North America: 1500

1500s

1600s

Ancient - 500A

1700s

Future

1800s

1900s

1000 - 1500	1500 - 2000
0 - 500	500 - 1000

North America

W As	C As	S As	E As	SEA
Ocea	N Am	C Am	Car	S Am

2000 - 2005	2005 - 2010
1900 - 1950	1950 - 2000

Canada

United States of America

Mexico

McFarland

1890s Business

1901-14 Reform

1915-18 Trans

1919-33 Business

1933-39 Reform

1940-48 Trans

1949-61 Business

1961-74 Reform

1974-80 Trans

1980- ? Business

Party systems

1792 - 1826 34 First Party System

1828 - 54 26 Second Party System

1856 - 94 38 Third Party System

1896 - 1930 34 Fourth Party System

1932 - 74 42 Fifth Party System

1980 - P Sixth Party System

Schlesinger's Cycle

Lib 1776 - 88 12

Con 1788 - 1800 12

Lib 1800 - 1812 12

Con 1812 - 29 17

Lib 1829 - 41 12

Con 41 - 61 20

Lib 1861 - 9 8

Con 1869 - 1901 32

Lib 1901 - 19 18

Con 1919 - 31 12

Lib 1931 - 47 16

Con 1947 - 62 15

Lib 1962 - 78 16

Con 1978 - 88 10

Klingberg phases of American foreign policy

1776 - 98 22 Int Revolution, establishment of government

1709 - 1824 26 Ext French naval war, Louisiana Purchase, War of 1812

1824 - 44 20 Int Nullification Crisis, Texas question

1844 - 71 27 Ext Texas and Oregon annexations, Mexican War, Civil War

1871 - 91 20 Int

1891 - 1919 28 Ext Spanish-American War, World War I

1919 - 1940 21 Int League of Nations rejections, Neutrality Acts

1940 - 67 27 Ext World War II, Cold War, Korean and Vietnam Wars

1967 - 87 20 Int Vietnamization, détente, dissolution of Soviet Union

1987 - Ext Post-Cold-War assertion, Gulf War, War on Terror

USA Tribes 8,080,464 K2 1500 - 1910 410

1 Plains 2,432,175 K2 7,719 KP 1500 - 1910 410

1-1 Siouan-Yuchi 21 1,127,762 K2 7,982 KP 1500 - 1910 410

1-1-1 Osage 172,999 K2 1,831 KP 1500 - 1910 410

1-1-2 Crow 164,897 K2 1,733 KP 1500 - 1910 410

1-1-3 SANTEE 121,163 K2 1,596 KP 1500 - 1910 410

1-1-3-1 Wahpekute 34,895 K2 953 KP 1500 - 1910 410

1-1-3-2 Sisseton 33,171 K2 840 KP 1500 - 1910 410

1-1-3-3 Wahpeton 27,003 K3 700 KP 1500 - 1910 410

1-1-3-4 Mdewakanton 25,963 K2 676 KP 1500 - 1910 410

1-1-4 Yanktonal 91,327 K2 1,327 KP 1500 - 1910 410

1-1-5 Assiniboin 86,919 K2 1,451 KP 1500 - 1910 410

1-1-6 Iowa 84,938 K2 1,237 KP 1500 - 1910 410

1-1-7 Yankton 84,286 K2 1,335 KP 1500 - 1910 410

1-1-8 Ponca 42,075 K2 834 KP 1500 - 1910 410

1-1-9 Missouri 38,313 K2 838 1500 - 1910 410

1-1-10 Omaha 33,789 K2 719 KP 1500 - 1910 410

1-1-11 Kansa 29,822 K2 751 KP 1500 - 1910 410

1-1-12 Hunkpapa 23,230 K2 663 KP 1500 - 1910 410

1-1-13 Sans Arc Blackfoot 23,047 K2 716 KP 1500 - 1910 410

1-1-14 Two Kettle 19,486 K2 579 KP 1500 - 1910 410

1-1-15 Teton 18,896 K2 614 KP 1500 - 1910 410

1-1-16 Oglala 14,796 K2 601 KP 1500 - 1910 410

1-1-17 Oto 14,555 K2 508 KP 1500 - 1910 410

1-1-18 Miniconjou 14,511 K2 526 KP 1500 - 1910 410

1-1-19 Brule 14,206 K2 581 KP 1500 - 1910 410

1-1-20 Hidatsa 6,949 K2 335 KP 1500 - 1910 410

1-1-21 Mandan 4,765 K2 277 KP 1500 - 1910 410

1-2 Aztec-Tanoan 396,068 K2 3,171 KP 1500 - 1910 410

1-2-1 Comanche 206,389 K2 2,260 KP 1500 - 1910 410

1-2-2 Kiowa 189,361 K2 1,726 KP 1500 - 1910 410

1-3 Algonkian Language 378,087 K2 4,686 KP 1500 - 1910 410

1-3-1 Arapaho 183,261 K2 2,423 KP 1500 - 1910 410

1-3-2 Blackfoot 75,057 K2 1,215 KP 1500 - 1910 410

1-3-3 Cheyenne 67,207 K2 1,001 KP 1500 - 1910 410

1-3-4 Gros Ventre 56,612 K2 943 KP 1500 - 1910 410

1-4 Cadoan 87,097 K2 3,167 KP 1500 - 1910 410

1-4-1 Wichita 130,998 K2 1,455 KP 1500 - 1910 410

1-4-2 PAWNEE 75,969 K2 1,189 KP 1500 - 1910 410

1-4-2-1 Pitahauenat 28,911 K2 710 KP 1500 - 1910 410

1-4-2-2 Kitkehaki 24,335 K2 791 KP1500 - 1910 410

1-4-2-3 Chaui 22,613 K2 785 KP 1500 - 1910 410

1-4-3 Arikara 13,038 K2 523 KP 1500 - 1910 410

1-5 Tonkawa Tribe and Language 85,888K2 1,513KP 1500 - 1910 410

1-6 Na-Dene Languages 78,240 K2 1,512 KP 1500 - 1910 410

1-6-1 Lipan 69,565 K2 1,079 KP 1500 - 1910 410

1-6-2 Kiowa Apache 8,675 K2 433 KP 1500 - 1910 410

2 North East 1,536,989 K2 13,232 KP 1500 - 1910 410

2-1 Iroquoian Languages 268,194 K2 3,420 KP 1500 - 1910 410

2-1-1 Erie 126,942 K2 2,227 KP 1500 - 1910 410

2-1-2 IROQUIOIS 85,695 K2 1,299 KP Folder 1500 - 1910 410

2-1-2-1 Oneida 20,743 K2 752 KP 1500 - 1910 410

2-1-2-2 Onondaga 11,523 K2 578 KP 1500 - 1910 410

2-1-2-3 Seneca 8,649k2 382kp 1500 - 1910 410

2-1-2-4 Wenro 6,151 K2 369 KP 1500 - 1910 410

2-1-2-5 Gandaga 5,808 K2 343 KP 1500 - 1910 410

2-1-3 Susquehanna 57,766 K2 1,018 KP 1500 - 1910 410

2-2 North East Unidentified Tribes and Languages 1500 - 1910 410

2-2-2 Winnebago 14,673 K2 752 KP 1500 - 1910 410

2-2-3 Nousiok 2,983 K2 305 KP 1500 - 1910 410

