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Lombard Kingdom 568 - 774 206   |
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Venetian Empire 800s - 1797 1000ish |
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Papal States 754 - 1870 1116 |
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 1st Kingdom of Galicia
409 - 712 303
Final Suevic Period
550 - 85 35 |
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| 712 Subsumed into Asturias & Leon. |
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Galicia 1
409 - 910 501
Asturian kings with capital in Oviedo |
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| 712 Oppas perhaps in opposition to Roderic & Agila 2 |
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| 700s Saint Catalinas Castle |
| 785 Calatrava la Vieja Castle |
784 - 987 Córdoba Cathedral - Mosque
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| 844 - 5 1 Norse raids on Moorish Spain begin. |
| 800s Santa Bárbara Castle |
| 800s Torre de la Plata Castle |
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| 900 - 1100 200 Zamora Castle Spain |
| 900s Molina Castle Aragón |
| 995 Alcazaba Castle Almería |
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Kingdom of Asturias
718 - 925 207
| 737 - 9 2 Favila Favilac, Fafila |
| 774 - 83 9 Silo Succeeded through his wife, Adosinda, daughter of Alfonso 1. Moved capital to Pravia. |
| 783 - 8 5 Mauregatus Usurper Mauregato Illegitimate ^ Alfonso I who usurped throne. |
| 788 - 91 3 Bermudo 1 Deacon, MonkVeremund, VermudoRetired to become a monk. |
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Kingdom of Asturias
718 - 925 207
| 842 Nepotian Nepociano Elected king, though unrelated to Beni Alfonso. |
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Kingdom of Asturias 
718 - 925 207
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Umayyad Dynasty
756 - 1031 275 |
718 - 1492 774 Spanish Reconquista
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732 Battle of Tours   Charles Martel defeated Saracens & saved Europe from Asiatic civilization.
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750 Defeat & massacre of Umayyads; only survivor flees to Spain where he establishes Umayyad principality |
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Kingdom of Navarre
824 - 1620 976
Pamplona
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Kingdom of Navarre
824 - 1620 976
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Kingdom of Castile
1065 - 1230 165
Spain
1065 - 72 7 Sancho 2 the strong
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| 1072 - 1109 37 Alfonso 6 the brave |
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Kingdom of Castile
1065 - 1230 165
Spain
1072 - 1109 37 Alfonso 6 the brav
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1109 - 26 17  Queen Urraca |
| 1126 - 57 31 Alfonso 6 the Emperor |
| 1157 - 8 1 Sancho 3 the Desired |
| 1158 - 1214 56 Alfonso 8 the Noble |
| 1217 Benengaria the Great abdicated |
| 1217 - 52 35 Ferdinand 3 Saint |
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Portugal
| 966 - 82 6 Ramiro 3 Galicia once again became separate from León during his reign, which lasted until 984 in León. |
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Lumbard Tribe
300 - 568 260s
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Kingdom of Lombards
568 - 814 246
| 568 Lombards invade Italy & establish a federation of dukedoms under a king. Lombards (of Vandal origin, from north), under Alboin, took over Ostrogothic monarchy of Italy. Ostrogothic nation disappeared from history. |
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| 533 - 4 1 nt Vandalic War in North Africa |
| 534 - 47 13 Wars against Moors in North Africa |
500s - 1300s Trieste Cathedral
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| 500s - 1682 Trento Cathedral |
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600s Castello di Lombardia
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| 6 - 1300s Andria Cathedral |
| 603 - 1606 Duomo of Monza Cathedral |
| 689 - 1300s Santa Maria Assunta Cathedral |
| 600s - 1500s San Pietro di Castello Cathedral |
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| 774 Conquerred by France under Charlamagne |
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| Astolphus, King of Italy, surrendered Exarchate (or Reavenna) to Pepin. He gave it to Stephen 3 who thus obtained civil power. Naples, Sicily & Lower Italy were retained by Eastern Empire. |
