 4
Saxony 1741 - 2
1 Naples & Sicily
Genoa
Sweden 1741 - 3 2 Habsburg Monarchy
Great Britain
Hanover
Dutch Republic
Saxony 1743 - 5
2 Kingdom of Sardinia
Russia 1741 - 3 2, 1748
| 1746 - 8 2 1st Carnatic War Part of War of Austrian Succession |
|
| 1762 Orfeo ed Euridice, first "reform opera" by Gluck, performed in Vienna |
| 1781 - 5 4 1st Step in Serfdom Abolition |
| 1786 Marriage of Figaro, opera by Mozart |
| 1719 - 87 68 Leopold Mozart, Austrian composer |
| 1787 Don Giovanni, opera by Mozart |
| 1788 Jupiter Symphony (Symphony No.41) composed by Mozart |
| 1756 - 91 35 Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart Austrian Composer |
| 1791 Magic Flute, opera by Mozart |
|
| 1717 - 80 63 Maria Theresa, Austrian Empress |
| Franz Joseph 1 of Austria, Emperor of Austria & brother of Mexican Emperor |
| 1705 Battle of Gemershoff |
| 1279 Battle of Aizkraukle |
|
Russian Governorate of Livonia
1721 - 1918 197
@ Riga
|
Russian Courland Governorate
120
@ Jelgava
|
|
1876 - 83 Nativity Cathedral, Riga |
|
Russian Governorate of Livonia
1721 - 1918 197
@ Riga
|
Russian Courland Governorate
120
@ Jelgava
|
Latvian Provisional Government
1918 - 20 2 |
Kārlis Ulmanis |
Republic of Latvia
1919 - 40 21 |
|
Russian Latvia
1940 - 1 1
@ Vilnius
| 1941 Operation Barbarosa. Belarus, Ukraine, Moldova, Russia, Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia USSR 2.9MPres 5.5M 465.4X 101.5XfmW 235.3NCX 2.3MM 3.13MTX 1.26MW 66.1S 13.6FB 1.3MTW 500C 125T(FL) 20.5 3540 21.2 VS Germany, Romania, Italy, Hungary, Slovakia, Croatia, Finland 5.5M 220.6X 56.3M 261.8W 1M+CaT 4.3T 2.8 46A 4.4 2
|
| 1944 Operation Bagration. Belarus, Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia, Poland USSR 2.33M, Poland 79.9 4.1MT 770.9 180XM 590.8WS 2.7T 1.4AG 3T&AG 24.4G 2.4 5.3 822 VS Germany, Hungary 486.5FL 400Su 886.5 381X 158.5C 118T 377AG 2.6G 602 |
| 1944 Riga Offensive. Latvia, Estonia USSR VS Germany |
| 1944 Shyaulyay Offensive. Belarus, Lithuania, Latvia USSR VS Germany |
|
Russian Latvia
1944 - 90 46 |
@ Vilnius, Lithuania |
Republic of Latvia
1990 - Present 22
@ Riga |
|
1904 5 Ss. Boris & Gleb Cathedral, Daugavpils |
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Grand Duchy of Lithuania
1200 - 1569 369
@ Vilnius
1492 - 1506 14 Alexander 1 ^ *Poland 1501
1506 - 48 42 Sigismund 2 <
1548 - 69 21 Sigismund 3 ^
| 1564 Battle of Ula Part of 30 yrs War Belarus. Lithuania 46 VS Russia 1724 9 |
| 1569 Becomes PolishLithuanian Commonwealth |
|
Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
1569 - 1795 226 |
@Kraków, Warsaw, Poland
1558 - 83 35 Livonian War Livonian Confederation, Polish Lithuanian Commonwealth, DenmarkNorway, Sweden, Zaporozhian Cossacks, Transylvania 77 VS Russia, Livonia
|
Cession of: Estonia to Sweden, Livonia, Courland & Semigallia to Poland–Lithuania, Ösel to Denmark–Norway |
|
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1500s Raudonė Castle |
| 1500s Siesikai Castle |
| 1586 Biržai Castle |
| 1586 Norviliškės Castle |
|
Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
1569 - 1795 226 |
@Kraków, Warsaw, Poland |
|
Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
1569 - 1795 226 |
@Kraków, Warsaw, Poland
| 1794 Wilno Uprising. |
|
Russian Lithuania
1795 - 1918 123
@ Vilnius
|
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Russian Lithuania
1795 - 1918 123
@ Vilnius
|
|
Russian Lithuania
1795 - 1918 123
@ Vilnius
|
Republic of Lithuania
1918 - 40 22
@ |
German Lithuania
1940 - 4 4
@
| 1941 Operation Barbarosa. Belarus, Ukraine, Moldova, Russia, Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia USSR 2.9MPres 5.5M 465.4X 101.5XfmW 235.3NCX 2.3MM 3.13MTX 1.26MW 66.1S 13.6FB 1.3MTW 500C 125T(FL) 20.5 3540 21.2 VS Germany, Romania, Italy, Hungary, Slovakia, Croatia, Finland 5.5M 220.6X 56.3M 261.8W 1M+CaT 4.3T 2.8 46A 4.4 2
|
| 1941 Battle of Raseiniai. Lithuania Germany 245T VS USSR 749T 704 |
| 1944 Operation Bagration. Belarus, Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia, Poland USSR 2.33M, Poland 79.9 4.1MT 770.9 180XM 590.8WS 2.7T 1.4AG 3T&AG 24.4G 2.4 5.3 822 VS Germany, Hungary 486.5FL 400Su 886.5 381X 158.5C 118T 377AG 2.6G 602 |
| 1944 Operation Doppelkopf. Lithuania Germany VS USSR |
| 1944 Kaunas Offensive. Lithuania USSR VS Germany |
| 1944 Battle of Memel. Lithuania USSR VS Germany |
| 1944 Shyaulyay Offensive. Belarus, Lithuania, Latvia USSR VS Germany |
| 1944 Vilnius Offensive. Lithuania USSR VS Germany 8X 5C VS Polish Home Arm |
|
Soviot Lithuania
1944 - 90 46
@ |
Republic of Lithuania
1990 - Present 22
@ Vilnius
Lithuanian
|
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