2-2-4 Caree 1,582 K2 213 KP 1500 - 1910 410

2-3 Algonkin Languages 1,133,793 k2 1500 - 1910 410

2-3-1 Illinois 228,766 K2 2,252 KP 1500 - 1910 410

2-3-1-1 North 56,642 K2 1,189 KP 1500 - 1910 410

2-3-1-2 Kaskaskia 47,183 K2 860 KP 1500 - 1910 410

2-3-1-3 Cahokia 41,864 K2 818 KP 1500 - 1910 410

2-3-1-4 Moingwena 32,994 K2 721 KP 1500 - 1910 410

2-3-1-5 Peoria 29,472 K2 678 KP 1500 - 1910 410

2-3-1-6 Tamaroa 21,290 K2 581 KP 1500 - 1910 410

2-3-2 Shawnee 165,552 K2 1,623 KP 1500 - 1910 410

2-3-3 Ojibwa 156,870 k2 3,176 kp 1500 - 1910 410

2-3-4 POTAWATOMI Language 86,602k2 1,370kp 1500 - 1910 410

2-3-4 POTAWATOMI 86,602k2 1,370kp 1500 - 1910 410

2-3-5 Delaware 50,769 K2 983 KP 1500 - 1910 410

2-3-5-1 Munsee 18,333 K2 558 KP 1500 - 1910 410

2-3-5-2 Unalalachtrigo 17,637 K2 552 KP 1500 - 1910 410

2-3-5-3 Unami 14,560 K2 523 KP 1500 - 1910 410

2-3-6 Miami 40,899 K2 956 KP 1500 - 1910 410

2-3-7 Penobscot 40,494k2 883kp1500 - 1910 410

2-3-8 Manticoke 38,060 K2 1,065 KP 1500 - 1910 410

2-3-9 Pennacock 33,851 K2 820 KP 1500 - 1910 410

2-3-10 Mohawk 31,615k2 771kp 1500 - 1910 410

2-3-11 Menomini 30,077 K2 1,005 KP 1500 - 1910 410

2-3-12 Powhatan 29,620 K2 676 KP 1500 - 1910 410

2-3-13 Mahican 25,140 K2 831 KP 1500 - 1910 410

2-3-14 Kickapoo 21,403 K2 648 KP 1500 - 1910 410

2-3-15 Passamoudoy 17,650 k2 801kp 1500 - 1910 410

2-3-16 Fox 17,005 K2 592 KP 1500 - 1910 410

2-3-17 Sauk 14,940 K2 542 KP 1500 - 1910 410

2-3-18 Pocumtuk 11,426 K2 449 KP1500 - 1910 410

2-3-19 Wewenock 9,528 K2 488 KP 1500 - 1910 410

2-3-20 Norridgewos 8,408 K2 516 KP 1500 - 1910 410

2-3-21 Pamlico 7,654 K2 362 KP 1500 - 1910 410

2-3-22 Aroosaguntacook 7,229 K2 462 KP 1500 - 1910 410

2-3-23 Nipmuc 5,328K2 305KP 1500 - 1910 410

2-3-24 Nansemund 5,260 K2 312 KP 1500 - 1910 410

2-3-25 Montauk 5,061 K2 439 KP 1500 - 1910 410

2-3-26 Laurentian 4,733 K2 280 KP 1500 - 1910 410

2-3-27 Wampangag 3,520 K2 367 KP 1500 - 1910 410

2-3-28 Weapemeoc 3,292 K2 310 KP 1500 - 1910 410

2-3-29 Chawanoc 3,258 K2 234 KP 1500 - 1910 410

2-3-30 Massachuset 3,174 K2 296 KP 1500 - 1910 410

2-3-31 Chesapeake 3,016 K2 239 KP 1500 - 1910 410

2-3-32 Secbrah 2,650 K2 212 KP 1500 - 1910 410

2-3-33 Pequot 2,479 K2 208 KP 1500 - 1910 410

2-3-34 Mohegan 1,989 K2 193 KP 1500 - 1910 410

2-3-35 Nehemic 1,423 K2 163 KP 1500 - 1910 410

2-3-36 Nestius 1,420 K2 158 KP 1500 - 1910 410

2-3-37 Wappinger 9,205 K2 425 KP 1500 - 1910 410

2-3-38 Croatoan 1,000 K2 343 KP 1500 - 1910 410

2-3-39 Nadset 768 K2 191 KP 1500 - 1910 410

3 South East 1,268,164 K2 7,516 KP 1500 - 1910 410

3-1 Gulf 625,310 K2 5,171 KP 1500 - 1910 410

3-1-2 Muskogee 124,312 K2 2,241 KP 1500 - 1910 410

3-1-2-1 Coweta 18,046 K2 655 KP1500 - 1910 410

3-1-2-2 Coosa 10,170 K2 496 KP1500 - 1910 410

3-1-2-3 Kasihta 8,974 K2 623 KP 1500 - 1910 410

3-1-2-4 Eaufaula 8,412 K2 438 KP1500 - 1910 410

3-1-3 Chickasaw 117,145k2 1,907kp1500 - 1910 410

3-1-4 Choctaw 81,774k2 1,617kp 1500 - 1910 410

3-1-5 Atakapa 66,902 K2 1,227 KP 1500 - 1910 410

3-1-6 Hitchiti 55,622 K2 990 KP 1500 - 1910 410

3-1-6-1 Yamasee 16,595 K2 590 KP1500 - 1910 410

3-1-6-2 Tamathli 15,993 K2 584 KP1500 - 1910 410

3-1-6-3 Chiaha 15,143 K2 506 KP 1500 - 1910 410

3-1-6-4 Apalachicola 5,592 K2 383 KP 1500 - 1910 410

3-1-6-5 Sawolch 4,299 K2 329 KP 1500 - 1910 410

3-1-7 Tohome/Naniaba/Mobile/Pericola 28,516 K2 732 KP1500 - 1910 410

3-1-7-1 Mobile 7,299 K2 400 KP 1500 - 1910 410

3-1-7-2 Tohome 7,190 K2 383 KP 1500 - 1910 410

3-1-7-3 Pensacola 7,175 K2 452 KP 1500 - 1910 410

3-1-7-4 Naniaba 7,100 K2 397 KP 1500 - 1910 410

3-1-8 Chitimacha 26,769k2 805kp 1500 - 1910 410

3-1-9 Chatot 23,754 K2 721 KP 1500 - 1910 410

3-1-10 Natchez 22,893k2 681kp 1500 - 1910 410

3-1-11 Alabama 16,497k2 510kp 1500 - 1910 410

3-1-12 Tunica 14,020k2 516kp 1500 - 1910 410

3-1-13 Pascagoula 13,082 K2 513 KP 1500 - 1910 410

3-1-14 Bayogoula 12,458 K2 480 KP 1500 - 1910 410

3-1-15 Apalachee 10,760 K2 435 KP 1500 - 1910 410

3-1-16 Acolapissa 9,610 K2 407 KP 1500 - 1910 410

3-1-17 Chakchiuma 7,971k2 393kp 1500 - 1910 410

3-1-18 Houma 7,368k2 367kp 1500 - 1910 410

3-1-19 Biloxi 5,116k2 324kp 1500 - 1910 410

3-1-20 Ofo 4,438k2 260kp 1500 - 1910 410

3-2 South East Unclassified 169,502 K2 1500 - 1910 410

3-2-1 Wateree 79,368 K2 1,882 KP 1500 - 1910 410

3-2-1-1 Corigaree 13,063 K2 498 KP 1500 - 1910 410

3-2-1-2 Sowee 4,484 K2 285 KP1500 - 1910 410

3-2-1-3 Waccamaw 3,110 K2 255 KP 1500 - 1910 410

3-2-1-4 Santee 3,251 K2 250 KP 1500 - 1910 410

3-2-2 Florida Unspecified Linguistic Group 68,758 K2 1,113 KP Movie 1500 - 1910 410