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827 - 902 75 Arab conquest of Sicily |
| 889 In Italy, some cities became free republics: for instance Forlì |
| 813 - 915 103 Period of serious Arab naval raids on shores of Tyrrhenian & Adriatic seas. |
| 800s Cattolica di Stilo Cathedral Calabria |
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| 997 Venice became independent of Eastern Empire & acquired Dalmatian & Istria. |
| 1000 Archangel Michail icon, is made. It is now kept at Treasury of Cathedral of Saint Mark, Venice. |
| 900s Rocca Calascio Castle |
| 923 - 1505 528 Pistoia Cathedral |
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Ostrogothic Kingdom
493 - 553 60
493 - 526 33  Theodoric Great
Later a prominent hero in Germanic tales, rules in Rome until his death. |
| 510s Cassiodorus founds a cenobitic monastery at Vivarium |
535 - 54 19 mi Gothic War
| 554 reunification of all Italy under Byzantine rule Eviction of Ostrogoths from Rome |
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Republic of Venice
697 - 1797 1100
 Venice
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Republic of Venice
697 - 1797 1100
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Republic of Venice
697 - 1797 1100
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Republic of Venice
697 - 1797 1100
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Frankish Kingdom of Italy
781 - 963 182
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Frankish Kingdom of Italy
781 - 963 182
| 898 Seized Lamberts portion upon his death |
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Frankish Kingdom of Italy
781 - 963 182
| 951 Otto 1 of Germany invaded Italy & was crowned "King of Lombards". In 952, Berengar & Adalbert became in vassals but remained Kings until being deposed by Otto. |
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Kingdom of Italy within
Holy Roman Empire
962 - 1648 686
Ottonian (Saxon)
962 - 1024 62 |
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Popes
| 553 5th Council held at Constantinople. |
| 590 Roman Catholicism after Constantine; Pope Gregory |
| 596 St. Augustine arrived in England with 40 monks Sent by Gregory Great. |
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Popes
| 606 Boniface elected papal successor on death of Pope Sabinian. He sought & obtained a decree from Byzantine Emperor Phocas which stated that "the See of Blessed Peter Apostle should be head of all Churches". This ensured that title of "Universal Bishop" belonged exclusively to Bishop of Rome. |
| 680 6th Council at Constantinople |
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Papal States
754 - 1870 1116
| Enlisted Frankish aid against Lombards |
755 - 1529 774 Papal Rome began. Age of Roman Catholic Religious Omnipower |
787  7th Council at Nicaea |
800  Charlemagne Crowned 1st Holy Roman Emperor on Christmas |
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Papal States
754 - 1870 1116
863 - 79 16  East / West Schism
| 869 - 70 1 8th Council at Constantinople |
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Papal States
754 - 1870 1116
| 911 - 14 3 Two Popes 3 years, Anastasius 3 & Lando. |
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Kingdom of Croatia
925 - 1097 172
925 Pope John 10 crowned Tomislav, making him Rex Chroatorum King of united Croatia. All Croatian rulers after Tomislav beared title of king.
| 910 - 28 18 Tomislav Probably ^ Muncimir. Croatian state reaches greatest extent, includes Croatia, Slavonia, much of Dalmatia, & Bosnia. Crowned King by Pope John X in 925. After his death civil wars weakened state & some territory, including Bosnia, was lost. |
927 CroatianBulgarian War |
| 928 - 35 7 Trpimir 2 Younger brother or ^ Tomislav |
| 949 - 69 20 Michael Krešimir 2Younger brother of Miroslav. Croatian Kingdom regains previously lost territories, including Bosnia. He ruled together wit his wife Queen Jelena of Zadar. |
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| 500s Dajti Castle Albania |
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@Sirmium, Serbia. Including: Romania, Slovakia, Hungary, Croatia, Bulgaria, Urkaine
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535 - 615 80 Justiniana Prima Existed
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| 535 Kalemegdan Belgrade Fortress |
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