3-2-2 South Florida Unclassified 68,758 K2 1,113 KP 1500 - 1910 410

3-2-2-1 Mayaimi 16,921k2 546kp 1500 - 1910 410

3-2-2-2 Calusa 15,256k2 533kp 1500 - 1910 410

3-2-2-3 Tekesta 9,957k2 452kp 1500 - 1910 410

3-2-2-4 Ais 8,072k2 429kp 1500 - 1910 410

3-2-2-5 Ocia 5,833k2 336kp 1500 - 1910 410

3-2-2-6 Tacobaga 3,649k2 350kp 1500 - 1910 410

3-2-2-7 Jaaga 2,199k2 202kp 1500 - 1910 410

3-2-2-8 Jobe 2,168k2 203k2 1500 - 1910 410

3-2-2-9 Mococo 2,674k2 235kp 1500 - 1910 410

3-2-3 Eno 27,135 K2 845 KP 1500 - 1910 410

3-2-3-1 Sissipahaw 5,894 K2 339 KP 1500 - 1910 410

3-2-3-2 Keyauwee 7,824 K2 438 KP 1500 - 1910 410

3-2-3-3 Skakon 4,045 K2 319 KP 1500 - 1910 410

3-2-4 Monacan 13,567 K2 624 KP1500 - 1910 410

3-2-5 Manahoac 12,269 K2 539 KP 1500 - 1910 410

3-2-6 Nahyssan 11,063 K2 450 KP 1500 - 1910 410

3-2-7 Ocaneechi 9,594 K2 420 KP 1500 - 1910 410

3-2-8 Cusabo 8,334 K2 433 KP 1500 - 1910 410

3-2-9 Guale 5,877 K2 362 KP 1500 - 1910 410

3-2-10 Meherrin 3,537 K2 262 KP 1500 - 1910 410

3-3 Siouan-Yuchi Languages 153,017 K2 1500 - 1910 410

3-3-1 Quapaw 77,046 K2 1,300 KP 1500 - 1910 410

3-3-2 Catawba 46,185 K2 1,102 KP 1500 - 1910 410

3-3-3 Yuchi 19,988 K2 803 KP 1500 - 1910 410

3-3-4 Tutelo 7,551 K2 402 KP 1500 - 1910 410

3-3-4-1 Saponi 1,829 K2 187 KP 1500 - 1910 410

3-3-5 Pedee 2,247 K2 196 KP 1500 - 1910 410

3-4 Caddoan Languages 137,636 K2 1,607 KP 1500 - 1910 410

3-4-1 Caddo 137,636 K2 1,607 KP 1500 - 1910 410

3-4-2 Hasinai 34,330 K2 779 KP 1500 - 1910 410

3-4-3 Adai 30,975 K2 793 KP 1500 - 1910 410

3-5 Timucua 72,787k2 1,195kp 1500 - 1910 410

3-5-1 Acuara 13,449 K2 471 KP 1500 - 1910 410

3-5-2 Onatheaque 9,539 K2 408 KP 1500 - 1910 410

3-5-3 Fresh Water 9,110 K2 441 KP 1500 - 1910 410

3-5-4 Ocale 8,565 K2 398 KP 1500 - 1910 410

3-5-5 Potano 5,594 K2 319 KP 1500 - 1910 410

3-5-6 Saturwa 5,068 K2 289 KP 1500 - 1910 410

3-5-7 Yustaga 4,050 K2 304 KP 1500 - 1910 410

3-5-8 Sumuque 3,918 K2 258 KP 1500 - 1910 410

3-5-9 Utina 2,659 K2 233 KP 1500 - 1910 410

3-5-10 Yui 2,438 K2 195 KP 1500 - 1910 410

3-5-11 Icalui 1,858 K2 185 KP 1500 - 1910 410

3-6 Iroquoian 71,267 K2 2,003 KP 1500 - 1910 410

3-6-1 Cherokee 51,980 K2 1,260 KP 1500 - 1910 410

3-6-2 Tuscarora 17,139 K2 500 KP 1500 - 1910 410

3-6-3 Nottoway 2,148 K2 243 KP 1500 - 1910 410

3-7 Karankawa Language and Tribe 31,695 K2 815 KP 1500 - 1910 410

4 Great Basin 1,122,025 K2 6,031 KP 1500 - 1910 410

4-1 Aztec-Tanoan Languages 8 1,273,366 K2 6,110 KP 1500 - 1910 410

4-1-1 SHOSHONE 25 498,772 K2 3,683 KP 1500 - 1910 410

4-1-1-1 Wind River 145,854 K2 1,698 KP 1500 - 1910 410

4-1-1-2 Lemhi 59,145 K2 1,061 KP 1500 - 1910 410

4-1-1-3 Snake River 44,470 K2 961 KP 1500 - 1910 410

4-1-1-4 Promontory 41,364 K2 832 KP 1500 - 1910 410

4-1-1-5 Skull Valley Gosiute 20,903 K2 674 KP1500 - 1910 410

4-1-1-6 Beatty 19,929 K2 585 KP 1500 - 1910 410

4-1-1-7 Bannock 19,657 K2 586 KP 1500 - 1910 410

4-1-1-8 Bohogue 18,721 K2 626 KP1500 - 1910 410

4-1-1-9 Morey 14,684 K2 575 KP 1500 - 1910 410

4-1-1-10 Great Smokey Valley 13,605 K2 628 KP 1500 - 1910 410

4-1-1-11 Egan Canyon 12,274 K2 556 KP 1500 - 1910 410

4-1-1-12 Elko 11,334 K2 483 KP 1500 - 1910 410

4-1-1-13 Deep Creek Gosuite 10,964 K2 488 KP 1500 - 1910 410

4-1-1-14 Battle Mountain 9,294 K2 397 KP 1500 - 1910 410

4-1-1-15 Spring Valley 8,129 K2 359 KP 1500 - 1910 410

4-1-1-16 Ruby Valley 7,753 K2 421 KP 1500 - 1910 410

4-1-1-17 Grouse Creek 7,543 K2 350 KP 1500 - 1910 410

4-1-1-18 Hamilton 7,468 K2 428 KP 1500 - 1910 410

4-1-1-19 Ely 7,194 K2 366 KP 1500 - 1910 410

4-1-1-20 Saline Valley 6,617 K2 355 KP 1500 - 1910 410

4-1-1-21 Reese River 5,135 K2 429 KP 1500 - 1910 410

4-1-1-22 Death Valley 4,955 K2 290 KP 1500 - 1910 410

4-1-1-23 Lida 4,904 K2 288 KP 1500 - 1910 410

4-1-1-24 Rabbit Eaters 3,658 K2 252 KP 1500 - 1910 410

4-1-1-25 Little Lake 2,783 K2 215 KP 1500 - 1910 410

4-1-2 PAIUTE 368,772 K2 1500 - 1910 410

4-1-2-3 NORTHERN PAIUTE 243,086 K2 2,462 KP1500 - 1910 410

4-1-2-3-1 Wada North 34,808 K2 884 KP 1500 - 1910 410

4-1-2-3-2 Hunipui 32,049 K2 821 KP 1500 - 1910 410

4-1-2-3-3 Yahuskin 23,221 K2 653 KP 1500 - 1910 410

4-1-2-3-4 Koa'aga 19,313 K2 655 KP 1500 - 1910 410

4-1-2-3-5 Tago 13,670 K2 454 KP 1500 - 1910 410

4-1-2-3-6 Kidu 12,186 K2 470 KP 1500 - 1910 410

4-1-2-3-7 Kupa 9,722 K2 419 KP 1500 - 1910 410

4-1-2-3-8 Toe 9,018 K2 411 KP 1500 - 1910 410

4-1-2-3-9 Kamo 8,754 K2 396 KP 1500 - 1910 410

4-1-2-3-10 Yamosopo 7,811 K2 352 KP 1500 - 1910 410

4-1-2-3-11 Sawawaktodo 6,820 K2 341 KP 1500 - 1910 410

4-1-2-3-12 Tovusi 6,722 K2 338 KP 1500 - 1910 410

4-1-2-3-13 Ataakudokwa 6,109 K2 350 KP1500 - 1910 410

4-1-2-3-14 Taoso'odo 5,580 K2 314 KP 1500 - 1910 410

4-1-2-3-15 Moa Agaipanina 5,569 K2 314 KP 1500 - 1910 410

4-1-2-3-16 Owens Valley 5,286 K2 359 KP1500 - 1910 410

4-1-2-3-17 Kutsavi 4,669 K2 304 KP1500 - 1910 410

4-1-2-3-18 Makuha 4,645 K2 277 KP 1500 - 1910 410

4-1-2-3-19 Kuyui 4,456 K2 278 KP 1500 - 1910 410

4-1-2-3-20 Fish Lake Valley 4,269 K2 277 KP 1500 - 1910 410

4-1-2-3-21 Agai 4,169 K2 264 KP 1500 - 1910 410

4-1-2-3-22 Pakwi 4,152 K2 277 KP 1500 - 1910 410

4-1-2-3-23 Tasigot 3,479 K2 237 KP 1500 - 1910 410

4-1-2-3-24 Wada South 3,262 K2 293 KP 1500 - 1910 410

4-1-2-3-25 Smith Creek 2,966 K2 329 KP 1500 - 1910 410

4-1-2-4 SOUTHERN PAIUTE 125,676 K2 1,744 KP 1500 - 1910 410

4-1-2-4-1 San Juan 20,162 K2 610 KP 1500 - 1910 410

4-1-2-4-2 Kaibab 17,128 K2 631 KP 1500 - 1910 410

4-1-2-4-3 Moapa 14,355 K2 536 KP1500 - 1910 410

4-1-2-4-4 Beaver 12,851 K2 473 KP 1500 - 1910 410

4-1-2-4-5 Panaca 11,086 K2 431 KP 1500 - 1910 410

4-1-2-4-6 Paranigat 10,992 K2 416 KP 1500 - 1910 410

4-1-2-4-7 Shivwits 9,551 K2 438 KP 1500 - 1910 410

4-1-2-4-8 Gunlock St. George 7,611 K2 382 KP 1500 - 1910 410

4-1-2-4-9 Kaiparowits 7,196 K2 388 KP 1500 - 1910 410

4-1-2-4-10 Cedar 5,442 K2 307 KP 1500 - 1910 410

4-1-2-4-11 Uinkarot 4,776 K2 295 KP 1500 - 1910 410

4-1-2-4-12 Panguitch 4,226 K2 299 KP 1500 - 1910 410

4-1-3 Ute 295,362 K2 2,265 KP 1500 - 1910 410

4-1-3-1 Uintah 59,767 K2 1,001 KP 1500 - 1910 410

4-1-3-2 Mowataviwatsiu 57,056 K2 1,100 KP 1500 - 1910 410

4-1-3-3 Wimonuntci 42,649 K2 895 KP 1500 - 1910 410

4-1-3-4 Taviwatsiu 23,166 K2 710 KP 1500 - 1910 410

4-1-3-5 Moanunts 21,803 K2 641 KP 1500 - 1910 410

4-1-3-6 Utah Lake 13,211 K2 456 KP 1500 - 1910 410

4-1-3-7 Pahvant 10,694 K2 399 KP 1500 - 1910 410

4-1-3-8 Sanpitc 7,034 K2 374 KP 1500 - 1910 410

4-1-4 Serrano 35,544 K2 1,29 KP 1500 - 1910 410

4-1-5 Kopata 32,101 K2 759 KP 1500 - 1910 410

4-1-6 Chemehuevi 30,643 K2 932 KP 1500 - 1910 410

4-1-7 Mowatci 27,419 K2 658 KP 1500 - 1910 410

4-1-8 Cahuilla 13,805 K2 542 KP 1500 - 1910 410

4-1-9 Hopi 9,461 K2 351 KP 1500 - 1910 410

4-2 Hokan-Coahuiltecan Languages 18,860 K2 1500 - 1910 410

4-2-1 Kamia 9,871 K2 426 KP 1500 - 1910 410

4-2-2 Washo 6,973 K2 380 KP 1500 - 1910 410

4-2-3 East Digueno 2,060 K2 199 KP 1500 - 1910 410

5 South West 685,441 K2 4,807 KP1500 - 1910 410

5-1 Na-Dene Languages 161,633 K21500 - 1910 410

5-1-1 Mescalero 197,182 K2 2,183 KP1500 - 1910 410

5-1-2 Navaho 86,874 K2 1,797 KP 1500 - 1910 410

5-1-3 Chiricahua 82,828 K2 1,413 KP 1500 - 1910 410

5-1-4 Jicarilla 44,155 K2 807 KP 1500 - 1910 410

5-1-5 White Mountain 15,574 K2 553 KP 1500 - 1910 410

5-1-6 San Carlos 11,940 K2 512 KP 1500 - 1910 410

5-1-7 North Tonto 6,612 K2 334 KP 1500 - 1910 410

5-1-8 South Tonto 6,006 K2 334 KP1500 - 1910 410

5-1-9 Cibecue 4,619 K2 280 KP 1500 - 1910 410

5-2 Hokan-Coahuiltecan Languages 76,185 K2 1500 - 1910 410

5-2-1 Yavapai 40,428 K2 912 KP 1500 - 1910 410

5-2-2 Walapai 16,791 K2 556 KP 1500 - 1910 410

5-2-3 Havasupai 14,937 K2 525 KP 1500 - 1910 410

5-2-4 Yuma 11,643 K2 492 KP 1500 - 1910 410

5-2-5 Mohave 9,331 K2 534 KP 1500 - 1910 410

5-2-6 Halchidhoma 7,580 K2 372 KP 1500 - 1910 410

5-2-7 Maricopa 6,772 K2 339 KP 1500 - 1910 410

5-2-8 Kaveltcadom 2,535 K2 197 KP 1500 - 1910 410

5-3 Aztec-Tinoan Languages 55,148 K2 1500 - 1910 410

5-3-1 Pima 29,150 K2 729 KP 1500 - 1910 410

5-3-2 Papago 11,854 K2 479 KP 1500 - 1910 410

5-3-3 Jumano 10,047 K2 871 KP 1500 - 1910 410

5-3-4 Piro 8,565 K2 447 KP 1500 - 1910 410

5-3-5 Tewa 6,699 K2 366 KP 1500 - 1910 410

5-3-6 South Tiwa 4,581 K2 264 KP 1500 - 1910 410

5-3-6-1 Sandia 2,502 K2 200 KP 1500 - 1910 410

5-3-6-2 Isleta 2,072 K2 187 KP 1500 - 1910 410

5-3-7 Tano 3,682 K2 244 KP 1500 - 1910 410

5-3-8 North Tiwa 3,536 K2 228 KP 1500 - 1910 410

5-3-8-1 Taos 1,618 K2 177 KP 1500 - 1910 410

5-3-8-2 Picuris 1,913 K2 191 KP 1500 - 1910 410

5-3-9 Concho 2,508 K2 225 KP 1500 - 1910 410

5-3-10 Jemez 1,786 K2 177 KP 1500 - 1910 410

5-4 Keres 14,017 K2 1500 - 1910 410

5-4-1 West Keres 9,065 K2 400 KP1500 - 1910 410

5-4-2 East Keres 4,952 K2 324 KP1500 - 1910 410

5-5 Penutian 7,135 K2 320 KP 1500 - 1910 410

5-5-1 Zuni 7,135 K2 320 KP 1500 - 1910 410

5-6 Southwest Unclassified 6,121 K2 664 KP1500 - 1910 410

5-6-1 Cacaxtes 6,121 K2 664 KP1500 - 1910 410

6 Plateau 361,934 K2 3,315 KP1500 - 1910 410

6-1 Salish 155,177 K2 1,898 KP 1500 - 1910 410

6-1-1 Flathead 44,316 K2 965 KP 1500 - 1910 410

6-1-2 Spokane 17,162 K2 522 KP 1500 - 1910 410

6-1-3 Kalispel 16,743 K2 613 KP 1500 - 1910 410

6-1-4 Coeur D'Alene 16,528 K2 528 KP 1500 - 1910 410

6-1-5 Columbia 11,531 K2 431 KP 1500 - 1910 410

6-1-5 Wenatchi 16,299 KP 600 KP 1500 - 1910 410

6-1-6 Kutenai 10,560 K2 648 KP 1500 - 1910 410

6-1-7 Lakes 5,368 K2 347 KP 1500 - 1910 410

6-1-8 Nespelem 4,927 K2 286 KP 1500 - 1910 410

6-1-9 South Okanagan 4,858 K2 344 KP 1500 - 1910 410

6-1-10 Sanpoil 4,679 K2 300 KP 1500 - 1910 410

6-1-11 North Okanagan 2,059 K2 236 KP 1500 - 1910 410

6-2 Penutian 206,907 K2 2,841 KP 1500 - 1910 410

6-2-1 Nez Perce 44,852 K2 814 KP 1500 - 1910 410

6-2-2 Yakima 21,688 K2 643 KP 1500 - 1910 410

6-2-3 Cayuse 19,302 K2 586 KP 1500 - 1910 410

6-2-4 Kalapuya 17,897 K2 684 KP 1500 - 1910 410

6-2-5 Tenino 15,717 K2 583 KP 1500 - 1910 410

6-2-6 Klamath 12,782 K2 516 KP 1500 - 1910 410

6-2-7 Palus 11,396 K2 468 KP 1500 - 1910 410

6-2-8 Umatilla 9,386 K2 443 KP 1500 - 1910 410

6-2-9 Klikitat 9,329 K2 427 KP 1500 - 1910 410

6-2-10 Modoc 9,211 K2 395 KP 1500 - 1910 410

6-2-11 Upper Chinook 8,178 K2 431 KP 1500 - 1910 410

6-2-12 Cowlitz 7,070 K2 359 KP 1500 - 1910 410

6-2-13 Takelma 5,903 K2 311 KP 1500 - 1910 410

6-2-14 Molala 4,967 K2 276 KP 1500 - 1910 410

6-2-15 Kittitas 4,540 K2 272 KP 1500 - 1910 410

6-2-16 Molala 4,176 K2 280 KP 1500 - 1910 410

7 California 264,605 K2 3,812 KP 1500 - 1910 410

7-1 Penutian 100,669 K2 Movie 1500 - 1910 410

7-1-1 Yokuts 50,137 K2 1,057 KP 1500 - 1910 410

7-1-2 Maidu 20,459 K2 651 KP1500 - 1910 410

7-1-3 Miwok 16,999 K2 685 KP 1500 - 1910 410

7-1-4 Costanoan 12,763 K2 555 KP 1500 - 1910 410

7-1-5 Nisenan 12,032 K2 510 KP 1500 - 1910 410

7-1-6 Patwin 10,306 K2 489 KP 1500 - 1910 410

7-1-7 Wintu 8,106 K2 411 KP 1500 - 1910 410

7-1-8 Wintun 6,678 K2 365 KP 1500 - 1910 410

7-1-9 Coast Niwok 3,550 K2 271 KP 1500 - 1910 410

7-1-10 Esselen 2,199 K2 185 KP 1500 - 1910 410

7-2 Hokan-Coahuiltecan 48,318 K21500 - 1910 410

7-2-1 Chumash 16,634 K2 667 KP 1500 - 1910 410

7-2-2 Achomawi 10,598 K2 457 KP 1500 - 1910 410

7-2-3 Pomo 10,037 K2 414 KP 1500 - 1910 410

7-2-4 Salinan 8,929 K2 443 KP 1500 - 1910 410

7-2-5 Shasta 7,896 K2 434 KP 1500 - 1910 410

7-2-6 Atsugewi 6,005 K2 313 KP 1500 - 1910 410

7-2-7 Yana 4,563 K2 279 KP 1500 - 1910 410

7-2-8 West Diegueno 4,431 K2 283 KP 1500 - 1910 410

7-3 Aztec-Tanoan 46,783 K2 1500 - 1910 410

7-3-1 Kawaiisu 13,937 K2 599 KP 1500 - 1910 410

7-3-2 Luiseno 9,858 K2 422 KP 1500 - 1910 410

7-3-3 West Mono 8,265 K2 366 KP 1500 - 1910 410

7-3-4 Gabrielino 7,773 K2 360 KP 1500 - 1910 410

7-3-5 Tubatulabal 6,950 K2 389 KP 1500 - 1910 410

7-4 Yukian 5,381 K21500 - 1910 410

7-4-1 Yuki 4,123 K2 353 KP 1500 - 1910 410

7-4-2 Wappo 1,258 K2 165 KP 1500 - 1910 410

8 Pacific Northwest 112,630 K2 3,025 KP 1500 - 1910 410

8-1 Salish 49,513 K21500 - 1910 410

8-1-1 Shuqualmi/Duwawish/Skykomish 9,585 K2 433 KP Movie 1500 - 1910 410

8-1-2 Fuyallup 6,762 K2 328 KP 1500 - 1910 410

8-1-3 Skagit 6,345 K2 394 KP 1500 - 1910 410

8-1-4 Tillamook 4,444 K2 269 KP 1500 - 1910 410

8-1-5 Nisqually 3,937 K2 246 KP 1500 - 1910 410

8-1-6 Chehaus 3,875 K2 334 KP 1500 - 1910 410

8-1-7 Twana 3,433 K2 263 KP 1500 - 1910 410

8-1-8 Klallam 3,160 K2 267 KP 1500 - 1910 410

8-1-9 Quinault 2,266 K2 202 KP 1500 - 1910 410

8-1-10 Siretz 1,723 K2 168 KP 1500 - 1910 410

8-1-11 Thompson 1,271 K2 144 KP 1500 - 1910 410

8-1-12 Nooksak 1,234 K2 141 KP 1500 - 1910 410

8-1-13 Lummi 1,181 K2 153 KP 1500 - 1910 410

8-2 Na-Den 31,786 K2 1500 - 1910 410

8-2-1 Calif Athapaskan 9,836 K2 516 KP 1500 - 1910 410

8-2-2 Upper Umpoua 6,010 K2 328 KP 1500 - 1910 410

8-2-3 Lower Rogue River 4,832 K2 289 KP 1500 - 1910 410

8-2-4 Upper Rogue River 3,471 K2 253 KP 1500 - 1910 410

8-2-5 Tolowa 2,397 K2 202 KP 1500 - 1910 410

8-2-6 Chetco 908 K2 142 KP 1500 - 1910 410

8-2-6 Kwalhiokwa 2,241 K2 208 KP1500 - 1910 410

8-2-7 ClatsKanie 2,091 K2 207 KP1500 - 1910 410

8-3 Penutian 17,697 K2 1500 - 1910 410

8-3-1 Siuslaw 6,081 K2 315 KP 1500 - 1910 410

8-3-2 Lower Chinook 4,813 K2 486 KP 1500 - 1910 410

8-3-3 Coos 4,154 K2 267 KP 1500 - 1910 410

8-3-4 Yaquina Alsea 2,649 K2 209 KP 1500 - 1910 410

8-4 Hokan-Coahuiltecan 5,307 K2 1500 - 1910 410

8-4-1 Karok 4,362 K2 276 KP1500 - 1910 410

8-4-2 himariko 945 K2 131 KP1500 - 1910 410

8-5 Algonkian 4,107 K2 1500 - 1910 410

8-5-1 Yurok 2,902 K2 276 KP1500 - 1910 410

8-5-2 Wiyot 1,205 K2 138 KP1500 - 1910 410

8-6 Chimakuan Language 3,862 K2 1500 - 1910 410

8-6-1 Chemakum 2,011 K2 194 KP 1500 - 1910 410

8-6-2 Quiliute Hoh 1,851 K2 175 KP 1500 - 1910 410

8-7 Makah 1,118 K2 141 KP 1500 - 1910 410

9 Desert 54,919 K2 1,119 KP 1500 - 1910 410

1500s

1600s

1700s

1800s

1900s

N Europe

W Europe

S Europe

E Europe

N Africa

E Africa

W Africa

C Africa

S Africa

W Asia	C Asia	S Asia	E Asia	SE Asia
Oceania	North America	C America	Carribean	S America

Canada

United States of America

Mexico

Viceroyalty of New France
1534 - 1763 229

Quebec
French
Roman Catholicism
Monarchy
New France Livre

Viceroyalty of New France
1534 - 1763 229

@ Quebec
French
Roman Catholicism
Monarchy
New France Livre

1608 Quebec City founded by Samuel de Champlain in New France (presentday Canada).

1690

Battle of Quebec

1691 mi Battle of La Prarie

Viceroyalty of New France
1534 - 1763 229

@ Quebec
French
Roman Catholicism
Monarchy
New France Livre

British Province of Quebec
1763 - 91 28

@ Quebec
French, English
Roman Catholicism, Protestantism
Constitutiona Monarchy

1711

Quebec Expedition

1775

Battle of Quebec

British Province of Canada
1841 - 67 26

@ Kingston 1841 - 3 2

Montreal 1843 - 9 6

Toronto 1849 - 52 3
Quebec 1852 - 6 4
Toronto 1856 - 8 2
Quebec 1859 - 66 7
Ottawa 1866 - 7 1

English,

French
Constitutional Monarchy

Confederation of Canada
1867 - Present 144

@ English, French, Chipewyan, Cree, Gwich’in, Inuinnaqtun, Inuktitut, Inuvialuktun, Slavey (North and South) and Tłįchǫ
Federal parliamentary democracy & constitutional monarchy

1877 Eastern elk Extinct

1885 North West Rebellion Dominion of Canada Provisional Government of Saskatchewan Cree Assiniboine

1892 On Canadas Frontier Sketches of History, Sport, and Adventure and of the Indians, Missionaries, Furtraders, and Newer Settlers of Western Canada by Ralph, Julian 74,326 K

Confederation of Canada
1867 - Present 144

@ English, French, Chipewyan, Cree, Gwich’in, Inuinnaqtun, Inuktitut, Inuvialuktun, Slavey (North and South) and Tłįchǫ
Federal parliamentary democracy & constitutional monarchy

1905 Alberta and Saskatchewan become Provinces in Canada

1918 Battle of Baku Azerbaijan Ottomans 14 #500C 30G, Azerbaijan 2 VS Baku Commune 6 40G, UK 1 1AB 1MGS 3ArC 2 #200, Australia, Canada, New Zealand, Armenia, Centrocaspian Dictatorship, White Russians

1918 2nd Battle of the Somme. France UK, (+Australia, Canada), USA 5.6 VS Germany + #600+C

1918 2nd Battle of the Lys. Belgium UK, (+Australia, Newfoundland), Portugal, Belgium, France, USA ? 120 VS Germany 800 120

1918 Battle of Amiens. France UK 3Div 800, (Australia 5Div, Canada 4Div), France 12Div 1.1, USA 1Div 24Div 1.9 532T VS Germany 10ADiv 4RDiv 365 30XWM

1914 1st Battle of Albert. France UK, (Newfoundland) 13Div, France 11Div 24Div VS Germany 6Div

1916 2nd Battle of Albert. France UK, (Newfoundland) 13Div, France 11Div 24Div VS Germany 6Div

1917 Battle of Vimy Ridge. France UK, Canada 5Div 170 3.6X 7W VS Germany 3Div 3045 ?XW 4C

1918 3rd Battle of Albert. France UK, (Newfoundland) 13Div, France 11Div 24Div VS Germany 6Div

1919 Canadas Hundred Days with the Canadian Corps by John Frederick Bligh 18951944 111M 4;02;36

1932 Ottawa agreement promotes Imperial trade

1949 Newfoundland and Labrador join Canada

1914 Oneness Pentecostalism Frank Ewart, G.T.Haywood, Glenn Cook.

1936 Backwoods of Canada by Catharine Trail 180299 235M 8;34;47

1940 Debert, Nova Scotia Canada

1940 Battle of France. Axis Germany 141Div 3.35M 157.6Cas 7.4G 2.4T #795 5.6 1.3 400D, Italy 300 6 163.7 VS Allies France 150, UK, Belgium, Netherlands, Canada, Poland, Czechoslovakia, Luxembourg 144Div 3.3M 2.26M 14G 4T 2.9

1940 Battle of Britain. UK UK, Canada 2, 1.5 #544X #422W VS Germany, Italy 2.6 1.9 2.7X #967C #638B

1940 - 2 2 Siege of Malta. Malta UK, Malta, Australia, Canada, New Zealand, South Africa, Southern Rhodesia Supply: Free French, Greece, Poland, Norway, USA 30BuD 40Su 2AC 4C 19D 716F 369 64Gr 2.3ACXW 1.3CiX VS Italy 175 72%T 16Su, Germany 357 50U 23%M 2 2.3M 17.2X 2.3M

1942 Battle of Sidi Bou Zid. Tunisia Germany VS USA 2.5M 103T

1941 - 5 4 Battle of the Caribbean. USA, UK, Canada, + VS Germany, Italy

1942 Operation Torch. Morocco, Algeria USA, UK, Free French, Canada, Netherlands 107 479+X 720W VS Germany 2Sub in Mor., Vichy France 60 1.3X 2W

1943 Battle of Ortona. Italy Canada 2Bat #650VS Germany 2Bat ? 1.3CiX

1943 Bernhardt Line. Italy UK, USA, New Zealand, Canada, Free French, India, + VS Germany

1943 Moro River Campaign. Italy UK ?, Canada 2.3, India 3.4, New Zealand 1.6 4Div 2ArB VS Germany 1PaDiv 2GrDiv 1TpDiv

1943 Battle of Sicily. Italy UK, USA, Canada, Newfoundland, Free French 160467 24.8 5.8X 15.7W 3.3C 14V 600T 1.8G VS Italy 230 131.4147 +C, Germany 60 20 260T 1.4

1944 Battle of Monte Cassino. Italy UK, USA, Free French, Poland, Canada, India, New Zealand, Italian Royalists 1.9T 4 55 VS Germany, Italy 20

1944 Battle of Anzio Italy USA, UK, Canada 36 then 150 2.31.5V 43 7X 36WM VS Germany 20 then 135, Italy 4.6 40 5X 30.5WM 4.5C

1944 Battle of Rimini. Italy UK, Canada, Greece, New Zealand 3.4 VS Germany

1944 Operation Overlord. France USA, UK, Canada, Free French, Poland, Czechloslovakia, Australia, New Zealand, Netherlands, Free Belgians, Greece, Luxembourg 1.5 Then 2M 226Cas 4.1 4T VS Germany 380 then 1M 2.3T&AG 2.2, 210450 2.1 13.619.9CivCas

1944 Invasion of Normandy. France UK, USA, Canada, Free French, Poland, Australia, Free Belgians, New Zealand, Netherlands, Norway, Free Czechloslovak, Greece 1.3M 120 VS Germany 380 113

1944 Battle for Caen. France UK, Canada 11Div 3ArDiv 5ArBri 3TBri 50.5Cas VS Germany 7Div 8PTDiv 3HTBat 550T 50.5Cas

1944 Operation Windsor. France Canada 4IBat 1MGBat 2ArReg 17T #377 VS Germany 1PTBat 1Bat 15T #155

1944 Operation Charnwood. France UK, Canada 3IDiv 3ArBri 80T 3.8 VS Germany 1IDiv 1ArDiv 61T 1821 2+ #3400CivX

1944 Operation Atlantic. France Canada 2IDiv 1ArBri 1.7 VS Germany 2PTDiv

1944 Battle of Verrières Ridge. France Germany 1IDiv 2.5PTDiv VS Canada 2IDiv 1ArBri #800X 2WC
German defensive victory

1944 Operation Spring. France Germany 3PTDiv VS Canada, UK 2IDiv 2ArDiv 1ArBri #450X 1.1W

1944 Operation Tractable. France Canada, Poland 1.4, UK 2IDiv 2ArDiv 1ArBri 1TBri VS Germany 2IDiv 1PTDiv

1944 Falaise pocket. France USA, UK, Canada, Poland, Free French 17Div + VS Germany 1415Div 100 60

1944 Operation Dragoon. France USA 2XCM 7.8OCO, Free French 10<, UK, Canada 175200 VS Germany 85100P 285300A 7X 20W 130+C

1944 Battle of Port Cros. France USA, Canada 1.5 1D 9X VS Germany 5F 5 1A 1C 2

1944 Allied advance from Paris to the Rhine. France, Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg, Germany USA 240 50.4X 172.5W 24.4CM, UK, Poland, Canada, France, + 5.4M VS Germany 1.5M

1944 Clearing the Channel Coast. France, Belgium Canada, UK, Poland, France, Czechoslovakia, Belgium, Netherlands Vs Germany

1944 Operation Astonia. France Canada, UK 45 >#500 AFV 35 VS Germany 12 #600X 1.3C

1944 Siege of Dunkirk. France Canada, UK, Czechoslovakia, France, Belgian Resistance VS Germany

1944 Operation Wellhit. France Canada, UK 2Brig + Ar, A, 1 #600 VS Germany 10 <#500 9.5C

1944 Operation Undergo. France Canada, UK #260 VS Germany 7.5 (Calais) 9.1C

1944 Battle of Moerbrugge. Belgium Canada #5X #26W VS Germany #700X #150C

1944 Battle of the Scheldt. Belgium, Netherlands Canada 6.4, UK, Belgium, Netherlands, Norway, Poland 60 12.9 VS Germany 90 1012 41C

1944 5 Battle of the Bulge. Belgium, Luxembourg, Germany USA 89.5 19X 47.5W 23CM 800T, UK 1.4 #200X #969W #239M, Canada, Free Belgians, Free Luxembourg 83 4IDiv 1ADiv 394A#242T To 610 20IDiv 9ADiv 4.2A 1.6T 182AFV 6 VS Germany 200 8IDiv 5ADiv 340+T 280+AFV 1.6A 955RL Rien 100 12IDiv 3⅔ADiv 440+T 440+AFV 600T&AG 2.4 500T 67.2100XMC 100s 3CiX

1944 Battle of Foy. Belgium USA, Canada VS Germany Town taken

1945 Operation Bodenplatte. Belgium, Netherlands, France Canada, New Zealand, Poland, UK 2nd AF, USA 8th&9thAF VS Germany Cor 2Div

1945 Operation Blackcock. Netherlands, Germany UK, Canada 2Div ComBri ArDiv 1.2 VS Germany 2Div 2PTReg HPTBat 2

1945 Western Allied invasion of Germany. Germany USA 6th,12thArmG 3M, UK 21stArmG, France 1stArm, Canada, Poland VS Germany ArmG:B,G,H 1M

1945 Operation Veritable. Germany UK, Canada 200 15.6 VS Germany 90 44.2

1945 Operation Plunder. Germany UK, Canada, USA VS Germany

1945 Operation Varsity. Germany UK, USA, Canada 16.9 2.42.7 72 VS Germany 8 ? 3.5C

1945 Battle of Groningen. Netherlands Canada 1214 #43X #166W VS Germany 77.5 #300X 5.2C

1939 45 6 Battle of the Atlantic. Atlantic Ocean, North Sea, Irish Sea, Labrador Sea, Gulf of St. Lawrence, Caribbean Sea, Gulf of Mexico, Outer Banks, Arctic Ocean UK, Canada, USA (415 4), Newfoundland, Norway, Poland, Free French (405 5), Belgium, Brazil (425 3), Netherlands, France (3940) 36.2SaX 32MSX 3.5M 175W 3.7 VS Germany, Italy (403 3) 30SaX 783Sub

1939 Battle of the River Plate. Atlantic Ocean, North Sea, Irish Sea, Labrador Sea, Gulf of St. Lawrence, Caribbean Sea, Gulf of Mexico, Outer Banks, Arctic Ocean UK, Canada, USA (415 4), Newfoundland, Norway, Poland, Free French (405 5), Belgium, Brazil (425 3), Netherlands, France (3940) HC BD 2LC 2D 3D 72X 28WVS Germany, Italy (403 3)1PB Sc 30X 60W

1941 Operation Stonewall. Off West France UK 2LC 2W, USA 1EC, Free France 4D, Canada 4Co, New Zealand 1C, Czechoslovakia 1B, Ireland 1St, Spain 2D VS Germany 2To 1D 1DD 4BR #154C Last of German control of French ports.

1942 4 2 Battle of the St. Lawrence. Gulf in Canada Canada 23 3D #340VS Germany

1943 Battle of the North Cape. Norway UK, Canada, Norway 1B LD 1HC 1D 3LC 9D 1D #11X #11W VS Germany 1B 1 1.9X #36C

1944 Battle of Ushant. English Channel UK, Canada, Poland 8D 1D VS Germany 4D 1 1Sc #140C #39X

1944 Battle of Pierres Noires. Off France Canada 4D VS Germany 4P 1 1D 1U

1945 Operation Teardrop. North Atlantic USA, Canada 4AC 42D 1 #126X ?WVS Germany 7Su 5 #218X ?W #00F

1944 Action of 13 May. Cape Verde Islands, Atlantic USA 1DE 0 VS Japan 1Sub 1 #52X

British North America
1783 - 1907 124

@ Administered from London
English
Anglicanism
Constitutional Monarchy
Pound sterling, Canadian pound, Canadian dollar

British North America
1783 - 1907 124

@ Administered from London
English
Anglicanism
Constitutional Monarchy
Pound sterling, Canadian pound, Canadian dollar

1825 History New Brunswick by Fisher 1782 - 1848 203M 7;25;13

1837 - 81 Lower Canada Rebellion United Kingdom British North America Patriote movement American Volunteers

British North America
1783 - 1907 124

@ Administered from London
English
Anglicanism
Constitutional Monarchy
Pound sterling, Canadian pound, Canadian dollar

1521 - 1917 San Juan Bautista Cathedral Puerto Rico

1600s Jesuits in Canada
Black Robe 1991

1670 The Hudsons Bay Company started.

1645 - 1936 Dulce Nombre de Jesus Cathedral Puerto Rico

1670 - 1839 Ponce Cathedral Puerto Rico

1649 Battle of Huronia

1721 - 5 4 Dummers War. Nova Scotia, Canada, Northern New England, USA. New England Colonies, Mohawk vs Wabanaki Confederacy, Abenaki, Pequawket, Mikmaq, Maliseet

1710 British capture French Acadia

1711 Battle of Bloody Creek.

1713 Utrecht treaty gives Britain Newfoundland, St. Kitts and Hudson bay. Leaves Britain dominant in force in America

1754 - 63 9 French & Indian War Part of the Seven Years War Great Britain British America Iroquois Confederacy Onondaga Oneida Seneca Tuscarora Mohawk Cayuga Catawba Cherokee (before 1758) France New France Abenaki Algonquin Caughnawaga Mohawk Lenape Mikmaq Ojibwa Ottawa Shawnee Wyandot

1755

Battle of Fort Beausejour.

1758 mi Battle of Luisbourg

1757 nt Battle of Bloody Creek

1759

Battle of Beauport

1759 Battle of Plains of Abraham

1760 Battle of Sainte-Foy

1760 Battle of Thousand Islands

1759 Wolfe captures Quebec and Montreal

1775 Battle of Longue-Pointe

1775 Battle of Fort Saint-Jean

1776 Battle of the Cedars

1776 Battle of Trois-Rivieres

1776 Battle of Fort Cumberland

1791 The Constitutional Act (Or Canada Act) creates the two provinces of Upper and Lower Canada in British North America.

1793 Upper Canada bans slavery.

1795 France overruns Netherlands

1743 NotreDame de Québec Cathedral

1763 - 2004 Mayagüez Cathedral Puerto Rico

1787 Ninstints Haida villagesite

1830s Hatley Castle

1838 Rideau Hall Castle

1890 Craigdarroch Castle

1853 Life in the Clearings by Moodie 180385 311M 11;20;52

1865 Pioneers of France in New World by Francis Parkman 18231893 285M 10;22;50

1840 Canadian provinces act of Union

1869 Red River Rebellion Dominion of Canada Métis Loyalists British Empire Métis Forces of Louis Riel

1871 Vancouver and British Columbia join Canada

1802 Battle of Sitka

1804 Battle of Sitka

1812 Battle of Queenston Heights

1812 Battle of Lacolle Mills.

1813 Battle of Thames River.

1813 Battle of Chateauguaym River.

1813 Battle of Crysler's Farm.

1813 Battle of York.

1813 Battle of Stoney Creek.

1813 Battle of Fort George.

1814 Battle of Lacolle Mills.

1814 Battle of Chippawa.

1814 Battle of Lundy's Lane.

1814 Battle of Cook's Mills.

1814 Siege of Fort Erie.

1837 - 8 1 Rebellions of 1837 in Canada.

1837 Battle of St Dennis

1837 Battle of St Charles

1837 Battle of Montgomery's Tavern

1837 Battle of St-Eustache

1838 Battle of Beauharnois

1838 Battle of Windmill

1896 Klondike Gold Rush in Canada.

1804 Holy Trinity Cathedral Quebec

1835 Christs Church Cathedral Hamilton, Ontario

1845 - 53 Christ Church Cathedral Fredericton

1846 NotreDame Cathedral Basilica, Ottawa

1846 St. Pauls Cathedral London, Ontario

1846 St. Pauls Cathedral Regina

1846 Battle of Dominguez Rancho California

1848 St. Marys Cathedral, Kingston

1853 SaintGermain Cathedral

1855 Basilica of St. John the Baptist, St. Johns

1857 - 60 Christ Church Cathedral Montreal

1860 Saint Boniface Cathedral

1866 Battle of Ridgeway

1866 Battle of Fort Erie

1870 Battle of Eccles Hill

1864 - 73 Christ Church Cathedral, Christchurch

1869 St Peters Cathedral, Charlottetown, Canada

1884 - 7 CoCathedral of SaintAntoinedePadoue de Longueuil

1885 St. Peters Cathedral Basilica, London

1885 Battle of Duck Lake.

1881 Battle of Fort Pitt.

1885 Battle of Fish Creek.

1885 Battle of Cut Knife.

1885 Battle of Batoche.

1885 Battle of Fenchman's Butte.

1885 Battle of Loon Lake.

1892 St. Andrews Cathedral Victoria

1894 Mary, Queen of the World Cathedral

1896 St. Marys Cathedral, Winnipeg

1899 St. Marys Basilica, Halifax

1878 Skedans

1911 Casa Loma Castle

1901 Man from Glengarry by Ralph Conner 1860 - 1937 351M 12;47;11

1900 Mounted Police in Canada by Dean 1848 - 1940 274M 9;58;40

1901 Man from Glengarry by Ralph Conner 1860 - 1937 351M 12;47;11

1902 Copyright Question by Morang 1866 - 1937 20M 44;00

1909Canada the Empire of the North by AGNES C. LAUT 1871 - 1936 150M 13;27;35

1915 Dawn of Canadian History A Chronicle of Aboriginal Canada by Stephen Leacock 1869 - 1944 61.3M 2;14;04

1920 Le Petit Nord by Grenfell 1885 - 1938 72M 2;37;08

1900 Holy Rosary Cathedral Vancouver

1900 St. Georges Cathedral Kingston, Ontario

1905 Cathedral of St. John the Baptist St. Johns

1912 3 Holy Rosary Cathedral Regina

1912 17 Cathedral of St. John the Evangelist Saskatoon

1913 St. Matthews Anglican Cathedral Brandon

1916 St. Dunstans Basilica

1922 SaintFrançoisXavier Cathedral

1925 Sacred Heart Cathedral Kamloops

1926 St. John Cathedral Winnipeg

1932 Christ Church Cathedral Ottawa

1933 Christ the King Cathedral Hamilton

1934 St. Pauls Cathedral Saskatoon

1938 Sacred Heart Cathedral of New Brunswick

1943 St. George Cathedral Saskatoon

1947 St. Josaphat Cathedral

1951 Holy Trinity Ukrainian Orthodox Metropolitan Cathedral

1957 St. Marys Cathedral Calgary

1963 St. Josephs Basilica, Edmonton

1965 St. John Cathedral Edmonton

1972 St. Judes Cathedral

1973 Holy Trinity Ukrainian Orthodox Cathedral Vancouver

2005 8 Baitun Nur Mosque Canada

Canada

United States of America

Mexico

1500s

1600s

1700s

1800s

1900s

Viceroyalty of New France
1534 - 1763 229

@ Canada

Roanoke Colony
1586 - 7 1

@ Roanoke, Virginia

Province of New Mexico
1598 - 1821 223

@ Santa Fe
Part of Nueva Spain
New Mexico, Texas, Colorado, Kansas, Oklahoma

1598 Don Juan Oñate establishes the colony of New Mexico by taking over a pueblo, which he renames San Juan, near modernday Santa Fe. In retaliation for an attack on the settlement, he destroys the Acoma pueblo, killing 800 and capturing 500.

1512 Spanish Laws of Burgos forbid enslavement of Indians and advocate Christian conversion.

1514 Bartolome de las Casas petitions Spanish crown on behalf of Native Americans

1524 Giovanni da Verrazzano is the first European to explore the Atlantic coast of North America between South Carolina and Newfoundland.

1525 - 32 8 Civil war wages between Atahuallpa and Huascar

1528 - 36 8 A member of the Narvaez expedition, Alvar Nunez Cabeza de Vaca is shipwrecked first near Tampa Bay and later on Galveston Island off the coast of what is now Texas. After six years spent among the Indians of the region, he and his companions travel westward across Texas and Mexico.

1540 - 2 2 Seeking gold first in the city of Cibola, reportedly larger and richer than Mexico City, and then in Quivera, Francisco Vasquez de Coronado leads an expeditionary force through the Texas and Oklahoma panhandles, with much loss of life among the areas native peoples. He returns to Mexico City in 1542 and dies in 1544.

1584 Sir Walter Ralegh sends a reconnaissance fleet under Captains Amadas and Barlow to the future Croatoan Sound, North Carolina. Based on their glowing account, he sends out a colonizing expedition the next year of 100 men who settle on Roanoke Island. Sir Francis Drake later takes the colonists back to England at their request.

1587 Raliegh sends out a fresh colony of 117 men, women, and children in three ships, with John White as governor.

1595 - 1617 22 Pocahontas

The New World 2005
Pocahontas: The Legend 1955
Captain John Smith and Pocahontas 1953

1540 Francisco Vásquez de Coronado sights the Grand Canyon.

1540 Battle of Mabila

Viceroyalty of New France
1534 - 1763 229

@ Canada

Province of New Mexico
1598 - 1821 223

@ Santa Fe
Part of Nueva Spain
New Mexico, Texas, Colorado, Kansas, Oklahoma

1609 Pedro de Peralta, a later governor of New Mexico, establishes the settlement of Santa Fe.

1680 Pueblo Revolt Popé (1630 88 58) drives the Spanish out of New Mexico until 1692.

1672 95

San Marcos Castle

Colony of Virginia
1607 - 1776 169

@ Jamestown, Williamsburg (from 1699)
English
Anglicanism
Constitutional Monarchy
Pound Sterling

1607 Jamestown, is settled as what would become the first permanent English colony in North America.

1610 - 14 4 1st Anglo Powhatan War Virginia Colony VS Powhatan Confederacy

1622 Jamestown massacre: Algonquian natives kill 347 English settlers outside Jamestown, Virginia (1/3 of the colonys population) and burn the Henricus settlement.

1630 Population: 3,000 colonists in Virginia; 300 at Plymouth. During 16301640, another 16,000 colonists will arrive.

New Netherland
1614 - 67 53

@ New Amsterdam (New York)
Dutch, English, French & others
Colony

1625 New Amsterdam (New York) founded by the Dutch West India Company in North America.

1640 - 1701 61 Beaver Wars Iroquois, English, Dutch vs Algonquian France

1643 - 5 2 Kiefts War. USA. New Netherlands vs Lenape.

1655 Peach Tree War. Susquehannock and allied tribes vs New Netherland

1664 New Amsterdam becomes New York after Governor Peter Stuyvesants surrender to English forces.

Plymouth Colony
1620 - 91 71

@ Plymouth
English
Puritan, Separatist
Monarchy

Province of North Carolina
1629 - 1776 147

@ New Bern
English
Constitutional Monarchy
Pound Sterling

Province of South Carolina
1629 - 1776 147

@ Charles Town (Charleston)
English
Constitutional Monarchy
Pound Sterling

Colony of Connecticut
1636 - 1776 140

@ Before 1701: Hartford, 1701 - 1776: Joint Capitals: Hartford (May Legislative session) and New Haven (October Legislative session)
English
Constitutional Monarchy

New Sweden
1638 - 55 17

@ Fort Christina
Swedish, Finnish
Colony

1637 Swedish colonists establishes a settlement called New Sweden on the Delaware River.

Province of New Jersey
1664 - 1776 112

@ Elizabethtown (to 1673)
Perth Amboy (East), Burlington (West)
English, Dutch
Constitutional Monarchy
Pounds Sterling

1st Province of New Hampshire
1680 - 6 6

@ Portsmouth
England
Pounds Sterling, Spanish Dollar

Massachusetts Bay Colony 1628 - 84 56

@ Salem, Charlestown, Boston

1620 Pilgrims arrive in Massachussets

1621 First Thanksgiving, at Plymouth

1628 Thomas Morton and colonists at Merrymount dance around a maypole and celebrate May Day, upsetting the Plymouth Pilgrims. In June, Capt. Miles Standish is sent to eradicate the settlement and Morton is sent back to England.

1636 Harvard University founded in Cambridge, Massachusetts.

1630 - 43 13 English Puritans immigrate to Massachusetts Bay Colony

1634 - 8 4 Pequot War. Massachusetts Bay Colony, Plymouth Colony, Saybrook Colony, Narragansett people, Mohegan people vs Pequot. Roger Williams helps to convince the Narragansetts, traditional enemies of the Pequots, to join the New Englanders side of the conflict.

1638 Signing of the Treaty of Hartford formally ends the Pequot War. Remaining members of the Pequot tribe are divided up among the Puritans’ Indian allies. end of the Pequots as a distinct people.

1646 Robert Child and others protest the intolerance of Massachusetts Puritans toward those of other faiths; in response, Governor John Winthrop and others justify their policies and banish Child.

1648 as the Cambridge Platform, which codifies and defines New England Congregationalism.

1652 Massachusetts general court rules that the territory of Maine lies within the boundaries of the Massachusetts Bay Colony, thus ending Maines immediate hopes of independence.

1656 (Summer) Massachusetts Bay Colony Puritans whip, imprison, and banish the first Quakers to arrive in the colony.

1659 Quakers William Robinson and Marmaduke Stephenson are hanged for refusing to leave Massachusetts.

1660 Mary Dyer is hanged after defying an expulsion order by returning to Boston

1661 Hanging of Massachusetts Quakers who refuse to leave the colony is outlawed by Parlaiment

1675 Massachusetts settlements of Deerfield and Hadley experience the first of three raids from the Wampanoag and Nipmuck peoples.

1675 - 6 1 King Philips War. New England Confederation, Mohegan Pequot vs Wampanoag, Nipmuck, Podunk, Narragansett, Nashaway

1682 Captivity and Restoration by Mary Rowlandson 16371711 51.3M 1;52;12

1684 Charter of the Massachusetts Bay Colony is revoked after critical reports reach England. This ends the requirement of church membership for voting.

1689 - 1763 74 French & Indian War begins with King Williams War. Schenectady, N. Y. and other areas are burned by French and Native Americans; Massachusetts colonists capture Port Royal, Nova Scotia; and Canadian forces destroy Casco, Maine.

Province of Maryland
1632 - 1776 144

@ Annapolis
English
Constitutional Monarchy
Pounds Sterling

1647 First woman barrister in the colonies, Margaret Brent of Maryland, seeks and is denied the right to vote in the assembly.

1665 Legislation in several states tightens the bonds of slavery. English law provides that slaves may be freed if they convert to Christianity and establish legal residence, but Maryland, New York, New Jersey, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Virginia pass laws allowing conversion and residence without freeing the slaves.

1664 Maryland Colony passes a law mandating lifetime servitude for black slaves; previous precedent had allowed freedom for those who converted to Christianity and established legal residences there.

Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations
1636 - 1776 140

@ Providence
English
Constitutional Monarchy
@ England

1636 Founding of Providence, R. I. by Roger Williams, who establishes Rhode Island as a place of religious toleration.

1638 Banished from the Massachusetts Bay Colony for her religious beliefs, Anne Hutchinson leaves Boston and helps to establish Pocasset, or Portsmouth, Rhode Island.

1675 The Great Swamp Fight

Province of New York
1664 - 1775 111

@ New York City English, Dutch
Pounds Sterling, Spanish Dollar

1664 British troops capture New Amsterdam and rename it New York.

1686 Governor Edmund Andros begins issuing a series of unpopular orders aimed at the consolidation of colonies into one large settlement. He dissolves the assemblies of New York and Connecticut, limits the number of town meetings in New England to one per year, places the militia under his direct control, and forces Puritans and Anglicans to worship together in the Old South Church.

1689 Rebellious colonists force Andros to take shelter in a fort for his own protection. Cotton Mather supports the rebellion.

1689 Edmund Andros is ordered back to England to stand trial. The colonies reestablish their previous systems of government.

Province of Pennsylvania
1681 - 1776 95

@ Philidelphia
English, Pennsylvania German
Proprietary colony, Semiautonomous Constitutional monarchy
Pounds Sterling, Spanish Dollar

1681 William Penn receives a charter for land on which he will found Pennsylvania

1683 Penn and Native Americans negotiate a peace treaty at Shackamaxon under the Treaty Elm

Territory of Louisiana
1682 - 1764 82

@ Mobile (1702 - 20 18)
New Orleans (after 1723)
1763 Split east to Great Britain
1764 Split west to Spain

Delaware Colony
1684 - 1783 99

@ New Castle
English
Constitutional Monarchy
Pounds Sterling

Dominion of
New England in America
1686 - 9 3

@ Boston

Province of Massachusetts Bay 1692 - 1774 82

@ Boston
Pounds Sterling

1692 Salem witchcraft trials begin. 20 people executed.
The Crucible 1996

1697 Massachusetts general court expresses official repentance for the witchcraft trials; Samuel Sewall confesses guilt from his Boston church pew.

1699 Peace treaty at Casco Bay, Maine, brings hostilities between the Abenaki Indians and the Massachusetts colony to an end.

2nd Province of
New Hampshire
1692 - 1783 91

@ Portsmouth
England
Pounds Sterling, Spanish Dollar

1644 - 6 2 2nd Anglo / Powhatan War. England vs Powhatan.

1673 Marquette and Joliet travel from Lake Michigan down the Mississippi as far as the Arkansas River, completing a 2500mile journey of exploration.

1675 - 8 3 King Philips War in Maine

1676 Bacons Rebellion.

1688 Battle of Fort Albany

1693 The College of William and Mary is founded.

Mississippian culture disappears.

1620 The Puritan Pilgrims arrive in the Mayflower at Cape Cod

Tessouat (? 1654), Chief of the Algonquin

1507 The first recorded epidemic of smallpox in the New World occurs on the island of Hispaniola and decimates the native Taíno population.

1539 Hernando de Soto explores inland North America.

1767 Father Junipero Serra founds first California missions
Seven Cities of Gold 1955

1675 - 1720 St Pauls Cathedral

1607 Recreated Powhatan village at Jamestown Settlement

1607 - 15 Susan Constant Stern Reconstruction

1634 St. Marys City, Maryland Reconstruction

1699 - 1780 81 Colonial Williamsburg VA

1600s Insular cave rat Puerto Rico Extinct

Schlesinger phases of American history

1776 - 88 12 Lib Liberal Movement to Create Constitution (Revolution, Confederation Period)

1788 - 1800 12 Con Hamiltonian Federalism (Federalist Era)

1800 - 12 12 Lib Liberal Period of Jeffersonianism (Jeffersonian democracy)

1812 - 29 17 Con Conservative Retreat After War of 1812 (War of 1812, Era of Good Feelings)

1829 - 41 12 Lib Jacksonian Democracy (Jacksonian democracy)

1841 - 61 20 Con Domination of National Government by Slaveowners (Origins of the Civil War)

1861 - 9 8 Lib Abolition of Slavery and Reconstruction (Civil War, Reconstruction Era)

1869 - 1901 32 Con The Gilded Age (Gilded Age)

1901 - 19 18 Lib Progressive Era (Progressive Era, World War I)

1919 - 31 12 Con Republican Restoration (Roaring Twenties)

1931 - 47 16 Lib The New Deal (Great Depression, World War II)

1947 - 62 15 Con (Postwar Era, The Fifties)

1962 - 78 16 Lib (Civil Rights Era, The Sixties)

1978 - 88 10 Con Cold War

Viceroyalty of New France
1534 - 1763 229

@ Canada

Province of New Mexico
1598 - 1821 223

@ Santa Fe
Part of Nueva Spain
New Mexico, Texas, Colorado, Kansas, Oklahoma

Colony of Virginia
1607 - 1776 169

@ Jamestown, Williamsburg (from 1699)
English
Anglicanism
Constitutional Monarchy
Pound Sterling

1756 - 63 7 Seven Years War. @ Europe, Africa, India, North America, South America, the Philippine Islands. Prussia, Great Britain, Hanover, Iroquois Confederacy, BrunswickWolfenbüttel, Portugal HesseKassel, SchaumburgLippe vs France, Habsburg Monarchy, Russian Empire, Spain, Sweden, Saxony, Sardinia

1775 Battle of Great Bridge

Province of North Carolina
1629 - 1776 147

@ New Bern
English
Constitutional Monarchy
Pound Sterling

1711 - 54 Tuscarora War Colonial militia of North Carolina Colonial militia of South Carolina Yamasee Northern Tuscarora Apalachee Catawba Cherokee Southern Tuscarora Pamplico Cothechney Coree Mattamuskeet Matchepungo

1715 - 72 Yamasee War Colonial militia of South Carolina Colonial militia of North Carolina Colonial militia of Virginia Catawba (from 1715) Cherokee (from 1716) Yamasee Ochese Creeks Catawba (until 1715) Cherokee (until 1716) Waxhaw Santee

1771 Battle of Alamance

1729 North and South Carolina become Crown Colonies

1776 Battle of Moore's Creek Bridge